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HISTORY 



OF 



NEWBURYPORT, MASS 



1764-1905 



By 

JOHN j. CURRIER 

Aiitliof of "Oulil Ni'wliury" : Historical and Biofjrapliical Sketches, 
aiui History of Newbury, Mass. 



With Maps and llliistrationi' 



NEWBURYPORT, MASS. 

PUBLISHED BY THE AUTHOR 

1906 






c? 



LIBRARY of CONGRESS 
Two CoDies Received 

FEB 12 1906 

f) Copyright Enfry . 






z 



CLASS <5U JlXe, No 

/ 3 J^fS^ 
COPY B, 



Copyriglil, igob 
John J. Currier, Newburyport, Mass. 



'/ivrt^ 



I(> M\' Wll'K 



^U0an (Page) Currier 

I i)i':i)ic.\ 1 !■: riiis 

IIISIOHV Ol-- NKWI'.LKVl'OK r 



PREFACE. 

WiiKN Nevvburyport was incorporated, in 1764, it covered 
an area of only six hundred and forty-seven acres, and in ter- 
ritorial extent was the smallest town in the proxince of Massa- 
chusetts Bay. It was bounded on the southeast, southwest 
and northwest by the town of Newbury, and on the northeast 
b}' the Merrimack river, and had a ])opulati()n of about twen- 
ty-ei£;ht hunched men, women and children. 

Duiini;- the Revolutionary war the merchants of Nevvbury- 
port im])orted clothing' and militarv stores for the use of the 
Continental army and fitted out prixatcers, in lari^e numbers, 
" to cruise against the enemies of the United States." Many 
interesting facts relating to the service they rendered on land 
and sea have been gathered from letters and papers on file at 
the state house in Boston and arc now published for the first 
time. What they said and did to uj^hold the cause of liberty, 
in the long struggle with the king and jmrliament of England, 
is told in their own language, as far as possible, without em- 
bellishment or words of comment. Pul:)]ic documents, town 
records and old newspapers have been carefully examined and 
freely cjuoted in order to give with scrupulous exactness the 
views and opinions they publicly expressed. 

Many events and incidents connected with the history of 
Newburyport since the beginning of the nineteenth century 
are imperfectly described in the following pages for lack of 
space, and, for the same reason, biographical sketches of the 
men and women i)romincnt in the commercial or social life of 
the town are omitted. 

Quotations from the Newburyport Herald and Country 
Gazette previous to 1832 are taken from the editions published 
weekly and semi-weekly ; after that date the daily edition has 
been used to some extent and it is, therefore, necessary in 

5 



6 PREFA CE 

some cases to examine that edition also in order to find a 
sentence or paragraph quoted. 

A few of the maps and half-tone prints used to illustrate 
this volume are reproduced from books and engravings pub- 
lished nearly a century ago, but most of them are from plates 
engraved by the Suffolk Engraving Company, of Boston, from 
photographs taken by Selwyn C. Reed, William C. Thompson, 
Edward E. Bartlett, George E. Noyes and Caleb D. Howard, 
of Newbury port. 

For many items of interest relating to the early history of 
the town, and for assistance in preparing the following pages 
for publication, I am indebted to Sidney Perley, Esq., of Salem ; 
to Mr. George F. Dow, secretary of the Essex Institute ; to 
Mr. Edmund M. Barton, librarian of the American Antiqua- 
rian Society, Worcester ; to Brigadier-General Adolphus W. 
Greeley, chief signal officer of the United States army ; to 
Mr. James W. Cheney, librarian of the War Department, 
Washington, D. C. ; and to Mr. C. W. Ernst of Boston. 

I am also under obligations to John D. Parsons, librarian ; 
to Arthur L. Huse, deputy collector ; to Edward F. Bartlett, 
clerk of the police court ; to George H. Stevens, city clerk ; 
to William H. Bay ley, clerk of the overseers of the poor ; to 
Capt. James O. Knapp, Oliver B. Merrill and Lawrence B. 
Gushing, all of Newburyport, for much useful and valuable 
information, and especially for the opportunity to carefully 
examine the newspapers and pamphlets in the public library 
and the records and public documents at City hall. 

John J. Currier. 

Newburyport, December 20, 1905. 



TABLE OF CONTENTS. 



Chapter 

I. 1764 to 1774 

II. 1774101794 

III. 1794 to 1824 

IV. 1S24 to 1854 
V. 1854 to 1904 

VI. Churches and Pastors 

VII. Schools and Schoolmasters 

VIII. Public St"reets and Landing Places 
IX. Ferry, Bridges, Turnpikes and Postal Service 

X. Taverns, Stage Coaches, Railroads and Street Car Service 386 

XI. Distinguished Visitors, Memorial Services, Celebrations 

and Political Gatherings 

XII. Ship-yards, Ship owners and Ship builders 

XIII. Rooks and Newspapers 

XIV. Libraries 

XV. Revolutionary War .... 

XVI. Privateers in the Revolutionary War 

XVII. The Embargo AND War ok 1 812 . 

■ XVIII. The Mexican, Civil and Spanish Wars 



Page 
13 
55 
104 
160 
211 
252 
309 
333 
366 



408 

449 
471 
518 
529 
612 
648 
667 



APPENDIX. 



I. Collectors and Deputy Collectors 
II. Representatives to the General Court . 

III. Town Clerks, City Clerks, and Assistant City Clerks 

IV. Town Treasurers and City Treasurers 

V. Additions and Corrections 

Index 



675 
678 
686 
687 
688 
693 



MAPS AND ILLUSTRATIONS, 



John J. Currier, Frontispiece. 

Map of the town of Newburyport, 1795 

Bill head of John Tracy, cordage manufacturer 

Swinging sign, " Wolfe Tavern" .... 

John Lowell, Esq. ...... 

Title-page : C invention held at Ipswich in 1778, " Essex Result 
Lighthouse, i860 ....... 

Lighthouse, 1905 ....... 

A northeast view of the town and harbour of Newburyport 
Theophilus Parsons ....... 

Powder house erected in 1822 .... 

Plan of land and buildings in the vicinity of Frog pond, 1771 

Bartlet mall 

Jail and jail-keeper's house ..... 

Plan of Market landing, 1775 .... 

Town and Court house, 1805 • » • 

Figure of Justice ...... 

Meeting house in Market sfjuare .... 

Almshouse erected in 1794 ..... 

Map of Newburyport harbor, 1809 

John Quincy Adams ...... 

Clock made by Daniel Balch .... 

Clock made by David Wood . . . , 

Clock made by Samuel MuUiken .... 

Clock made by Thomas H. Balch .... 

Factory of Towle Manufacturing Co., 1905 
Bayley's wharf . ...... 

Old sail-loft 

Horse and chaise ...... 

Comb factory of W. H. Noyes & Bro. company 
Map of Newburyport, 1830 .... 

Market house, 1850 ...... 

Market house and dock ..... 

Map of Newburyport harbor, 1826 

City hall, 185 1 

Map of Newbury, Newburyport and West Newbury, 1S50 
Map of Newburyport, 1905 ..... 

Frog pond ........ 

St. Paul's church yard ...... 

.Statue on Atkinson common ..... 

Elisha P. Dodge 

9 



Page 22 
28 
29 

59 

63 

67 

68 

80 

100 

106 

121 

126 

129 

131 
132 

133 

i3« 
144 

151 
155 
165 
165 
168 
168 
172 
176 
177 
178 
180 

185 
1 88 
189 

195 
203 
205 
208 
212 
216 
220 
223 



lO 



A/.IPS AND ILLUSTRATIONS 



Bartlett Spring pumping station 

Anna Jaques ...... 

William C. Todd ...... 

Anna Jaques hospital ..... 

Almshouse erected in i88S .... 

Young Men's Christian Association Imildmg . 
At work on the jetties ..... 

Constructing the jetties .... 

Meetinghouse of the First Religious society 

Steeple of the meeting house 

Erasurers in Prayer Book, St. PauTs church 

Call for the Episcopal convention held in Boston m January, 1791 

St. Paul's church, 1801 .... 

Tablet to Bishop Bass . . ■ . . 

First Presbyterian meeting house, 1829 . 

First Presbyterian meeting house, 1905 . 

Order written and signed by Rev. Samuel Spring 

Ruins of the North Congregational meeting house, Match, 1861 

North Congregational meeting house, 1905 

Paul Revere's bill; Church bell, 1795 

Prospect Street meeting house 

Harris Street meeting house 

Green Street Baptist meeting house 

Purchase Street meeting house 

Washington Street meeting house 

Church of the Immaculate Conception 

Interior of the Church of the Immaculate Concepiio 

Fourth Parish meeting house in Newbury 

Meeting house of the Belleville Congregational society 

Church of St. Aloysius de Gonzaga 

Schoolhouse at southeasterly end of Bartlet mall 

Schoolhouse at northwesterly end of Bartlet mall 

David Perkins Page ..... 

Female High .School house .... 

Brown High School house .... 

Map of Newburyport, 1843 .... 

Map of Newburyport from Marlborough to Jefferson streets, 1900 
Green street ...... 

Plan of Merrill street, 1774 . 

Water street from Federal to State street, 1791 

Newburyport and Salisbury ferry 

Bridge from Deer island to Salisbury 

Essex-Merrimack bridge .... 

Newburyport and Salisbury bridge, 1827 
Newburyport and Salisbury bridge, 1840 
Newburyport and Salisbury bridge, 1875 
Newburyport and Salisbury bridge, 1903, (two views) 
Wolfe tavern, 1764 ..... 

Advertisement, Newburyport Sun hotel 



MAPS AND ILLUS7 RA710NS 



Eastern Railroad depol, 1840 . . , 

Eastern Railroad depot, 1854 

Eastern Railroad depot, 1892 

City Railroad from Lower Long whaif 

Daniel Foster ...... 

Boston Massacre, from a plate engraved by Jonathan MuUiken 
Ship Dreadnaught ..... 

Launching of the ship ..... 

Building of the ship John Currier 

Ship John Currier in Honolulu harbor 

Title-page of Catechism printed in 1694 .... 

Psalm tunes from the Singing Book compiled by Rev. John Tufts 
Psalm tunes from the Singing Book compiled by Daniel Bayley 
Frontispiece to the Newburyport collection of Sacred Music 
Title-page of the New England Primer ..... 

Second page of the New England Primer .... 

Title-page of Catechism printed in 1797 .... 

The Essex Journal and Merrimack Packet, 1773 

The Essex Journal and the Massachusetts and New Hampshire G 

Advertiser, 1784 ........ 

The Essex Journal and New Hampshire Packet, 1786 
Impartial Herald, 1793 ....... 

The Newburyport Herald and Country Gazette, 1797 
Merrimack Gazette and Essex Advertizer .... 

The Free Press ......... 

People's Advocate, and Commercial Gazette 

Public Library building ....... 

Fac simile of letter signed by Benjamin Greenleaf 

Tristram Dalton ......... 

Jonathan Jackson ........ 

Autograph of Col. Edward Wigglesworth .... 

Fac simile of part of the petition to the General Court signed by Joh 

Nathaniel Tracy and others ...... 

Capt. Offin Boardman ....... 

Nathaniel Tracy ......... 

Souvenir spoon: " Yankee Hero " 

Certificate of release of Capt. William Nichols 

Endorsement on back of certificate . . . • . 

Privateer Brig Harpy ...... 

Capt. William Nichols . ... 



Page 400 
401 

402 
404 

417 
428 

455 
458 
462 
465 
472 
475 
477 
481 
490 
491 

493 
502 

504 
506 
508 
510 
5" 
513 
514 
525 
542 
568 

574 
583 



Tracy, 



591 
615 
623 
624 
652 

653 
662 
66^ 



History of Newburyport 



CHAPTER I. 

1 764-1 774. 

For fifty years after the ineorporation of Newbury, in 1635, 
the inhabitants of that town were Inisily engaged in tilling the 
soil and in stock raising. After the division of " the upper 
woods." in 1686, the territory between Parker river, on the 
south, Merrimack river on the north. Plum Island ri\er on the 
east, and the town of Bradford on the west, was owned 
and occupied, almost entirely, h\ farmers. 

The development of shi]i building and foreign commerce 
led to the introduction of other industries, and subsequently 
attracted many merchants, mechanics and seafaring men to 
that part of the town called "■ the water side " between what 
was then Cottle's lane, now Bromfield street, Newburyport, 
and the boundary line between the Third and Fifth ]iarishes 
in Newbury, now Oakland street, Newburyport. 

A contest over the location and erection of a new town 
and court-house, for the use of the County of Esse.x and the 
inhabitants of Newbury, culmmated in the purchase of land 
and the erection of a building on P'ish, now State street, 
Newburyport, by some of the inhabitants of the third parish 
in Newbury,' in 1762, and in the presentation of the follow- 
ing petition to the General Court, twelve months later. 

To his Excellency P'rancis Bernard E.sq. Governor & Commander in 
Chief in and over said Province To the Honorable his Majesties 
Council & house of Representatives in General Court assembled : 

The Memorial of the Subscribers hereto, Inhabitants in & about that 
part of the town of Newbury' called the Water side, Humbly Sheweth : 

That ye said Town of Newbury is Large & Extensive, That that part 
of it where the memorialists Dwell is Become thick Settled & Very 
Populous. That the inhabitants are chiefly Merchants, Traders, Mari- 

' History of Newbury (Currier), p. 243, 

13 



14 



HIS TOR Y OF NE WB UR YPOR T 



ners & Artificers, those of the other parts of the town mostly husbandmen. 
That thro" an unaccountable & Strange opinion of things, there subsists 
on that account among some and many of the Inhabitants, a certain 
Jealousy as to their public affairs & a high spirit of opposition which is 
a continual source of uneasiness & disquietude. And as the Inhabitants 
in the outer parts & parishes are more numerous than at the Water side 
they carry the vote in the affairs of the town & conduct the business of 
it in a way very different from tlie sentiments of your memorialists about 
those things concerning which the Memoralists & others Inhabitants of 
the Water side, have great occasion of complaint on account of the 
several things hereafter mentioned of which they have not the least 
prospect of Redress but from your Excellency & Honours & that by a 
Division of the town into separate Communities & that part of it by 
your Excellency tS: Honors be sett & Erected into a District — and your 
Memorialists beg leave to observe to your Excellency & Honours some 
of the difficulties & grievances they labour under in the present state 
of the town, and they mention in the first place the want of public 
schools at the Water side for the instrviction of children and youth, 
as before obsen'ed that part of the town is become populous. Three 
places of publick worship for ye people being there & a sufficient num- 
ber of Inhabitants for three considerable assembhes & consequently a 
great number of children & youth to be taught & Instructed. Yet there 
is not one fixed stated school (but movable ones only) nor a Public 
School house in that part of the town and no judicious person acquainted 
with the place but what will judge two fixed and stated schools (at least 
a Gramar School & Reading & writing schools) absolutely necessary for 
the instruction of the children & youth there. And it is a great grief to 
yr Memorialists & every well disposed person, to see great numbers of 
children among them whose parents are not able to be at ye expense of 
private schooling (as in populous places there are many such) brovight 
up in ignorance idleness & instead of being hereafter useful members of 
the Commonwealth, bid fair to be the reverse ; also fire engines so nec- 
essary for the preservation of populous places, the town do not provide 
(and there is not the least reason to think in their present state they ever 
will) & some of ye Memorialists for their own & the safety of the place 
have been obliged to lay out and expend large sums of money for those 
necessary machines which they conceive ought to be provided at ye 
public expense as they are in such places of publick & general use. On 
the other hand most of the charge and expense in repairing the roads 
and highways in the town is expended in the out })arts & upon roads 
chiefly used by the inhabitants there & for their particular good. The 
memoralists cannot be excused from their part of the charge under that 
head but annuallv are taxed & pay very large sums of money for that 
puipose & it is supposed sufficient for the suport of the schools before 



PETITION FOR NEW TOWN 



15 



mentioned as the memoralists & ye other inhabitants at the Water side 
pay the greater part of the pubhck charge & if the remote parts of the 
town think themselves too distant to have any advantage of the schools 
& fire engines before mentioned & so think it unreasonable to be at any 
expense therefor. The memorialists who are now actually suffering on 
that account can't but humbly hope, Your Excellency «& Honours will 
put them in such circumstances as they may be enabled as a community 
to provide them. And as to the publick affairs in other particulars. 
The Memorialists humbly think there is great reason of complaint : 
Namely, there is no town treasurer, nor can they prevail to have such an 
officer chosen distinct from the selectmen notwithstanding the express 
directions of the Province laws in that case & ye apparent necessity of 
such an officer for the regular managing of & accounting for the publick 
monies & especially in a society where very large sums are annually 
raised & appropriated to publick use as in the case here, for some years 
above a thousand pounds lawful money for the use of the town, besides 
fines & forfeitures & monies coming to the use of the town in other 
ways, but such an officer by some & even by the majority is said to be 
useless & of no necessity or convenience & only a charge to the town, & 
the selectmen can do better in that station : And the memorialists can't 
but conceive that a Treasurer here is absolutely necessary as it has been 
3'e practice of the selectmen, illegally & arbitrarily to assess more than 
by law they ought, even one year, viz : 1761, ^ 465 lawful money more 
than by law they ought to have done. But the memorialists & others 
agrieved thereat would have willingly passed by such a deviation from 
right, if an open & fair account could have been adjusted & reported of 
the disposal of the publick monies bv the committee for that purpose 
appointed. 

They are more fully confirmed in the necessity of a town treasurer & 
more so, as before the last annual meeting for the choice of town officers 
it was given out by those who used to oppose it that one should be 
chosen & that the grievances complained of by the memorialists should 
be rectified but not withstanding no Treasurer was chosen & instead of 
doing anything to remove the cause of the Memorialists complaint went 
into such measurers as apparently tended to increase them. 

Your Memorialists are sensible that illegal taxes are not binding & 
that actions at law may in that case be brought, but they rather choose 
to put up with the grievance than take that method on a reasonable pros- 
pect of having the cause of the complaints removed which they humbly 
hope your Excellency & Honours will do, and your Memorialists humbly 
think they have a right to a fair & proper disposal of the publick monies 
as they pay a very large share of the publick taxes, some of them annual- 
ly and as they with the other inhabitants in that part of the town pay 
the greater part of the publick charges of the town, which they conceive 



i6 



HIS TOR Y OF NE WB UR YPOR T 



ought not & would not be the case in such degree if a due proportion 
of the selectmen & assessors were chosen from that part of the town who 
must be better knowing to the trade, commerce & particular circum. 
ances of individuals, than the more remote, yet but one selectmen from 
that part of ye town has been chosen for many years past, or can l)e 
obtained, altho' for the present year seven were chosen for the town. 

The Memorialists prav vour Excellency &: Honors indulgence for thus 
tresspassing on vour patience & beg leave only to mention as an instance 
of ye prevailing & growing spirit of jealousy & opposition before men- 
tioned : the present state of the town relative to ye new Court house 
latelv built at ye Water side by the County & the people there, which 
altho" most conveniently situated as well for the use of 3-e town & county 
as has once & again been voted by the Court of sessions with respect to 
(he Count^' large & capacious enough for the whole town, whereas the old 
house is not so well situated for publick convenience, yet the town as yet 
have not & we suppose will not meet in it, which the Memorialists can 
not but think proceeds from a party spirit which is so diffused & become 
so general in some parts of the town, that it is a sufificient objection with 
them to any measure proposed,or thing done, tho" ever so just & reasonable 
in its nature, that ye Water side proposed or did it. Wherefore, upon 
the whole, vour Memorialists huml^ly pray, your Excellency & Honors 
would take the premises into consideration & as the Memorialists can't 
in the least see any reasonable prospect for the removal of ye complaints 
,.\: grievances before mentioned, in the present situation of the town, 
thev, therefore, pray the same may be divided (S: separated by such 
bounds &: limits as to this Cireat & General Court shall seem fitt & that 
a committee may be appointed to determine the same, or that your Excel- 
lency & Honors would otherwise relieve vour Memorialists as in your 
great wisdom you shall think fit & they as in duty bound will ever pray. 



William Jenkins 
Enoch Titcomb 
Ofifin Board man 
John Boardman 

Andrew 

Richard Kent 
Richard Kent, Jvm. 
Joseph Remick 
James Carr 

Nathaniel 

( ; eo rge B u rrough 
Rali)h Cross Jun 
.\bner (ireenleaf 
Nathil Montgomery 
Stephen Wyatt 



Thoms Follinsbe 
John Kent 
Benjamin Davis 
Lawrence Furlong 
Joseph Collins 
Joseph Warner 
Nelson Ratcliffe 
Richard Lowell 
Benjamin Crocker 
Joseph Atkins 
Mich ; Dal ton 
I'hil : White 
Dani l'"arnham 
W"i Atkins 
Thorns Woodbridire 



Henry Titcomb 
Benaiah Young 
Jona Bradbury 
John Stickney 
Amos Pearson 
Parker Noyes 
Nathan Hoyt 
Jona Whitmore 
Matthew Pettengell 
Joseph E^dwards 
Wvmond Bradbury 
Samuel Coker 
Samuel N a veil 
Joseph Hoyt 
Joseph Moulton 



PETITIOX FOR NEW TOWN 



17 



Jeremiah Ualton 
Francis Rust 
- Cutting Bartlet 
Obadiah Horton 
Enoch Titcomb Jun 
Charles Hodge 
John Newman 
B. Greenleaf Jun 
Benja Harris 
Joseph Titcomb 
Dudley Atkins 
Benja Frothingham 
Ichabod Woodman 
Makepiece Horton 
Abell Merrill 
James Chase 
Wm McHard 
Isaac Johnson Jini 
John Harbert 
Benjamin Pidgeon 
Sommerby Moody 
Jos : Cireenough 
James Jewet 
Thomas Todd 
Mark Fitts 
Thomas Beck 
Henry Chipman 
Moses Nowell 
Joshua Greenleaf 
Stephen Cross 
Joseph Stickney 
( ieorge Goodhue 
Joseph Goodhue 
Joshua Norton 
\Villiii Stickney 
Edmund Bartlet 
Daniel Bayley 
Nehemiah Haskill 
Caleb Haskill 
l'"rancis Greenleaf 
Joseph Pearson 
Mayo Greenleaf 
Samuel Titcomb 
Daniel Balch 



Patrick Tracy 
John Sprague 
Danl Marquand 
Ralph Cross 
[illegible] 
Anthony Gwvnn 
John Harris 
Jacob Boardman 
Ebenezr Lowell 
William Hazen 
Tristram Dal ton 
William Davenport 
Samll Tufts 
Joseph Woodbridge 
Hezekiah Collins 
John Dummer 
Benja Davis 
Jona Pearson 
Robert Roberts 
Jona Titcomb 
John Rogers 
Stephen Moody 
John Donnell 
Nathli Hunt 
Samuel Emerson 
David Cutler 
John Tarbox 
Stephen Sewall 
Samll Newhall 
Robert Rogers 
Jeremh Pearson Jun 
John Sewall 
Joseph Swasev 
Michael Toppan 
Parker Titcomb 
Bulkley Emerson 
John Stone 
Abraham Gallashon 
Benjamin Choate 
WiUiani Moulton 
Will Moreland 
Hezekiah Coleby 
Francis Haskill 
Ezra Howard 



Caleb Toppan 
Moses Todd 
Samuel Swasey 
Samuel Shackford 

[illegible] 
Joseph Noyes Jun 
Enoch Toppen 
Richard Toppan 
John Toppan 
Samuel Bayley 
Cutting Moody 
Adam Cogswell 
John Stickney Jun 
Jonathan Dole 
Robert Jenkins 
Samuel Kenney 
Francis Holiday 
Benja Dole 
Jona Dole Jun 
Wm Starkey 
Joseph Sampson 
Jacob (iiddins 
Enoch Moss 
Benja Pike 
John Stickney 
Daniel Somerbv 
Thomas Bartlet 
Thomas Merrill Jun 
James Horton 
Diamond Currier 
John Titcomb 
Edward Newell 
WiUiam Weed 
Clement Kent 
Hezekiah Coleby 
Joseph Somerbv 
Joseph Hoyt Jun 
Moses Hoyt Jun 
Edmund Morse 
Samuel Cresev 
Samuel Toppan 
Edmund Greenleaf 
Moses George 
Moses Dole 



niS TOR \ ' OF NE IV B UK 3 'FOR T 



John Wood 
John Woodman 
Thorns Wood 
Uaniel Coffin 
Jona March 
WilHam Knap 
Daniel Poor 
Jeremh Pearson 
James Lenox 
Wm Stockman 
Paul Noyes 



Makepiece Coleby 
Joshua Coleby 
Josiah Titcomb 
Enoch Plumer 
David Whitmore 
Enoch' PiLsbury 
Daniel Collins 
Edmund Morss Jun 
Theophilus Bradbury 
John Plumer 



John Lewis 
Francis Cresey 
Thomas Pindar 
John Butler 
John Horton 
Roland Stockman 
Enoch Stickney 
Daniel Horton 
Samuel Horton 
Henry Sleeper 



The dividing line prayed for is humbly proposed to begin at Merri- 
mack river at ye westwardly bounds there of the Third Parish in New- 
hviYy and so to run back (as the dividing line of the third &: tifth parish- 
es doth) to a brook in the Great Pasture there & so as the said brook 
runs toward Pearsons Mills to the Stone bridge & from thence to the 
river Parker & thence southwardly to the Rowley line 



WM Atkixs 
Daniel Farnham 
Mich : Dalton 
Thomas Woodbridge 
Patrick Tra( v 



/// lu'/ta/f 

of thcinsclvt's 

&^ tilt other 

ineinflrialists ' 



In answer to this petition the General Coiu't passed the 
following order, June lO, 1763 : — 

A Petition of A number of the Inhabitants in and about that part of 
the Town of Newbury called the Water side — Setting forth the exten- 
siveness of the said Town which renders it very proper that it should be 
divided, and as the Inhabitants of one Part of said Town are mostly 
Farmers and of the other principally Merchants, Tradesmen, and Sea- 
Faring Persons : and as the Interests of said Parties are so different, and 
in some respects opposite. Praying that they may be divided and Sep- 
arated by such Bounds & Limits as this Court shall think proper, and 
that they would appoint a committee to determine the same. 

In Council Read and Ordered that the Petitioners notify the Town 
of Newburj- by Serving the Town Clerk with a Copy of this Petition 
that Ihey show cause (if any they have) on the second Tuesday of the 
next Sitting of this Court why the Prayer thereof should not be granted. 

In the House of Representatives Read and Concurred. - 

Town of Newbury Records, pp. 155-159. 
^ Mass. Archives (Court Records), vol. XXV., p. 48; Province Laws, vol. IV., 



PETITION FOR NEW TOWN 



19 



Another petition was presented to the General Court the 
same day, by some of the inhabitants of Newbury residinii^ 
at the west end of the town, humbly praying that the terri- 
tory between the Artichoke river and the Bradford line might 
be set off and made a separate district. 

A Petition of a number of the Inhabitants of the Westerly part of 
the Town of Newbury, Praying that in Consideration of the large extent 
of the Town and the disadvantages resulting therefrom they may be 
made a separate District bounded as follows vizt from the west- 
erly end of said Town upon Merrimack River rvmning to the mouth of 
Artichoak 1-iiver, so called, and to nm as that River runs to Rogers' 
Milldam, and then to run such a Line as will Comprehend the extent of 
the Second and Fourth Parishes of said Town, or that they may be other- 
wise reheved.' 

An order of notice, similar to the one above quoted, was 
adopted by the General and the town Court, of Newbury was 
ordered to appear at the time and place appointed " to show 
cause why the prayer of the petitioners should not be granted." 

One article in the warrant, signed by the selectmen, for a 
meeting of the inhabitants of Newbury to be held October 20, 
1763, reads as follows : — 

to choose some person or persons to make answer to a petition 
Preferred to ye Great & General Court of this Province for Dividing 
this town into Several Towns or Districts signed by Joseph Atkins & 
others ... & one other Petition signed by Tristram Coffin & 
others — Laid before said Court at their Last session.- 

On the day named the subject was considered and a com- 
mittee apix)inted to attend the hearing at the ne.xt session of 
the General Court. 

Voted & Chose John Brown, Esq., Mr Joseph Cottle, Mr Edmund 
March, D" Thomas Moody, Capt Stephen Emer\' & Maj'" Samuel Ger- 
rish, a committee to answer to the memorial above mentioned at ye 
Great & General Court of this province at their next session, & to Give 
their Reasons why the prayer of said memorials should not be Granted. 3 

' Mass. Archives (Court Records), vol. XXV., p. 48; Province Laws, vol. 
IV., p. 698. 

- Town of Newbury Records (1731-17S5), p. 153. 
' Town of Newbury Records (1731-1785), p. 154. 



2 o HIS TOR Y OF NE IV B I 'R YPOR T 

Tuesday, January 3, 1764, the subject was again considered 
by the General Court : — 

The following Order passed on the Petition of Sundry Inhabitants 
of the town of Newbury, Praying that Said Town may be divided as 
entered lot'i June vizt: 

In the House of Representatives : Read again together with the 
Answer of the Town of Newbury, And Ordered That M'' Trowbridge, 
Judge Russell, Capt Taylor of Southborough, Mr Tyler and Mr Brown 
of Salem with such as the Honorable Board shall join, be a committee to 
consider the Petition and Answer, and other Papers accompanying the 
same, hear the Parties and Report what thev judge proper for the Court 
to do thereon. 

In Council, Read and concurred, and a committee on the part of the 
Board is joined in the affair.' 

[Friday, January 6, 1764.] The Committee appointed the y^ Instant 
on the Petition of Sundry Inhabitants of the Town of Newbury having 
made report the following order passed thereon vizt : 

In Council Read and Accepted and Ordered That Benjamin Lincoln 
and Nathaniel Ropes, Escps. with such as the honorable House shall 
join be a Committee to repair to Newbury, view the situation and con- 
sider the circumstances of the Town, hear the Parties and report. 

In the House of Representatives, Read and Concurred and Royall 
Tyler, Samuel Livermore and Ezra Taylor Escjuires are joined in the 
affair.- 

[Januar\ 20, 1764.] The Committee appointed the C)th instant to 
repair to Newbury view the situation and consider the circumstances of 
the Town in Consequence of a Petition of a Number of the Inhabitants 
for a division of the said Town made report, whereupon the following 
passed viz*. 

In Council read Accepted and Ordered That the same Committee 
bring in a Bill accordingly. 

In the House of Representatives Read and Concurred..! 

Three days later (January 23, 1764) the committee reported 
a bill establishing the bounds and limits of a new town " at 

' Mass. Archives (Court Records), vol. XXV., p. 114; Province Laws, vol. 
IV., p. 698. 

- Mass. Archives (C'mrt Records), vol. XX\'., p. 117; Province Laws, vol. 
IV., page 698. 

•' Mass. Archives (Court Records), vol. XX\'., p. 140; Provirce Laws, vol. 
IV., p. 698. 



ACT OF INCORPORATION 2t 

the water-side '" in Newbury.' The legislative title and full 
text of this Bill, which became a law of the Province of Mas- 
sachusetts Bay, with the approval of the Governor, February 
4, 1 764, is as follows : — 

AN ACT FOR ERECTIXfi I'AKT OF THE TOWN OF NEWBURY INTO A 
NEW TOWN liV THE NAME OF NEWISL'R VPORT. 

Whereas the town of Newbury is very large, and the inhabitants of 
that part of it who dwell by the water-side there, as it is commonly called, 
are mostly merchants, traders and artificers, and the inhabitants of the 
other parts of the town are chiefly husbandman ; by means whereof many 
difficulties and disputes have arisen in managing their public affairs, — 

Be it enacted by the Governor, Council and House of Representatives, 

That that part of the said town of Newbury, and the inhabitants there- 
of, included within the following line ; namely, beginning at Merrimack 
River, against the northeastwardly end of the town wav commonly called 
Cottle's Lane, and nmning, as the said lane doth, on the eastwardly side 
of it, to the highway commonly called the High Street ; and so westward- 
ly, as the said highway runs, on the northwardly side thereof, till it comes 
to a town way known by the name of Fish Street ; and thence, south- 
westwardly, as the waj' goes, and on the eastwardly side thereof, leading 
by Benjamin Moodey's, to a place called the West Indies, until it inter- 
sects a streight line drawn, from the southwardly side of the highwav 
against Cottle's Lane aforesaid, to a rock in the great pasture near the 
dividing line between the third and fifth parishes there : and so, as the 
streight line goes, until it comes to the dividing line aforesaid ; and from 
thence, as the said dividing line runs, by the said fifth parish, down to 
Merrimack River, and thence, along said river, to the place first men- 
tioned, — be and hereby are constituted and made a seperate and distinct 
town by the name of Newburjport, and vested and endowed with all the 
powers, priviledges and immunities that the inhabitants of any of the 
towns within this province do or ought by law to enjoy ; save that they 
shall have the right of chusing and sending, from time to time, but one 
person to represent them in the great and general court of this province. - 

And whereas the whole town of Newbury were, by law, impowered to 
send two representatives to the general court, — 

Be it further enacted, 

That the inhabitants of the remaining part of the town of Newbvu-y 

'Mass. Archives (Court Records), vol. XXV., pp. 144-155. 

-The map on the next page, reproduced from the original copy on file in the 
Massachusetts Archives (Town Plans, vol. n.,partl), although drawn in 1795 gives 
the hounds and limits of Newburyport as they were when the town was incorpo- 
rated in 1764. 




&& so lOO 



ACT OF IXCORPORATION 



23 



aforesaid, shall, for the future, have a right to chuse and send no more 
than one person to represent them, from time to time, in the great and 
general court of this province : any law, usage or custom to the contrary 
notwithstanding. 

And be it further enacted, 

That the assessments heretofore made on the inhabitants of the undi- 
\ided town of Newbury, bv the assessors, are hereby ratified and con- 
firmed, notwithstanding any deficiency therein ; and the several collectors 
to whom they were committeed are hereby required and impowered to 
levy and collect the same, anything in this act to the contrary. 

And be it further enacted, 

That the selectmen of the undivided town of Newbury, who from time 
to time, have acted as treasurers, shall make a fair settlement and adjust- 
ment of their accounts ; and if any ballance shall be remaining in their 
hands, the inhabitants of the town of Newburyport shall have and receive 
their just and due proportion thereof ; and if, upon such settlement, the 
undivided town of Newburv shall be in arrears, the inhabitants of the 
town of Newbur}i3ort shall pav their just and due proportion thereof. 

And be it further enacted, 

That the inhabitants of Newbur)-port shall pay to the inhabitants of 
the seperate town of Newburv, their just and ecjual proportion of the 
public buildings that, on this division, shall fall within the limits of New- 
burvport aforesaid : and that the inhabitants of the separate town of New- 
bury shall pay to the inhabitants of Newbur\port, their just and ecjual 
proportion of the public buildings that on this division, are not within the 
limits aforesaid : the several proportions aforesaid to be settled and 
adjusted according to the province ta.\ which was laid by the assessors 
next after the last valuation taken. 

And be it further enacted. 

That the inhabitants of Newburvport shall from time to time, amend 
and repair a certain bridge over the river Artichoke, which they will have 
occasion frecjuently to pass and repass, altho the same bridge is not in- 
cluded within the limits of Newburyport aforesaid. 

And be it further enacted. 

That nothing in this act shall any way affect, change or alter any of 
the lines of the several parishes within what was heretofore the town of 
Newbury, but that the same shall be and remain as heretofore by law 
established, anything in this act to the contrarv notwithstanding. 

And be it further enacted. 

That the inferior court of common pleas, and the court of general ses- 
sions of the peace, by law appointed to be held at Newbury on the last 
Tuesday of September annually, shall for the future be held in Newbury- 
port on the last Tuesdav of September annuallv, and to all intents and 
puiposes shall be considered as when held in the town of Newbuiy as 
aforesaid, any law to the contrary notwithstanding. 



24 ^IS TOR y OF NE \VB UK YPOR T 

And be it further enacted, 

That John Choate, Esq., be and hereby is directed and impowered to 
issue his warrant to some principal inhabitant of NewburA-jjort, requiring 
him to notify and warn the inhabitants of the said Newl^urAport, quahfied 
by law to vote in town affairs, to meet at such time and place as shall 
therein be set forth, to chuse all such officers as any of the towns within 
this province by law have a right to chuse, which officers shall take the 
respective oaths by law required by them to be taken. 

And be it further enacted. 

That if any person or persons heretofore belonging to the undivided 
town of Newbury aforesaid, and removed from thence, and shall be 
returned thither again, and become a public charge, the same shall be 
paid by the two towns aforesaid, in proportion to the province ta.x laid 
on them from time to time. (Passed Januarv 2S,' 1764.).- 

'Signed February 4, according to the record. 

■-'Province Law.s, 1763-64, vol. IV, chap. 20, p. 676. 

At the end of the last Session an Act passed for dividing the Town of New- 
bury into two to be called Newbury and Newbury Port. It has been a constant 
rule with me in dividing old Towns to take care that the number of Representa- 
tives should not be increased. This has generally been done by providing that 
the two new Towns created out of one old Town should join in the election of 
Representatives in the same manner as if they had not been separated, But in the 
present case for good reasons it was ordered otherwise: The old Town of New- 
l)ury had always sent two Members and as of the two New Towns the one was 
composed of Husbandmen and the other of Merchants and therefore their inter- 
ests would be different, It was thought best that each should send one Member 
only, instead of both joining in sending two. And so it was enacted. 

Nevertheless upon the new t lections of the present Assembly, the Town of 
Newbury returned two Members, This was so barefaced a violation of the Law but 
just passed, that I thought I could rot avoid taking notice of it. I accordingly 
directed the Commiss's appointed to administer the Oaths to the House not to 
swear the two Members for Newlnny. This produced, as I expected it would, a 
remonstrance from the House by a Conmiiitee, complaining of a breach of privi- 
ledge for not leaving to them the judgment of the validity of the Elections of their 
own Members. I told them that I did not desire to impeach their priviledges, 
nor did imagine that I had done it in this instance, That the Act which gave ihe 
House the cognizance of the validity of election must be confined to matters that 
were doubtful or disputable in some degree. But where a return appeared upon 
the face of it to be contrary to law, it was no return and ought to be rejected in 
the first instance. That I was obliged to take notice of this by the practice of the 
house which was to postpone the consideration of the returns till after the first day, 
by which means all persons returned, tho' ever so illegally had a vote in the elec- 
tion of Councillors. And if the Governor could not reject returns that were illegal 
on the face of them and the House would not inquire into them l)eforethey entered 
upon business, it followed that any Number of pretended Members might be 
poured in to serve a particular purpose in the election of Councillors who would 
be content to be rejected after they had done the business they came for. If this 
was the Law, it was high time it should be animadverted upon, Upon which sev- 
eral (jentlemen present, who had Ijeen speakers in former Assemblies, declared 
that it was the old usage to examine the returns before they did any business and 
that the postponing it was a very late practice, And the Committee of the House 
all except one said that they believed that the House would, as soon as they were 
sworn, nnmediately proceed upon en(|uiring into this return. Upon which I told 
them that, in confidence that they would do so, I would withdraw my caution and 



FIRST TOWN MEETING 

On the thirty-first da)' of January, John Choatc, one of the 
justices of the peace for the County of Essex, issued the fol- 
lowing warrant : — 

To Daniel Farnam, Esq. one of the principal Inhabitants of the Town 
of Newbiuy Port within the said County of Essex. Greeting : 

Whereas by an act of the Great and General Court of this Province 
made at their session at Cambridge in Jannary A. I). 1764. The Town 
of Newbury is Divided and a New Town constituted out of it by the 
name of Newbur\-port in the County of Essex, and by the same act I, 
the subscriber, John Choate, one of his Majesties Justices of the Peace 
am directed and impowered to issue out my warrant to some ]jrincipal 
Inhabitant in said Town of Newburj- Port recjuiring him to notify and 
warn the inhaljitants of the said Town of Newbury Port, qualified loy law 
to vote in Town affairs, to meet at such time and place as therein 
shall be set forth to choose all such officers as any town in this Province 
by Law have a right to choose : 

These are therefore in Pursuance of said Act to require you to notify 
and warn the Inhabitants of the said Town of Newbury Port to meet at 
the Court House in the said Town of Newl^ury Port on Wednesday the 
Stli Day of February next at ten of the Clock in the forenoon Then and 
there to choose a Moderator, Town Clerk, Selectmen, Town Treasurer, 
Assessors, Overseers of the Poor and all such other officers as any of the 
Towns in the Province by law have a right to choose, and make Return 

Given under my Hand and Seal, at Ipswich, this 31st Day of January 
in the fourth year of his Majesties Reign Anno Domine 1764 

John Choate 

Justice of the Peace. ^ 

let them proceed in their own way. Nevertheless the House upon debate post- 
poned the consideration of this election and left the two Members of Newbury at 
liberty to vote for Councillors, altho' as I have been told, they did not actually 
vote. So that it is now established by formal precedent, that pretended Members 
tho' their return be ever so notoriously illegal, will have the liberty to vote for 
Councillors, before their return is disallowed. 

If the present method of constituting the middle Legislative Body is to be per- 
manent, it would be proper that it should be secured from being abused as much 
as is possible. Its natural and constitutional imperfection which has been con- 
tinually increasing, is enough; new and adventitious disadvantages need not be 
added. I must therefore desire your Lordships's directions how I am to act upon 
a future occasion of the like kind: for if a notion should prevail that all persons 
returned as Members whether legally or not, will have a vote for Councillors, be- 
fore their right of sitting at all can be determined, It is obvious to me, that advan- 
tage will be taken of such a laxity in the Government to serve occasional pur- 
poses. Gov. Bernard to Lords of Trade, June 29, 1764: " Mass. Bay Board of 
Trade, vol. 79, M. m., 5, in Public Record Office." Province Laws, 1763-64, vol. 
IV., p. 698. 

'Town of Newburyport Records, vol. I., p. 5. 



2 6 HI ST OR ] ■ OF XE IV B UR ) FOR T 

On the first day of February the freeholders and other in- 
habitants of Newburyport were notified by Daniel Farnham, 
Esq., to meet at the time and place, and for the purpose, named 
in the warrant ; and having assembled at the Court House, on 
Wednesday, February 8, 1764, they made choice of the io\-_ 
lowing ofificers : — ' 

Michael Dalton Esq. Moderator. 

Mr. Stephen Sewall Town Clerk. 

M'" Stephen Cross, Mr Enoch Titcomb, Jun Mr. Timothy Pike and 
Daniel P^arnham, Esq. Selectmen. 

Mr. Nathaniel Carter Town Treasurer. 

Mr. Jonathan Greenleaf, Dudley Atkins Esq and Mr. Samuel dreen- 
leaf Assessors. 

Mr. Ralph Cross, Capt Patrick Tracy M'' Joseph Cottle, Mr Ebenezer 
Little, and Capt Henry Titcomb, Overseers of the Poor. 

Mr. John Wyat, Mr Edmund More, Jun. and Mr Stephen Wyat, Con- 
stables. 

Mr Joshua Greenleaf (excused) Mr Edmund Bartlet, Richard Green- 
leaf Esq. Mr Cutting Bartlet, Mr Jonathan Titcomb and Mr Samuel Ger 
rish. Fire Wards. 

Capt Cutting Moody, Mr John Stone and Mr Joseph Stickney Culler 
of Staves & Hoops. 

Mr Isaac Johnson, Mr Francis Hollida, Mr Samuel Gerrish, Mr Icha- 
bod Woodman, Mr Samuel Rolf, Mr Samuel Greenleaf, Mr William 
Harvey and Mr Moses Rogers, Surveyors of Lumber. 

Mr Jacob Giddens and Mr Caleb Haskel, Cullers of P'ish. 

Mr Ralph Cross, Capt Cutting Moody and Mr. Cutting Bartlett, 
Wardens. - 

Mr. Samuel Tufts, Mr Ebenezer Greenleaf, Capt Jeremiah Pearson 
Capt Cutting Moody, and Capt William Davenport, Clerks of the Market 

Mr. Edmund Bartlet and Mr John Kent, Sealers of Leather. 

Mr. John Harris, Hay Ward. 

Mr. Samuel Titcomb, Mr William McHard and Deacon Thomas 
Moody, Surveyors of the High Way. 

Mr. Thomas Bartlet, Mr Enoch Pilsbury, Mr Samuel Toppen and Mr 
Samuel Rolf Hogreeves. 

Deacon John Kent and Mr William Price Fence Viewers. 

Capt Jeremiah Pearson, Sealer of Weights & Measures. 

Mr. James Hidden Informer of Deer. 

' Nfwburyport Town Records, vol. I., p. 7. 

^ It was the duty of the wardens to advise with and instruct the constables in 
regard to the eniorcemcnt of the laws. 



MERCANTILE AND COMMERCIAL AFFAIRS 27 

At that date bituminous coal was used in Newburyport to 
a limited extent. It was probably imported from England or 
from Newfoundland and Cape Breton. Jacob Giddens and 
Caleb Haskell were chosen measurers of salt and sea coal 
March 15, 1764; Stephen Wyatt and Capt. John Currier were 
elected March 19, 1765 ; Stephen Wyatt, Capt. John Currier 
and Samuel Rolfe, March 18, 1766, and Stephen Wyatt, Capt. 
John Currier, Samuel Rolfe and Paul Shackford, March 24, 
1767.' 

There is no record of the election of tithingmen until June 
12, 1787, when William Bartlet, Capt. Joseph Titcomb and 
Joseph Cutler were chosen. After that date, however, it was 
customary to elect at least three tithingmen annually. The 
number was increased from year to year until March 27, 1837 
when Paul Simpson, John Moody, Tristram Chase, W^illiam 
Forbes, Obadiah Horton, Enoch Smith, William B. Bannister, 
Nathaniel Follansbee, Nathaniel Foster, Nathaniel Bayley, 
Charles H. Balch, Ebenezer Stone, Stephen E. Cutter, John 
Cooper, David E. Cutter and Samuel Rundlett were 
chosen. It was voted " inexpedient to elect tithingmen" at 
the annual meeting held March 15, 1838, and none were 
elected after that date. 

MERCANTILE AND COMMERCIAL AFFAIRS 

When Newburyport was incorporated, in 1764. it was 
bounded on the northeast by the Merrimack river and on the 
other three sides by the town of Newbury. In territorial ex- 
tent it was the smallest town in the Commonwealth, having 
only six hundred and forty-seven acres of land, three hundred 
and fifty-seven dwelling houses, and a population not exceed- 
ing two thousand, eight hundred and eighty-two men, women 
and children. 

There were three ship yards in the town at that date, one 

' Samuel Coffin advertised in the Essex Journal and New Hampshire Packet 
May 2j, 1787, " Sea Coal for sale near St. Paul's Church in Newburyport " ; and 
John Stickncy announced in the same paper, Ociober 15, 1788, that he was 
ready to supply customers with bar iron, " Sea coal " and painters' colors. In 
1790 David Coffin had the best Virginia coal for sale at his store opposite the 
Rev. Mr. Murray's meeting house. 



2 8 HIS TOR Y OF NE IVB UR YPORT 

at the foot of Kini;', now Federal street, one at the foot of 
Queen, now Market street, and one at the Market house 
landing called " the middle ship yard." Cordage factories, 
employing' from twenty-five to fifty hands, produced from two 
to three hundred tons of white lines and tarred cordage annu- 
ally. As early as 1748 Capt. John Crocker was granted 
permission to erect a rope walk near Frog pond, and sub- 
sequently several others were erected between Cottle's 
lane, now Bromfield street, and Ordway's lane, now Market 




street. John Tracy was a manufacturer of cordage near the 
Quaker burying ground, before Washington street was laid 
out between Winter and Boardman streets. His letters and 
bills of sale were embellished with an aj^propriate heading en- 
graved on copper, as above." 

The im[)ortation of molasses from the West India islands 
was active and prosperous and the distillation and exporta- 
tion of New England rum occupied the time and attention of 
many merchants and seafaring men. 

' From a bill-head now in the possession of Mr. Eugene Noyes of .\niesbury. 



MERCANTILE AND COMMERCIAL AFFALRS 



29 



"The Portsmouth Flying Stage Coach," owned by John and 
Bartholomew Stevens, drawn by six horses and carrying six 
persons inside, came once a week over the ferry at the foot of 
Fish, now State street, on its way to Boston, stopping long- 
enough at Wolfe tavern to allow passengers to quench their 




thirst with a mug of cider or a glass of punch and appease 
their hunger with game from the forest or fish from the sea. 

Although the merchants of Newburyport were largely en- 
gaged in the importation of foreign merchandise at that time, it 
is said there were only three shops where English goods could 
be purchased within the limits of the town. The owners or pro- 



20 HIS TOR Y OF NE WB UR YPOR T 

prietors of these shops were John Harris, Tristram Dalton 
and Patrick Tracy.' 

The map of Newbury port on page 22 drawn by Joseph 
Somerby, in May, 1795, gives the location of the meeting 
houses that were standing in 1764: Rev. John Lowell's in 
what is now known as Market square. Rev. Jonathan Parsons' 
on Federal street, and St. Paul's church on the corner of 
High and Market streets. Rev. Christopher B. Marsh's on 
Titcomb street, built in 1768, is marked No. i, and Rev. 
Charles W.Milton's, on Prospect street, built in 1793, is 
marked No. 2 on the map. 

*' The Beacon Oak " with a cask, surmounted by a weather 
vane, towering above its lofty branches, was probably located 
at or near the point marked 3 on the map. The distances 
from a to b, c, d, e, f, g, etc., are given on the margin of 
the map on file at the State House in Boston but are not of 
suificient importance to be reproduced in the copy made for 
this work. Rev. John Lowell, pastor of the church in Market 
square, died May 15, 1767, and his successor. Rev. Thomas 
Carey of Charlestown, was ordained May 11, 1768. In the 
immediate vicinity of the meeting house in which he officiated, 
most of the shops of the town were located. 

Richard Thompson advertised in the Essex Gazette, pub- 
lished in Salem, Mass., May 19, 1772, "a full assortment of 
drugs and medicines for sale at his shop, at the sign of the 
mortar, near Rev. Mr. Cary's meeting house in Newburyport"; 
and George Deblois advertised blankets, serges, goloshes, tip- 
pets, worsted hose, gloves, nails, glass, powder, hinges, bells, 
brass kettles, hand saws, &c. at the sign of the Golden Eagle, 
near the court house in Newbury port. - 

Mary Fisher sold broadcloth, " Bath Beavers," and other 
articles for women and men's wear at her shop, " just to the 
northward of Rev. Mr. Cary's meeting house, " and Jackson, 
Tracy & Tracy advertised powder, by the barrel, " and a few 
firkins of choice butter for sale," at their place of business 
near the ferry way. 

' History of Newburyport (Gushing), p. 89. 

- Essex Gazette, Aug. 11, 1772 (Essex Institute), and Essex Journal and N. H, 
Packet, Dec 4, 1773 (Am. Antiquarian Society, Worcester). 



PIERS TO MARK THE CHANNEL 



31 



It is also evident from the following advertisement, and 
others that might be quoted, that the social assemblies of 
that day were not neglected and that dancing was not abso- 
lutely prohibited : — 

Edward Hackett of Newbuiy Port begs leave to inform the Public 
that he opens his Dancing School on Tuesday the iith instant, in the 
afternoon, at the Assembly Room. Said Hackett likewise continues his 
school at Portsmouth and Haverhill. Such Ladies and Gentlemen as 
please to send their children to him may depend upon his utmost care to 
have them well instmcted. And likewise those Ladies and Gentlemen 
that chuse to be instructed privately may depend upon his utmost care 
and diligence.' 

PIERS TO MARK THE CHANNEL OF MERRIMACK RIVER. 

March i, 1773, a committee, consisting of Stephen Hooper, 
Nathaniel Carter, and Ralph Cross, was appointed by the 
town of Newbury port to obtain liberty to build a pier or piers 
on the sunken rocks in Merrimack river.- This committee 
reported September fourteenth, as follows : — 

That as said Rocks are a grevous Impediment to the Increasing Nav- 
igation on sd River, your Committee think it advisable to Build one or 
more Piers on them if even at a large expense, and as the Benefits are 
supposed to Affect the Interests of some more than others, and as rais- 
ing money is the most Essential Requisite in this Affair, your Commitee 
have procured subscriptions to the amount of about one hundred & thir- 
ty pounds payable to such Person or Persons as shall be chosen by the 
Town of Newbury Port to receive the same, and as the Building sd Piers 
may be beneficial to the other Towns on said River, your Committee 
think it advisable to make application to some of those Towns for their 
Approbation & Assistance. 3 

Patrick Tracy was appointed treasurer of the fund raised 
for the purpose of building these piers which were probably 
completed during the summer of 1774; the inhabitants of 
Newbury, Salisbury, Amesbury, Bradford and Haverhill con- 
tributing liberally toward the cost of labor and materials. 

' Essex Journal and Merrimack Packet, April 27, 1774 (Boston AthenKum). 
- Newburyport Town Records, vol. L, p. 166. 
•* Newburyport Town Records, vol. L, p. 174. 



32 



HI ST OR \ ■ OF NE WB UR \ FOR 7 



DIVISION OF TOWN PROPERTY. 



At a meeting of the inhabitants of Newburyport, held 
March 15, 1764, a committee was appointed to confer with 
the selectmen of Newbury and make the necessary arrange- 
ments for a dixision of the public property belonging to both 
towns. 

Voted that M'" Ralph Cross, Daniel Farnham, Esq., Dudley Atkins, 
Esq., Richard Greenleaf, Esq., and Capt Robert Roberts, be a committee 
to settle and adjust Accts with the Select Men of Newbury (who have 
hitherto acted as Town Treasurers) this Towns Part and Proportion of the 
monies heretofore raised by the Town of Newbury when undivided, and 
also with respect to the Buildings, Town Stock of Ammunition, belong- 
ing to the Town of Newbuiy before divided and with respect to ever}- 
other matter and thing the said Select Men in any capacity whatsoever 
are obliged to ace' with the town for: In pursuance of the late act of 
the General Court for the Division of the Town of Newburv.' 

The committee were unable to agree with the selectmen of 
Newbury in regard to the valuation of the property and the 
estimated indebtedness of the undixided town. At a meeting 
of the inhabitants of Newburyport, held May 25, 1764, a 
satisfactory settlement of the cjuestions in dispute was declared 
to be im})robable and a motion was made "to petition the 
(ieneral Court to re-unite the towns of Newbur}' and Newbur)'- 
port." The motion, however, was defeated, fiftv-foiu" voting in 
favor, and two hundred and sixty-two against the measure; 
but at the same meeting the demand for more territor}' was 
\'igorously supported and ultimately received the following 
unc|ualified endorsement : — 

\'oted that Daniel Farnham, Esq. Representative for this Town 
apply to the Great & General Court in their approaching Sessions to 
have the Limits and Bounds of this Town of Newburv Port enlarged. - 

For some unknown reason, however, the subject was not 
brought to the attention of the General Court. No reference 
to It can be found in the legislative records and it is certain 
that no change was made until nearly a century later. 

' Newburyport Town Records, vol. I., p. 15. 
- Newburyport Town Records, vol. I., p. 26. 



DIVISION OF TOWN PROPERTY 



33 



In August, 1766, the selectmen of Newbury brought a suit, 
in the inferior court of common pleas, to recover from the 
town of Newburyport its proportion of the unsettled bills and 
unadjusted claims of the undivided town of Newbury. Mr. 
Ralph Cross, Daniel Farnham, Esq., Dudley Atkins, Esq., 
Richard Greenleaf, Esq., and Capt. Robert Roberts, members 
of the committee previously appointed by the inhabitants 
of Newburyport, were instructed to defend the suit at the 
court "to be holden at Newburyport the last Tuesday in 
September."' Daniel Farnham, Esq., attorney for the com- 
mittee appeared at the time and place appointed, and upon 
his motion the suit was dismissed for lack of proper notice 
in serving the writ. 

Another suit, commenced on the fourteenth day of Novem- 
ber following, was dismissed by agreement December 26, 
1767. 

Moses Little Daniel Farnham 

Sami Gerrish Robert Roberts 

John Brown Ralph Cross 

John Lowell 
Agents for Newbury Agents for Newbur\i)ort - 

A small minority of the inhabitants of Newburyport still 
continued to agitate for a repeal of the act of incorporation. 
At a town meeting held March 16, 1768, "the Desire of 
Oliver Mcx^dy & others for a reunion of the T<nvns of New- 
bury & Newbiuy Port " was considered but failed to secure 
the approval of a majority of the voters.-^ 

When the Bill incorporating the town was reported to the 
General Court, in 1764, the name " Newbury Port " was left 
blank and was not inserted until after the Bill had passed to 
be engrossed. •♦ Later, there was evidently some objection to 
the name selected, and subsequently a change was proposed 
and an attempt was made to bring the subject to the attention 

' Newburyport Town Records, vol. I., p. 88. 

- Docket and Court Files, at Salem, for December term, 1767. 

^ Newburyport Town Records, vol., L, p. 119. 

■* Mass. Archives, vol. CXVIIL, pp. 14-19. 



34 



HI ST OR Y OF NE IV B UR VPOR T 



of the General Court. One article in the warrant issued for a 
town meeting to be held January i, 1773, reads as follows : — 

To see if the Town will instruct their Representative to prefer a pe- 
tition to the General Court in their Behalf praying that the name of this 
Town may be altered from Newbur}-port to the name of Portland.' 

This article was favored by a majority of the voters who 
attended the meeting on the day above named, and Jonathan 
Greenleaf, Esq., was instructed to prepare a suitable petition 
to be presented to the General Court at its ne.xt session. After 
further consideration, however, the advocates of the proposed 
change were convinced that it could not be accomplished with- 
out a long struggle, and consented to postpone further action 
until a more convenient season. Jonathan Greenleaf evident- 
ly did not consider it advisable to bring the subject to the atten- 
tion of the General Court, and no further action was taken in 
regard to it by the legal voters of the town. 

STRANGERS. 

Adult persons of either sex, remo\ing from other towns in 
the province, were not allowed to obtam a legal settlement in 
Newbury port unless they were known to be industrious and 
frugal. Owners of dwelling houses, renting them to strangers 
and neglecting to notify the selectmen or town clerk were 
liable to a fine of forty shillings. - 

Mav 30, 1764, the Selectmen gave notice to ye Inhabitants not to 
take into their Houses any strangers without informing the selectmen.3 

Edmund Morse, Jr., one of the constables of Newbur}'port, 
was' ordered, April 29, 1765, to notify several men, women, 
and children, " who have lately come to dwell within this 
town, to depart and leave it ; "^ and two years later the names 
of strangers temporarily residing in the town were care- 
fully taken down and recorded by the selectmen. Notices 

' Newburyport Town Records, vol. I., p. 162. 
- History of Newbury (Currier), pp. 2 1 5-2 17. 
•' Newburyport (Selectmen's) Records. 



STJiANGERS 35 

were sent to those who for various reasons were considered 
objectionable or hkely to be burdensome to the town "that 
they depart the hniits thereof with their children and others 
under their care, if such they have, within fifteen days." 

Similar notices were sent from time to time, until the be- 
ji^inning of the nineteenth century, to improvident and objec- 
tionable persons who came into the town "for the purpose of 
abiding^ there." 

WEIGHT OF BREAD. 

November 4, 1646, the General Court of the Colony of 
Massachusetts Bay ordered "that every baker shall have a 
distinct marke for his bread & keep ye true assise thereof." 
With wheat at three shillini;s per bushel the weight of the 
penny loaf was fixed at 11 1-4 ounces "for ye white," 17 1-4 
ounces "for wheaten " and 23 ounces "for household bread." 
When wheat advanced in price an equitable reduction was 
made in the weight of the loaf." 

In 168 1, liberty to choose, in every town in the colony, three 
persons to fix the price of wheat and bread, was granted by 
the General Court.' The provincial government, under the 
new charter, signed by King William and Queen Mary, super- 
seded the colonial government in 1692, and soon after that 
date the law regulating the price and weight of bakers' bread 
was re-enacted.-^ 

After the incorporation of Newburyport, the selectmen were 
required to post notices once in six months, or oftener, giving 
the variations in the weight of bread according to the condi- 
tion of the wheat market. 

At a meeting of the Selectmen of Newbury Port, ye 26 April 1764, 
first gave order to the Bakers & Clerks of the Market for the assise of 
Bread by putting up notifications of the weight of Bread.4 

The notice issued June 11, 1764 fixed the weight of bread 
as follows : — ^ 

' Mass. Colony Records, vol. II., p. 181. 
- Mass. Colony Records, vol. V., p. 322. 
^Province Laws, vol. I., p. 252. 
'Newburyport (Selectmen's) Records, 



3 6 HIS TOR Y OF NE WB UR YPOR T 

1 penny white loaf o. lbs. S oz. o. dr. 

2 penny white loaf i. o. o. 
4 penny white loaf 2. o. o. 
4 " Brick loaf i. 14. o. 
A Copper Bisket well baked o. 5. o. 

January i, 1765, the selectmen ordered the bakers "to 
mark their Bread & Bisket with the first letter of their Chris- 
tian & the first and last of their sir name, as all Bread & Bis- 
ket will be seized for want thereof ", and the same day gave 
notice that the weight of bread would be as follows : — ' 



I penny- white loaf 





lbs. 


7 oz. 


8 dr. 


2 penny white loaf 


0. 




15- 





4 penny white loaf 


I. 




13- 


•4- 


4 penny Brick loaf 


I. 




1 1. 





A Copper Bisket well baked 


0. 




5- 


0. 



April 4, 1769, John Berry, Edmund Bartlet and William 
Atkins, three of the five selectmen, met the bakers of the 
town, " Messrs Wood, Tell and Kettle," and after conferring 
with them in regard to the law regulating the baking of bread 
placed the following statement on record : — 

That the Selectmen give it as their opinion that the Clerks of the 
Market weigh seven Biskets which, if they weigh as much as the 4^ loaf, 
allowing for the Drying of the Biskets, is agreeable to other Towns. We 
desired the said Bakers to get as soon as may be the assise & custom of 
Bread in Boston & Charlestown which they promised to do.- 

ACADIANS. 

In " Evangeline, A Tale of Acadie," Longfellow has de- 
scribed the sufferings and privations of the Acadian farmers 

' Newburyport (Selectmen's) Records. 

' Newburyport (Selectmen's) Records. 

Capt. Thomas Tannatt was one of the wardens and vestrymen of St. Paul's 
church, Newburyport, from 1743 to 1753. He died in the summer of 1759 leav- 
ing a son, Thomas Tannatt. A sign on which was printed an heraldic device, or 
coat of arms, and the words: " All sorts of Bread made and sold by Thomas Tan- 
natt, 1772," was displayed at a fair held in city hall April 22, 1858, but diligent 
enquiry has failed to elicit any further information in regard to it. Thomas Tan- 
natt removed to Hoston and sold his dwelling house, bake-house and land in New- 
burypoit Nov. 12, 1793. Essex Deeds, book 157, leaf 59. 



ACADIA NS 37 

who were taken, with their wives and children, to the num- 
ber of six thousand in all, from their homes, in 1755, and sent, 
"friendless and hopeless," to towns and villages along the sea 
coast from Massachusetts Bay to Georgia. Some of the 
Acadians, or French Neutrals, as they were called, were placed 
under the care of the overseers of the poor in Newburyport 
when the town was incorporated in 1764.' 

A plan for the removal of these unhappy exiles to Canada 
was submitted to the General Court in 1766 by Francis Ber- 
nard, governor of the Colony of Massachusetts Bay in the fol- 
lowing: messaq-e : — 



Council Chamber, June 9, 1766. 
Gentlemen of the House of Representatives : 

According to the desire of the House last session I sent two Acadians, 
in Feby last, with letters to his Excellency Gov. Murray. One of them 
is since returned & has brought letters from Gov Murray, expressing 
his readiness to receive the Acadians if they shall be transported thither, 
but signifying his inability for want of a proper fund to make any provis- 
ion for them upon their arrival. The Acadians are willing to go & have 
given in lists of those who are ready to the amount of 890 persons. They 
have also given in another petition praying some provision may be made 
for supporting them for a little time after their arrival. All of which I lay 
before you that you may do herein as you shall think most proper. 

Fka Bernakd.- 



In the discussion that followed the reading of the message 
some of the minor details of the plan were severely criticised 
and after prolonged debate the subject was indefinitely post- 
poned. The Acadians, residing in Newburyport and vicinity, 
anxious to return to their friends and countrymen, were not 
disheartened by the failure of the General Court to provide 
funds for their support in Canada. Early in the year 1767 
Joseph Dorsett, in behalf of himself and family, sent the fol- 
lowing communication to the inhabitants of Newburyport : — 



' History of Newbury (Currier), p. 554. 

- Mass. Archives (French Neutrals), vol. XXIV., p. 571. 



3 8 - HIS TOR V OF NE WB UR \ 'FOR T 

Newhury Port, March 23, 1767. 
Gentleinot : — I Joseph Dosset of SaHsbury do humbly Petition to you 
my Fathers for Help or Support for my Family. We are poor Prisoners 
and we hope by the good Providence that we shall return this spring. I 
have four children belonging to this Town. Hope, sirs, you will help me 
as we are poor & nothing to help ovu^selves with in a strange land. We 
must have supply or we must suffer together with all mv familv & I also 
must take care of my aged mother & three sisters. One of them is very 
sickly & can do nothing for a living this many years, & one that is in a 
poor state of health often times. All look to me as I am all the Son & 
Brother that can do for them. A heavy charge without help.' 

In answer to this petition the overseers of the poor were 
authorized ** if they consider it advisible,"' to furnish Joseph 
Dorsett with money sufficient to pay for his transportation to 
Canada with his family.- A few weeks later another petition 
was presented to the selectmen of the town by Peter Dorsett 
for himself and others. The petition was as follows : — 

Newbury Port, May 12, 1767. 
To iJw Gciitlfjiicu Select men for the Tcnuii of Aewhurv Port: 

The Petition of us the Subscribers being some of the People known 
by the name of Neutral French in behalf of ourselves & Familys humbly 
sheweth : — That by the Providence of God being brought from our native 
country into this Province & by the authority of the same put more imme- 
diately under your Care & Protection, having Liberty and opportunity of 
Removing ourselves & Familys to one of His Britanick Majesties Gov- 
ernments in Canada do most gladly accept the same, But being in very 
poor & low Circumstances of Life and not able to pay our Passage and 
lay in Necessarys for the Support of ourselves and Families (being in 
number fifteen) for said voyage most humbly pray that you would be 
pleased to use your Interest & Influence in our Behalf with the Town 
that they may Grant unto us such reasonable Help in Money as that we 
may be enabled to pay our said Passage and lav in Nece.ssaries for said 
Voyage, and as in Dutv bound we shall e\er pray 

his 
Peter x Dorset in Behalf of himself wife & ten Children 
mark 
her 
PiiiLLis X Ballaven in Behalf of herself & two Children^ 
mark 

' Newburyport Town Records, vol. I., p. 102. 
'^ Newburyport Town Records, vol. I., p. loi. 
■'' Newburypoit Town Records, vol. I., p. 107. 



ACADIANS 



39 



Mr. Ebenezer Little, Capt. James Hudson, Tristram Dal- 
ton, Esq., Mr. Jacob Boardman and Mr. Stephen Hooper were 
appointed a committee, May 19, 1767, to consider the prayer 
of the petitioners " and confer with all the neutral French in 
Town and if it appears needful! to make Provision for their 
Transportation to Canada & support on their Passage, they 
are to provide for them as they shall think proper."' 

The petitioners were granted the assistance asked for and 
during the following summer most of the Acadians found their 
way to Canada. 

SMALLPOX AND OTHER CONTAGIOUS DISEASES. 

A few weeks after the incorporation of Newburyport strin- 
gent measures were adopted to prevent the spread of small- 
pox and other contagious diseases in the town. March 17, 
1 764, the selectmen applied to Michael Dalton and Daniel 
P"arnham, justices of the peace, for a warrant which was prompt- 
ly granted, " to take possession of Johnson Lunt's sloop and 
r^rancis Haskell's sloop lately come from Boston where y*^ 
small pox is prevalent." 

April 16, 1764 the selectmen agreed that the con.stable.s should stop 
all vessells, coming from Boston, below the half tide rocks, and order'd 
the sd Constables to see that the sloop Mairmaid that lately came from 
Boston with Freight goods, go below the sd half tide rocks & lay there 
till further orders - 

Two days later the inhabitants of Newburyport voted that 
Mr. Ralph Cross' vessel, '* recently come from Boston," should 
be ordered by the selectmen to go below the half-tide rocks, 
also voted to keep up the guards at the bridges over Parker 
river, " provided the town of Newbtuy pay their j^roportion of 
the charge. "-5 The selectmen promptly ordered Benjamin 
Gerrish and William Morgaridge, guards at the Old Town 
bridge and David Greenleaf, "guard at Thorlo's bridge," to 
continue " to inspect all persons coming from Boston where 
the small pox is prevalent."' 

' Newburyport Town Records, vol. I., p. 107. 
- Newburyport (.Selectmen's) Records. 
•'Newburyport Town Records, vol. I., p. 22. 



40 



HIS TOR V OF NE IV B UR YPOR T 



At a meeting of the selectmen, held May 3, 1764, at Wolfe 
Tavern, Capt. William Davenport, landlord, Henry Chipman, 
one of the constables of Newburyport, was ordered to go to 
the new hospital recently erected in the great pasture in New- 
bury to see if Joseph Marquand and Henry Hudson, who had 
been inoculated with the smallpox, were in a condition to 
return to their families/ At three o'clock in the afternoon of 
the same day the constable reported that he had examined the 
persons named and found them restored to health and thorough- 
ly disinfected. They were therefore granted permission, by 
the selectmen, to leave the hospital without further examina- 
tion. 

On the eighth day of May following, the constable reported 
that Joseph Greenough, John Lowell and Beniah Titcomb, 
who had been inoculated with the smallpox in Boston, could 
return in safety to their families, and the selectmen gave them 
liberty to do so.' 

Subsequently, Cap* William Friend, Samuel Tufts, Tristram 
Dalton, Moses Titcomb and others who had voluntarily taken 
the disease in its most virulent form, were examined, disinfec- 
ted, and allowed to return \c> their homes. 

May 25, 1764 the selectmen gave new Directions to Messrs Benja- 
min Gerrish & Will'" Morgaridge, as gards at the Bridge over the river 
Parker, not to let any Person come into Town without examination & if 
any Person coming from any place that is Infected with the Small Pox, 
not to let them come through before they are thoroly smok"t & what they 
bring with them, agreeable to this Towns resolve this Day.- 

On the twenty-sixth day of June following the guards at 
the bridges over the Parker river were notified that their ser- 
vices would be no longer needed, and the selectmen voted, 
August fourth, to build a fence, enclosing the space of about 
eight rods, all around the hospital, and to provide a guard to 
keep cattle, cows, boys and men from coming within ten or 
fifteen rods of the enclosure. - 

' History of Newbury (Currier), p. 225, 
- Newburyport (Selectmen's) Records. 



EVENTS CULMINATIXG LK THE REVOLUTION 



41 



March 19, 1765, a committee, consisting of Ralph Cross, 
Daniel Farnham, Dudley Atkins, Richard Greenleaf and Capt. 
Robert Roberts, was chosen by the \'oters of Newbur)'port " to 
settle with the town of Newbury for the new Hospital lately 
erected in the Great Pasture."' 

For the convenience of shipmasters and sailors, who were 
much exposed to contagious diseases, a committee was appoint- 
ed, June 26, 1769, to see if the selectmen of Newbury would 
agree to pay their proportion of the cost of building another 
hospital on Plum Island, provided the proprietors of undivided 
lands would grant them permission to build one there. - 

The proposal was favorably received by the selectmen, as 
well as by the proprietors of Newbvu")', and the building was 
erected diu'ing the summer of 1769. 

EVENTS CULMINATING IN THE REVOLUTION. 

In 1765, parliament imposed a stamp tax on deeds of con- 
\eyance, contracts for labor, certificates of appointment to 
])ublic office, and other legal instruments. This attempt to 
raise a revenue for the payment of salaries aiid other expenses 
of the royal governors in North America was exceedingly ob- 
noxious to the inhabitants of the provinces of Virginia, New 
York and Massachusetts Bay. 

Early in the e\'ening of the twenty-sixth day of August, 
1765, a riotous mob surrounded the house of Lieut. -Gov. 
Thomas Hutchinson, in Boston, broke down the doors, seized 
and carried away all the silver ware with nine hundred pounds 
in money, burned the furniture in the street and destroyed 
everything of value, from cellar to attic, including a large col- 
lection of books, manuscript papers and important public doc- 
uments. 

A month later, a boisterous crowd of men and boys hung, 
from a large elm tree, near the foot of Federal and Water 
streets, in Newburyport, a rude representation, or effigy, of a 

' Newburyport Town Records, vol. I, p. 44. 
'"^ Newburyport Town Records, voL I., p. 131. 



42 



HIS TOR V OF NE IV B UR 3 -POR T 



well-known citizen who had been appointed and had consented 
to serve, as stamp distributor. This effigy was allowed to 
remain exposed to public \'ie\v for twenty-four hours or more. 
Tar barrels were then collected, a bonfire made, the rope cut 
and "the man of straw" dropped into the flames. Noisy 
demonstrations continued through the night. Men armed 
with clubs paraded the streets and compelled those who were 
suspected of favoring the stamp act to condemn it uncondition- 
ally, or in case of refusal to submit to kicks and bruises and 
perhaps a severe beating. 

The liberal use of "punch and toddy," ordered by Joseph 
Stanwood and others, and delivered gratuitously to those who 
found it necessary to resort to the tap room of Wolfe Tavern 
for something stimulating, evidently contributed to the excite- 
ment of the occasion." 

These disorderly proceedings were vigorously condemmed 
by the law-abiding citizens of Newburyport. At a meeting 
held September 30, 1765, the spirit and temper of the people 
found expression in the following resolutions : — 

Resolved that the late act of Pariiament, called the Stamp Act, is 
very grievious and that this Town, as much as in them lies, will endeav- 
our the Repeal of the same in all lawful ways : 

That this Town absolutely disapprove of all riotous & tumultuous 
assemblies either in the day or in the night : 

That this Town will to the utmost of their Power endeavour that 
the laws of this Province, made to prevent Disorders of every kind, be 
put into execution : 

That in case of any riotous & tvmiultuous assembling, the Town will 
meet together and assist the magistrates & Peace officers in the execution 
of their duties in suppressing such unlawful Proceedings : 

That it is the Desire of the Town that no Man in it will accept of the 
office of distributing Stamp l^apers as he regards the Displeasure of the 
Town, and that they will deem the Person accepting of such office an 
enemy to his country.- 

On the twenty-first day of October following, Dudley At- 

' The bill for liquor furnished by William Davenport, landlord of Wolfe Tavern, 
is printed in full in " Ould Newbury : Historical and Biographical Sketches," p. 
499. 

^ Newburyport Town Records, vol. I., p. 52. 



EVENTS CULMINATING IN THE REVOLUTION 43 

kins, representative to the General Court was instructed to 
cast his vote and use liis influence to preserve inviolate " the 
rights and privileges of this province." After commenting on 
the liberality of the English Constitution, and the right of the 
people to instruct their representatives, the duty and necessi- 
ty of resisting the enforcement of unjust laws is clearly set 
forth, in the concluding paragraphs of the instructions as fol- 
lows : — 

We have the most loj'al sentiments for our gracious king, and his 
illustrious family ; we have the highest reverence and esteem for that 
most august body, the Parhament of Great Britain ; and we have an 
ardent affection for our brethren at home ; we have always regarded their 
interests as our own, and esteemed our own prosperity as necessarily 
united with theirs. Hence it is that we have the greatest concern at 
some measures adopted by the late ministry, and some late acts of Parli- 
ament which we apprehend in their tendency, will deprive us of some of our 
essential and high prized liberties. The Stamp-act in a peculiar manner 
we esteem a grievance, as by it we are subjected to a heavy tax, to which 
are annexed very severe penalties : and the recovery of forfeitures, in- 
curred by the breach of it, is in a manner which the English Constitu- 
tion abhors, that is, without a trial by jury, and in a court of admiralty. 
That a people should be taxed at the will of another, whether of one 
man or many, without their own consent, in person or by representative, 
is rank slavery. 

That these measures are contrary to the constitutional right of 
Britons cannot be denied : and that the British inhabitants of America 
are not in every respect entitled to the priveleges of Britons, even the 
patrons of the most arbitrary measures have never yet advanced. 

We have been full and explicit on this head as it seems to be the 
fundamental point in debate : but was the tax in itself ever so constitu- 
tional, we cannot think but at this time it would be very grievous and bur- 
densome. 

The embarassments of our trade are great, and the scarcity of cash 
arising therefrom is such, that by the execution of the Stamp-act we 
should be drained in a very little time of that medium : the consequence 
of which is, that our commerce must stagnate, and our laborers starve. 

These, sir, are our sentiments on this occasion ; nor can we think 
that the distresses we have painted are the creatures of our own imag- 
ination. 

We therefore the freeholders and other inhabitants of this town, 
being legally assembled, take this opportunity to declare our just expec- 
tations from you, which are : 



44 HIS TOR y OF NE WB UR YPOR T 

That vovi will, to the vitmost of your ability, use your influence in 
the General Assembly that the rights and privileges of this Province 
mav be preserved inviolate ; and that the sacred deposit we have re- 
ceived from our Ancestors may be handed down, without infringement, 
to our posteritv of the latest generations : 

That you endeavor that all measures, consistent with our loyalt}* to 
the best of kings, may be taken to prevent the execution of the above 
grievous innovations : and that the repeal of the Stamp-act may be ob- 
tained bv a most dutiful, and at the same time most spirited remonstrance 
against it. 

That you do not consent to any new or unprecedented grants, but 
endeavor that the greatest frugality and economy may take place in the 
distribution of the public monies, remembering the great expense the 
war has involved us in, and the debt incurred thereby, which remains 
undischarged : 

That you will consult and promote such measures as may be neces- 
sary, in this difficult time, to prevent the course of justice from being 
stayed, and the commerce of the Province standing still : 

That, if occasion shall offer, you bear testimony in behalf of this 
town against all seditious and mobbish insurrections, and express our 
abhorence of all breaches of the peace ; and that you will readily con- 
cur in any constitutional measures that may be necessary to secure the 
public tranquility. ■'■ 

The stamp act was repealed by parliament March i8, 1766. 
On the twentieth clay of May following the news reached 
Newburyport. A town meeting was called "by beat of drum 
& word of mouth," and Daniel Farnham, Escp, was chosen 
moderator. 

Voted to illuminate the upper part of the town house, and to author- 
ize the use of six half barrells of gunpowder in public rejoicings : one 
half by Mr John Harbert who is to have the care of the Guns at the 
upper long wharf & the other half part by Capt Gideon Woodwell who 
is to have the care of the Guns at the lower long wharf. 

Also, voted, that it is the Desire of the Town that the Inhabitants 
hereof do not illuminate their own Houses this evening inasmuch as the 
Town House is to be illuminated at the Town's expense. - 

At a meeting held July 22, 1766, Dudley Atkins, Esq., 
moderator, Mr. Benjamin Greenleaf, representative to the Gene- 

' Newburyport Town Records, vol. I,, p. 53. 
'■' Newburyport Town Records, vol. I., p. Si. 



EVENTS CULMINATING IN THE REVOLUTION 



45 



ral Court, was instructed to favor, by his vote and influence, 
"the payment of the losses sustained by the sufferers in the 
late tumults in Boston, by a draft on the public treasury of the 
Province."' 

In 1767, parliament in the exercise of its right to levy and 
collect taxes imposed a heavy duty on paper, glass, tea and 
other articles of merchandise imported into the province of 
Massachusetts Bay. The leading merchants of Boston, in order 
to defeat the purpose for which the law was enacted, agreed to 
import no more goods from England and urged the merchants 
of other towns to take such steps as might be necessary to 
prevent the sale of merchandise upon which the objectionable 
duties had been paid. 

At a meeting of the inhabitants of Newburyport, held De- 
cember 17, 1767, a committee consisting of John Lowell, 
Jr., Esq., Benjamin Greenleaf, Esq., Tristram Dalton, Esq., 
Mr. Ralph Cross, Capt. Patrick Tracy, Mr. Nathaniel Carter, 
and Mr. Jonathan Jackson, was appointed to prepare an answer 
to a letter from the selectmen of Boston in regard to the super- 
vision and temporary control of the foreign trade. The com- 
mittee reported as follows : — 

This Town has been in a great measure supported, for many years 
past by the building of ships which have been purchased mostly by the 
Inhabitants & for the use of Great Britain. The manner in which we 
have been paid for our ships has been mainly by british manufactures so 
that the Importation & purchase of these & our Staple Business if we 
may so express it, have been almost inseparably united. 

It is with the greatest Difficulty that a number of people who have 
for the most part of their Lives been used to a particular employment 
can suddenly strike into a new Channel & carry on a Business to which 
they have always been strangers. 

Hence tho" we highly respect the Town of Boston for its zealous at- 
tachment to the Liberties of the Country & are ready to assist them in 
all measures to which Prudence may direct, we cannot think it can con- 
sist with the Prudence & Policy of this Town to join in their particular 
Resolutions relating to the importations & purchase of the enumerated 
articles of british Manufacturies, and not only from this Principle but 
from one less selfish we cannot wish tliat the frequent & mutual Inter- 

' Newburyport Town Records, vol. I., p. 83, 



46 



HIS TOR V OF NE WB UR YPOR T 



course which has hitherto subsisted between Great Britain & us should 
abate. Tis but of late Date that we regarded Great Britain with all the re- 
spectful affection of a Child to its Parent, and tho by some late measures 
which we conceive to be highly misjudged there seems to have arisen a 
cloud which obscures the true Interests of the Nation from the eyes of 
those at the Helm we cannot but expect as well as impatiently desire 
that it will be soon removed and a Mutual Confidence be established on 
the firmest Foundation. 

In the mean Time as Jealousy in a Constitvition like the British is 
the great preserving Principle, we think it necessary to be watchfull 
against any Encroachments on our Rights as Englishmen or Freemen and 
to be uniformly & resolutely determined that these shall not be infringed 
while our Fortunes or even our Lives Continue. . . . ' 

This report, written probably by John Lowell, Jr., Esq., 
was accepted and adopted March i8, 1768. Although the 
proposed non-importation agreement was considered a little 
prematm"e at that date, the spinning of yarn and the sale of 
goods of home manufacture was w^armly commended and en- 
couraged, as the following newspaper item indicates : — 

Newbur\port, April 21, 1768. Yesterday the young women of the 
Presbyterian Congregation, and some others, assembled at the Minis- 
ter's House and generously gave Mrs. Parsons the spinning of two 
Hundred and Seventy skeins of good Yam. They took Labradore Tea 
and coffee for their support and finished their work so long before night 
that Rev. Mr. Parsons gave them an Exhortation from Prov. 31 : 19, and 
concluded his Exercise by Daylight. A laudable Example for young 
Women of other Congregations to Copy after.- 

The announcement that English troops were on their way 
to Boston to aid the royal governor in enforcing the revenue 
laws created great excitement in Newburyport. Riotous and 
disorderly men and boys paraded the streets at night and com- 
mitted many acts of violence. Joshua Vickery, a ship-car- 
penter of Newbury, w-ho was suspected of gi\'ing information 
to the collector of customs in regard to the moxement of 
vessels engaged in smuggling, was seized in the day time by a 

' Nev\bur}port Town Records, vol. I., p. I2i. 

- Boston Gazette, May 9, 1768 (in the Stale library, Boston), " Labradore or 
Hyperion tea^' was advertised for sale by Boston merchants at that date and is 
still to be found at some of the wholesale drug stores in that city. 



EVENTS CULAIINATIXG IN THE REVOLUTION 



47 



mob, put in the public stocks and afterwards dragged in a cart 
through the streets of the town with a rope about his neck. 
In a statement pubhshed in the newspapers of that day he 
declared, in substance as follows : — 

That on Saturday the tenth of September current, he was in a riotous 
manner asauUed in the King's Highway in Newbury-Port, seized and 
carried by F^orce to the public stocks in the said Town, where he sat 
from three to tive o'clock, in the afternoon, most of the Time on the 
sharpest stone that could be found, which put him to extreme Pain, so 
that he once fainted : — That he was afterwards taken out of the Stocks, 
put into a cart and carried thro" the Town with a Rope about his Neck, 
his Hands tied behind him until the Dusk of the Evening, during which 
time he was severely pelted with Eggs, Gravel and Stones, and was much 
wounded thereby ; he was then taken out of the Cart, carried into a dark 
Ware-houfe, and hand-cuffed with Irons, without Bed or Cloathing, and 
in a Room where he could not lay strait, but made the Edge of a Tar 
Pot serve for a Pillow, so that when he arofe the Hair was tore from his 
Head ; he was confined to this Place the whole of the Lord's Day, with a 
Guard that prevented any of his Friends visiting him, excepting his wife, 
who with Difficulty obtained Liberty to speak to him : — On Monday the 
i2tii in the Forenoon he was taken out, and the Rioters upon their being 
well satisfied of his being innocent of what was laid to his Charge Com- 
pelled him only to lead a Horse Cart about the Town, with Francis 
Magno therein, who was stripped naked, tarred and then Committed to 
Gaol for Breach of the Peace.""' 

In an affidavit annexed to the above statement and published 
at the same time, Vickery declared " that he never did, direct- 
ly or indirectly, make or give Information to any Officer of the 
Customs, nor to any other Person, either against Cap* John 
Emmery or any other man whomsoever." Francis Magno 
evidently gave the information that led to the arrest of Cap- 
tain Emery for violating the revenue laws. The suspicion that 
Vickery was concerned with him arose from the fact that 
he accompanied Magno to Portsmouth on the day that Capt. 
Emery arrived there. 

In order to preserve the peace and protect the inhabitants 
of Newbur)port from violence the town voted, September 

'Essex Gazette, Sept. 20-27, 1768. (Essex Institute, Salem, Mass.). 



48 ills TOR V OF NE IV B UR YPOR T 

19, 1768, to appoint watchmen, such as justices and other 
officers could appoint, '* to prevent Disorders in the Nii;ht and 
other Inconveniencies,"' and the same day voted to allow Capt. 
William Davenport six pounds and six shillings toward the 
payment of his bill for liquor "delivered to a number of People 
who resorted to his House [September 26, 1765] in the Time 
of the Stamp act."' 

At the same meeting, Benjamin Greenleaf, Esq., was chosen 
a delegate to a convention to be held in Boston September 
22, 1768, to confer with delegates from other towns in regard 
to the adoption of measures necessary " at this critical Time 
for his Majesty's service & the peace & safety of his Subjects 
in this Province."' 

At the close of the convention the merchants and traders 
of Boston agreed to unite, with the merchants of other towns 
in the province, in an effort to stop the importatic^n of mer- 
chandise from England and prevent, if possible, the use and sale 
of foreign tea. 

On the nineteenth day of October, 1768, Rev. Christopher 
B. Marsh was ordained pastor of the Second Congregational 
church and society in Newburyport. In the afternoon of 
that day tea, made from a plant or shrub grown in Pearson- 
town, about twenty miles from Portland, Me., was served to a 
circle of ladies and gentlemen, in Newburyport, who j^ro- 
nounced it nearly, if not quite, equal in havor to genuine 
Bohea tea. A communication, published in the Boston Ga- 
zette, giving the facts above stated, closes as follows : — 

So important a Discovery claims, especially at this Crisis, the Atten- 
tion of every Friend of America. If we have the Plant nothing is want- 
ing but the Process of curing it, to have Te.\ of our own Manufacture. 
If a Receipt cannot be obtained, Gentlemen of Curiosity and Chymical 
Skill would render their Country eminent Service, if by Experiments 
they would investigate the best method of preparing it for use.- 

September 4, i 769, the inhabitants of Newburyport voted 

^ Newburyport Town Records, vol. I., p. 125. 

^ Boston Gazette, November 21, 1768 (State library, Boston, Mass.). 



EVENTS CULMINAILWG IN THE REVOLUTION 49 

to approve the agreement made by the merchants and traders 
of the province in regard to the non-importation of goods, and 
also " voted that every Person who shall buy of any Importer 
contrary to the spirit of said agreement shall be deemed an 
Enemy to the Liberties of his Comitry."' On the twentieth 
day of September following, the selectmen were authorized 
" to return the Thanks of the Town to the Merchants & others 
of Boston for their patriotic resolution [in regard to] the non-im- 
portation of Goods from Great Britain untill January, 1770, or 
untill the Revenue Act be repealed,"' and March 23, 1770, the 
inhabitants of Newburyport voted that the agreement in regard 
to the non-importation of goods should be continued in force, 
and appointed a special Committee consisting of William At- 
kins, Esq., Benjamin Greenleaf, Esq., Mr. Nathaniel Carter, 
Capt. James Hudson and Mr. Ralph Cross, to send a certified 
copy of the vote to the merchants of Boston. It was also 
voted at the same meeting not to use or buy foreign tea and 
so far as possible to discourage its use by others. ^ 

On the third day of April following, it having been reported 
that a wagon load of tea had been brought into the t(3wn, sur- 
reptitiously, a committee was appointed to ascertain the facts 
and publish to the world, if they could be discovered, the 
names of the persons who had violated the non-importation 
agreement, " to the intent that they may be known & 
avoided as y^ Pests of society & enemies of y*^ Country & that 
such measures may be taken with them as y*^ Town shall think 
proper."'* A new agreement was prepared and signed by those 
who were determined not to buy, sell, or use India tea of any 
kind whatsoever, and the committee was instructed to report 
to the town clerk, to be subsequently submitted to the free- 
holders of the town, the names of those who refused to sign. 

In the excitement that followed the Boston massacre, March 
5, 1770, the English troops were removed from the town of 
Boston to the Castle in the harbor, and the General Court was 

'Newburyport Town Records, vol. I., p. 132. 
- Newburyport Town Records, vol. I., p. 134. 
•* Newbur}'port Town Records, vol. I., p. 140. 
■* Newburyport Town Records, vol. I., p. 143. 



so 



HIS TORY OF NE WB UR YPOR T 



convened by Lieutenant-Governor Hutchinson, to meet in 
Cambridge a few days later. The magistrates and represen- 
tatives assembled at the time and place designated, but declined 
to consider the ordinary business of the session, claiming " that 
the Town House in Boston is by law established as the only 
place for holding the assembly." After a short session, dur- 
ing which only a few unimportant bills were passed, the Gen- 
eral Court was dissolved. 

The next year the dispute between Hutchinson, who had 
been promoted to the office of governor of the province, and 
the representatives was renewed. A serious conflict seemed 
to be impending. March 13, 1771, the selectmen of Newbury- 
port were directed to examine the guns and ammunition on 
hand and provide an additional supply if necessary.' The 
threatened contest, however, was averted, and the right of the 
governor to convene the General Court at any place that he 
might think proper was ultimately admitted. 

At a meeting of the inhabitants of Newburyport held May 
21, 1 77 1 the following vote was passed : — 

It is the Opinion of this Town that it is fitting and best for the 
House of Representatives to proceed to do the common and ordinary 
Business as usual at the approaching Session and thro' the year, notwith- 
standing their sitting in the Town of Cambridge and that our Represen- 
tative is herebv instructed to use his Endeavors for that putpose.- 

In December, 1772, at the urgent solicitation of Samuel 
Adams, a committee of correspondence was established in 
Boston to communicate with men of influence in other towns 
and urge upon them the necessity for uniting in a vigorous 
effort to maintain the political rights and privileges of the 
province. The formation of this committee was the begin- 
ning of the end of the struggle for American independence. It 
stimulated and encouraged the weak and wavering and brought 
the inhabitants of renn)te towns into close and friendly rela- 
tions with the prominent merchants of Boston. 

' Newburyport Town Records, vol. I., p. 150. 
- Newburyport Town Records, vol. I., p. 153- 



EVENTS CULMINATING IN THE REVOLUTION 



51 



In Newburyport, a committee, consisting of Capt. Patrick 
Tracy, Mr. Jonathan Jackson, Mr. Benjamin Greenleaf, Mr. 
Nathaniel Carter, Capt. James Hudson, Mr. Jonathan Parsons, 
Jr., Mr. Moses Bradstreet, Mr. Edmund Bartlet, Mr. Ralph 
Cross, Mr. Jonathan Ward, Capt. William Coombs, and Doctor 
John Sprague, was appointed, December 23, 1772, to consid- 
er the critical condition of public affairs and to advise what 
action should be taken to secure redress of public grievances.' 

At a meeting of the freeholders and other inhabitants of the 
town, held January i, 1773, the following letter was read, and 
Stephen Sewall, town clerk, was instructed " to send a certi- 
fied copy thereof to the committee of correspondence of the 
town of Boston." 

Nevvbury-Port, January- I, 1773. 
GottleDicii 

The freeholders and other inhabitants of Newbury-Port in town-meet- 
ing legally affembled the firft of January 1773, have read and confidered 
a letter from the inhabitants of Bofton of the 20th of November, together 
with the other proceedings of that town at a late meeting, and thank 
them for the free communication of their fentiments on matters fo greatly 
interefting and important. We admire the vigilance and perfeverance of 
our friends there in the caufe of Hberty notwithftanding the obftmction 
they have met with by the indifference of fome and the oppofition of 
others : and we highly efteem them for it. 
. The rights of this province as they have ftated them undoubtedly 
belong to us. The laws of God and the conftitution have inverted us 
with them — And in our opinion no power on earth can juftly deny us the 
free and full exercife of them. But, unhappily for us, we are denied this 
glorious privilege by the operation of inftructions and certain acts of 
parliament, which have brought upon us thofe great and diftreffing 
grievances w^hich they have pointed out : and fome others that might be 
mentioned tending to involve this country in certain ruin. Which is to 
us a very melancholy and alarming confideration, with regard to our pof- 
terity as well as ourfelves. We fhould rejoice could we be in any 
meafure inftrumental in extricating our country' from this unhappy situa- 
tion and to this end we trvist we shall always be ready to exert our 
utmost abilities in all legal and constitutional ways.^ 

' Newburyport Town Records, vol. I., p. i6i, 

* Essex Gazette, January 12-19, ^773 (Essex Institute, Salem, Mass.). 



52 



HIS TOR Y OF NE WB UR YFOR T 



At the same meeting the patriotic measures adopted by the 
General Court were endorsed and the following vote was 
passed : — 

That Capt Jonathan Greenleaf, our representative, be acquainted that 
it is the desire and expectation of this town, that he will persevere, with 
steadiness and resolution, in conjunction with his brethren in the Honor- 
able House of Representatives, to use his utmost endeavors to procure a 
full and complete redress of all our public grievances : and to do every 
thing in his power in order that the present and succeeding generations 
may have the full enjoyment of those privileges and advantages, which 
naturally and necessarily result from our glorious constitution. This we 
esteem a matter of the highest concernment, and we recommend it to 
him to join with his brethren in the Honorable House at the approach- 
ing session, if they shall think it proper to lay before Lord Dartmouth, 
one of his Majesty's Secretaries of State, in a decent, respectful address, 
a full statement of our publick Grievances ; and to intreat his Lordship's 
Favour and Influence in Behalf of an injured and oppressed People.' 

November 28, 1773, the ship Dartmouth, with one hundred 
and fourteen chests of tea, arrived in Boston. The inhabitants 
of the town, hastily summoned by the ringing of the church 
bells, assembled in Faneuil hall but soon adjourned to the 
Old South meeting house, where, after an exciting debate, a 
committee was appointed to take such steps as might be ne- 
cessary to prevent the landing of the cargo. A few days later 
two other ships arrived loaded with tea. The consignees were 
urged to send them back, but they replied that the consent of 
the owners in England must first be obtained, and without 
orders from them they could not comply with the request. 

In Newburyport a meeting was called, December 9, 1773, 
to consider the serious condition of public affairs. After a 
brief discussion, the spirit and temper of the people f()und 
expression in the following vote : — 

We have taken into consideration the late proceedings of the town of 
Boston relating to the importation of tea by the East India Company in- 
to America and do accjuiesce in their proceedings and are determined to 
give them all the assistance in our power even at the Risque of our Lives 
& Fortunes.2 

' Newburyport Town Records, vol. I., p. i6i. 
'- Newburyport Town Records, vol. I., p. 176. 



EVENTS CULMINATEVG IN THE REVOLUTION 53 

On the fifteenth day of December, a party of men and boys, 
disguised as Indians, boarded the ships moored at Griffin's 
wharf, near the foot of Pearl street, in Boston, broke open the 
hatches, and threw into the water of the harbor the contents 
of three hundred and forty-two chests of tea. 

The news of this memorable event was quickly conveyed by 
post-riders to the seaport towns in the province. At a meet- 
ing held in Newburyport, December sixteenth, a committee, 
consisting of Capt. James Hudson, Capt. Jonathan Greenleaf, 
Capt. Charles Hodge, Mr. Jonathan Titcomb and Mr. Stephen 
Cross, was appointed "to consider what may be proper for the 
Town to do under the Difficulties that at present Attend our 
public affairs."' This committee was also instructed to co- 
operate with the committee of correspondence in Boston and 
unite with them in demanding a repeal of the revenue laws. 

At the same meeting the following vote, protesting against 
the importation of tea, and renewing the pledge, previously 
made, " to use their utmost endeavors to prevent it ", was passed 
unanimously : — 

Voted that this Town will use their utmost Endeavours to p revent the 
Landing of any Tea sent by the East India Company to this province 
whilst the same is subject to a Duty Impos"d by the British parliament.' 

At an adjourned meeting, held at three o'clock p. m., on the 
twentieth day of December, the following letter prepared by 
the committee, appointed for that purpose, was read and 
ordered to be sent to the committee of correspondence in 
Boston : — 

Gentlemen: It is with astonishment that we reflect on the unremitted 
efforts of the British ministry and parliament to fasten ruin and infamy 
upon these colonies. They not only claim a right to control and tax us 
at their pleasure, but are practising every species of fraud as well as vio- 
lence their deluded minds can suppose feasible to support and establish 
this absurd and injurious claim. A fresh instance we have in the plan 
lately adopted for supplying the colonies with tea. If the money thus 
unconstitutionallv taken from us was to be expended for our benefit and 

^ Newburyport Town Records, vol. I., p. 178. 



c 4 HIS TOR Y OF NE IV B UR YPOR T 

advantage it would still be grievous as that method of obtaining it is of a 
dangerous nature and fatal tendency. But we lose all patience when we 
consider that the industrious Americans are to be stript of their honest 
earnings to gratify the humours of lawless and ambitious men and to 
support in idleness and luxury a parcel of worthless parasites, their crea- 
tures and tools, who are swarming thick upon us and are already become 
a notorious burden to the community. We are sorry that any who call 
themselves Americans are hardy enough to justify these unrighteous pro- 
ceedings. They surely deserve the utmost contempt and indignation of 
all honest men throughout the world : for our part we shall endeavour to 
treat them according to their deserts. By the public prints we are fa- 
voured with the sentiments of several respectable towns in the province, 
expressed in a number of manly, sensible and spirited resolves with 
respect to the evils immediately before us. We are under great obHga- 
tions to our worthy friends and brethren who have nobly stood forth in 
this important cause. We assure them that should they need our assist- 
ance, in any emergency, we determine most readily to exert our utmost 
abilities, in every manly and laudable way our wisdom may dictate, for 
the salvation of our country, even at the hazard of our lives, and trusting 
through the favour of a kind providence we shall be able to frustrate all 
the designs of our enemies.' 

When the news reached England that several hundred chests 
of tea belonging to the East India company had been des- 
troyed in Boston, parliament determined to prevent any more 
riotous outbreaks in the province of Massachusetts Bay, and 
passed several arbitrary and humiliating acts, intending to 
scare the people into submission and stop the importation of 
merchandise by closing the port of Boston to vessels inward 
or outward bound. 

In April, 1774, General Gage superseded Thomas Htitchin- 
son as governor of the province, and then began the long strug- 
gle that culminated in the declaration of independence and 
the Revolutionary war. 

' Newburyport Town Records, vol. I., p. 179 ; Essex Gazette, January 4-1 1, 
1774 (Essex Institute, Salem, Mass.). 



CHAPTER II. 

1774-1794- 

At a meeting of the provincial congress, held in Cambridge, 
December 8, 1774, a committee, appointed to take into con- 
sideration the manufacture of ammunition and firearms in the 
province, recommended the making of saltpetre as an article 
of vast importance and also the manufacture of gunpowder : 
" As there are the ruins of several powder mills, and sundry 
persons among us who are acquainted with that business, we 
do heartily recommend its encouragement by repairing one or 
more of said mills or erecting others, and renewing said 
business as soon as possible." 

The scarcity of saltpetre was so great in New England 
that congress voted, February 15, 1775, to purchase all that 
could be made in the province for one year at the rate of four- 
teen pounds sterling for every one hundred pounds weight. 

An old powder mill at Stoughton was repaired,' and Sam- 
uel Phillips, Jr., erected a new one, at his own expense, in the 
town of Andover. The mills were run night and day, on 
Sundays as well as week days. 

September 28, 1775, the inhabitants of Newburyport " voted 
to erect a building near Frog Pond about the Place where a 
Potash House formerly stood . . [and provide] one doz. 
molasses Hogsheads, one doz. half barrelltubs, half dcv.. trays, 
half doz. thin iron shovels, half doz. pails and Brick &c for 
setting the Kettles " for the purpose of manufacturing salt- 
petre. Mr. John Peck was granted the use of the building for 
one year, and it was also voted that persons using or burning 

' In the Life of Rev. Manassah Cutler, vol. I., p. 46, is the following item 
from his diary: — 

" April 25, 1776, went to Stoughton with Mr. Chickering, Captain Dean, and 
Brother Dean, to see the Powder Mill which was almost ready to go." 

55 



5 6 HIS TOR Y OF NE IV B UR YPORT 

ii'un powder unnecessarily " shall have their names published 
in the newspapers as enemies to their country."' 

On the thirty-first day of October, the representatives and 
councilors of the province of Massachusetts Bay adopted the 
following resolution, instructing a committee, previously ap- 
pointed, to ascertain by personal enquiry and investigation the 
best method of manufacturing saltpetre : — 

Resolved, That Dr. Whitney a member of the Committee appointed 
bv thi.s Court to improve the art and bu.siness of manufacturing saltpetre, 
be directed immediately to repair again to the Colony of Connecticut tO' 
.such person or persons as upon encjuiry he shall suppose to be best 
skilled in the said art : and after gaining the best information to be ob- 
tained relative to this matter, that he repair with deacon Baker, another 
of said Committee, directlv to Newbury Port, and that they with Capt. 
John Peck, the other of said Committee use their utmost efforts until the 
fifteenth day of December next for obtaining a successful and sure 
method of manufacturing said commodity &c. . . . - 

The committee evidently attended to the duty assigned 
them and probably manufactured a small quantity of gun- 
powder in Newburyport. The following letter, addressed to 
Maj. Stephen Cross, in the provincial congress at Watertown, 
though unsigned, was written by some one well acc[uainted 
with the facts : — 

Newbury Pout, Jany. 23, 1776. 
Sir :— 

I have sent you a sample of Gun Powder which I made of 
Salt Petre manufactured in this Town. It was done in a hurry and 
therefore was neither pounded sufficiently nor granulated properly for 
want of suitable Scarfes. The Petre was only clarified with water, 
whereas for Powder, it must be done with sulpher in order to purify it 
from the Oleaginous Parts contained in the Petre, and not otherwise sepa- 
rated trom it, which makes the Powder bum as tho it was damp or wet. 
I have tried some of the same to the Powder enclosed in a proper 
Engine and find it is just the strength of Cannon Powder, tho the pro- 
portion of the higredients to each other were for the best Pistol Powder. 
However if the Petre & Sulpher were properly refined which is easily 
done, the Coal Light and the Mass well beat for 24 hours at least, 1 have 

' Newburyport Town Records, vol. I., p. 242. 

'-'Essex Ciazelte (Salem), Nov. 24-30, 1775, on file at the Essex Institute. 



ADOPTION OF STATE CONSTITUTION 57 

no Doubt but I would make it (of the Salt Petre manufactured in this 
Town) equal in strength to the King of England's Power Proof Powder 
and as quick to take fire. Sir the above if you think proper may be com- 
municated to the assembly. 

Your humble Servant, 

[Unsigned].' 
To Major or Stephen Cross, 
Present. 

In the month of March following, Samuel Tufts and Capt. 
Edward Sawyer were appointed inspectors of saltpetre, and on 
the twenty-fifth day of April they notified Hon. Benjamin 
Greenleaf, then at Watertown, that they had ptu'chased in 
Newburyport, for the use of the colony, twenty-eight hundred 
and forty-seven pounds of saltpetre previous to April twenty- 
third, and twenty-one pounds after that date, and that the sup- 
ply was apparently cc[tial to the demand. 

Many persons are now waiting to deliver and from good information 
four or five thousand pounds weight will be presented in a few days from 
the towns around and to the eastward.- 

ADOPTION OF STATE CONSTITUTION : IPSWICH CONVENTION. 

At the organization of the provincial congress, in Salem, 
October 7, 1774, Joseph Gerrish, Esq., represented Newbury, 
and Capt. Jonathan Greenleaf, Newburyport. At the second 
provincial congress, held at Cambridge, February first, at 
Concord March twenty-second, and at Watertown April 22, 
1775, Newbury was represented by Joseph Gerrish, Esq., and 
Newburyport by Capt. Jonathan Greenleaf, Tristram Dalton, 
Esq., and Mr. Stephen Cross. The third and last provincial 
congress assembled at Watertown May 31, i775- Joseph 
Gerrish, Esq., was elected representative from Newbury ; 
Capt. Jonathan Greenleaf and Mr. Stephen Cross were repre- 
sentatives from Newburyport. A few days after the battle of 
Bunker's hill, the several towns in the province were author- 
ized by the provincial congress, then in session, to elect rep- 

' Mass. Archives, vol. 194, p. 229. 

- Mass. Archives, vol. 208, p. 225; American Archives, Fourth series, vol. V., 
p. 1080. 



58 



HI ST OR y OF XE IV B UR YPORT 



resentatives to a General Court to be held in the meeting- 
house at Watertown on the nineteenth day of July following. 
Capt. Jonathan Greenleaf and Mr. Stephen Cross were elected 
by the inhabitants of Newburyport, although under the act of 
incorporation, passed in 1764, the town was entitled to only 
one representative. The restrictions imposed by that act were 
declared null and void August 23, 1775 : — - 

Whereas, in and by an act or law of this colon}-, entitled " An act for 
erecting part of the town of Newbury into a new town by the name of 
Newbur\port "" it is enacted and provided that the said town of Newbury- 
port should have the right of chusing and sending, from time to time, but 
one person to represent them in the great and general court of this colo- 
ny ; and that the inhabitants of the town of Newbury from and after the 
time of the making and passing the said act, should have a right to chuse 
and send no more than one person to represent them in the great and 
general court of this colony : — 

Be it enacted and declared by the authority aforesaid (The Council 
and House of Representatives in General Court assembled). 

That henceforth each of the said towns of Newbury and Newburj-port 
shall have the full power and right of chusing and sending as many per- 
sons to represent them, respectively, in the great and general court of this 
colony as each of the said towns would have had a right to have chosen 
and sent to the said general court, by virtue of the above mentioned act 
or law, entitled "An act for ascertaining the number and regulating the 
house of representatives " in case there had not been any restrictions 
upon the said towns, touching their rights and priviledge of chusing and 
sending persons to represent them, respectively, in the great and general 
court, or assembly, contained or expressed in the said act for the consti- 
tuting and making that part of the former town of Newbury now called 
Newbur\port, a distinct town.' 

The inequality and injustice of town representation estab- 
lished by the provincial charter led to a movement that cul- 
minated in the adoption of the twenty-first article of the amend- 
ments to the constitution by which the state is divided into 
districts and the nvnnber of representatives apportioned to the 
number of legal voters in each district. 

April 23, 1776, Jonathan Jackson and John Lowell were 
chosen delegates to a county convention to be held in Ipswich 

' Province Laws, vol. V., pp. 419, 420. 



ADOPTIOX OF STATE CONSTITUTION 



59 



on the twenty-fifth day of April, following, for the purpose of 
devising a plan for the more equal representation of the legal 
voters of the province in the General Court." 

The convention assembled at the time and place appointed 
and adopted a memorial which was presented to the General 




JOHN LOWELL, EhQ. 

Court at Watertown May 2, 1776. John Lowell, Esq., of 
Newburyport, in behalf of the memorialists, earnestly advocated 
on the floor of the house of representatives, the plan of rep- 
resentation recommended in the memorial, and on the fourth 

' Newburyport Town Records, vol. I., p. 253. 

A reprint of the notice or call of the Convention, sent to the committee of cor- 
respondence, inspection and safety of the several towns in the county will be 
found in the Historical Collections of the Essex Institute, vol. XXXVI,, p. 104. 



6o • HIS TOR y OF NE WB UK YPOR T 

day of May the General Court passed an act providing for the 
election of three representatives from towns having" two hun- 
dred and twenty free holders, and one additional representa- 
ti\-e for every one hundred additional freeholders, " said act to 
take effect at the beginning of the next session."' 

Soon after the declaration of independence it became neces- 
sary to establish courts of law, provide for the enlistment of sol- 
diers, and form a constitution for the government of the state 
of Massachusetts. At a town meeting, held Octobers, 1776, 
Mr. Jonathan Jackson, Tristram Dalton, Esq., John Lowell. 
Esq., Moses Little, Esq. and Col. Edward Wigglesworth, who 
had been elected to the General Court four or five months 
previously, were instructed to aid in the preparation of a con- 
stitution to be submitted to the people for their approval. 

\'oted that the Delegates of this town be directed to use their utmost 
Influence that the Hon"bl Council and House of Representatives in their 
Representative Capacities, (& not in one Body & by equal voice) should 
consult, agree on & enact such a constitution and Form of Govern- 
ment for this State as they shall, on the fullest & most mature Delibera- 
tion, judge will most conduce to the Safety, Peace and Happiness of the 
same in all after successions & generations & that it be made public 
before the enacting, for the Perusal & Approbation of the People. - 

Februaiy 28, 1778, the representatives to the General Court 
completed the work assigned them and submitted a constitu- 
tion to the inhabitants of the state. The subject was brought 
to the attention of the legal voters of Newbiuyport by an arti- 
cle inserted in the warrant calling a town meeting to be held 
on the twenty-sixth day of March. 

' Province Laws, vol. V., pp. 502, 503. John Lowell, Esq., son of Rev. John 
Lowell, was evidently one of tfie most active and influential leaders in the move- 
ment for representation according to population. Me was born in Newburyport 
June 17, 1743 and was elected representative to the General Court, '' began and 
held at Watertown, May 29, 1776." (Newburyport Town Records, vol. L, p. 257.) 
He removed to Boston in 1778, and was elected a delegate from that town to the 
convention held, in 1779, for the purpose of framing a constitution for the state 
of Massachusetts. At his suggestion, it is said, the clause: " All men are born 
free and efjual, and have certain natural, essential and inalienable rights among 
which may be reckoned the right of enjoying and defending their lives and liber- 
ties," was inserted in the Bill of Rights and soon after the highest tribunal in the 
state decided that it abolished slavery in Massachusetts. 

'^ Newburyport Town Records, vol. L, p. 271. 



ADOPTIOX OF STATE CONSTITUTIOX 6l 

To see whether the Town will take any method for the calling a Coun- 
ty Convention to devise some way in which the united weight of this 
County & of any other Counties may be opposed to the unequal, unjust 
& unwieldy mode of Representation adopted in the Constitution lately 
formed by the Convention of this state & exhibited for public approba- 
tion or Rejecdon, — also to some other Parts of the same Constitution & 
to see what method [shall be adopted] — & to choose Delegates to said 
County Convention.' 

The freeholders and other inhabitants qualified to vote in 
town affairs assembled at the time and place appointed, and 
after a brief discussion agreed to unite with other towns in call- 
ing a county con\'ention. 

Voted that this Town are of opinion that the mode of Representation 
contained in the Constitution lately proposed by the Convention of this 
state is unecjual and unjust, as thereby all the Inhabitants of this state 
are not equally represented & that some other Parts of the same Consti- 
tution are not founded on the true Principles of Government : & that a 
Convention of the several towns of this county, by their Delegates, will 
have a probable Tendency to reform the same, agreeablv to the natural 
Rights of Mankind and the true principles of Government. 

Voted that the Selectmen be desired, in behalf & in the Name of the 
Town, to write circular letters to the several Towns within this County, 
proposing a Convention of those Towns, by their Delegates, to be holden 
at such time & Place as the Selectmen shall think proper to mention in 
said circular letters ; and that the selectmen be directed in said circular 
letters to propose to each of the Towns aforesaid, to send the like num- 
ber of Delegates to said Convention as the same Towns have by Law 
right to send Representatives to the General Court. 

Voted to choose live Delegates for the Convention aforesaid, viz 
Theophilus Parsons, Tristram Dalton, Jonathan Greenleaf, Jonathan Jack- 
son, and Stephen Cross, Escjuires.- 

The convention met at Ipswich, April 29, 1778, and con- 
sidered, paragraph by paragraph, the constitution proposed 
for the government of the state, and appointed a committee, 

' Newburyport Town Records, vol. I., p. 29S. 

- Newburyport Town Records, vol. I., p. 299, and Memoir of Theophilus Par- 
sons, by his son, p. 49. The words " to mention in said circular letters ; and that 
the selectmen be directed in said circular letters," in the second vole, and the 
whole of the third vote quoted above, were evidently accidentally omitted in 
making up the town record. They are found, however, as printed above, in the 
memorandum or note book in which the proceedings were first recorded by 
Nicolas Pike, town clerk. 



6 2 ^IS TOR y OF NE \VB UR YPOR T 

consisting of Theophilus Parsons of Newburyport, Nathan 
Goodale of Salem and Gideon Putnam of Danvers, to draw up 
and sul^mit to the convention the general outlines of a consti- 
tution that would be acceptable and satisfactor)' to the friends 
of liberty and order. 

The committee reported on the twelfth day of May follow- 
ing, severely criticising the executive and legislative powers 
conferred by the proposed constitution, and seriously advising 
the freemen of the several towns to oppose its adoption and 
express their disapprobation at the polls. This report was 
printed and sold by John Mycall, in Newburyport, in 1778, 
and widely circulated. " It not only made the rejection of 
the proposed Constitution far more decisive, but exerted an 
important influence on the structure of that Constitution which 
was soon afterwards framed by a state convention and adopted 
by the people." In the half-tone print on the opposite page 
the title-page of the report is reproduced from a coj^y in the 
possession of the American Antiquarian Society, at Worcester, 
Mass. 

This report, written by Theoj^hilus Parsons, chairman of 
the committee, states with great clearness and ability the 
principles of law and morality that should prevail in a free 
republic. 

After an exciting and prolonged contest the proposed con- 
stitution was rejected by a majority of the legal voters of the 
state. P"ebruary 20, 1779, a series of resolutions, favoring the 
calling of a special convention for the purpose of forming a 
new constitution, were passed by the General Court. At a 
legal meeting of the freeholders and other inhabitants of New- 
buryport, held on the eleventh day of May following, Jonathan 
Greenleaf, Esq., Jonathan Titcomb, Esq., Mr. Stephen Cross, 
Mr. Moses Erazier and Theophilus Parsons, Esq., were elected 
representatives, and the following instructions were then 
adopted : — 

Voted, Nem. con. That the Representatives of this Town for the 
ensuing year be impowered to vote for the calling a state convention for 
the sole puipose of forming a new Constitution sliould the major part of 



RESULT 

OF T f? E 

CONVENTION 

O F 

DELEGATES 

■ Ilolden at IPSWICH in the 
County of EfFex, >vho m ere 
Deputed to take into 
Coiifideration 




ig. 



coNsriruTio N 

AND FORM OF 

GOVERN M EN T, 

rnorcsED by thi 

CONVENTION 

' OF THE STATE OF 

M A S S A C PI U S E T T S - B A Y . 

•< K \V B U R Y - P O R T : - « 



64 HIS TOR Y OF NE WB UR YPOR T 

the People (upon Examination of the Returns made into the Genl Court) 
appear to be for having a new Constitution formed, provided that the 
members which are to compose the Convention are selected from the 
People by such Rules & upon such Principles as are consonant to those 
natural Rights which every freeman ought to enjoy in delegating his 
Power to others for the purpose of establishing a form of Govt for him.' 

The convention met at Cambridge September i, 1779. 
The delegates from Newburyport were Hon. Benjamin Green- 
leaf, Hon. Jonathan Greenleaf, Mr. Jonathan Jackson, Mr. 
Nathaniel Tracy and Theophilus Parsons, Esq. They were 
instructed, August 2, 1779, by the legal voters of the town, 
" to cause a printed copy of the form of a Constitution they 
may agree upon to be transmitted to the Selectmen of each 
Town & to the ConT^*^ of each Plantation to be laid before the 
several Towns for their approbation. "- 

The convention organized by the choice of Hon. James 
Bowdoin, president, and Samuel Barrett, Esq.. secretary. A 
committee consisting of two or three persons from each coun- 
ty was appointed to prepare a constitution to be submitted to 
the covention for rejection or approval. The members of this 
committee from Essex county were, Theophilus Parsons, Jon- 
athan Jackson and Samuel Phillips, Jr. They reported a 
few weeks later, but the convention did not complete its work 
until March 2. 1780, when it authorized the printing of the 
constitution and its distribution to the inhabitants of the sev- 
eral towns, and adjourned to meet in Boston on the first Wed- 
nesday in June. 

On the ninth day of May, 1780, the inhabitants of New- 
buryport appointed Patrick Tracy, Theophilus Bradbury and 
Micajah Sawyer "a committee to take into consideration the 
constitution or frame of government proposed to the inhabi- 
tants of this state by the late convention held at Cambridge, 
and report upon the same," and at the same meeting author- 
ized the delegates " to agree on a time when the form of gov- 
ernment shall take place without returning the same again to 

' Newburyport Town Records, vol. I., p. 314. 
- Newburyport Town Records, vol. I., p. 317. 



LIGHTHOUSES 



^5 



the People." Mr. Moses Hoyt was chosen to confer with 
the proprietors of the First Parish meeting-house, then stand- 
ing in Market sciuare, and secure permission to hold an ad- 
journed town meeting there, and the selectmen were directed 
torecjuest the ministers of the several churches to remind their 
hearers of the meeting to be held on the fifteenth day of May 
and impress upon them the importance of attending and vot- 
ing upon certain amendments to the proposed constitution.' 

The freeholders and other inhabitants of the town assem- 
bled at the time and j^lace appointed and voted, unanimously, 
to accept the constitution with some amendments, reported by 
the committee chosen for that purpose, defining the powers 
and duties of the governor and council, separating the execu- 
tive from the legislative department of the government, reduc- 
ing the number of representatives and suggesting some changes 
in the organization of military companies and the appointment 
of judges for the supreme as well as for the county courts. 

Three days later, " their former delegates," Hon. Benjamin 
Greenleaf, Hon. Jonathan Greenleaf, Mr. Jonathan Jackson, 
Mr. Nathaniel Tracy and Theophilus Parsons, Esq. (elected 
August 2, 1779), were requested to attend the adjourned 
meeting of the convention " to be held the first Wednesday 
in June and use their influence to secure the adoption of the 
constitution with, or without, the amendments proposed. - 

The convention re-assembled, June 7, 1780, in the Brattle 
Street meeting-house in Boston. The returns made by the 
several towns in the commonwealth were examined and the 
convention declared, on the sixteenth day of June, that the 
constitution had been adopted and would take effect on the last 
Wednesday in October having received more than two-thirds of 
the votes cast by the inhabitants of the state of Massachusetts. 

LIGHTHOUSES. 

March 20, 171 2-3, a committee was appointed by the Gen- 
eral Court to receive proposals for building a lighthouse on 

' Newburyport Town Records, vol. I., pp. 326, 327. 
- Newburyport Town Records, vol. I., pp. 328, 331. 



6 6 HIS TORY OF NE WB UR YPORl 

Beacon island, at the entrance to Boston harbor, and ascertain 
what encouragement the government will give for its support.' 
On the seventeenth day of June following, an act was passed 
placing a tax on all vessels entering, or departing from, the 
harbor of Boston, after the completion of the lighthouse.'' July 
22, 1 71 5, the General Court appropriated five hundred pounds, 
and subsequently additional sums to the amount of nineteen 
hundred pounds in all, to defray the cost of the light-keeper's 
house and tower erected on Beacon island.^ The commis- 
sioner of imports was ordered, November 27, 1716, "to supply 
the Keeper of the Light House with Oyl, weeks & candles, 
for the maintaining of the light. "^ The work of construction 
evidently occupied nearly two }'ears, but it w^as well done and 
thoroughly satisfactory when completed. This lighthouse 
was the first one erected in the province of Massachusetts 
Bay. 

April 2, 1 77 1, some of the inhabitants of Marblehead pe- 
titioned the General Court for the erection of one or more light- 
houses on or near Cape Ann. In answer to this petition the 
General Court appointed a committee, consisting of Capt. 
Nathaniel Allen, John Erving, Esq,. Capt. Patrick Tracy, and 
others, to select a suitable place, and to build the lighthouses 
if necessary. The committee recommended the purchase of 
Thacher's island by the province of Massachusetts Bay, and 
their recommendation was adopted and two lighthouses were 
erected there in 1772.^^ 

In 1783, two beacons were erected on Plum island to aid 
shipmasters and pilots and enable them to take vessels safely 
over the bar into the harbor of Newbury port. 

The commissary-general of the state of Massachusetts, 
" with Messieurs William Coombs, Michael Hodge & William 

' Mass. Archives (Court Records), vol. IX., p. 260. 

'** Mass. Archives (Court Records), vol. IX., p. 304. 

■'Mass. Archives (Court Records), vol. IX., p. 476; also, vol. X., pp. 35, 74, 
and 90. 

■^ Mass. Archives (Court Records), vol. X., p. 113. 

'" Province Laws, vol. V., p. 148. 

The island on which these lighthouses were built was granted to Mr. Anthony 
Thacher March 9, 1636-7, " vpon vvch hee was p'served from shipwrack." 
See History of Ncwl)ury (Currier), p 33, note . 



LIGHTHOUSES 



67 



Bartlett of Newburyport," was authorized by the General 
Court, in 1787, "to build two small wooden light houses on 
the north end of Plumb Island " to be supported and main- 
tained from funds provided iw that purpose, debts previously 
contracted, however, to be first discharged ; "but if any person 
or persons will advance money for the support of said lights to 
be erected as aforesaid, the commissary-general is directed to 
charge the money so advanced to the said funds."' 

The merchants of Newburyport voluntarily contributed the 
sum needed, in order to avoid a long delay, and the light- 
houses were probably built during the following summer. 



[September 17, 
1 7<S7] Voted to 
grant leave to Mr. 
Wm Bartlet & otli- 
ers to appoint a 
man to live in and 
take care of the 
P'ort & lights on 
Plumb Island at 
the expense of said 
Bartlett & others 
agreeable to their 
petition. - 




TJGHTHOl'SK., I S6o. 



There w-as evidently some doubt in regard to the right of the 
town to grant the prayer of the petitioners, and the above vote 
was therefore reconsidered, slightly modified, and then re- 
adopted as follows : — 

[September 17, 17S7] \'oted to grant Mr. W'" Bartlet & others con- 
cern'd in Navigation all the liberty that the Town has a right to grant for 
said Bartlet & others to appoint a man to live in & take care of the Fort 
on Plumb Island at the expense of the Gentlemen concerned in Naviga- 
tion as stated in their petition. - 

' " Ould Newbury, " p. 214-2 r5. 

- Newburyport Town Record?, vol. I., p. 497. 

" The Essex Journal and New Hampshire Packet" announced April 2, 1788, 
that two lighthouses had been erected on the north end of Plum island, and that 
three small houses had been built on the east side of the island for the convenience 
of seamen cast ashore there. American Antiquarian Society, Worcester, Mass. 



68 



HIST OR y OF NE WB UR YPOR T 



June 10, 1790. the General Court passed an act ceding 
the hghthcHises, and the land under and adjoining the same, to 
the United States. Since that date they have been main- 
tained by the Federal government. One of the lighthouses 
was destroyed by fire August 8, 1856; the other, in connec- 
tion with a low movable light was used for twenty-five or 
thirty years longer, when it was taken down and a new light- 
house erected. 

The half-tone print on the preceding page gives a view of 






'«'WS^ 




the old lighthouse ; the half-tone print on this page gives a view 
of the lighthouse now standing. 

LOCATION OF WATCH HOUSE. 

In 1773, the lower part of the town house, on Fish, now 
State street, was used as a watch house.' During that year, 
or the year following, a new watch house was erected on the 
northeasterly side of what is now known as Market square. 



Newliurypnrt Town l\ecords, vol. I., p. 169. 



SLA FES AND SLA VEHOLDERS. 



69 



The plan of Market Square landing, copied from the town 
records, gives the exact location of the building on the thirtieth 
day of January, 1775.' 

One article in the warrant for a town meeting to be held in 
Newburyport, March 20, 1787, reads as follows : — • 

To see if the Town will give Mr. Andrew Frothingham liberty to 
mov'e, at his own expense, the watch house now standing on the Town's 
land near the Rev. Mr Gary's meeting house, ... to some more 
suitable and convenient place or situation belonging to the Town.- 

March 18, 1788, the selectmen were requested "to move 
the watch house on the Towns Land near where the work 
house now stands."^ 

SLAVES AND SLAVEHOLDERS. 

Although the number of slaves in Newburyport was never 
very large the purchase and sale of negro men and women, 
brought from the Barbadoes and other islands in the West 
Indies, for some of the prominent inhabitants of the town, was 
not considered illegal or disreputable previous to the close of 
the Revolutionary war. 

In 1774, Deacon Benjamin Colman, of Newburyport, vigor- 
ously denounced " the unnatural and unwarrantable custom of 
. enslavmg mankind " and occasionally an industrious colored 
servant ran away from his master or boldly refused to obey 
his orders. 

" Caesar a mullato man, otherwise called Caesar Hendrick, 
laborer," in March, 1773, brought a suit against Richard 
Greenleaf, Esq., of Newburyport, " for false imprisonment and 
restraint in servitude as the said Richard's slave." 

This case was the first one involving the rights and duties 
of master and slave brought in the court of common ])leas 
in Essex county, and the question in dispute was interesting 
and important. It was tried in Newburyport September 28, 
1773. Daniel Farnham, attorney-at-law, offered the follow- 

' Newburyport Town Records, vol. I., p. 236. For this plan see chapter IIL 
^ Newburyport Town Records, vol. I., p. 476. 
■^Newburyport Town Records, vol. L, p. 509. 



70 



HIS TOR Y OF NE IV B UR YPORT 



ing bill of sale as evidence that Caesar was the property of 
his client, Richard Greenleaf : — - 

Know all Men by these Presents That I Joseph Woodbridge of Newbury 
in the county of Efsexand Province of the Mafsachusetts Bay, Boatbuilder 
In consideration of the Sum of Sixty Six pounds thirteen Shilhngs and 
four pence lawful Money to me in hand paid by Richard Greenleaf of 
the same Newbury Gentleman Do hereby Grant and sell to the said 
Richard Greenleaf my molatto Slave Ctefar of about Sixteen years of 
age. To have and To hold the said molatto Slave To him the said 
Richard Greenleaf his heirs afsigns Execs & admis as an abfolute eifate 
forever free from any manner of Incumbrance and to be his & their 
Slave & Servant during his Natural Life. And I the sd Joseph for my 
self my Execis & admrs Do hereby covenant wth the said Richard Greenleaf 
his Exec's & admis that I have good Right to sell and Dispose of the 
molatto aforesd to him in manner as aforesaid and that I will warrant 
and defend him against the claims of any Person whatsoever. In Testi- 
mony wherof I have hereunto put my hand and Seal this Twelfth Day 
of December i 754 

Signed Sealed and Delivd 
In the Presence of 

John Knight Joseph Woodbridge [seal]' 

Benjamin Woodbridge 

John Lowell, Esq., afterwards a justice of the United States 
circuit court for the district of Massachusetts, counsel for 
Caesar, obtained a verdict in his favor, and damages were 
awarded by the court, amounting to eighteen pounds. From 
this decision Richard Greenleaf appealed, October 2, 1773, 
to the sujireme court of judicature in the county of Essex, 
but, probably, he did not consider it advisable to continue 
the contest, as no further action was taken in regard to it, 
according to the records of that coiu^t. 

\\'illiam Da\en])ort, innkeei:)er and owner of Wolfe taxern, 
died September 2, 1773. A negro woman, \alued at three 
pounds and a negro child, valued at se\en ])ounds, were ap- 
praised with merchandise, household furniture. West India 
rum, etc., when the inventory of his estate was made on the 
third day of October following. - 

' From the Docket and Court Files, Salem, Mass. 
"Ould Newbury," p. 501. 



SLAVES AND SLAVEHOLDERS 71 

111 the Essex Gazette, published in Salem October 18-25, 
1 774, is the following advertisement : — 

Run away from Jofeph Leathers, of Newbury-Port, this morning, a 
Negro Man named Charleftown, about 21 Years of Age, about 5 Feet, 6 
Inches high, fpeaks good EngHf h ; one of his Fingers made crooked and 
ftiff by Means of a Fellon ; had on a bUie Jacket, white Breeches, and a 
Bilboa Cap. Whoever fecures him, fo that I may have him again, fhall 
have Six Dollars Reward, all necelTarv Charges paid. 

Newburj'-Port, Oct. 24, 1774. Joseph Leathers.' 

Jonathan Jackson, a wealthy and influential citizen of New- 
buryport, built in 1771, or in 1772, the Dexter house on High 
street now owned and occupied by Nathaniel G. Pierce, Esq. 
Before the declaration of independence was signed he gave 
*' to his negro man Pomp," who afterwards served in the Con- 
tinental army, the following certificate or bill of sale : — 

Know all men by these Presents that I Jonathan Jackson of Newbury 
Port in the County of Essex, Gentleman, in Consideration of the Impro- 
priety I feel & have long felt, in holding any Person in Constant Bond- 
age more especially at a time when my Country is so warmly contending 
for the liberty every man ought to enjoy, and having some time since 
promised my negro man Pomp that I would give him his Freedom, and 
in further consideration of five shillings paid me by said Pomp, do here- 
by liberate, manumit, & set him free, and I do herebv from the date of 
these Presents remise & release unto the said Pomp all Demands of 
whatever nature I have against the said Pomp. In witness whereof I 
have hereunto set my Hand and Seal this nineteenth day of June in the 
year of our Lord one thousand seven hundred & seventy-six 

Sign'd, seaFd & deliverVl in 

the presence of Jon-^ Jackson ^ 

Mary Coburn, William Noyes 

In June, 1781, three suits, involving the right to hold slaves 
in Massachusetts, were commenced in the inferior court of. 
common pleas for the county of Worcester. From the ^'er- 
dict rendered by the jury, in the cases tried at that term of 
the court, an appeal was taken to the superior court held in 

' Newspaper Files, Essex Institute, Salem, Mass. 

- Probate Records of vSuffolk county, vol. 75, p. 36 (72); " Ould Newbury,"' p. 
565. 



72 



HIS TOR Y OF NE WB UR YPOR T 



Worcester in the month of September following". The final 
judgment put an end to slavery within the limits of the state.' 
Some slaves, however, were not anxious to escape from bond- 
age, and remained in submission to their masters until released 
by death. 

Patrick Tracy in his will, dated October i6, 1788, and 
proved April 6, 1789, gave to the children of his son, Nathan- 
iel Tracy, several acres of land opposite the burying-ground 
in Newburyport with the following restrictions: — 

I hereby reserve to my faithful black man Apropos a right to dwell 
with his family in the house now standing upon my land or field afore- 
said, by the burying Place, in which he now dwells, and also a Right 
during his the said Apropos natural Life to improve the Garden adjoining 
his said dwelling House which Rights, free of any Rent, I hereby give and 
confirm to him, the said Apropos, during his own Life and no longer. - 

He also gave "to the said Apropos" six pounds a year to 
be paid in instalments on the first day of January, May and 
September of each year. 

And further I hereby enjoin it upon my children that when and so far 
as the said Apropos is incapacitated from accjuiring his subsistence, and 
that with comfort, that they equally join in assisting him to render his life 
comfortable and this I expect from my children as the}- value my injunc- 
tions or shall respect my memory. - 

SMALLPOX AND OTHER CONTAGIOUS DISEASES. 

In 1776, smallpox was again prevalent in Newbury and 
Newburyport. The hospitals at Plum island and in the great 

'Mass. Hist. Soc. Coll., vol. IV., First series, p. 203; Ibid., vol. I., Fourih 
series, p. 90; Iliid., vol. IV., Fourth series, pp. 323-346. 

" The strongest expression in the Constitution, perhaps, is the opening declara- 
tion of the Bill of Rights, that 'all men are born free and equal ', &c. Nor can 
too much credit be ascribed to the Hon. John Lowell in procuring the insertion of 
this clause, since it took from the Legislature the power of ever legalizing slavery 
without a radical amendment, by the people, of the organic law of the Common- 
wealth. But it will be perceived that the advocate for the slave, in their case, 
rested his claim upon the incompatibility of slavery with our condition as a peo- 
ple, quite as much as upon any new right declared or sustained by the Constitution. 
Indeed, there is nothing in the Constitution which expressly abrogates, or even 
recognizes slavery as an existing political institution." Mass. Hist. Soc. Coll., vol. 
IV., Fourth series, p. 340. 

" Essex Probate Records, vol. 360, p. 98. 



SMALLPOX AND OTHER CONTAGIOUS DLSEASES 73 

pasture were repaired and made ready for immediate use. On 
the second day of April, John Lowell, Tristram Dalton, Abel 
Greenleaf and Jonathan Marsh, four of the selectmen of New- 
buryport, sent the following notice to Jonathan Call and James 
Kettell, constables : — 

As this Town have occasion for the use of their house on Pkunb Island 
where Joseph Bootman and others dwell, you are directed to give the 
said Bootman, & whoever else you may find there, notice immediately to 
leave the said House and in case they refuse so to do you are forthwith 
to remove them therefrom.' 

The next day constable Kettle was ordered to take a man 
sick with the smallpox, from the schooner Polly, and place him 
in charge of a competent nurse in the house on Plum island.' 

At a meeting of the selectmen of Newbury and Newbur)- 
port, held on the seventeenth day of July following, at the 
house of Dudley Colman, it was agreed to put up gates at the 
bridges over Parker river and employ a sufficient number of 
men to guard them. 

The gate & guard at Old Town Bridge to be kept and maintained at 
the expense of Newburvport, the gate and guard at Thirlow"s Bridge 
to kept & maintained at the expense of the town of Newbury. 

The guard to be kept at the Pest House in the great pasture to be paid 
equally by the towns of Newbury & Newbur}i3ort.i 

The following instructions were sent by the selectmen of 
Newburyport to John Bootman who was employed to guard 
the " Old Town Bridge :" — 

You are to attend the gate from sunrise to nine of the clock in the 
evening : when you retire to rest lock the gate ; you are to lodge in ye 
small shop near the Bridge that you may hear easily if any person comes 
in the night and wants a passage.' 

November 13, 1780, the inhabitants of Newburyport voted 
to remove the hospital from Plum island,- and September 17, 
1 78 1, the overseers of the poor were instructed to examine 
" the house bro't up from Plum Island" and ascertain the cost of 

'Newburyport (Selectmen's) Records. 
"Newburyport Town Records, vol. I., p. 340. 



y 4 HIS TORY OF NE IV B UR YPOR T 

repairing;' it.' On the sixteenth day of May following, the 
selectmen were directed " to sell the materials bro't up from 
Plum Island belonging to the Pest House. ""- 

April 1 6, 1782, the constables of Newburyport were noti- 
fied by the selectmen to remove " to the Pest House in Com- 
mon Pasture '" all persons infected with the smallpox, and to 
prohibit vessels from coming up to the wharves of the town 
without permission of the health officer. P^)r the purpose of 
carr\ing this order into effect, pilots bringing \'essels into the 
harbor were required to anchor them below Black Rocks for 
examination.' 

On the thirteenth day of May, Zebedee and Elias Hunt, 
owners of the brig Vulture, were ordered to procure a small 
vessel and take the crew and passengers of the brig, infected 
with the smallpox, to Rainsford island in Boston harbor. 
Two days later this order was modified and the sick men 
were taken on board a small vessel and carried up Black Rocks 
creek, as far as possible from the shipping at anchor in the 
river. -^ 

Stephen Swasey, constable, was directed, September 6, 
1784, to fumigate and thoroughly cleanse the ship Count 
de Grasse and take the passengers from said ship to Kent's 
landing and thence by the most convenient route to the small- 
pox hospital in Common pasture. ^^ 

At a meeting held March 10, 1784, the ability of " widow 
Mercy Greenleaf " to pay for medicine, food and nurses fur- 
nished members of her family, " whilst sick with the smallpox 
at the pest house," was brought to the attention of the town, 
and a committee was appointed to ascertain the facts and re- 
port at an adjourned meeting. •♦ 

A small amount of personal property and real estate to the 
value of five or six hundred pounds was found in the posses- 
sion of Mrs. Greenleaf, and the selectmen were thereupon 



' Newharyport Town Records, vol. I., p. 364. 
"Newburyport Town Records, vol. I., p. 385. 
^ NewburyptJtt (Selectmen's) Records. 
•'Newburyport Town Records, vol. I., p. 419. 



SMALLPOX AND THE Li CONTAGLOUS DISEASES 



75 



requested to call upon her " for the Repayment of the moneys 
expended by the Town."' 

In 1788, smallpox was again prevalent in Newbury and 
Newburyport, and the voluntary inoculation of persons in 
health, with the most virulent form of the disease, became 
more and more frequent, although looked upon with disfavor 
by many of the inhabitants of the two towns. 

On the eighth day of May, the family of Jonathan Pliunmer, 
having been granted liberty, by the town of Newbury, to use 
the hos])ital in Common pasture " for inoculation by small- 
l)ox," the selectmen of Newburyport insisted that the use of 
the building for that purpose was illegal and detrimental to 
the public health. The subject was brought to the attention 
of the inhabitants of Newbury^3ort at a meeting held May 
sixteenth, and it was then voted : — 

If any person or persons shall be inoculated, or shall inoculate others for 
the Smallpox, the selectmen of this town are desired to prosecute them, in 
the law, for sucli offence on behalf and at the expense of this Town.- 

The selectmen were also instructed to take such steps and 

' A story, founded on the facts above stated, entitled " Widow Greenleaf's 
Debt " was published in the Boston Evening Transcript, Saturday, March 19, 
1S9S, but the details of the call, made by the selectmen, at the house of widow 
Greenleaf are evidently fictitious and manufactured " from such stuff as dreams 
are made of." 

According to the story, the worthy ofHcials representing the town were re- 
ceived by the widow with marked respect, ushered into the room where her hus- 
band had died of smallpox and told they might take the money they demanded 
from beneath the bed-'ick that had not been washed or cleansed since his death. 

" Mercy, who was by the bedside, quickly threw the outer covers directly over 
Mr. Tilcomb's head. This was more than flesh could stand, and wigless, he 
made a rush for the door and open air, muttering prayers and curses, strangely 
mingled, as fear and rage took possession of him. fust as he fled another cover- 
let came waving toward the next selectman, who dodged it and jumped for the 
door. The others not knowing exactly why, but being filled with the one idea of 
escape, came rushing after, like a flock of sheep, tumbling over each other in the 
narrow hall. Mercy dropped the covers and ran to the door, calling after the 
retreating figures: " The tick's uncovered, and one of you gentlemen's left a wig." 

It appears from the town records that Newburyport had only five selectmen in 
17S4, instead of eight as stated by the author of the story referred to above, and 
Mr. Titcomb was not one of that numlier. Other details of the story are not in 
harmony with the recorded facts and were probably supplied, arranged and ad- 
justed to excite curiosity and especially to give an appearance of reality to an 
amusing and fictitious narrative. The selectmen who were chosen and served for 
one year from March 10, 1784, were Col. Edward Wigglesworth, Capt. David 
Coats, Capt. William Coombs, Capt. Michael Hodge and Mr. William Bartlett, 

"Newburyport Town Records, vol. I., p. 520. 



7 6 HIS TORY OF NE WB UR YPOR T 

adopt such rules and regulations as they might consider nec- 
essary to prevent the spread of smallpox and other contagious 
diseases in the town. 

In 1793, the inhabitants of Newburyport were alarmed by 
the report that the regulations were inefificient. 

On the twenty-third day of September, Capt. Joseph Noyes 
was appointed health officer and ordered to detain below- 
Black Rocks all vessels arriving from foreign ports until they 
could be examined and thoroughly disinfected ;' and on the 
fourteenth day of October following a special committee was 
chosen to select a suitable place for a new and more commo- 
dious hospital for the accommodation of persons who desired 
to be inoculated with smallpox.^ 

At a meeting held November 8, 1793, the inhabitants of 
Newburyport voted that the hospital then building in Common 
pasture should be furnished with chairs, tables, bedsteads and 
bedding and made ready for immediate use. Dr. Charles 
Coffin, Jr., was employed to take charge of the hospital. 

One man at least shall constantly be kept by the physician as a guard 
to keep off intruders and to see that the patients conduct themselves 
agreeably to the rules and regulations prescribed.3 

All persons wishing to be inoculated were requested to ap- 
ply to the physician in charge of the hospital.-* The inhabi- 
tants of Newburyport were expected to pay a nominal sum for 
medicine and nursing, and two dollars additional was collected 
for the use of the hospital from every patient residing else- 
where. March 7, 1794, the selectmen reported a list of more 
than fifty persons, living in Newbury, Rowley and neighbor- 
ing towns, who had paid the fee and been admitted to the 
privileges of the hospital.' After the tenth day of April, how- 
ever, the alarm created by the prevalence of the disease sub- 
sided, and nurses and physicians were discharged, but persons 
wishing to be inoculated were granted the free use of the hos- 
pital by the selectmen. 

' Newburyport (Selectmen's) Record.s. 

^Newburyport Town Records, vol. II., p. 79. 

^Newburyport Town Records, vol. II., p. 81. 

'' Essex Journal and New Hampshire Packet, Nov. 20, 1 793. 



HAY SCALES yy 

THE AMERICAN ACADEMY OF ARTS AND SCIENCES. 

This association, established for the cultivation and promo- 
tion of the arts and sciences, was the first scientific society in- 
corporated in the state of Massachusetts and, with the excep- 
tion of the American Philosophical society of Philadelphia, the 
first within the present limits of the United States. 

Tristram Dalton, Jonathan Jackson, John Lowell, The- 
ophilus Parsons, Oliver Prescott, Micajah Sawyer, Dr. John 
Barnard Sweat and Nathaniel Tracy of Newburyport, with 
some of the prominent citizens of Boston, Salem and other 
towns in the commonwealth were made " a body politic and 
incorporated" by an act of the General Court May 4, 1780.' 

According to the articles of association the society was or- 
ganized "to promote and encourage medical discoveries, math- 
ematical disquisitions, philosophical enquiries and experi- 
ments ; astronomical, meteorological and geographical observa- 
tions ; improvements in agriculture, arts, manufactures and 
commerce ; and, in fine, to cultivate every art and science which 
may tend to advance the interest, honor, dignity and happi- 
ness of a free, independent and virtuous people." 

The society has published fifty or sixty volumes on scientif- 
ic subjects and is still actively engaged in philosophical and 
astronomical research. It has a library of twenty-six thousand 
volumes, and a few interesting and valuable portraits, now in 
the Massachusetts Historical Society building on Boylston 
street, Boston. 

HAY SCALES. 

In March, 1685, the inhabitants of Newburyport voted to 
build, at the expense of the town, scales capable of weighing 
a wagon load of hay, grain or other agricultural produce, and 
appointed a committee to select a suitable location. On the twen- 
ty-ninth day of March, this committee recommended that land 
belonging to the town " at the northwesterly end of P'rog Pond 
near where the Rope walk formerly stood, about five rods from 

' Province Laws, vol. V., p. 1 194. • 



78 



HIS TOR V OF NE IV B UR YPOR T 



the land belonging to the heirs of Daniel Farnham, Esq., 
deceased," be set apart and used for the accommodation of the 
hay scales until otherwise ordered.' August 15, 1785, the 
selectmen paid Thomas Harvey eighteen pounds " for materials 
used in building the hay scales." 

The frame that supported the formidable structure was made 
of wood, high enough and wide enough, to admit a wagon 
loaded with hay. From a large overhead beam, heavy chains 
came down to the ground. When these chains were fastened 
beneath the wagon the whole load was raised by means of 
blocks and falls, so that it swung clear and its weight could be 
easily ascertained. 

The hay scales remained at the northwesterly end of Frog 
pond until 1823 when they were removed to a more convenient 
location near the junction of High and Pond streets. 

The public are informed that the hay scales belonging to the town 
are removed to a convenient spot near the South East end of the mall. 
The Beam, Weights, and Apparatus for weighing have recently been ad- 
justed by the Sealer of Weights and Measures and put in good order to 
weigh correctly. Capt. Charles Hodge, who resides near the Hay Scales, 
is appointed to the charge of the scales and will attend punctually to 
the weighing of Hay and other Articles." 

NEWSPAPER ADVERTISEMENTS. 

" The Essex Joiumal and Merrimack Packet, or the Massa- 
chusetts and New Hampshire General Advertiser," a weekly 
newspaper was published in Newburyport as early as 1773. 
John Mycall piu'chased the printing press and movable types, 
in 1775, and the name of the paper was changed to "The 
Essex Journal and New Hampshire Packet." In the columns 
of this paper, on file in the libraries of the Boston Athenaium 

' Newburyport Town Records, vol. 1., p. 437. 

-Newburyport Herald, July 25, 1823. 

The inhabitants of Newburyport qualified to vote in town affairs were notified 
to meet March 28, 1832, " To see if they will authorize the selectmen, or a spec- 
ial committee, to purchase Stevens' patent balances and locate them in a conven- 
ient place for the accommodation of the Town; and also to dispose of the hay 
scales now owned by the town; agreeable to the petition of Henry Toppan and 
others." Newburyport Town Records, vol. HI., p. 230. 

March 25, 1834, the selectmen were authorized "to sell the hay scales belong- 
ing to the town." Newburyport ^"own Records, vol. HI., p. 293. 



NE IVSPAPER AD VER TISEMENTS 



79 



and the American Antiquarian Society at Worcester, is the 
following advertisement : — 

[Januarj' 19, 1775] Just Published (Price one Pistereen) and to be 
sold By Benjamin Johnson, near the Rev. Mr. Tucer"s Meeting House, 
a North East View of the Town and Harbour of Newbury Port, taken just 
above the Powder-house. — Sold also by Edward Harris and George 
Searle. N. B. The above piece may be had at each place, Framed, 
Glazed and Coloured. 

This view of Newburyport was evidently sketched by an 
amateur artist whose ideas of distance and perspective were 
exceedingly crude and erroneous. It was engraved on copper 
at a time when there were only two or three skillful engravers 
in Massachusetts. It is probably the oldest view of Newbury- 
port now extant and has therefore some historical value. It 
is reproduced in the half tone print on the next page.' 

Before the Revolutionary war, and for many years after- 
wards, curious signs, or emblems of trade, were displayed, by 
the shopkeepers of Newburyport, to attract attention and in- 
dicate the kind of goods they had for sale. Lewis Jenkins, at 
the sign of the Golden Ball, advertised in the Essex Journal 
" India and European goods, black and white satin, Laces, 
Japanned ware, &c., &c." Timothy Dexter, at the sign of 
the Glove, opposite Somerby's landing at the foot of what is 
now Green street had for sale " Good Deer, Sheep and Moose 
skins. Likewise Deer, Sheep and Moose skin Breeches and a 
quantity of good blubber.'"- Dealers in foreign merchandise 
were notified that the ship Peace had arrived "at Mr. Mar- 
quand's wharf with a good supply of Malaga and Sherry 
wines, Rasins, and Cadiz salt," and Thomas Merrill, who 
kept a tavern near Rev. Mr. Gary's meeting house, in what is 
now Market square, announced to his customers that he made 
"Apple and Mince Pies in the neatest and best manner," and 
sold them at a reasonable price. ^ 

' One of these copper-plate engravings was sold at a book auction in Boston in 
April, 1904. It was inserted, with other views, in an extra illustrated copy of the 
Life of Rev. George Whitefield, by D. A. Harsha. 

- Essex Journal and New Hampshire Packet, April 5-12, 1776. 

■' Essex Journal and Mass. and N. H. General Advertiser, Oct. 27, 1784. 



NE WSPA PER A D VER TISEMEXTS. g I 

The baking" and selling of bread was regulated by the se- 
lectmen July 3, 1786, as follows: — 

A penny white loaf to weigh o lb. 5 oz. 11 dr. 

A two penny ditto o li S 

A four penny ditto i 7 2 

Seven biscuit, of a copper price each 1 6 4 

All other bread to weigh in the same proportion.' 

At a meeting of the selectmen held this sixteenth of October, 1793, the 
following assize of Bread was appointed viz : — 

Two penny loaf to weigh o lb. 1 1 oz. 9 dr. 

Four penny " " 17 3 

Six penny " << 2213 

Penny Biscuit o 5 13 

Four penny loaf, 3 qt. wheat, i qt. rye 270 

" " " not more than half Indian 2 15 o 

Wheat computated at 6-9 per Bushel and 1-3 allowed for Baking. 

John MyCall ~1 
Joshua Carter I Selectmen of 
Nathan Hoyt [ Newbuiyport' 
Bishop Norton J 

August 22,1 796, the weight of bread was fixed as follows : — 

Two penny white loaf 

Four penny ditto 

Six penny ditto 

Biscuit, price one penny each 

Biscuit, price two " 

f^our penny brown loaf 3 quarters wheat 

and one quarter Rye meal i S 

Four penny brown loaf not more than 

half Indian meal. 2 o' 

Bakers were ordered to mark the bread baked by them with 
the first letter of their Christian name and the first and last 
letter of their surname. - 

February 26, 1799, a new law regulating the weight of bread 
was passed by the General Court and approved by the govern- 
or. ^ After that date a uniform weight of four ounces, or eight 

' Newburyport (Selectmen's) Records. 

- Impartial Herald, Aug. 27, 1796. 

'Acts and Resolves, 179S-1799, ch. LXVII. 



lb. 


8 oz. 


I 





I 


8 





4 





8 



8 2 HIS TOR Y OF NE WB UK YPOR T 

ounces, was fixed as the weight for all soft biscuit offered for 
sale, and one, two, three or four pounds for bread in loaves. 

LETTERS TO AND FROM GOVERNOR BOWDOIN. 

In April, 1785, Hon. James Bowdoin was elected governor 
of the state of Massachusetts. He advocated in a message 
sent to the General Court, on the thirty-first day of May fol- 
lowing, the ai:)pointment of delegates from e\'er}^ state in the 
union, to meet in convention, for the purpose of revising the 
articles of confederation and determining what additional 
power should be granted congress for the protection of Amer- 
ican commerce. The inhabitants of Newbur\'port expressed 
their appreciation of his patriotism and abilit}' in the follow- 
ing address : — 

M.AV It Please Your Excellency: 

The Inhabitants of the Town of Newburyport l)eg' lea\'e to express to 
3'our Excellency, their great satisfaction at vour promotion to the place 
of lirst Magistrate of this Commonwealth. The critical state of our 
Commerce and the weight of Publick debt that presses us, demand the 
strictest attention to every commercial & economical principle, that may 
extricate us from our embarrassed situation ; and it gives us the greatest 
pleasure to reflect, that we have, by the Blessing of Heaven a Governor 
whose abilities, integrity & unremitted attention to the interests of the 
People, will provide every remedy in the power of the supreme executive 
authority of this Commonwealth. 

When we look back to 3'our Excellencv's conduct during the adminis- 
tration of the late royal governors, at a time when the rights and liberties 
of the people were struggling against the encroachments of ambition, 
and the lust of power, when secret influence, aided by all the douceurs in 
the gift of Royalty, was making large strides to divide <S: oppress us, we 
find your Excellency, unawed by power, unseduced by the flattering- 
attentions of its artful minions, uniformlv employed in stemming the tor- 
rent of corruption, and in supporting the privileges, and freedom of vcnn- 
country. We cannot therefore but view it as an auspicious omen, to 
our fellow citizens, that at this time the same Cientleman is placed in the 
chair of Government that he may contribute to the preserving and con- 
tinuing of those political blessings, he was so greatly instrumental in 
procuring. We hope your Excellency will not consider this address as 
indicating an inclination to enjoy the particular attentions of the Supreme 
Magistrate. We know your Excellency too well to e.xpect any other from 



LETTERS TO AXD FROM GOVERXOR BOWDOLV 83 

your administration, that what we shall receive in common with our fel- 
low citizens, and it is our own opinion, that such advantages only, have we 
a rioht to expect. We are however fully sensible that the best administra- 
tion of the several powers of government will not alone render a people 
happy. They must contribute to this benevolent design, by a steady 
adherence to the principles of Piety, Religion and Morality. 

These principles ought to be widely diffused, and deeply implanted, 
and it gives us sincere pleasure, that the Tenor of your Excellency's life 
exhibits a distinguished example, worthy of our imitation. 

As the powers with which your Excellency is invested by the Consti- 
tution are a trust delegated by the people to be employed for their bene- 
fit we beg your Excellency to be assured that in the application of 
them you shall receive from us every assistance we can afford you, neces- 
sary to render your administration honorable to yourself and usefull to 
the Publick 

By order of the Town & on their behalf 

E^IJWARD WuiGLE.S WORTH 

\ David Coats 
M. Hodge 
Will"*' Coombs 
W*i Bartlet 

Selectmen of Ne-wbitrypoi-t. ' 
Newhukvi'or r, July 7, 1785. 

Hon. Nathaniel Tracy, Theo})hilus Parsons, Escj., and Tris- 
tram Dalton, Esq., were appointed a committee to present 
the above address to His Excellency Governor Bowdoin. He 
gratefully acknowledged this public expression of confidence 
and esteem in the following letter : — 

Gextlemex : 

The address of the Town of Newbur\-port conceived in terms so 
respectfull does me great Honour. 

I beg the favour of the Selectmen to signify to the Town my grateful 
acknowledgements for it, and that you Gentlemen their worthy commit- 
tee would accept my thanks for the polite manner in which it has been 
communicated. 

It is very unfortunate that at a time when the weight of the public 
debt presses heavilv upon us, our comnierce should be in so embarassed 
a state. This embarassment however, was an effect to be expected from 
the excessive importations, that have taken place, but very happily, it will 
work its own cure, which will be hastened by a strict attention to the 

^ Newburyport Town Records, vol. I., p. 450. 



84 HIS TOR I ' OF NE IV B UR ) 'FOR T 

principles so judiciously pointed out by the address. An attention to the 
same principles will also operate to the diminution & iinal discharge of 
the public debt. I should be happy in suggesting means that would in 
either case co-operate with those principles. 

In the mean time, amidst the embarassments arising from the greatness 
of that debt it must give a high satisfaction to reflect that it purchased 
the liberty of our country. 

That liberty and that debt, in circumstances like ours, are in our ideas 
of them necessarily associated, & the latter however pressing considered 
in that association, cannot be deemed an evil. 

To every person not wholly destitute of sensibility it must give a real 
pleasure to be assured that his public conduct is approved by his covmtry- 
men, especiallv when it has a reference to times, & circumstances pecu- 
liarly difficult & interesting. 

The assurances now given that my past conduct has been thus approved 
give me the highest satisfaction and it shall be my endeavor in the impor- 
tant station, in which my countrymen have placed me, that they shall have 
no reason to withdraw their good opinion. 

The good people of Newburyport, too generous to indulge a monopo- 
lizing spirit, wish from my administration for those advantages only, which 
their fellow citizens in general, in common with themselves, have a right 
to expect and these so far as my influence shall extend they certainly 
shall receive. 

The best administration of government (as they justly observe) will 
not alone render a people happy, they must contribute to their own happi- 
ness by an adherance to the principles recommended in the address. 
" Those principles ought to be " and I wish to see them " widely diffused 
and deeply implanted." 

I thank the town for the assurances they have so obligingly given that 
in the application of the powers with which I am vested by the constitu- 
tion 1 shall receive from them every assistance they can afford, necessary 
to render the administration of government honourable to the governour 
and usefull to the publick. 

On my part it is proper to assure them that as those powers were 
derived from the people to be employed for their benefit, the assistance 
of my brother citizens of Newburjport shall be requested only in cases 
in which the affording it shall conduce to their own honour and benefit, 
and to the honour and benefit of the commonwealth. 

James Bowdoix.' 

Boston, July 22, lySS- 

' Newburyport Town Records, vol. I., p. 471. 



LVSTA'L'CT/ONS TO REPRESEi\7\-iTIVES, ETC. 85 

INSTRUCTIONS TO REPRESENTATIVES AND ENCOURAGEMENT 
OF HOME INDUSTRIES. 

Ill 1786, the low State of trade and commerce, the scarcity 
of money, and the burdensome taxes resulting from the war, 
led many prominent citizens of the state to favor the adoption 
of unscrupulous measures for the payment of public and pri- 
vate debts. The inhabitants of Newburyport vigorously op- 
posed the popular demand for more paper money, and evident- 
ly realized the necessity and importance of providing in some 
way for the prompt financial support of the national govern- 
ment. At a town meeting held May 22, 1786, the following 
instructions were ordered t(j be sent to the representatives to 
the General Ccnirt recently elected in Newburyport : — 

To the Honbl Jonathan Titcomb and Stephen Cross, Esq. representa- 
tives for the Town of Newburjport. 

Gentlemen : Notwithstanding we rely with the most perfect contidence 
in vour abilities, experience, zeal and patriotism, and tho we do not wish 
to lay your opinions under an irrational or unconstitutional control, or 
to possess an undue influence in the legislature, we doubt not it will give 
you the sincerest pleasure and to your opinions promptness, weight, & 
decision, to feel an assurance that in your legislative capacity, ycui are 
acting agreeable to the sentiments and interests not only ot yovu- 
constituents but of a respectable commercial town. 

To give energy and respectability to government, and to make it a 
blessing to the subject, we wish to see it supported with dignity. This 
can only be effected by a steady and most sacred regard to justice in all 
public engagements, the least departure from which must be productive 
of want of confidence and excite the most distressing anxiety in the best 
of subjects, and dissaffection and opposition in others, to the distraction 
& embarrasment and finally to the dissolution of all government. 

We conceive there are no promises or obligations more solemn than 
those entered into for supplies advanced and for the most honorable and 
hazardous services in defence of the sacred and invaded rights of this 
state. When destitute of monies, funds or resources, the creditor, dev.)ut- 
ly hoping a happy issue of a precarious, unequal and calamitous war, did 
not hesitate to accept the solemn pledge of his country's faith, as his only 
securitv, and most confidently relying on her Justice, resolved to stake his 
all on her ability and success. If for these obligations valuable considera- 
tions were received, especially if these considerations were perilous ser- 
vices and aids in support of what we had solemnly resolved to defend 



86 III ST OR y OF NE WB UR \ 'FOR T 

with our lives and fortunes, there can be none for whose fulhlhnent Jus- 
tice pleads more loudly: and we hope it is impossible that injustice shall 
ever be confounded with policy in the government of this state. Whether 
the original proprietor thro indiscretion or severe necessity has been com- 
pelled to part with them for a valuable or vile consideration, the obliga- 
tions of the state remain in their nature unchangeable and ought to be 
inviolable. 

We wish to see a reduction of the capital of the state debt & thereby 
a diminution of the enormous interest duly arising thereon, we doubt not 
to you it will be highly satisfactory to know the sentiments of your 
constituents on the mode of effecting this, which therefore we shall pro- 
pose, not doubting you will change it for a more eligible one, if offered in 
that honorable house of which you are elected members, or propose or 
inforce it, to the extent of vour influence, if there is not. 

After making provision for the support of (iovernment &c. To raise 
a sum of that species of securities commonly denominated final settle- 
ments in some proportion to the sum with which this commonwealth 
shall stand charged bv the congress of the United States whereby this 
state mav be exonerated of an annual interest bearing a high propor- 
tion to the current value of the principal : and its whole ability left to 
operate with greater freedom for the discharge of its other obligations 
which might be effected by sinking annually of its capital debt _^ 100,000 
untill it appreciated to par when its interest might be diminished by an 
easy reduction. 

The emission of a paper currency we deprecate as a calamity to pre- 
vent which we charge vou to use your utmost influence: — "the integrity 
of the upright shall guide them to safety but the injustice of transgressors 
shall be their destruction." 

We need not describe to you the discouraging embarassments of our 
commerce, they so universally affect the interests of all classes of the 
community as to excite the most anxious apprehensions. There are two 
ways of obtaining relief. By lessening the consumption of foreign man- 
ufactures and encouraging our o\\n. It is with the deepest regret we 
behold the mistaken policy of this Country in importing almost all their 
manufactures from a countrv allmost destitute of materials, many of 
whicii she imports from this countrv to be returned enhanced by all the 
labour bestowed by their children, their intirm, and their maimed while 
our own industrious labourers are wretchedly destitute of employ and 
they charge our remittances with every possible e.xpence and embarass- 
ment. 

Thus we are at once contributing to their revenue and the maintenance 
of their Poor. While at home we behold the lirst exhausted and the dis- 
tresses of the latter daily increasing and what they ought to regard as a 
charity they treat with the most uncharitable severity. 

W'e exceedinglv lament that in a country abounding with every mater- 



mSTKUCTIONS TO KEPKESEXTATIVES, ETC. 87 

ial, the ingenuity and dexterity of whose people are exceeded by none, 
the practice of ex-porting unwrought materials and importing manufactures 
should be general for we esteem it impolitic and uncommercial to export 
the former, till wrought to perfection, or to import the latter, especially 
when wrought from materials of our own produce, the encouragement 
and institution of which we think belongs to the government, as it is 
beyond the abilities of individuals : and to this end we most earnestly 
recommend it to you to exert your whole influence. 

The agriculture of this country is very imperfect and is an object wor- 
thy the dignity and attention of Government. It is the basis of manu- 
factures and both these are the pillars which only can support a flourish- 
ing commerce. " He that tilleth his land shall not want ; the king him- 
self is served of the field." 

We think we perceive evils of very great magnitude arising from the 
limited power of congress, we wish therefore an unreasonable Jealousy of 
the power of a body whose very existance with all its modes is change- 
able at the will of the states may not prevent the delegation of power, 
adecjuate to the establishment of general commercial regulations without 
which they cannot be beneficial, and that they may have as ample power 
for the discharge of obligations as for contracting them. 

It is not an affected reluctance we feel at calling your attention to tlie 
particular interests of this town. We feel a peculiar embarassment in 
pleading a cause where interest may be su.spected of having a prevalent 
influence that nothing can remove but the fullest conviction of a real 
grievance. In the late valuation we esteem ourselves rated much too 
high. We do not wish to conceal or extenuate anything, and if in this 
determination we are unfortunate we are extremely unhappy, for we can- 
not deviate from it. You will not fail to call attention to the honorable 
house to the terms of the memorial on the subject presented by the honor- 
able members of the town to which we cannot refrain from adding that if 
we are a respectable commercial Town yet we are very far from being 
the greatest in extent ox property; manv of our inhabitants were employed 
in the business of ship building by the languishing or rather expiring of 
which they are left destitute, or to seek new employ. The prompt atten- 
tion of this town to the public interest engaged them in some expensive 
works for the defence of this harbour as well as their neighbours, which 
the honorable general court, on the report of their respectable committee, 
approved as a measure prudent and necessary for the public safety. The 
charges remain unsatisfied. We will not reiterate but refer you to the 
petition on that subject, the prayer of which we humbly think is ecjually 
founded on precedent and justice. We charge you to regard the consti- 
tution and laws of this commonwealth with a religious solemnity and care- 
fulness. Your constituents esteem them invaluable possessions and look 
to you for their preservation and protection.' 

' Newburyport Town Records, vol. I., pp. 467-471. 



8 8 HIST OR Y OF NE WB UR YPOR T 

Societies were organized in Newburyport, Boston and else- 
where to check the importation of foreign mechandise and 
encourage the manufacture of cotton and woolen goods. Young 
men drank American porter and beer and wore American 
broadcloth. Young women, dressed in homespun calico, 
exhibited their skill at the spinning-wheel. 

The Essex Jomnal and New Hampshire Packet, a news- 
paper published in Newburyport, Wednesday, April ii, 1787, 
gives the following account of a social gathering at the resi- 
dence of Rev. John Murray, pastor of the First Presbyterian 
church. 

Early on Wednesday last a number of ladies belonging to the Pre.sby- 
terian society assembled at the parsonage house with their spinning 
wheels and other utensils of industry, designing to improve them there 
for the day to the benefit of their minister's family in the labors of cotton 
and linen manufacture. 

The labors of the day were concluded aljout five o'clock when the fair 
laborers presented Mrs. Murray with cotton and hnen 3'arn of the best 
quality amounting to 236 skeins. An example worthy of being copied 
by all who love their ministers in this hard and difiicult day, and by all 
who wish the revival of industiy and manufactures, without whicli all 
our talk about liberty is vox et preierca nihil. 

Before the company separated refreshments were served and 
Rev. John Murray delivered a discourse from Exodus, ch. 
XXXV, V. 25. "And all the women that were wise hearted 
did spin with their hands." 

SH.WS REBELLION. 

In December, 1 786, Governor Bowdoiri ordered several reg- 
iments of cavalry and infantry to assemble under the command 
of General Lincoln, at Worcester, to attack and disperse an 
armed force of twelve hundred men, headed by Daniel Shays, 
that had burned and destroyed much valuable property near 
that town and subsecjuently attempted to caj^ture the federal 
arsenal at Springfield. A company of infantry, under the 
command of Capt. Ezra Lunt, was raised and ecjuipped in 
Newburyport for service in this expetlition. 



SHAYS REBELLION 



89 



I very well remember, says a contemporary and relati\-e [Henry Lvmt 
of Boston], seeing this company paraded, the day they took up their 
march, being at the head of Church lane [Market street] and directly 
opposite to Bishop Bass's church. Captain Lunt, just before marching, 
made a very suitable and soldier-like address to his officers and men, on 
this novel and unexpected service : enforcing in set terms the necessity 
of military discipline and due obedience to those who were in lawful au- 
thority over them. The whole company responded to the address in 
loud and cheerful huzzas. The word " Forward — March " was given, but 
before they had reached a great distance they got the news that the rebels 
had dispersed, much to the satisfaction of all, for a campaign in a civil 
war was not fully liked.' 



The statement that the rebels had dispersed soon after the 
company commanded by Captain Lunt had left Newburyport is 
evidently erroneous. Daniel Shays and one hundred and fifty 
of his men were taken prisoners at Petersham, Sunday morning", 
February 4, 1787, but some of his followers continued to 
plunder and annoy the inhabitants of Berkshire county for 
several months after that date. 

Captain Lunt had command of two companies in the cam- 
paign against the insurgents. The names of the officers and 
men who served in the first company, from January eighth to 
February 23, 1787, and in the second company, from Febru- 
ary twenty-third to July 2, 1787, are as follows : — 

. Pay Role of Captain Ezra Lunt's Company, Col. Nath"l Waide's Regi- 
ment Who Sarvd in the Late Expidition against ye Rebels. 



NAMES : 


RANK : 


NAMES : 


RANK : 


Ezra Lunt, 


Captain 


William P. Lunt, 


Drummer 


Moses Pike, 


Lieutenant 


Thomas Knight, 


Private 


Aaron Colby, 


Ensign 


Joseph Mace, 


do 


John Cook, 


Clark 


Samuel Fisk, 


do 


Enoch Titcomb, 


Sergeant 


James Hasilton, 


do 


Enoch Collins, 


do 


Josiah Chase, 


do 


Samuel Morrell, 


do 


Thales G. Yeaton, 


do 


Samuel Foot, 


Coiporal 


l^hillip Stanwood, 


do 


Jonathan Edwards, 


do 


Joseph Moody, 


do 


William Whitde, 


do 


Benjamin Colby, 


do 


Nath'l Knap, 


do 


Nickolas Moody, 


do 



History of Newljuryport (Mrs. E. Vale Smith), p. 127. 



go 



HIS TOR Y OF NE WB UR \ 'FOR T 



David Dauerty, Private 

Moses Huse, do 

Joseph Perkins, do 

Joseph Bleaney, do 

Thomas Pettingill, do 

Aaron Dow, do 

Eliphalet Noyes, do 

Stephen Merrill, do 

Stephen French, do 

John Boyd, do 

Samuel Joy, do 

Frances Hollarday, do 

John Blunt, do 

Joshua Trask, do 

Amos Kimball, do 

Charles Simmons, do 

Theophilas Bradbur}-, do 

George Pecker, do 

Samuel Pettingell, do 

Stephen Tilton, do 

Samuel Whelor, do 

Moses Thomdick, do 

Samuel Couch, do 

David Hale, do 

John Turner, do 



Jeremiah Bagley, Private 

Nathaniel Chandlor, do 

John Evens, do 

Jonathan Dalton, do 

Theophilas Edwards, do 

Samuel Stevens, do 

James Lock, do 

Benjamin Page, do 

Joseph Stockman, do 

Enoch Bartlet, do 

David Currier, do 

Richard Blasdell, do 

Ephraium Gale, do 

John Colby, do 

Samson Bartlet, do 

Samuel Barnard, do 

Eckabord Tictcomb, do 

Thomas Colby, do 

Barnud Lowell, do 

Robart Sergant, do 

Jacob Hoyt, do 

Jacob Sergant, do 

Nathaniel Proctor, do 

Moses Sergant, do 
Ezekel Morrell, Quartermaster 
Serjeant 



Company served between Jan. S, i 787, and Feb. 23, 1 787, in the western 
counties under General Lincoln.' 

Pay Roll of the late Captain Ezra Lunfs Company, Col. Timothy 
Newell's Regiment, in the Commonwealth of Massachusetts. 



names: k.\xk: 

Ezra Lunt, Captain 

Peter Carleton, Lieutenant 

Enos Rvinnels, Ensign 

David Davies, Clerk 

John Herrick, Sergeant 
John Montgomery, do 

Moses Brickett, do 

Benjamin Egar, Coiporal 
Simon Foster, do 

Abraham Peabody, do 

John Bishop, do 

' Mas?. Archives, vol. 191, p. 319. 



\AMKS : RANK : 

William Lunt, Drummer 

Caleb Cushing, Fifer 

Voise Ames, Private 

Thomas Andrews, do 

David Ayre, do 

Simeon Bradley, do 
Richard Buckminster, do 

Abner Ross Bailey, do 

Joseph Bowley, do 

Samuel Carver, do 

Samuel Currier, do 



BE VERL Y BRID GE g i 

Jonathan Edwards, I'rivate John Tasket, Private. 

David Edwards, do Daniel Wood do 

Daniel Emery, do Ebenezer Peabody, do 

Jeremiah Foster, do Timothy Swan, do 

Aaron Gardner, do Edward MuUickan, do 

William Hazen, do Joseph Mullickan, do 

Thomas Hutchinson, do John Stayns, do 

Nathaniel P. Moody, do Alexander Thompson, do 

George Pecker, do Samuel Davies, do 

Jabez Rollins, do Moses Pingre, do 

John Reddington, do Thomas Sedman, do 

Company served between Feb. 23, 17.S7, and July 2, I7<'~i7.' 
[March 10, 1789J voted to grant to the soldiers that went upon the ex- 
pedition against Shays and Company a sum to make up their pay to the 
sum of forty-eight shillings per month when they shall ascertain to the 
selectmen such deticiencv.- 



BEVERLV BRIDGE. 

Early in the spring' of 1787, the building of a bridge over 
the North river, between Beverly and Salem, was earnestly 
advocated by some of the merchants living in that vicinity, 
and vigorously opposed by others. 

The inhabitants of Newburyport voted. June 25, 1787, to 
petition the General Court to grant George Cabot of Beverly, 
and others associated with him, hberty to build and maintain a 
toll bridge over the river separating" the above named towns 
" to save delay and annoyance to travellers, and facilitate and 
quicken communication between Newburyport, Salem and 
Boston.""^ 

On the sixth day of November following, the subject was 
again brotight to the attention of the legal voters of the town, 
and an agent was appointed to favor the petition presented by 
George Cabot and others to the General Court. 

Voted, unanimously, that the Town conceive it of great importance to 
the County of Essex, and particularly to this Town, that a Bridge be 
built from Beverly over to Salem at or near where the ferry now is. 

' Mass, Archives, vol. 191, p. 320. 

- Newburyport Town Records, vol. I., p. 534. 

•' Newburyport Town Records, vol. I., p. 495. 



Q2 HISTORY OF NEWBURYPORT 

Voted, unanimoush-, that Mr. John Mycall be an agent with full powers, 
in behalf of the Town of Newburyport, to apply by petition, memorial, 
representation, remonstrance, or any other way, and to take any measures 
he may judge necessary to satisfy the legislature of the propriety and 
reasonableness of the petition & request of George Cabot, Esq. & others 
for building the Bridge at said place.' 

The charter was granted November 17, 1787, and on the 
twenty-fourth day of September, 1788, the bridge was com- 
pleted and opened to pubhc travel. 

It attracted much attention and was considered a model of 
architectural beauty and strength. Washington, on his way 
from Boston to Newburyport, in October, 1789, stopped to 
examine it, and the draw was raised and lowered in his presence 
to show the ease with which it could be operated. 

THE FEDERAL CONSTITUTION. 

Delegates appointed by the several states, to revise the 
articles of confederation, assembled in Philadelphia, May 14, 
1787. His Excellency, Governor Bowdoin, appointed Fran- 
cis Dana, Elbridge Gerry, Nathaniel Gorham, Ruf us King and 
Caleb Strong delegates from the state of Massachusetts. 
Francis Dana, however, did not take his seat and only Nathan- 
iel Gorham of Charlestown and Rufus King of Newburyport 
signed the constitution, at the close of the convention, in the 
month of September following. Elbridge Gerry objected to 
the arbitrary power conferred upon congress and declined to 
affix his signature, and Caleb Strong was absent. 

October 25, 1787, the General Court passed a series of 
resolutions recommending the people of the commonwealth 
to meet in convention to discuss the important and complica- 
ted questions involved in the adoption, or in the rejection, of 
the proposed constitution. 

November 20, 1787, lion. Rufus King. Hon. Benjamin 
Greenleaf, Theophilus Parsons, Esq., and Hon. Jonathan Tit- 
comb were chosen delegates from Newburyport to the conven- 
tion to be held at the state house in Boston "on the second 

'Newburyport Town Records, vol. I., p. 500. 



THE FEDERAL COXSTiri'TION 



93 



Wednesday of January next for the purpose of assenting' to 
and ratifying the Federal Constitution lately framed for the 
government of the United States,"' and on the fourth day of 
December following Tristram Dalton, Esq., Enoch Sawyer, 
Esq., and Ebenezer March, Esq., were chosen delegates to the 
same convention from the town of Newbury. - 

The old state house at the head of State street was unable 
to accomodate the large number of delegates who assembled 
thereon Wednesday, the ninth day of January, and on the fol- 
lowing day the convention adjourned to the Brattle Street 
meeting house. On the afternoon of January fifteenth a com- 
mittee was appointed to see if a more convenient house could 
be obtained for the use of the convention. Tristram Dalton, 
chairman of the committee, reported on the seventeenth day 
of Januarv as follows : — 

The Committee appointed to provide a more convenient place for the sit- 
ting of the convention have attended to that senice and ask lea\ e to report. 

That they have examined the meeting house in Long Lane, wherein 
the Rev. Mr. Belknap officiates, and are vmanimously of the opinion that 
the members of the Convention can all be commodiously disposed so as 
to hear and be heard, by having the pews on the gromid floor assigned 
for that purpose : 

That the galleries will accommodate the spectators : 

That gentlemen have offered to put up, at their own expense, a stove, 
temporary stairs, a temporary porch and to make other dispositions for 
the accommodating of the Convention. 

And that the committee of the proprietors of said meeting house have 
offered the use of the same during the sitting of the Convention. 

That the Committee of the Convention have given directions for the 
necessary preparations to be made for their reception. * 

The report of the committee was accepted, and the conven- 
tion adjourned to meet in the afternoon "at the meeting-house 
in Long lane."^ 

' Newburyport Town Records, vol. L, pp. 500, 501. 

- Town of Newbury Records. 

■* Debates and Proceedings of the Convention, published by order of the Cleneral 
Court in 1856, p. 60. 

■• Rev. Jeremy Belknap was the author of the History of New Hampshire, pub- 
lished in 1784. He was installed pastor of the church in Long lane, Boston, on 
the fourth day of April, 1787. Rev. John SnelHng Popkin, who succeeded him 
was afterwards pastor of the First Parish church in Newbury. Long lane, extend- 
ing from Milk to Purchase streets, was called Federal street after the ratification 
of the federal constitution by the convention. 



94 



HIS TOR \ ' OF NE IV B UK YPOR T 



It is certain that a majority of the delegates were not then 
in favor of ratifying the constitution. 

John Hancock and Samuel Adams were two of the most important 
members of the Convention. Both were doubtful : but it was generally 
supposed that, while thev were not friendly to each other, thev agreed in 
a decided leaning against the Constitution: and if both or if either, had 
become professedly and actively hostile to it, its adoption would probably 
have been impossible.' 

Great interest was manifested in the proceedings of tlie con- 
vention. The friends of the constitution vibrated between 
hope and despair, one day full of courage and the next despon- 
dent. Rev. Jeremy Belknap in a letter, dated Boston, Janua- 
ry 25, 1788, to his friend Ebenezer Hazard, postmaster-gen- 
eral, in New York, wrote as follows : — 

Rufus King shines among the Feds with a superior lustre. His 
speeches are clear, cool, nervous, pointed and conclusive. Parsons dis- 
tinguishes accurately and reasons forcibly : but I need not give the par- 
ticular merits of each. You will have them in the papers : for the print- 
ers are vigilant, and keep a scribe constantly employed to take minutes, 
though they cannot copy the energy and pathos of the speakers.- 

Parsons, King and Dalton were untiring in their efforts to 
induce the undecided delegates to come out in favor of the 
constitution, and reported from time to time, to their constitu- 
ents in Newburyport, the progress made in securing the co- 
operation and support of some of these men of influence. In 
a letter dated Boston, Januar)- 14, 1788, Theophilus Parsons 
wrote to Michael Hodges as follows : — 

Dear Sir : — I sit down to communicate thro" vou to our friends the 
present appearances of the convention. It is much crowded and is by 
far the most numerous representation this State ever saw. The weight 
of abilities, property and probity is decidedly in favor of the Constitu- 
tion but I fear the balance of numbers is against it. Creat numbers 
come determined and upon them reason or argiunent will make no im- 
pression, but among the opposers thei-e are men of integrity and candor 
who declare they come not decided, but are ready and desirous of being 

' Memoir of Chief-Justice Parsons hy his son, p. 60. 
-Mass. Hist. Society Coll., vol. HI.. Filth series, y. 11. 



THE FEDERAL CONSTITUTION 



95 



informed. The effect of argument upon these will determine the fate of 
the constitution and I have therefore some faint hopes. The conduct of 
Connecticut will have some weight in our favor. You have, no doubt, 
heard that their convention have adopted the Constitution 128 to 40. 
But I fear this event will have its eft'ect chieflv upon a few wavering 
ones. To-day we agreed to consider the Constitution bv paragraphs but 
to take no question but upon the whole. 

This mode was moved on outside and is the most favorable way for 
us, as it will give us time to exert our influence before the great question. 

The most favorable state of the parties I can now give you which 
must be secret is as follows : — 

In Suffolk we have a majority of 31, in Essex 27, and in the old colony 
20, in all 78. But against us are 43 in Worcester and 20 in Middlesex 
which leaves 15. We hope Berkshire and Hampshire are balanced 
and we have then 1 5 to spare for the lower counties which I fear at 
present is not enough. 

King arrived to my great joy on Friday ev'g. You must see March 
and get Dr. Sawyer to see his brother. They must come down imme- 
diately, at all events. One of the Amesbury men is still absent. Let me 
know the situation of my family the moment there is any alteration in it. 
Be discreet to whom you show this letter. 

Yours sincerely, 

T. Parsons.' 

Rufus King-, in a letter dated January 27, 1788, wrote to 
General Knox, then in New York, as follows : — • 

Our hopes do not diminish although ov\x own confidence is not com- 
plete. The opposition are less positive of their strength, and those few 
among them who are honest and capable of reflection appear uneasy 
concerning the fate of the question. Yesterday's Centinel contains a pro- 
posal for a conditional ratification said to have come from Sullivan. The 
opposition give it some countenance. I mention the circumstance rather 
to show that our opponents are not so confident of their numbers since 
hitherto they have reprobated the suggestion of amendments, and insisted 
among their party on a total rejection of the Constitution. From mo- 
tives of policy we have not taken any question which has divided the 
House or shown the strength of sides. Hancock is still confined. He 
appears to me to wish well to the Constitution but does'nt care to risk 
anything in its favor.' 

At or about this time the plan to secure the vote and influ- 

' Parsons and the Constitutional Convention, by Hon. Eben F. Stone, published 
in the Essex Institute Hist. Coll., vol. XXXV., April, 1899. 



c,6 HIST OR y OF NE WB UR YPOR T 

ence of Governor Hancock was perfected. He had not atten- 
ded the meetings of the convention l:)eing' detained at home b}' 
a severe attack of the gout, it was said. He was tokl that 
the friends of the constitution would support him, " as the 
only fair candidate for President," in case the state of Virginia 
declined to come into the Union, which was then somewhat 
uncertain. He was persuaded to attend the convention and 
offer a series of amendments, or " Conciliat()ry Resolutions," 
as they were called, that had been written for him b)- 
Theophilus Parsons. 

Tristram Dalton, in a letter, dated Boston, January 30, 
1788, to his friend Michael Hodge, in Newburyport, states 
the following additional facts : — 

This day Governor Hancock attended as President in Convention and 
if he may be depended on, he will give countenance to the proposed 
Constitution, which will carry a large majority in favor of it. . . .1 
will tell you as a confidential communication that Mr. S. Adams will 
come out in favor of the Constitution. This and the Governor on the 
same side will settle the matter favorably. All this is scarcely known out 

of our caucus, wherein we work as hard as in Convention 

Mr. Parsons is with us this evening thoroughly well and ardently 
engaged." 

To this letter the following postscript was added by 
Theophilus Parsons : — 

Our friend D"s communication will give you all the information we are 
at liberty, at present, to put on paper. We have stolen a moment in 
caucus to write this. Yours, 

T. P. 

In order to secure the vote and influence of Samuel Adams 
who had great confidence in the democratic instincts of the 
people, a caucus of mechanics and tradesmen was held in the 
" Green Dragon Inn " at the north end of Boston, and a series 
of resolutions were passed favoring the ratification of the consti- 
tution. Notwithstanding his wariness and circumspection, Mr. 
Adams was evidently surprised at the tone of the resolutions 

' Parsons and the Constitutional Convention, by Hon. Eben F. Stone, published 
in the Essex Institute Hist. Coll., vol. XXXV., April, 1S99. 



THE FEDERAL COXSTITUTIOX 



97 



and did not siisjK'ct that the meeting had been carefully 
planned by the Federalists, but after reflection considered it 
advisable to accept the views publicly expressed by his con- 
stituents, and faxor the interest and wishes of men who had 
always had great weight with him. 

The following letter from Tristram Dalton to his brother-in- 
law, Stephen Hooper, confirms the statement that neither 
Hancock nor Adams came forward in support of the constitu- 
tion until near the close of the convention. 

Boston, Jan. 31, 178S. 

Thursday Eve'g, 1 i o'clock. 

Dear Brothc)' : — Just returned from Caucus. I cannot avoid acquaint- 
ing vou, in addition to my advice last Eve"g to our friend Hodge, that the 
Governor, this afternoon came forward in full support of adopting the 
constitution, — and accompanied the proposed ratification with recoiiiiiieii- 
dafoiy amendments which the old Patriot, Mr. S. Adams, seconded 
warmly — this plan the Feds hope will cause a party to leave the Antis. 
We ai^e not idle by night or day — and sacrifice evervthing but moral 
Honesty to carry our point. 

The grand Question is now before us, and will probably be decided on 
Saturday — if not then Tuesday will be the important day. I tremble at 
the approach and dread the feelings I shall have when the Names and 
Answers are called and marked 1 Vea, Yea, — Nay, Nay, says the Scrip- 
ture ! Heaven will determine in our favor unless we deserve Ruin. 

Adieu: Love Compliments, etc. 

T. D ALTON.' 

Rev. Jeremy Belknap, in a letter dated Boston, February 3, 
1788, wrote as follows to Ebenezer Hazard in regard to the 
proceedings of the constitutional convention : — 

Hancock is the ostensible puppet in proposing amendments ; 
but they are the product of the Feds in concert, and it was thought that 
coming from him they would be better received than from any other 
person. Should they finally take it will greatlv help his popularitv and 
ensure his election the next year. 

Yesterday they chose a committee of two from each countv, a Fed, and 
an Anti as nearly as they could guess, who are to consider the proposed 
amendments and report tomorrow. Tuesday is the dav appointed, but 
it may be Wednesday or Thursday before the final determination. As 

' Parson.s and the Constitutional Convention, by Hon. Eben F. .Stiine, published 
in the Essex Institute Hist. Coll., vol. XXXV., April, 1S99. 



98 



HISTOR Y OF NE IVB UR YPORT 



the day approaches, and the strength of both sides is so great that neith- 
er can certainly depend on a majority, the anxiety- of every friend to gov- 
ernment and justice is increased. " Life and death are before us." 
Heaven grant a favourable issue. One of the most sanguine of the Feds, 
and best informed, told me yesterday that he could not count on a major- 
ity of more than five for the Constitution.' 

Theophilus Parsons was conspicuous among" the eminent 
members of the convention. Although not a frequent speak- 
er he presented his views clearly and forcibly and was evident- 
ly the master spirit in the most important debates. " Upon 
all sudden emergencies, and upon plausible and unexpected 
objections, he was the sentinel to guard the patriot camp, and 
to prevent confusion from unexpected assault. "- 

Samuel Thompson was one of the most virulent opposers of 
the constitution and continued to denounce it after a majority 
of the convention had voted in its favor. " Parsons gave him 
a caution against indulging his opposition now the matter was 
settled and reminded him of the danger of being luinished for 
treason. His answer was, he should not fear being hanged if 
he could have ////// for his lawyer."-'' 

The report of the proceedings of the convention, published 
by order of the General Court in 1856, contains, in addition 
to the official journal and other documents, notes of the de- 
bates taken by Mr. Parsons. These notes give a brief out- 
line of the speeches made and the cpiestions discussed, from 
day to day, in which he was interested. They end, somewhat 
abruptly, a da}' or two before the amendments proposed by 
Governor Hancock were presented to the convention. The 
original notes, in Mr. Parsons" handwriting, are now in the 
Boston Athena:;um. 

There can be no doubt that it recpiired great skill and sagac- 
ity to convert a large minority of the con\'ention into a small 
majorit}' and that it was necessary to conciliate and control 
Hancock and Adams in order to secure that result. Parsons 

' Mass. Hist. Society Coll., vol. III., Fifth series, p. 15. 

-Address of Hon. Isaac Parker at the opening of the supreme court in Bos- 
ton, Nov. 23, 1813. See appendix to the Memoirs of Theojihilus Parsons, by his 
son, p. 416. 

•'Mass. Hist. Society Coll., vol. IIP, Fifth series, p. 18. 



THE FEDERAL COS'STITUTION 



99 



was well qualified to mature the plans and earry them to a 
successful conclusion. 

In matters of science and scholarship he was the peer of the most 
distinguished of his contemporaries, and in matters of trade and business, 
relating to the ordinary affairs of life, so familiar did he seem with the 
special knowledge of the mechanic or the tradesman that, in talking with 
them, he was often taken for one of their number. His mind was insa- 
tiable of knowledge in all forms. His intellectual powers were of a 
very high order. He excelled in that quality which is called worldly 
wisdom, notwithstanding his great attainments in science and scholar- 
ship. Easily the first in his profession as an accomplished jurist and 
great judge, he dealt with the most difficult problems in science and 
mathematics, as a pastime." 

The half-tone \)\\\\X on the next page is reproduced, b\" 
permission, from the Esse.x Institute Historical C'ollections. 
It is taken from an unfinished sketch of Theophilus Parsons 
painted by Gilbert Stuart in 1813.- 

The amendments to the constitution, written by Theojihihis 
Parsons and proposed to the convention by Governor Hancock, 
were submitted to a committee of two from each coimt}', for 
further consideration. This committee reported two or three 
days later recommending the convention to assent to and rati- 
fy the proposed constitution and then appeal to congress to 
make certain amendments and alterations " agreeably to the 
fifth article of the said constitution." 

P'ebruary 6, 1788, the great cjuestion was decided, and the 
constitution ratified, by a majority of nineteen in a total vote 
of three hundred and fifty-five. All the delegates from New- 
bury and Newl)iu'yp"i't \'oted with the majority in favor of 
ratification.' The news was received with great demonstra- 
tions of joy in Boston, and a procession of shipwrights, block- 
makers, boat builders, painters, riggers, shoemakers, tailors 

' Par.sons and the Consiitutional Convention, by Hon. Eben F. Stone, puhli.shed 
in the Essex Institute Hist. Coll., vol. XXXV., April, 1899. 

-Theophilus Parsons built the house still standing on the northwesteily corner 
of Green and Washington streets, Newburyport. See " Ould Newbury," pp. 331- 
338. 

^ Debates and Proceedings of the Convention, published by order of the General 
Court in 1856, p. 87. 



HISTOK y OF XE IV B UR YPOR T 



and tradesmen marched from Faneuil hall thr()ii.c:h the jirin- 
cipal streets of the town and afterward partook of a bountiful 
collation. Tristram Dalton wrote to his brother-in-law Stephen 
Hooper, in Newbur}i)ort, as follows: — 




THEOPHILUS PARSONS. 



Boston, Wednesday Evening, Feb. 6, 17S8. 
To Steimikn Hooi'KR, Es(^ 
My Ih'ar Brother : 

God be praised ! W'itli the utmost satisfaction I now announce to 
you and to my fellow citizens, which pray communicate, the joyful, — the 
important news, that this afternoon, at 5 o'clock the convention consented 
to ratifv the proposed constitution : — tlie members for, were 1H7 ; against, 
i6,S. 



THE FEDERAL COASTITUT/Oy lOi 

Ardent, indeed, have been the labors of the Federalists, — anxious their 
hours by night, as well as by day. The decision of the great question 
ampl)- rewards them. 

We, the delegates of Newburyport and Newbury, anticipate the pleas- 
ure of taking you all by the hand on Friday evening or Saturday morn- 
ing, proposing to take a coach or sley here on Friday. 

Some little ceremonies are yet necessary for which puipose the Con- 
vention meets to-morrow. There is no doubt of our seeing you on Sat- 
urday. Please to acquaint your dear sister of this. 

Time does not permit me to add, save my love, compliments, etc., as 
due, and that I am, with great regards 

Your aff. Brother, 

Tristram Ualton. 

P. S. The Judge [Hon. Benjamin (jreenleaf] is ten years younger.' 

The Esse.x Journal and New Hampshire Packet i^tiljhshed, 
February 13, 1788, the following' notice: — 

On Friday afternoon the principal gentlemen of the Trade and 
Officers of the militia of the town, being informed that the delegates 
from this town and Newbury were on their way home, and being disposed 
to show some mark of their satisfaction at the adoption of the Constitu- 
tion, and of their warm approbation of the conduct of those honourable 
and worthy gentlemen in Convention, met them at Newbury Green, and 
escorted them into town where they were received amidst the acclama- 
tion of a numerous collection of their applauding fellow-citizens. 

John Ouincy Adams was at that date a student in the office 
of Theophilus Parsons at Newburyjoort. The followini;' items 
were recorded in his diary : — 

[February 7, 1788.] This day at about noon the news arrived that the 
Federal Constitution was yesterday adopted and ratified by a majority 
of the members in our state convention. In this town the satisfaction is 
almost universal. 

[February 8, 178S.] A number of very re.spectable citizens and a 
number who were not very respectable went out on horseback to meet 
the members and escort them to town ; as they came along the bells at 
the different churches were set to ringing and the noisy expression of J03' 
continued with some intermission until 8 o'clock in the evening. - 

' Biographical .sketch of Tristram Dalton, by Hon. Eben F. Stone, p. 20. 
- Life in a New England Town (Diary of John Quincy Adams), pp. 93, 94. 



£ 17 


03- 


7 


33 


14- 


6 


7 


1 1. 


1 


3° 


01. 


I 


1 1 


13- 


10 


/"loo 


4- 


1 


30 


1 . 


1 



1 02 ///'S' TO A' V OF A'E WB L 'K \ 'POK T 

CONTRIBUTIONS FOR THE RELIEF OF SUFFERERS BV 
FIRE IN BOSTON. 

July 30, 1794, a disastrous fire destroyed seven cordage 
manufactories and many shops and dwelling houses between 
Milk street and the west side of Fort hill, in Boston. Over 
three hundred dollars were collected in the five religious soci- 
eties of Newburyport for the benefit of the persons whose 
property had been destroyed. The amount credited to each 
society, in the selectmen's records, is as follows : — 

From the Titcomb Street Society, Rev. Samuel Spring- 
First Religious Society, Rev. John Andrews 
St. Paul's Church, Rev. Edward Bass 
Presbyterian Society, Rev. Daniel Dana 
Temple Street Society, Rev. Chas. W. Milton 

Additional from Presbyterian Societv, Rev. John Murrav 

October 15, 1794. S. Parker, treasurer of the town of 
Boston, acknowledged the receipt of two hundred and thirt)'- 
four dollars from the selectmen and one hundred dollars and 
thirty cents additional from the deacons of the Presbyterian 
society, "making a total of $334.30 collected for the relief of 
the sufferers by the fire in Boston." 

RESOLUTIONS IN FAVOR OF NUTRALITV IN THE WAR 
BETWEEN ENGLAND AND FRANCE. 

August 5, 1793, a committee, consisting of Hon. Jonatlian 
Jackson, Theophilus Parsons, Esq., and Capt. William 
Coombs, was chosen to take into consideration tlie proclama- 
tion of the president of the United States relating to the 
claims of the h'rench government and to the maintenance of a 
strict neutrality in the contest between France and the allied 
powers of Europe. This committee reported on tlie seventh 
day of August in favor of forbidding the fitting out of armed 
vessels in aid of the nations at war with each other, and at the 
same time submitted the following I'csolutions whicli were 
promptly adopted : — 



RESOLUTIOXS IN FA VOK OF NEUTRALITY 103 

\'oted, unanimously, That, in the opinion of this town, the neutrality of 
the llnited States during the war now waged by the several belligerent 
powers in Europe, is consistent with the honor and good faith of our gov- 
ernment and not repugnant to any treaties existing between the Ihiited 
States and any of those powers. 

\'oted, unanimously, That in the opinion of this town, a strict and 
uniform adherence to that neutrality is of the utmost importance to the 
best interests and happiness of our country. 

Voted, unanimously, That, in the opinion of this town, the late proc- 
lamation of the President declaring that neutrality was a constitutional 
and wise measure, resulted from his ardent affection for his fellow citi- 
zens, his knowledge of, and vigilant attention to, their just rights and true 
interest. 

Voted, unanimously. That in the opinion of this town, any infraction 
of the laws of neutrality, by any of the citizens of the United States fit- 
ting out, or being interested in armed vessels, to cruise against the citi- 
zens or subjects of either of the belligerent powers, or personally engag- 
ing in such cruise, will naturally tend to injure essentially the agricultu- 
ral, manufacturing and commercial interests of this country. 

\'oted, unanimously, That to prevent any such breach of the laws of 
the land we will take every legal method in our power to discover and 
prosecute to condign punishment any citizen who regardless of the duties 
he owes to his country may be guilty of such dangerous offences.' 

At that date the shipment of merchandise in American 
vessels was attended with man\' difficulties and dangers. A 
few months later when the impressment of seamen and the 
capture and confiscation of neutral ships on the high seas 
had become frequent, congress was induced to pass an act 
prohibiting merchant vessels from leaving American ports. 
May 13, 1794, the inhabitants of Newburyport, assembled to 
consider the critical condition of commercial affairs, ** Voted 
unanimously that it is the opinion of this town that the present 
embargo be continued as long as the public exigencies require 
it, " and a committee, consisting of Jonathan Jackson, John 
Mycall, Thomas W. Hooper, Capt. \V. P. Johnson and Thom- 
as Thomas, Jr., was appointed to conve)' to the j^resident of 
the United States and to congress, if in session, a copy of 
the abo\-e \'ote with renewed assvu'ances of co-operation and 
support. - 

' Newburyport Town Records, vol. I., p. 76. 

- Newburyport Town Records, vol. II., pp. 94, 95. 



CHAPTER III. 

1 794-1 824. 

At a meeting of the legal voters of Nevvburyport held March 
-9^ 1 785* the discharge of firearms in the streets was prohib- 
ited and the owners of horses were ordered to drive carefully, 
keeping a firm hold on the bridle under a penalty of five shil- 
lings to be paid to the poor of the town. 

September 18, 1794, the smoking of pipes and cigars on the 
wharves and in the streets and lanes was forbidden, and on 
the second day of October foll(jwing the owners of ducks and 
geese were ordered to keep them from resorting to Frog pond, 
or the margin thereof, under a penalty of two shillings for 
each offence." 

March 17, 1795, a committee was appointed to look after 
rude and disorderly boys " and so far as possible secure to all 
the full enjo}ment of their just rights and privileges." This 
committee was requested especially "to attend to the behavior 
of people on the approaching fast, and if possible by their 
advice and admonitions prevent their assembling in the streets, 
fields or other places for carrying on sports of any kind unsuit- 
able to the day, and if they cannot succeed in their endeavors 
to preserve decency and order, they are desired to give the 
town, at their next meeting, a list of the names of all such as 
will not conform to the sentiments & desires of the committee 
and the town."- 

july 5, 1797, rules regulating the sale of fish, the building 
of dwelling houses, the burial of the dead, the tolling of bells 
for funerals, the fees to be paid undertakers, etc., were adopted, 
and. May 13, [807, the use of carts smaller than the regularly 

' Newburyport Town Records, vol. 11., p. 98; Morning Star, Oct. 14, 1794 
(Newburyport Pulalic library). 

- Newburyport Town Records, vol. II., p. 109. 

104 



rOlVDEK HOUSE X05 

established size, for earryini;' wood and other merchandise, was 
prohibited and also the driving" of horses in the streets of the 
town at a rate of speed inconsistent with public safet)'.' 

No person was allowed to cart wood unless licensed by the 
selectmen, and no cart could be used for that purpose unless 
four feet wide and two feet high on the inside. Riding 
through the streets of the town on horseback or in an open or 
covered carriage at a speed exceeding six miles an hour was 
punishable by a fine of one dollar for each offence, and the use 
of lighted candles or lamps in workshops and stores was pro- 
hibited after certain hours in the evening, and the fi rewards 
were ordered to carefull}- examine all dwelling houses where 
stoves were used for heating or cooking. ' 

POWDER HOUSE. 

In 1754. the inhabitants of the town of Newbury erected a 
]X)wder house near the Old Hill burying-ground.^ 

June 27, 1767, the keys of this powder house were placed 
in charge of John Downer, by the selectmen of Newburyport, 
and on the tenth day of August following they were delivered 
to John Bromfield.-* 

[March 13, 1771] \'oted that the selectmen see into the state of the 
Stock of Gunpowder and ammunition of this Town and be directed to 
supply it if delicient.5 

On the twenty-second day of March following, the selectmen 
purchased of Nathaniel Carter, eight half-barrels of powder, 
twelve hundred flints and eight hundred weight of bullets, and 
on the fourth day of April they appointed Paul Shackford 
keeper of the powder and ammunition, directing him " never 
to go in himself or permit others to go into the Powder House 
with their shoes on."-* 

Mr. Shackford probably had charge of the powder house 

' Newburyport Town Records, vol. II., p. 351. 

- Newburyport Town Records, vol. II., pp. 359, 362. 

■^ History of Newbury (Currier), p. 226. 

'' Newburyport (Selectmen's) Records. 

^ Newburyport Town Records, vol. I., p. 150. 



io6 



HISTORY OF XEIVBVRYPORT 



until March 12, 1779, when John Little was appointed "to 
receive in & cleli\'er out Powder & Keep a record of the same 
& not to suffer any Person to enter s"^ House with Shoes on."' 
November 28, 1820, the selectmen were requested to select 
a safe and convenient location for a new powder house. 

[April II, 1822] Voted to accept the report of the selectmen recom- 
mending Godfrey's Hill, near Common pasture as the most suitable place 
on which to erect a Powder House. - 




POWDER HOUSE ERECTED IN 182: 



The above half-tone print is reproduced from a photograph 
of the powder house, erected in 1822, now standing on 
Godfrey's hill on the southwesterly side of Low street on land 
owned by the city of Newbury port. 



FRKXCII WAR. 

Vessels sailing under the American flag in the \-icinit)' of 
the West Lidies, in 1793, were in danger of capture by English 
as well as P^rench pri\ateers. 

' Newburyport (Selectmen's) Records. 

- Newburyport Town Records, vol. III., p. 117. 



FRENCH WAR 



107 



The brig Olive Branch, Captain Toppan, and the brigWilham, 
Captain Trow, taken into St. Christopher's and subsequently 
released, arrived in Newburyport on the sixth day of August, 
1793. The next day the Essex Journal and New Hampshire 
Packet published the following statement : — • 

Yesterday Captains Toppan and Trow arrived here from the West 
Indies. They were both taken by the British privateers and carried into 
St. Christophers where they underwent an examination, but it appearing 
that the former had not any P^rench property on board he was released. 
On board Captain Trow's [vessel] 70 hogsheads of sugar were seized, 
which Captain Toppan claimed as his propert}', but the claim appeai'ing 
to them to be without foundation, it is detained for trial at their next 
maritime court. 

During the next ten or twelve months several Newburyport 
vessels were seized, taken into the West Indies, condemned 
and sold at public auction, while others were detained for a 
short time and then released on such terms as the captors 
chose to dictate. Previous to September 2, 1794, the follow- 
ing named vessels, owned in Newburyport, were captured and 
a large amount of valuable property confiscated. 



Ship Russell, 
Brig Beaver, 
" Betsy, 
" Dolphin, 
" Essex, 
" Mary, 
" Margaret, 
" Nancy, 
" Polly, 
" Stark, 
" William, 
Sch. Fox, 
" Flora, 
" Hope, 
" Sally, 



J. Young, captain, 
N. Pierce, " 
J. Wiley, 
E. Knapp, " 
Wm Brown, " 
M. Pearson, " 
J. Dalton, " 
R. Adams, " 
H. Goodhue, " 
J. Holland, 
W. Trow, " 
T. Adams, " 
T. Follansbee, " 
D. Farley, " 
Noj-es, " 



" Speedwell, A. Rejan, 

" Two Brothers, B. Calley, 



W^m. Bartlett, ov 

J. Greenleaf, 

Peter LeBreton, 

Samuel Knapp, 

A. Davenport, 

Joshua Carter, 

O'Brien & Pike, 

William Coombs, 

J. Stanwood, 

William Coombs, 

Wm. Bartlett, 

Wni & Phil Coombs, 

S. Howard, 

T. Brown, 

Smith, Petlingell & 

Coffin 
Bayley, O'Brien & 

Pike, 
D. Richards, 



1 08 HIS TOR y OF XE IV B UR YPOK T 

Sloop Mary, J. Wells, captain Smith ^K: Pettingell, owner 

" Polly, W. Milberry, " Gage & Balch, 

" Sally, G.Colby, " Joseph Wadleigh & Co.'" 

British armed vessels claimed the right to impress American 
seamen and seize American property on the high seas. These 
outrages were vigorously denounced by the president of the 
United States, and the following note was addressed to the 
collector of customs at Newburyport : — 

Department of State, March 25, 1796. 

Sir: — The newspapers give accounts of impressment of American sea- 
men and of other outrages committed upon our citizens by British ships 
of war. But however well founded these relations may be, yet other 
documents will be required whenever reparation for these wrongs shall be 
demanded. I am therefore directed by the president of the United States 
to endeavor to obtain correct information on this subject, veritied by the 
oaths of the informants. Such of these as shall enter the port of New- 
buryport will fall imder your notice and I must request you to have their 
depositions taken at the public expense in a most fair and impartial 
manner before a notary public, and transmitted from time to time to this 
office. 

I am respectfully. Sir, your obedient servant, 

Timothy Pickekixc;.- 

In order to put a stop to these depredations on American 
commerce a treaty was made with Great Britain and proclaimed 
the supreme law of the land, but the Republicans in congress 
denounced it as unconstitutional and the house of represen- 
tatives declined to make the appropriations necessary to carry 
it into effect. 

Saturday afternoon, April 23, 1796, the inhabitants of New- 
buryport called together by the ringing of the church bells, 
assembled in the town house and elected Hon. Jonathan Tit- 
comb, chairman. After a brief address by Hon. Theophilus 
Parsons a petition similar to one adopted by the merchants of 
Philadelphia and New York was prepared to be presented to 
congress "praying for the reasons therein stated that the 

' Morning Star, Sept. 2, 1794 (Newburyport Public library). 
■Impartial Herald, Friday, April 8, 1796. 



FRENCH WAR 



109 



treaty concluded bef\veen Great Britain and the United States 
be carried into operation." 

This petition, signed by more than four hundred persons 
within a few hours, was sent, the same day, to Hon. Theophilus 
Bradbury of Newburyport, representative in congress " from 
the Fourth Middle District in the County of Essex, state of 
Massachusetts."' 

In 1797, American envoys were appointed to settle, if pos- 
sible, all claims and causes of difference between the United 
States and France. March 19, 1798, John Adams, then pres- 
ident, announced that the mission was a failure and that the 
country ought therefore to prepare for the worst. 

At a meeting of the inhabitants of Newburyport, held on 
the thirtieth day of April, a committee, consisting of Benja- 
min Greenleaf, Charles Jackson, Theophilus Parsons, Samuel 
A. Otis and Jonathan Boardman, prepared the following 
address which was read, briefly discussed and unanimously 
adopted :- — 

To THE PRESn)E\T OF THE UNITED STATES. 

Sui : — The inhabitants of the town of Newburyport fully impressed 
with the present important crisis of public affairs are prompted no less 
by a sense of duty then by their own feelings to express those sentiments 
which the occasion so naturally inspires in the breast of every American. 
From the long experience of your conduct in the many public offices to 
which you have been called by your own country they feel the most per- 
fect confidence in your wisdom, integrity and patriotism : and they with 
cheerfulness declare their entire approbation of your attempt to adjust all 
existing disputes with the French Republic by an amicable negotiation 
of that spirit of conciliation which dictated your instructions to our minis- 
ters and of the principles of justice on which thev were founded. They 
learn with equal indignation and astonishment that this spirit of concilia- 
tion has been repelled with contempt that these principles of justice have 
been disregarded and that a heavy tribute with humiliating concessions 
on our part has been proposed to us in a manner arbitrary and unfriend- 
ly as the price at which we must purchase the right of being heard. The 
inhabitants of this town duly appreciate the blessing of peace and neu. 
Irality but they will never complain at the loss of these blessings, when 
constrained to sacrifice them to the honor, the dignity and the essential 
interests of their country. They consider the present interesting state of 

'Impartial Herald, April 26, 1796. 



no 



HIS TOR y OF NE IV B UR YPOR T 



public affairs as a solemn appeal to the hearts of all independent Ameri- 
cans, and a call on them to come forward with unanimity and tirmness, in 
support of the government and the men of their choice, to resist with 
becoming dignity any vain attempt to derogate from our common sov- 
ereignty, or to degrade our national character from the rank it now justly 
holds among nations to convince the world that we are alike uninfluenced 
by corruption and by fear and that we will not be a divided people, the 
miserable slaves of a foreign power or the despicable tools of foreign 
influence. 

Impressed with these sentiments and relying with full confidence on 
the wisdom and patriotism of every branch of government, they take this 
occasion solemnly to pledge their lives and fortunes to support the meas- 
ures judged necessary by the President and Congress to [preser\'e and 
secure the happiness, the dignity, and the essential interests of the United 
States." 

To this address the president repHed as follows : — 

To THE Inhabitants of Newburvport. 

Gentlemen : The address of the inhabitants of the ancient, popu- 
lous and wealthy town of NewburyjDort, passed without a dissentient 
voice, at a late meeting, as certified by your selectmen and presented to 
me by your representative in Congress, Mr. Bartlett, does me great honor. 

The astonishment and indignation you express at the contempt with 
which a spirit of conciliation has been replied to ; your resolution never 
to complain at the loss of the blessings of peace and neutrality, when 
constrained to sacrifice them to the honor, dignity and essential interests 
of your country ; to resist with becoming dignity any vain attempt to 
derogate from our common sovereignty or to degrade our national char- 
acter from the rank it now justly holds among nations ; to convince the 
world that you are alike uninfluenced by corruption and by fear ; that you 
are not a divided people, the miserable slaves of foreign influence, do 
equal honor to your hearts and judgment. 

Your reliance with full confidence on the wisdom and patriotism of 
every branch of the government, and the solemn pledge of your lives and 
fortunes to support the measures of the legislature and administration, to 
preserve and secure the happiness, dignity and essential interests of the 
United States are all the assurances which the best of governments could 
desire from the best of citizens. 

John Adams. 

Philadelphia, May 6, lygS. 

' Newburypott Town Records, vol. II., p. 178. 



FRENCH WAR m 

For the protection of American commerce several vessels 
were speedily built and equipped for the naval service. 

In ninety days from the date of contract, Jonathan, Nathan 
and Orlando B. Merrill, completed the U. S. Brig Pickering, 
at their shipyard in Newbury and she sailed in July from New- 
bury port for Boston " to take in her guns and complement of 
men."' 

The ship Merrimack, three hundred and fifty-five tons bur- 
den, carrying twenty six-pound cannon, was built at the Fed- 
eral shipyard in Newburyport for the general government on 
the terms and conditions stated in the following communica- 
tion to Hon. Bailey Bartlett of Haverhill, representative-elect 
to congress in place of Hon. Theophilus Bradbury who had 
resigned : — 

Newf.urvi'okt, June i, 1798. 
Sn< : A number of the inhabitants of this town have agreed to build 
and equip a ship of three hundred and fifty-five tons burthen, to be 
mounted with 20 six-pound cannon and to offer her to the government 
of the United States for their use. They have also voted that they will 
not accept of any further or other compensation from the government 
than an interest of six per cent per annum on the net cost of the ship and 
equipments, and a final reimbursement, at the convenience of government, 
of the said net cost ; and they have appointed us a committee to inform 
you of their intentions, and to request you to promote a provision where- 
by they may be enabled to carry their designs into execution by the 
countenance of government so far as the same shall appear necessary. 
As we indulge a hope that this intention of the citizens of Newburyport 
will lead to proportionate exertions in larger and wealthier towns, we beg 
leave to suggest the convenience that any provision which maybe thought 
proper and applicable to the case might be general. The inhabitants of 
this town at the present moment are animated with the most zealous res- 
olution to support and defend with their li\-es and property, the govern- 
ment of their country, as well against the open attacks of foreign enemies 
as the insidious attempts of domestic traitors. They heartily wish their 
abilities extended beyond their present offer, but the immense ravages 
which have been committed on their property by sea, and the great pro- 
portion of the remnant yet at risk, forbid their further indulgence of their 
inclinations. It mav be that under a late act of government authorizing 

^ Newburyport Herald and Country Gazette, July 27, 1798 ; History of Newbury 
(Currier), p. 485. 



112 HIS TOR V OF AE WB UR YPOR T 

the Executive to purchase ships of war, the proposal may be closed with- 
out legislative aid. If such should be your opinion we wish you to lay 
the plan before the executive and we shall be the more gratified in this 
way as the whole business may probably be thus considerably expedited. 
The materials are already in forwardness and provisional contracts will be 
entered into, so that probably in ninety days from our receiving assur- 
ances that government patronizes our design the ship may be afloat. 
The best calculations we have been able to make of the whole expense, 
reduce it below thirty thousand dollars and if the utmost attention to 
economy and despatch can effect any thing the cost will finally fall con- 
siderably within that sum. 

Among the good effects of the present proposal we have contemplated 
that in this way government may at this period, when so many calls for 
money exist, procure the means of defence without actual advances, 
perhaps with more promptitude and undoubtedly with considerably less 
ex-pense than in the common mode of contracts. 

With best wishes for your health and happiness, we are, sir, your most 
obedient servants. 

William Bartlet ■"] 

William Coombs 

I3ui)LEV A. TvN(; 

Moses Browx 

Wm. P. Johnson- y Coiuinittee^ 

Nicholas Johnson 

William Karris 

El'.ENEZER STOCKER 

SAMf- A. Otis, Jr. 
Ht)N. Bailev Bartlett 

Ship builders, caulkers, blacksmiths, mast makers, riggers, 
and sail makers were invited to name the lowest prices at 
which they would agree to furnish the labor and materials for 
a ship of three hundred and sixty tons burthen to be built and 
launched previous to the first day of October. - 

June 13, 1798, William Cross, shipwright, and Thomas M. 
Clark, merchant, agreed with William Bartlett, William 
Coombs, Nicholas Johnson. Ebenezer Stocker and Abraham 
Wheelwright, representing the merchants of Newburyport, to 
build a vessel ninety-two feet long, thirty feet wide and fifteen 
feet deep, from gun deck to lower hold, for the sum of twent}'- 

' Newburyport Herald and Country Gazette, June 19, 179S. 
-' Newburyport Herald and Country Gazette, June 5, I79J>. 



FRENCH WAR 



113 



two dollars and fifty cents per ton for the carpenter work, 
" one third down, one third when ship is shut in under the wale, 
remaining one third when the hull of the ship is completed 
and delivered afloat in Newburyport."' 

William Hackett superintended the building of the ship 
in the middle shipyard near where the police station now 
stands. Capt. Moses Brown marched at the head of a com- 
pany of young men to the yard where the ship was building 
and addressed the carpenters at work there on the fourth day 
of July.- Nicholas Johnson was appointed agent, by the gen- 
eral government, to purchase supplies for the ship and fit her 
for sea as speedily as possible. 

N.wv Department, 

Trenton, September i, 179S. 

Sir : — It being nece.s.sarv that a person of Character & Judgement 
.should be appointed to act as the Agent of the PupHc in superintending 
the Equipment of the Ship building at Newburyport by the Patriotic 
Subscriptions of your Citizens and as you have already had an Agency, 
as I am informed, with respect to her, and are mentioned in favorable 
Terms bv Mr. Bartlett, I rec|uest that you will undertake to act for the 
public also. 

I enclose for vour Government a List of the Articles considered as 
necessary for a ship of that force, and it will be desirable that the whole 
of them should be procurred bv you except the I^owder & Muskets which 
will be supplied from hence. If however you should find that there are 
any-other of the articles contained in the enclosed List that you cannot 
furnish, please to send me an exact list of them that they may be sent to 
you in time. 

The Customary Commission allowed to the Navy Agents in other ports 
is two per cent on the amount of the Expenditures and you will charge 
the same, with which I hope you will be content, as you will also possess 
the Gratification of rendering service to your Country at this important 
Period. 

It is the more desirable that vou should furnish the whole of the Sup- 
plies as the situation of Philadelphia and New York, in consequence of 
the prevailing Fever, will render very uncertain the obtaining them from 
either of those places. In order that vou may commence your Purchases 
I have directed a Remittance of Two thousand Dollars to be sent you, 

' As early as 1790, William Cross had a ship yard at the foot of Merrill street. 
He built vessels therein 1823 and perhaps later. 

'Newburyport Herald and Country Gazette, July 6, 1798. 



114 



HI ST OK Y OF NE WB UR YPOR T 



and whenever you require further sums you will please to advise me and 
they shall be forwarded. I have the honor to be jour most obedt servt 

Bexj. Stoddard. 
Mr. Nicholas Johxsox, 

Newbury Port. 

The following-named persons were apponited officers, and 
placed in command of the ship early in September : — 

Moses Brown, Captain, Joseph Hooper, Purser, 

Michael Titcomb, Jun., Lieutenant, Robert Newman, Boatswain) 

Samuel Chase, " Thomas Witham, Gunner.' 

Jonathan Titcomb, Sailing Master, 

She was named "Merrimack," and launched October twelfth. - 
She sailed for Boston December ninth, arriving there the same 
day.^ For a figure-head she had an eagle perched upon a 
globe supported by two figures, one representing Commerce, 
the other Justice.- She carried twenty nine-pound and eight 
six-pound cannon. 

The "Merrimack" w^as the first and best vessel furnished 
on loan to the go\'ernment and cost less than any other then 
in the service of the United States. She was ordered to join 
the squadron, under the command of Commodore Barr)\ in the 
West Indies. 

During the next two or three years she captured the brig 
"Brillante," sixteen guns, the " Magiciene," fourteen guns, 
the " Phenix " and " Le Bonaparte," each fourteen guns, 
besides recapturing many American and British vessels that 
had been pursued and taken by French privateers. 

She was sold in Boston for the sum of $21,154 in 1803, 
and subsequently under the name of " Monticello," was 
wrecked on Cape Cod. 

FRENCH REFUGEES. 

The political complications that preceded the French revo- 
lution and the beheading of King Louis X\T led to scenes of 

' Newbuiyport Herald and Country Gazette, Sept. iS, 1798. 
- Newhuiyport Herald and Country Gazette, Oct. 12, 1798. 
■' Newburyport Herald and Country Gazette, Dec. 14, 179S. 



FRENCH REFUGEES 



115 



anarchy and confusion on the islands belonging' to France in 
the West Indies. Many wealthy and influential citizens found 
it necessary to seek safety in flight. 

May 27, 1789, Henry Marie Louis, a native of Lyons, 
France, came in a vessel, under the command of Capt. William 
Bradbury, from Martinique to Newburyport ; and July six- 
teenth the following-named persons arrived in the brig Sally, 
Capt. Offin Boardman, from Guadaloupe : — ' 

Mariane Perrin 

Mariane Bottau 

Nerau Verpril 

ferico Perrin 

Sophia Perrin 

Mariane Bottau 

Arthute Magloire 

Augestane Roveine 

Virginea Bocsiher 

Urane Moltater 

Marglar Bottau 

France vor Parize 

Chica (BottleBoy) j " 13 

During the next two or three years the nimiber of French 
refugees who came to Newbin-y[jort was unusually large. When 
peace was restored some of them returned to the West Indies, 
but others, worn down with grief and anxiety, died and were 
buried in the Old Hill burying-ground. In the valley t)n the 
northwesterly side of the hill is a row of gravestones bearing 
the following inscriptions : — 

Mr Mederic Dumas 

Natif dc Bordeaux 

Iiahifaiit dit ford DaupJiin 

Isle S' Doiiiiiiiqiie 

decede a Newburjport 

le g"' Mai i-/g2 

A<{t' de 4g Alts 

' Newburyport (Selectmen's) Records. 





aged 


59 years 

44 " 
52 •' 
20 " 

17 " 

18 " 
23 " 






8 " 
7 " 






28 " 


Servants 
to the 




23 " 
16 " 


above 







1 1 6 HIS TOR Y OF XE IVB UK YPOR T 

Sacrcii to the iiionorv of 

Mr Poyen De St Sauveur. 

7vIio for a long tiiiic was 

an luliahitant &^ reputable 

Pla)iter in the Island 

of Guadaloitpe. 

(tied ( )et if' iyg2 

Aged 52 Years. 

Hei-e lies a good son 

Louis Eli Mestre 

wlio died 

Dee'' g"> ijg2 

Aged // yeai's. 

Here lies a good son 

Jaque Mestre 

-who died 

Angst J'"' ijgs 

Aged 21 years 

John Baptiste Datua, Esq. 

fornieily of iira/iterre 

in the island of' Li nadaloupe 

Died .April 24. ijgj 

Aged 74 

Another stone, erected .sexeral years later, is sacred to the 
memory of Marie l^Y'Ucite Naudau. The story of her Hfe is 
briefly told in a descriptive sketch, entitled, " The Grave 
beneath the Thorn Tree," published, with other papers, l)y 
Hannah F. (touIcI. in a xolume entitled, "Gathered Leaves." 
The inscription on her i;'ravestone reads as follows : — 

Ci-git 

MARIE FELK ITE 

NADAC nee a la Bassetterre Cuadaloupe 

drevdei' le ig''' Fei'rier 1812 

Ager de 2j ans et t> n/ois 

Epousv de Ml Pierre Merlande 

Habitant an i/uartier de S I^ose 

de la ditte Isle. 



FRENCH REFUGEES 



117 



In 1795, " Nicholas Cools Godefrey of the town of Castrie 
in the island of St Lucie, planter," came to Newburyport with 
his family and twenty negro slaves. He died soon after his 
arrival/ In his will dated May 4, 1795, and proved December 
28, 1795, he gave all his real and personal estate to his son 
" Cools Godefrey now resident at Baltimore," except fifteen 
hundred livres to his natural son, Jacques Moyse Dupre, fifteen 
Johannes to Mr. Marval Bandy, " and two Johannes to Mr. 
Cary, a mariner on board the vessel in which I came passenger, 
for his attention to me during said voyage from St. Lucie. "^ 
One son, under the name of Moses Cole, remained in New- 
buryport, married, and afterwards became a prominent portrait 
painter in the town.^ 

Francis Vergnies de Bonischere, born in France in 1 747, 
was for many years a medical practitioner in Guadalouj^e. 
During the turmoil and confusion that preceded the French 
revolution he considered it prudent to remove to New Eng- 
land. The Impartial Herald, a newspaper printed in Newbury- 
port, published the following notice, September 3, 1796 : — 

We understand that Monsieur \'ergnies, an eminent Physician late 
from Guadaloupe, has arrived in town and resides at Capt. WiUiam 
Mc'Hard's. 

At that date, a malignant fever prevailed in Newburyport, 
and Doctor Vergnies was diligent and courteous in rendering 
assistance and ministering to the wants of the inhabitants. 

He wended his wav to the chambers of the sick, with a smile, a rever- 
ence, or a word of civilit}' for every one he met. And, in his pleasantry 
and cheerfulness of spirit, he often carried to his patient " a medicine to 
minister to a mind deceased," which was quite as efficacious as that 
which the vials in his pocket contained for the body, and ever made him 
a welcome visitor.4 

He was never married and lived for more than twenty years 

' May II, 1795, Rev. Edward Bass, rector of St. Paul's church, recorded the 
burial of " Nicola Coole Godefoy, a French Gentleman from Martinico.'" 
-' Essex Probate Records, book 365, p. 222. 
•' Reminiscenses of a Nonagenarian, p. 187. 
^ " Gathered Leaves," by Hannah F. Gould, p. 25. 



1 1 8 HIS TOR Y OF NE IVB UR YPOR T 

in the house on the southeasterly corner of Washington and 
Market streets, now owned by the heirs of the late George 
Fitz." He died May 26, 1830, in the eighty-third year of his 
age. In his will, dated May 13, 1820, and proved in the 
month of June, 1830, he gave one-third of his estate in Guad- 
aloupe to " Monsieur Vergnies Bouischere," son of his de- 
ceased brother, and the other two-thirds to the other sons, 
daughters and widow of his brother. To Enoch Noyes, eld- 
est son of Paul Noyes, in whose family he boarded for many 
years, he gave certain promissory notes and securities. To 
Robert Noyes, another son, and to Sally and Patty Noyes, 
daughters of Paul Noyes, one hundred dollars each. To the 
Massachusetts Medical society, all his French, English, Latin 
and Greek medical books, and to the Right Reverend John 
Cheverus, Roman Catholic bishop in Boston, five hundred 
dollars and the books in his library not otherwise disposed of .- 
For several years previous to his death Doctor Vergnies was 
totally bUnd and seldom left the house in which he resided, ex- 
cept for a short ride or walk with a faithful attendant, but he 
is still remembered by his former friends and neighbors as a 
kind, careful, and skillful physician. 

YELLOW FEVER AND SMALLPOX. 

In 1796, a malignant fever similar to, if not identical with, 
the yellow fever of the south, appeared in Newburyport, and 
fifty-five persons, including Dr. J. Barnard Swett, one of the 
most eminent physicians of the town, died before the ra\'ages 
of the disease could be stayed. 

Dr. Francis Vergnies Dc Bouischere, who came to Newbury- 
port while the fever was at its height, devoted himself, night 
and day, to the care of the sick and used his medical skill and 
experience to good advantage. His valuable services were ap- 
preciated and publicly acknowledged by his townsmen and 
friends. 

' The land on the corner of the above named streets was purchased by Paul 
Noyes in 1769, and the house was probably built a year or two later. 
-Essex Probate Records, book 407, p. 435. 



FROG POND AND BARTLET MALL 



119 



[April 3, 1797] Voted unanimously that the thanks of the town be given 
to Doctor Vergenies for his prompt assistance & advice the last summer 
when the town was visited bv a malignant disorder.' 

July 16, 1799, a special committee was appointed to visit 
and examine vessels arriving in the harbor in order to prevent, 
if possible, the spreading of yellow fever and other contagious 
diseases in the town. 

It was also voted to request Justice Pike to call on the Captain & crew 
of the schooner Sally lately arrived from St Thomas & examine them on 
oath respecting the sickness on board said vessel the last voyage. - 

All vessels from southern ports were ordered to anchor 
below the piers, keep a red flag fiying and allow no person, 
letter or package to be taken on shore. These vessels were 
sent to Rainsford's island, in Boston harbor, to be disinfected 
and cleansed, if necessary, or after careful examination were 
granted permission to land their cargoes, under certain restric- 
tions, at one of the wharves in Newburyport. 

June 29, 1803, the town voted to grant Dr. Lane permission 
to take patients " innoculated with kine pox " into the hospit- 
al in Common pasture, where persons were confined with small- 
pox, in order to test the value and effectiveness of the new 
method of inoculation.-'' 

March 28, 18 16, the removal of the hospital from Common 
pasture was ordered, " provided the town of Newbur)% claim- 
ing to own the land on which it stands, does not object. "■♦ 

FROG POND AND BARTLET MALL. 

When Newburyport was incorporated in 1764 the common 
and undivided land in the vicinity of Frog pond was claimed 
b)' the proprietors of the town of Newbury. 

The plan on page 121, taken from the Newburyport 
town records, volume I., page 61, gives the location of the 
buildings standing there in 1771. 

' Newburyport Town Records, vol. IL, p. 146. 
- Newburyport Town Records, vol. IL, p. 203. 
•''Newburyport Town Records, vol. IL, p. 290. 
''Newburyport Town Records, vol. II., p. 517. 



I 20 HISTOR Y OF NE WB UR YPOR T 

The windmill was erected in 1730/ and " burying hill " was 
laid out and enclosed with a board fence in 1703.- The rope 
walk was built by Capt. John Crocker, in 1748,-' and the fol- 
lowing" grants of land were made by the town of Newbury 
March 12, 1 750-1 : — 

Voted that the Prayers of Samuel Aubin in a Petition laid before this 
meeting be Granted & that the selectmen agreeable to said Petition lett 
him have a piece of land to set a small house upon near frog Pond where 
it will be the least Damage to the town. 

Upon hearing a Petition laid before the meeting by Nathan Willett 
voted that the Prayers of said Petition be Granted & that the selectmen 
Give him liberty to set a small Dwelling house on the Southerly side of 
Wind Mill hill agreeeble to the Petition.4 

The powder house near the burying ground was erected 
by the town of Newbury in 1753.-'' 

The house and land owned and occupied by Stephen Hoop- 
er in 1 77 1 were in his possession as early as June 29, 1767, 
having been conveyed to him previous to that date/' 

The selectmen of Newburyport were instructed, at a meet- 
ing of the inhabitants held September 4, 1765, to lav out, for 
public use, the land about Frog poiid and the biuying place, 
"together with the pond itself," if the proprietors of the town 
of Newbury, after careful consideratic^n, declined to co-operate 
with them in the desired improvement. 

On the twenty-eighth day of February following, Daniel 
Farnham, John Berrey and Cutting Moody, selectmen, gave 
notice that they had attended to the duty assigned them and 
had laid out the land in the vicinity of the pond as a way for 
the use of the town. 7 

March 21, i ^66, the selectmen were authorized to lease the 
land near Frog pond " on which the Rojdc Walk and Potash 

' History of Newbury (Currier), p. 260. 

- " Ould Newbury," p. 453. 

■* History of Newbury (Currier), p. 264. 

■* Newbury Town Records (i 731-1785), p. 85. 

■'' History of Newbury (Currier), p. 226. 

'' Essex Deeds, book 124, leaf 211. 

^ " Ould Newbury," p. 612. 



1 2 2 HI ST OR Y OF NE IVB UR YPOR T 

House stood" and collect from persons now in possession of 
the property a reasonable sum for the use of the same, and on 
the twenty-second day of May, Daniel Farnham, Dudley At- 
kins and John Lowell were appointed a committee to prepare 
and file, in the court of general sessions, a by-law forbidding 
the taking of gravel, sand, clay, turf or mould from land be- 
longing to the town in the vicinity of Frog pond under penalty 
of twenty shillings for every load taken.' 

[May 6, 1773] settled with Crocker & Balch for the use of the Town's 
Land where the Rope walk now stands. ^ 

[March 8, 1774] voted that the selectmen view the piece of Land men. 
tioned in the Petition of Ralph Cross & others for a Training Field and 
direct the Surveyors to level in the same in the best and cheapest manner 
they can, so as not to Expend more than Twenty pounds upon it and not 
to Endanger the Pond. 3 

[May 15, 1775] voted to grant Ebenezer Morrison liberty to set up a 
Potter's Kiln at or near the N. West side of Burying Hill to be under 
the Direction of the Selectmen for the time being.4 

[March 9, 1779] voted to Impower Mr Nathl Tracy to plant trees on 
High street where the old Rope Walk stood.s 

Liberty to erect a building near Burying hill to be used for 
the purpose of distilhng oil of turpentine was granted to 
Stephen Noyes November 13, 1780, "he paying such consid- 
eration therefor as shall be agreed to by the selectmen";^' and, 
August II, 1784, the right of Fbenezer Morrison "to Dig- 
Clay near the Burying ground " was referred to a committee 
who recommended, March 16, 1785, "that no person what- 
ever be suffered to dig any clay or gravel upon the town's 
land near the burying ground. "^ 

In the summer of 1785, hay scales were erected at the 
northwesterly end of Frog pond ; - and in 1 790 a schoolhouse, 

' By-law filed in court of general sessions July S, 1766. 

- Newburyport (Selectmen's) Records; History of Newbury (Currier), pp. 264, 
265. 

■' Newburyport Town Kecords, vol. I., p. 1S7. 

'Newburyport Town Records, vol. I., p. 233. 

^ Newburyport Town Records, vol. I., p. 313. 

•^ Newburyport Town Records, vol. L, p. 341. 

' Newburyport Town Records, vol. L, j^p. 428 and 437. 

** See p. 78. 



FROG POND AND BARTLET MALL 



123 



one-Story high, forty feet long and thirty feet wide, was built 
near the hay scales/ April 4, 1796, the inhabitants of New- 
buryport "voted to build a new schoolhouse of brick nearly of 
the same dimensions of the north schoolhouse, and that the 
same be set at the southerly end of the Mall, on the town's 
land near the Frog Pond."- The windmill that stood on a 
slight eminence at that end of the mall in 1771 was probably 
removed to a more convenient location (near the burying 
ground) in 1774, when the hill was cut down, and used for a 
training field. The following advertisement was published in 
the Newburyport Herald and Country Gazette, August 21, 
1798:— 

To be sold at public auction on Thursday the 6th day of September at 
twelve o'clock. 

The Wind Mill as it now stands near the Burying Ground, and to be 
taken off the Ground by the purchaser. For further particulars inquire 
of Ebenezer Morrison. 

Ebenezer Morrison 
William Little. 

The sale did not take place at that date, for some unknown 
reason, and the'property was again advertised in the Herald 
on the thirteenth day of June, 1800, as follows : — 

To be sold at public aviction on the twenty-third clay of June. The 
Wind Mill and all the appurtenances thereto belonging, and about six acres 
of land lying round about the same being on the hill near the burying 
ground in the town of Newburyport. 

September 21, 1797, a committee, consisting of Moses 
Brown, William Bartlet and Jonathan Marsh, was appointed 
to settle all claims relating to the highways and landings in 
Newburyport, " provided an agreement can be made with the 
proprietors of the town of Newbury within twelve months."-'' 
August 20, 1 798, the selectmen were authorized to purchase 
the whole or a part of the common and unflivided land in 
Newburyport on the following terms and conditions: — 

' " Ould Newbury," p. 614. 
- " Ould Newbury," p. 615. 
■^ Newburyport Town Records, vol. II., p. 165. 



124 



HIS TOR V OF NE WB UR YPO R T 



Voted that the selectmen or the Major part of them be authorized to 
purchase for the Town the whole, or such parts as they may think useful 
to the town, of the Common Land in Newbury & Newbur\port, lying 
within this town, upon such terms, conditions, reservations, and stipula- 
tions as they may think proper they tirst consulting the best council they 
can obtain whether the Town can hold, or be authorized to build upon 
any of the said Common Lands and if such Council shall be of opinion 
that the Town now hath such authority then that the said selectmen or 
the major part of them do not make any purchase of the said Propri- 
etors.' 

At a town meeting" held in the montli of Septemlier follow- 
ing, the above vote was reconsidered and subsecjuently the 
proprietors of the town of Newbury brought a suit to recover 
damages for land taken by the selectmen of Newburyport for 
highways in the vicinity of Frog pond and at the middle ship- 
yard, so called. August 29, 1799. a committee, consisting of 
Enoch Titcomb, Charles Jackson and John Fitz, was appointed 
to employ counsel to defend the suit at the October term of 
the court of general sessions. - 

February 19, 1800, David Dole and others petitioned the 
General Court to ratify and confirm the claim of the proprie- 
tors of Newbury to the common and undixided land in New- 
buryport,-^ and on the third day of June following a similar 
petition was presented and referred to the committee on new 
trials.-* A hearing was appointed, but no definite action re- 
sulted. 

Two or three weeks later Capt. Edmund Bartlet and a few 
other ptiblic-spirited citizens of Newburyport, determined to 
fill up a deep ravine near the head of Green street, and make 
some desirable improvements in the vicinity of the pond. All 
persons interested in the work were in\ited to assist in level- 
ling and grading the land and in laying out a broad promenade 
parallel with High street. 5 The Herald published, in its edi- 
torial colunui, the following words of commendation : — 

' Newburyport Town Records, vol. II., p. 185. 

- Newburyport Town Records, vol. II., p. 204. 

' Journal of the House of Representatives, vol. 10, p. 322. 

' Journal of the House of Representatives, vol. 21, p. 39. 

'Newburyport Herald and Country (Gazette, June 27, 1800. 



FROG POND AND BARTLET MALL 



125 



So delightful a situation for a publick walk has been too long neglect- 
ed. When completed it will not only be useful to the people individually, 
— but when the trees shall be grown will be greatly conducive to the 
health, and highly ornamental to the town.' 

Ill the month of September following, the proprietors of the 
town of 'Newbury presented another petition to the General 
Court in regard to the occtipation and use of the common and 
undivided land in Ne\vbin-)p()rt. and on the fifteenth da)' of 
that month Charles Jackson, Enoch Titcomb and Jolm VWl 
were appointed "agents to make answer to the Petition of 
David Dole & others " at the General Court to be held in 
Boston after the first day of January in 1801.- 

The petition of the proprietors of the town of Newbury, 
and the remonstrance of the committee appointed by the in- 
habitants of Newburyport, were read in the senate on the 
eleventh day of February, and referred, in the regular order 
of business, to the committee on new trials ; but no report was 
made by the committee, and probably no further action was 
taken by the General Court. ^ 

At a meeting of the inhabitants of Newburyport, held March 
17, 1 80 1, an attempt was made to reinburse " Capt. Edmund 
Kartlet, Jun"' his expense the last year on the Mall agreeable 
to a petition of Cap* William Wyer & others " but the motion 
was defeated,'* and on the twenty-second day of March, 1802, 
the town voted "to make the repairs which may from time to 
time be necessary on the Mall, near frog pond, agreeably to 
a petition of Cap* Edmund Bartlet & others. "^ 

The following verses, 'dedicated to Captain Bartlet, were 
}Hiblished in the Newburyport Herald and Country Gazette, 
March 12, 1802. 

^ Newburyport Herald and Country Gazette, July ii, i860. 

^Newburyport Town Records, vol. II., p. .235. 

■* Journal of the Senate, vol. 21, p. 191. October 28, 1826, the proprietors of 
the town of Newbury gave a quitclaim deed of the common and undivided land 
in Newburyport to the inhabitants of the last named town, for the sum of twelve 
hundred dollars. " Ould Newbury," p. 620. 

'' Newburyport Town Records, vol. II., p. 241. 

"* Newburyport Town Records, vol. II., p. 263. 



FA'OG POND AND BARTLET MALL 

127 

One side a busy mart is found 

Where fortune is caress'd 
On t'other swells the rising mound 

Where weary mortals rest. 

Here, noisy Tars, who mount to skies, 

Through imprecations run, 
And towers unequal, thickly rise 

And glitter in the sun. 

There, magazines for war they raise 

There, funeral honor's done. 
And there, the slumb'ring ordnance lays, 

That welcomed Washington. 

On high above the sloping bank, 

Just o'er the stagnant pool 
The obedient soldier forms his rank 

And children trip to school. 

Impartial Justice takes her stand 

To mortals lends her care 
And Somerby with equal hand 

Suspends the load in air. 

The school-boy's bark by Zephyr's huried 

Would foreign climes explore, 
He thinks she sails all round the worid 

As Cook had done before. 

The toipid frog crawls into light 

And gambols on the strand 
As infants ere receiving sight 

Can play the little hand. 

The cautious turtle quits the mud 

Where cold has pierced the bone, 
And slily steals from out the flood ' 

And warms her on a stone. 

The social duck now swims alone, 

And scuds across the pool. 
To shun the schoolboy's pelting stone 

When rushing out of school. 

The chatfring swallow flits along 

Just o'er the water's brim, 
And scoops a little with her tongue. 

In doubt to fly or swim. 



1 2 8 HIS TORY OF NE WB UR YFOR 7 

Her spouse unravels all her turns, 

Through all her mazes runs : 
O'er cooling waters still he bums 

And follows where she shuns. 

So in the Mall the blooming Belle 

Her charms confessed to view ; 
Now sucks the lip, now waves the curl 

And bids the beau pursue. 

The useful milch cow slakes her thirst 

The horse his noble fire ; 
Returning health comes b)^ the first 

The last can raise it higher. 

When Phoebus sinks behind the Po, 

To cool his burning ray, 
The sparkling fly resumes her glow 

To emulate the day. 

Now sable night thy curtains drop 

And shut the pleasing view ; 
The pulse of nature seems to stop. 

Which morning shall renew. 

In 1805, the brick building" opposite the head of Green 
street was erected by the town of Newbury and the county 
of Essex, and used as a town and court house combined. In 
1 809, a second story was added to the brick schoolhouse at the 
southeasterly end of the mall, and the one-story wooden 
schoolhouse near the hay scales, built in 1 790, was replaced 
by a new brick building in 1823. A view of the stone jail 
and the jail-keeper's house, erected in 1824, at the north- 
westerly end of the pond, is given in the half-tone print on 
the opposite page. The next year the old jail on Federal 
street was sold by order of the court of general sessions.' 

TOWN AND COURT HOUSE. 

At His Majesty's court of general sessions of the peace, 
held at Ipswich, in Essex county, the last Tuesday in 
March, 1762, it was voted, "that a Court House for ye use of 

" Ould Newbury," p. 620; History of Newbury (Currier), p. 249. 



TO WN AND CO UR T HO USE 



129 



the said County and the Inhabitants of the town of Newbury 
to be improved by both, and in such manner and of such di- 
mensions as in said vote, reference thereto being had, is par- 
ticularly specified, should be erected and built in or adjoining 
to some part of Fish street in said Newbury, and whereas the 
same court of sessions then voted the sum of Two Hundred 
Pounds for the purpose aforesaid, which together with what 
was and is to be raised by subscription was thought then suf- 
ficient for the Building and finishing the said house," a com- 
mittee, consisting of Daniel Farnham, Michael Dalton, Jona- 




JAIL AND jail-keeper's HOUSE. 

than Bayley, Thomas Woodbridge and others, was appointed 
to purchase the land "for the uses and purposes above ex- 
pressed and for no other use or purpose whatever." 

July 7, 1762, Joseph Clements conveyed about eleven rods 
of land adjoining his dwelling house on Fish street, now State 
street, to John Choate, Esq., treasurer of Essex county.' On 
this lot of land a two-story wooden building was erected. 
When Newburyport was incorporated, in 1 764, the land and 
building: were within the limits of the new town. 



'Essex Deeds, book iii, leaf 11 1; History of Newbury (Currier), p. 243. 



130 



HIS TORY OF NE WB UR YPOR T 



The selectmen of Newburyport agreed, April 4, 1 769, to 
allow James Pettingell six shillings for taking care of the town 
house and sweeping the same. May 21, 1771, the selectmen 
were authorized and directed to finish the lower room, and 
the same day a committee, consisting of Daniel Farnham and 
John Lowell, was appointed to confer with the court of gen- 
eral sessions in regard to finishing the upper room.' 

January 25, 1772, the selectmen paid Noah Parker " 5^ 9^ 6'^ 
for an iron stove put up in the Town House"; and May 13, 1773, 
the inhabitants of Newburyport voted "• that the lower part of 
the Town House be used as a Watch House for the present 
summer season and that the Selectmen lookout a Suitable Place 
for a Watch House and make report at the next meeting."- 

The watch house was probably built in 1774 on the easterly 
side of what is now known as Market square. The landing place 
on which it was built was laid out by the selectmen May 1 1, 
1 77 1. A plan of this landing place, drawn by Dudley Col- 
man, surveyor, January 30, 1775, and reproduced in the half- 
tone print on the opposite page, gives the location of the w^atch 
house at that date.^ 

The upper story of the town house was used as a court house 
until the building at the head of Green street, on the mall, was 
erected. 

[October 2, 1S04] voted that a come be chosen on the part of the town, 
to be joined to such come as the Hone Court of Ses may see proper to 
choose, who shall be authorized to contract for & build a Court house 
between the Mall & frog pond, directly fronting the head of Green street : 
to appoint one or more of their number or such other person or persons 
as they may think proper to superintend the building of the Court house 
under their joint direction.4 

The new edifice, designed by Charles Bulfinch, architect, of 
Boston, was completed in 1805. It was a stately building 
with an o])en portico, or colonade in front, with brick pillars 
and arches supporting the second story, and the pediment above 

' Newburyport Town Records, vol. I., p. 152. 
* Newl)uryport Town Records, vol. I., p. 169. 
^ Newburyport Town Records, vol. I., p. 236. 
■• Newburyport Town Records, vol. II., p. 306. 




^"'^^^e^^,^^^ 33''^''^ 



PLAN OF MARKET LANDI 



NG SHOWING LOCATION OF WATCH HOUSE IN 1775- 



132 



HI ST OR V OF NR IVB UK YPOK T 



it, where in bold relief, stood a female figure, representing Jus- 
tice, holding a pair of scales in her right hand. A pencil sketch 
of the court house, made by the late Charles M. Hodge, is 
reproduced herewith. 

For nearly thirty years, town meetings were held in the 
court house, and a school for girls was kept in one of the lower 
rooms. April 8, 1834, a committee, consisting of Ebenezer 
Mosely, Charles H. Balch and Henry I^^rothingham, was ap- 












- ■ ' - • f- 




TOWN AND COURT HOUSE, 1805. 

pointed to sell all the town's interest in the building, and on 
the thirtl day of June following they conveyed the property to 
the county of Essex.' 

In 1853, the court house was remodeled. The old roof was 
taken down and replaced by a new one with heavy cornices 
and brackets. The brick arches in front were closed up, the 
figure of Justice was removed, and the entire building covered 



114. 



Newburyport Town Records, vol. III., p. 300; Essex Deeds, book 276, leaf 



TOWN AND COURT HOUSE 



^Z^ 



with mastic' These alterations, made at a cost of thirteen 
thousand dollars, have obliterated all traces of architectural 
beauty and converted the court house into a plain and sub- 
stantia] edifice, convenient and commodious, perhaps, but other- 
wise unattractive. 

November 9, 1807, the inhabitants of Newburyport voted 
to confirm an agreement, 
made by a committee 
appointed for that pur- 
pose, to pay the treas- 
urer of Essex county 
seven hundred and fifty 
dollars for its interest in 
the old court house on 
State street.- A quit- 
claim deed was duly exe- 
cuted and recorded April 
30, 1808.' In order to 
perfect the title the town 
voted, January 12, 1809, 
to purchase the fee of 
the land from Thomas 
Somerby, " he having 
secured it for the pro- 
tection of the town."-* 

April 25, 1809, a committee, appointed by the town of 
Newburyport, conveyed to Stephen Toppan, Amos Atkinson, 
John Peabody, Stephen Bartlett and Josiah Bartlett, for a 
term of one thousand nine hundred and ninety-nine years, 
the land on the corner of State and Essex streets, with the 
building thereon; the persons above named agreeing to erect 
on the premises, at their own expense, previous to the first 
day of May, 18 10, a substantial brick building with a hall in 

'The carved wooden statue, taken from the court house in 1853, is now in the 
possession of Frederick S. iMosely, Esq., at Indian Hill. A photographic copy of 
the statue is reproduced in the above half-tone print. 

- Newburyport Town Records, vol. II., p. 354. 

^ Essex Deeds, book 186, p. 108. 

"* Essex Deeds, book 186, p. 107. 




THE FIGURE OF lUSTICE 



134 



IIISrOR i ■ OF NE IV B UK YPOR T 



the third story, and two small rooms adjoining^, for the sole 
use and benefit of the town of Newburyport.' 

In May, 1809, the old court and town house was taken 
down and a hall, with offices and stores on the first floor, erected 
on the site. April 13, 1835, the selectmen of Newburyport 
were authorized to sell or lease the selectmen's room and the 
watch house on Essex street,- and April 18, 1845, they were 
instructed " to sell or cause to be sold at public auction all the 
interest and title the Town has in the Town Hall at the corner 
of State and Essex streets, and that they give a quit claim 
deed of the same." May i, 1845, the building" with the land 
under and adjoining the same was conveyed to Thomas Davis. ^ 

MIDDLE SHIPYARD AND MARKET SQUARE. 

Although the common and undivided land in Newburyport 
was claimed by the proprietors of the town of Newbury, the 
landing place extending from what is now Market square to 
the channel of the Merrimack river, was laid out as a town 
way by the selectmen, and accepted by the legal voters of the 
town March 2, 1772. 

At a Meeting of the Select Men of Newburyport May the eleventh 
A. D. 1 77 1 they lay'd out a Town Way or Landing leading from Merri- 
mack Street to the Channel of Merrimack River, bounded easterly partly 
on Land of Benjamin Greenleaf, Esq., and partly on Land of Capt 
Patrick Tracy, and bounded Westerly on Land of James McHard, Esq., 
beginning at Merrimack street and running by Mc'RarcFs said Land 
unto the northerly Side of his Wharf or Brestwork and from thence on a 
Strait Line North ten Degrees to the said Channel including all the Land 
and Flats between said Bounds from Merrimack Street aforesaid to the 
Channel of the River aforesaid not already laid out as a Town Way, 
Landing or Highway. 

Also all the Land or Hatts between the aforesaid westerly Line and 
Land possessed by Josiah Titcomb except such Land as the said McHard 

owns. 

(Signed) John Stickney ~^ 

Matthew Perkins I Select iiicn of 

Tristram Dalton [ said town ^ 

John Lowell J 

' Essex Deeds, book 194, leaf 216. 

"Newburyport Town Records, vol. IIL, p. 328. 

■' Essex Deeds, book 353, leaf 288. 

^ Newburyport Town Records, vol. L, pp. 157, 169 and 236. 



MIDDLE SHIP YA KD AND MARKE T SQUARE 135 

The land taken for this way or landing was then known as 
the middle shipyard." Subsequently, low sheds or shambles, 
for the sale of butchers' meat, were built on a portion of 
the land, and when they were removed the market house was 
erected there. 

At the March term of the court of general sessions, held in 
Ipswich in 1772, Samuel Gerrish and Philip White presented 
a petition praying for the discontinuance of the way or landing, 
and notice was served on the inhabitants of Newburyport, who 
voted to employ counsel to defend the suit. 

[June 20, 1772] Upon reading the Petition of Samuel Gerrish & I'hilhp 
White, Esqs., to the Court of General Sessions of the Peace for the 
County of Essex praying the Discontinuance of a Town Way lay'd out 
by the Selectmen in May A. D., 1771 and accepted by this Town at their 
annual Meeting in March last to which I^etition the Town are notified 
to make answer at said Court of Sessions on the second Tuesday of July 
next 

Voted that Daniel P'arnham Esq, & John Lowell Esc^, be agents & 
attorneys Jointly & Severally for the Town to make answer to said 
factitious & to defend the Town in that respect thro the due course of 
the Law till the same shall be determined and that the said agents or 
attorneys be authorized to substitute any other agents or attorneys under 
them if need be.- 

At the July term of the court, held in Salem, Daniel Farn- 
ham and John Lowell appeared as counsel for the inhabitants 
of Newburyport, and by agreement the case was continued 
until the month of September following, when after a hearing 
the court found that Philip White, one of the petitioners, had 
no just cause for complaint, and, in the month of December 
following, Samuel Gerrish having failed to appear in support 
of the petition, it was dismissed. ^ 

Early in the spring of 1787, Stephen Sweazy, and others 
associated with him, asked permission " to build a ship at the 
public landing near the Rev^ Mr. Gary's meeting house," and 

' A plan of this way or landing, recorded in Newburyport Town Records, vol. \. , 
p. 236, is reproduced on page 131. 

^Newburyport Town Records, vol. I., p. 159. 

^ Records of the court of general sessions (1764- 1777), pp. 261-263. 



136 HI ST OR Y OF DIE WB UR YPOR T 

on the thirtieth day of April the inhabitants of Newbury- 
port decided that they had no legal right to grant the prayer 
of the petitioners, but voted to make no objection to 
the building of a ship at the place designated, nor claim com- 
pensation for the land if used for that purpose/ 

September 18, 1794, the selectmen were authorized to build 
" at the Town's expense a convenient shed on the Town's 
landing back of the shambles for the purpose of a Fish 
Market."^ 

Timothy Dexter proposed, July 2, 1795 "to erect at his 
own expense a handsome brick building for a market house on 
the town's landing between Judge Greenleaf's and Mr. Andrew 
Frothingham's land ;"3 but the Committee appointed to con- 
sider the propriety of accepting this offer reported " that 
the land upon which said building is proposed to be erected is 
laid out and established by the Town as a public way or land- 
ing" and that the town therefore had no authority to permit a 
building to be erected there/ 

At the April term of the court of general sessions, held in 
Salem in 1797, a committee appointed by the proprietors of 
the town of Newbury submitted the following statement and 
attempted to recover, by a suit-at-law, damages for the use 
and occupation of the middle shipyard : — 

The memorial of the subscribers a Committee for the Proprietors of com- 
mon and undivided lands in Newbury & Newburyport humbly shows that 
from the first Settlement of the said Town of Newljury the said Proprietors 
were possessed and held in their own right the fee and improvement of a 
certain piece of land and flatts within the bounds of Newburyport known 
by the name of the Middle Shipyard ; that in the year one thousand 
seven hundred & seventy-one, on the eleventh day of May, the said town 
of Newbur}'])ort laid down the said land & flatts for the use of said town 
& accepted the same on March second, one thousand seven hundred & 

' Newljuryport Town Records, vol. I., pp. 4S6, 487. 

-Newlniryport Town Records, vol. II., p. 98. 

May 2, 1795) the selectmen were authorized to erect a fish market near the 
lower long whaif (Town Records, vol. II., p. 118); and, March 22, 1797, Moses 
Hoyt, Nathan Hoyt and John Somerby were appointed a committee to build one 
at the north end of the town (vol. II., p. 145). 

■'Newburyport Town Records, vol. II., p. 117. 

•* " Ould Newbury," p. 623, 



MIDDLE SHIPYARD AND MARKET SQUARE 137 

seventy-two & have never made any Compensation to said proprietors 
therefor and now refuse to do it. 

Your memorialists therefore pray your Honours that a Jury may be 
summoned in due form of Law to discontinue said way & restore to the 
proprietors their property (we conceiving it quite unnecessary for the use 
of said town) or to assess the damages to said Proprietors according to 
Law & as in duty bound shall ever pray, 

David Dole Junr ( Com for the Prors of Coiinnon 
Samuel Noyes ^ fir» Undivided Lauds in Newbury 
JoN-*^ Greenleaf ( (&-= Neivhiiryport ■ 

Hon. Theophilus Bradbury, counsel for the inhabitants of 
Newburyport, claimed that inasmuch as the town way or land- 
ing had been laid out for more than twenty years the petition- 
ers were not entitled to damages. The court decided in favor 
of the defendants and the petition was dismissed. 

At the April term of the court of general sessions, held in 
Newburyport in 1799, the proprietors of common and undi- 
vided lands again asked that the public ways in the vicinity of 
Frog pond and the middle shipyard be discontinued, but the 
prayer of the petitioners was not granted.^ 

At that date the meeting house of the First Religious soci- 
ety stood in the centre of the triangular lot of land now known 
as Market sc[uare. At a parish meeting held October 19, 
1 798, a committee was appointed " to see what place or places 
can be obtained whereon to build a meeting house and on what 
terms and what sum may be obtained for the old meeting 
house and land under and adjoining the same."' 

January 7, 1800, the inhabitants of Newburyport "voted 
to choose a committee to apply to the General Court at their 
next session for the grant of a Lottery to enable the Town to 
purchase the ground under & adjoining to the meeting house 
belonging to the First Religious Society in this Town."-* The 
petition was presented in the house of representatives on the 
twenty-fifth day of January following" ; and on the tenth day of 
February the petitioners were granted " leave to withdraw. "5 

' Records of the court of general sessions (i 796-1803), p. 25. 

-Records of the court of general sessions (1796-1S03), pp. 104-107. 

^"Ould Newbury," p. 440. 

■•Newburyport Town Records, vol. IL, p. 209. 

'' Journal of the House of Representatives, vol. 20, pp. 230, 285. 



MIDDLE SHIPYARD AND MARKET SQUARE 139 

May first, the selectmen of Newburyport were notified that 
the meetint;" house with the land under and adjoining the same 
could be pin'chased for eight thousand dollars ; and July tenth 
the inhabitants of the town voted to pay forty-four hundred 
dollars, the balance, thirty-six hundred dollars, to be raised by 
private subscription. A deed of conveyance was duly signed 
and executed on the eighteenth day of July following,' and the 
next day the selectmen laid out the land for a town way." 

[August iS, iSoo] voted to allow «S: approve of a way laid out by the 
Selectmen on the 19th July last by the name of Market square & said lay- 
ing out be recorded.' 

Services were held in the meeting house for the last time on 
Sunday, September 27, 1801, and the building was taken 
down during the next ten days. 

The selectmen were authorized, October twelfth, to employ 
a suitable person to dig a well in Market square and provide 
a pump for the accommodation of the public.-* 

All the buildings on the southerly and westerly sides of 
the square were destroyed by the great fire in 181 1, and 
some of them were not rebuilt until ten or fifteen years later. 
Meanwhile the erection of a market house for the accommo- 
dation of dealers in meat, poultry, butter and cheese was 
strongly urged. In the w^arrant for a town meeting to be held 
March 12, 1822, the following article was inserted : — 

To see if the Town will vote to remove the Shambles on the north side 
of Market Square and erect at the expense of the Town, or allow individ- 
uals to erect at their own expense, a suitable Market house on the spot 
above mentioned, provided the claim of certain proprietors of undivided 
lands in the Town of Newbury can be reasonably settled & to take all 
measures for carrying the same into effect. 5 

A committee, consisting of Edmund l^artlet, Henry Froth- 
ingham, Ebenezcr Mosely, Abraham Williams and Caleb 
Gushing, was appointed to consider the advisability of erect- 

' Essex Deeds, book 167, leaf 20. 

- The sketch on the opposite page is not an exact representation of the old 
meeting house. It is taken from a drawing recently made by Lewis J. Bridgman 
of Salem, Mass. 

^ Newbuiyport Town Records, vol. II., p. 230. 

^Newburyport Town Records, vol. II., p. 252. 

^ Newburyport Town Records, vol. III., p. 112. 



1 40 HIS TORY OF NE IV B UR YPOR T 

ing a market house on the site mentioned." April 1 1 , 1822, they 
reported as follows : — 

Your committee have attended to the subject committed to them and 
find tliat, in tlie year 1771, the spot on which the shambles now stand 
was laid down by the selectmen and adopted by the town as a town way 
or landing, for which reason they recommend that the selectmen cause 
the shambles and other incumbrances upon said landing to be removed 
within thirty days. 

They tind further that on the division of the water lots in the Town of 
Newbury, as completed in the year 1722, certain of the lots were left for 
the Town use, among which is the landing in question, and that the Pro- 
prietors of undivided lands in Newbury and Nevvburyport claim the fee 
of said landing", the use and occupation of which as a public wa}' has 
belonged to the Town of Newbury from the time of the division of the 
water lots above mentioned until the incoiporation of this Town & since 
then to the town of Newbur}'iJort. On application to the Proprietors 
Committee to see whether they would consent to relinquish their claim 
on the aforesaid landing, they refused to do it unless the Town would 
pay them one thousand dollars, for which sum they offered to give a 
quit claim deed, under certain conditions, of all the landings in Newbury- 
port and other lands on which they pretended to have a claim ; and there- 
fore although your com^e are not fully satisfied of the validity of said 
claims, yet as they think it would not be perfectly safe to place a build- 
ing on land so situated, which is besides a public way, they request to be 
discharged from the consideration of the subject of Erecting a Market 
House.- 

This report was accepted, and the town then voted " that 
the selectmen cause the shambles and other incumbrances on 
the town way or landing, by Market scjuare, to be removed 
within thirty days."^ On the fifth day of August following, the 
selectmen were authorized " to build a Market house of brick, 
one story high, on the site where the shambles lately stood. "•♦ 

[March 24, 1823] voted that the selectmen take such measures respect- 
ing finishing the Market house as they shall judge most for the interest 
of the town and determine what farther use shall be made of the same.? 

' Newburyport Town Records, vol. III., p. 115. 

'•^ Newburyport Town Records, vol. III., p. 119 ; " Ouid Newbury," p. 623. 

Newburyport Town Records, vol. III., p. 117. 

Newburyport Town Records, vol. III., p. 126. 

Newburyport Town Records, vol. III., p. 131. 



THE BEACON OAK 



i4i 



A committee, consisting of Stephen W. Marston, Caleb 
Gushing" and John Porter, recommended the adoption of the 
following" preamble and resolutions which were approved and 
allowed by the coui't of general sessions at the April term, 
1823:— 

Whereas the Square, called Market Scjuare in Ne\vl)uryp()rt has been 
laid out at much expense for the general use and convenience of the citi- 
zens and is fre(|uented by persons from the country for the purpose of 
exhibiting their produce for sale ; and whereas the space required for 
this and other i)urposes is liable to be occupied by fishermen, rum carts 
and itinerant butchers ; Therefore it is hereby voted and ordered 

1st Tiiat no person shall expose for sale on any part of Market scjuare 
any kind of spirits or other drink, by retail, under a penalty of two dollars 
for each and every offence. 

2nd That no butcher shall expose any meats for sale in any part of 
said square under a penalty of five dollars for each and every offence. 

3rd That no person shall expose any kind of fish for sale in any part 
of said square, or the immediate vicinity of the same, excepting at the 
fish house provided for that inupose, under a penalty of two dollars for 
each and every offence. 

The committee further recommend that it be voted and ordered that 
the Bye Law passed in 1 797 regulating the tolling of bells at funerals be 
repealed and that instead thereof the following law be substituted, viz : 
Voted and Ordered that the regulation of the tolling of bells at funerals 
be left to the Selectmen.' 

The plans for the market house, when finally agreed 
upon, provided for the erection of a two-story brick building. 
The upper story was used as a chair n"ianufactory for several 
years. In i<S34, the town "voted to finish the hall of the 
Market house, provided the interest in the Coiu't House, shall 
be sold to the satisfaction of the town."- 

TIIE BEACON 0.\K. 

When Newburyport was incorporated, in 1764, a large oak 
tree, standing" on the westerly side of High street, between 
Hartlett's lane, now Winter street, antl l^oardman's lane, now 
l^oardman street, was known as the " Beac<Mi (3ak." For 

' Newburyport Town Record.s, vol. III., p. 131. 
2 " Ould Newbury," pp. 624, 625. 



142 



HIS TORY OP NE WB UR YPOR T 



many years it was a prominent landmark and a guide for 
mariners coming into port. Firmly attached to its massive 
trunk was a long pole, or staff, surmounted by an empty cask. 
At the beginning of the nineteenth century a few persons 
interested in navigation took down the weather worn and 
decayed cask and replaced it with a new one made by Mr. 
Peters, a reliable and skillful cooper. At a later date, the 
model of a ship that turned with the wind and served as a 
weather vane was placed above this cask. December 8, 1820, 
the following notice was published in the Newburyport 
Herald : — 

To all wJiont it may concern : 

The Beacon on High Street with the ship on top, on land owned by 
the late Mrs. Wyer has become so dangerous by the decayed state of the 
rope that unless properly secured by those interested, it will, in a few 
days, be taken down. 

No definite action in regard to removing the beacon was 
taken until three years later. The following notice appeared 
in the Herald November 25, 1823 : — 

As the Beacon in High Street has become dangerous from its age, and 
as no person will own it, this is to give notice, if no objection is made to 
the subscriber, it will be removed. A. Gilman. 

The tree remained standing for several years after the bea- 
con was removed but it gradually lost its strength and vigor, 
and Sunday morning, July 21. 1833, it fell to the groimd with 
a heavy crash.' 

WORK HOUSE. 

When Newburyport was incorporated, in 1764, the work 
house, then standing on the southeast side of King (now Fed- 
eral) street, was conveyed by a committee, appointed by the 
town of Newbury, to the inhabitants of Newburyport.^ 

March 10, 1784, a committee, consisting of Stephen 
Hooper, William Bartlet and John Tracy, with the board of 

' Newburyport Herald, July 23, 1833. 
'■' History of Newbury (Currier), p. 244. 



WORK HOUSE 



143 



selectmen, was chosen to build a new work house " on land 
where the present work house stands unless they can procure 
a more suitable place ; "' and a few days later this committee 
was authorized to raise for the purpose named " a sum not 
exceeding one thousand pounds, provided it can be obtained 
without interest for one year." 

On the seventeenth day of August following, the building 
of a new work house was again brought to the attention of 
the legal voters of the town, and a committee was appointed 
to select a convenient location. This committee reported, 
March 16, 1785, in favor of erecting a building one hundred feet 
long, twenty-five feet wide, and two and one-half stories high 
at the westerly end of Frog pond. This report was not satis- 
factory to a majority of the legal voters of the town, and fur- 
ther consideration of the subject was indefinitely postponed.^ 

March 22, 1791, a committee, appointed for that purpose, 
having examined the old almshouse, reported that it was 
inexpedient to repair it and recommended the building of a 
new one in the same place. ^ Capt. William P. Johnson, 
Moses Brown, Nathaniel Knap, William Bartlet and Jonathan 
Marsh were authorized, March 12, 1793, to prepare plans and 
ascertain the cost of a suitable building. ■* 

[April I, 1793] Voted to build a new work house, not exceeding 
ninety-five feet in length, thirty-two feet in width and two stories high 
with a gable roof agreeably to a plan reported to the Town by their 
Committee at the present meeting, and that the Walls of the house be 
built of Brick next year, and that such part of the house be finished as 
may then be found necessary. s 

William Bartlet, Capt. William Coombs and Capt. William 
P. Johnson were appointed a committee to purchase materials 
and superintend the erection of the building. May 13, 1794, 
the selectmen were directed to draw on the town treasurer for 
the sum of one thotisand pounds " for building the new work 

' NewV)uryport Town Records, vol. I., p. 419. 
■■' Newburyport Town Records, vol. I., p. 429. 
■* Newburyport Town Records, vol. II., p. 29. 
"* Newburyport Town Records, vol. II., p. 66. 
* Newburyport Town Records, vol. II., p. 95. 



DISTILLERIES AND MALT HOUSES 



145 



house including the three hundred pounds ah'eady drawn,"' 
and on the eighteenth day of September following the build- 
ing committee, above named, was instructed to sell, at public 
auction, the whole or any part of the old work house with oth- 
er small buildings near it.- 

May 4, 1796, the selectmen were authorized to purchase, of 
Miss Sarah Roberts, a narrow strip of land adjoining the work- 
house lot "provided it may be had at a reasonable rate."^ 

The male inmates of the almshouse who were able to work 
were employed in cultivating land, making oakum, and sawing 
and splitting wood ; the women were employed in spinning 
wool, cotton and flax and in weaving yarn into cloth.-* 

In 182 I, the workhouse was enlarged by a three-story brick 
addition forty feet long and thirty-four feet wide.s It was 
occupied until the almshouse on North Atkinson street was 
completed in 1888, when it was sold and taken down. 

DISTILLERIES AND MALT HOUSES. 

As early as 1690, malt houses had been erected and were 
in active operation at the foot of Ord way's lane, now Market 
street, at the foot of Greenleaf's lane, now State street, and at 
the foot of Chandler's lane, now Federal street, Newburyport.^ 
At a later date, distilleries were established at convenient 
locations near Merrimack river, between Federal street and 
Broad street, for the manufacture of New England rum. 

At a meeting of the selectmen of Newburyport held March 
9, 1767, a lot of land owned by Ralph Cross, "adjoining to 
the Landing above the Lower Long Wharf," was laid out to 
Stephen Cross, son of Ralph Cross ; and Dudley Atkins and 
Michael Dal ton, justices of the peace, " granted the said 
Stephen Cross liberty to erect a distillery thereon."'' 

' Newburyport Town Records, vol. II., p. 95. 

^ Newburyport Town Records, vol. II., p. 97. 

^Newburyport Town Records, vol. II., p. 128. 

■* Newlmryport Town Records, vol. II., pp. 298, 449. 

* Newburyport Town Records, vol. III., pp. 104, 107. 

''History of Newbury (Currier), p. 262. 

' Newburyport Town Records, vol. I., p. 103. 

A river lot, near the lower Long wharf, " on which an old Dislill House now 
stands," was advertised for sale by Stephen and Ralph Cross in the Newburyport 
Herald Nov. 10, 1801. 



146 HIS TOR Y OF NE WB UR YPOR T 

In 1785, Robert Laird, a Scotchman, came to Newburyport, 
and, in company with James Ferguson, established himself in 
business as a brewer of ale, beer and porter. 

The following" advertisement was published in the Essex 
Journal and New Hampshire Packet November 30, 1785 : — 

BREWERY. 

James Ferguson and Robert Laird 
Hereby inform the Public, that they have set up a Brewery opposite 
to Somersby's Landing in Newbury-port where they brew the best Porter 
and Strong Beer which they determine to sell at the most reasonable rate. 
Having been regularly bred to the business in Europe they flatter them- 
selves that they shall give satisfaction to the public as they do not doubt 
but that their Liquor will equal that which comes from the best English 
Breweries.' 

Three years later, the firm of Ferguson & Laird was dis- 
solved, but the junior partner announced in the following 
advertisement his intention of carrying on the brewing busi- 
ness in the same place : — 

The Subscriber informs the Public that he has begun the Malting and 
Brewing business again opposite Somersby's Landing. 

Any gentlemen who wish to export any of his Porter may have it put 
up in the best manner, in good new barrels and warranted. 

Robert Laird. 

Cash given for Barley, or Malt in Exchange.^ 

\\\ 1789, land on Green street adjoining the brewery was 
purchased,'^ and, in 1793, additional land on the corner of 
Green and Cross (now Pleasant) streets was conveyed to 
Robert Laird, brewer.^ 

This property was advertised for sale at auction July 20, 
1 800 ; 5 but Robert Laird probably retained possession of it 
until he removed to Liberty street several years later. Owing 

' Essex Journal and New Hampshire Packet on file at the rooms of the Ameri- 
can Antiquarian Society, Worcester, Mass. 

2 Essex Journal and New Hampshire Packet, Nov. 19, 1788 (American 
Antiquarian Society, Worcester, Mass.). 

* Essex Deeds, book 149, leaf 269, and book 152, leaf 90. 

^ Essex Deeds, book 156, leaf 226, and book 159, leaf 88. 

"Newburyport Herald, July 20, iSpo, 



CANALS 



147 



to heavy losses he was obliged to make an assignment of his 
property April 16, 1833. 

In 1790, there were ten distilleries in the town engaged in 
the manufacture of New England rum.' 

In 1796, the distillery on Winter street, within one hundred 
feet of Merrimack street was advertised for sale by the admin- 
istrator of the estate of William Coffin, deceased. ' 

When the census was taken in 1820 the number of distil- 
leries had been reduced to four. They were located on Merri- 
mack street, — one near the foot of Warren street, another at 
the foot of Kent street, a third on the corner of Williams 
court and the fourth on the corner of Strong street. 

In 1826, the distill house formerly occupied by Col. Abra- 
ham Williams was in the possession of John Chickering. " It 
was the first one on the river road as you enter the town."^ 
At that date Joseph W'illiams owned the distillery at the foot 
of Warren street, and Robert B. Williams the one on the 
corner of Williams court. 

At the present time the distillery at the foot of Kent street, 
owned by Messrs. Alexander and George J. Caldwell, is the 
only one in operation within the limits of Newburyport. 

CANALS. 

Tn 1 791, a canal was cut through the marshes, between 
Salisbury beach and the main land, from Hampton, N. H., 
to Merrimack river, a distance of about eight miles. ^ 
Fifty years ago this canal was much used. When the weather 
was tempestuous and the waves were rolling high on the beach, 
boats passed safely and quickly through the canal from Hamp- 
ton to Newburyport and then, following the course of Plum 
Island river, reached Ipswich in season to secure a load of fish 
or clams and return home with the incoming tide. Now the 
canal is practically abandoned and almost entirely overgrown 

' History of Newburyport (Gushing), p. 84. 

^Impartial Herald, Jan. 29, 1796. 

^ Newburyport Herald, Aug. 8, 1826. 

■• Belknap's History of New Hampshire (1792), vol. HI., chap. V,, p. 72. 



148 HIS TOR V OF NE IVB UR YPOR T 

with tall reeds and thatch. It is spanned by two small bridges 
one for the accommodation of travellers over the (jld road from 
East Salisbury to the beach, and the other erected, in 1866, by 
the Salisbury Beach Plank Road Company.' 

In order to facilitate the transportation of passengers and 
merchandise, Dudley Atkins Tyng,- William Coombs, Joseph 
Tyler, Nicholas Johnson and Joshua Carter were incorporated 
by the General Court of Massachusetts, on the twenty- 
seventh day of June, 1792, by the name of " The Proprietors 
of the Locks aiid Canals on Merrimack River," and were 
authorized to buy and hold real estate and water privileges at 
or near " Patucket P'alls " for the purpose of rendering the 
river navigable " from the divisional line of New Hampshire 
and Massachusetts to the Tide Waters of said River. "^ 

In 1793, the Middlesex Canal Company was incorporated 
and authorized to build a canal from Hillsborough county in 
New Hampshire to Boston. Liberty was granted the com- 
pany, in 1798, to purchase the water privileges necessary to 
carry on the business of the corporation. 

Meanwhile the General Court had extended the time allowed 
for the construction of the canal " at Patucket Falls "•♦ and in 
the month of April, 1796, "The Proprietors of Locks and 
Canals on Merrimack River " levied an assessment of fi\e 
dollars per share to pay for the preliminary survey. At that 
date, the officers of the company, Jonathan Jackson, president, 
Joseph Cutler, treasurer, and Samuel Cutler, clerk, were citi- 
zens of Newburyport.5 

June 17, 1797, the General Court established the rates of 
toll for boats or rafts passing through the canal and increased 
the rate by a supplementary act March 3, 1804.'' 

' The Salisbury Beach Plank Road Company was incorporated in 1865. Early 
in the spring of 1S66 a long strip of marsh land on the westerly side of the beach 
was purchased, and in the month of June following the road was completed, being 
opened to the public July thirteenth. December 7, 1899, the property was con- 
veyed to Climena G. Gale of Amesbury and Edward P. Shaw of Newburyport. 
Essex Deeds, book 733, leaves 89-95, ^"^ book 1600, p. 234. 

^ " An Act to enable Dudley Atkins, Esquire, to take the surname of Tyng " 
was passed by the General Court January 16, 1790. 

•'Acts and Resolves of 1792, ch. 13. 

'' Actsof 1795-1796, ch. 27. 

* Impartial Herald, April 24, 1796. 

^ Acts of 1 796-1 797, ch. 6, and Acts of 1803-1804, ch. 102. 



I 



PIERS IN MERRIMACK RIVER 



149 



William Bartlet, Moses Brown, John Pettingell, Ebenezer 
Moselcy, William B. Bannister, Edward S. Rand and others 
were incorporated, June 19, 18 16, by the name of The 
Merrimack River Association and authorized to build addi- 
tional locks and canals arountl the falls in Merrimack river.' 

June 19, 1819, William Bartlet, Moses Brown and John 
Pettingell, " Proprietors of the Merrimack canal " were incor- 
porated for the purpose of building a canal at Munt's falls. - 

Two years later the stock of this corporation was transferred 
to Nathan Appleton, Patrick Trac)' Jackson, Kirk Boott, 
Warren Dutton, Paul Moody, John W. Boott and others of 
Boston. A dam was built across the Merrimack river at 
Pawtucket falls, the locks and canals were widened and deep- 
ened, mills were erected and the foundations for the present 
city of Lowell were laid. 

January 27, 1825, the old Locks and Canals company, incor- 
porated in 1792, was re-established and authorized to purchase 
the real estate and mill privileges of the Merrimack Manufac- 
turing company, and also additional land in the towns of 
Chelmsford, Dracut and Tewksbury.' 

June 15, 1820, the proprietors of the Essex canal were incor- 
porated and authorized to lay out and dig a canal from Fox 
creek, so called, in Ipswich, to a branch of the Essex river. ^ 
The canal was com[)leted in 1821. It was used by small 
boats and barges and, in connection with Plum Island river, 
furnished a safe inland route of communication between Essex 
and Newburyport.5 For many years oak timber, floated down 
Merrimack river, from Bradford and Haverhill, was taken 
through this canal and used in the construction of small ves- 
sels in the town of Essex. 

PIERS IN MERRIMACK RIVER. 

In 1 804, the piers near the Gangway rocks were in a dilapi- 
dated condition and the merchants of Newburyport decided to 

' Acts and Resolves of 1816, ch. 27. 
2 Acts and Resolves of 1819, ch. 51. 
^ Acts and Resolves of 1824-1825, ch. 47. 
•* Acts and Resolves of 1820, ch. 8. 
■'Felt's History of Ipswich, p. 54. 



I50 HISTORY OF NEWBURYP0R7 

erect two new ones, at their own expense, as soon as possible. 
On the eighth day of May, a meeting was held at the office of 
the Marine and Fire Insurance company to choose a commit- 
tee to purchase materials and employ workmen.' 

The piers were built during the following summer, and in 
January, 1806, Hon. Jeremiah Nelson of Newburyport, mem- 
ber of congress from the Fourth Essex district, presented a 
petition briefly reciting the facts above stated, and humbly 
praying that the cost of building the piers be assumed by the 
general government. The committee of commerce and 
manufactures, to whom the petition was referred, reported, 
March fourth, that the piers were not built under the direction 
of an agent or officer of the United States and the cost there- 
fore ought not to be assumed by the government. - 

The plan of Newburyport harbor on the opposite page, repro- 
duced from the sixteenth edition of the American Coast Pilot, 
published in 1809, gives the location of the piers near the 
" Hump Sands," built in 1774, to obstruct the mouth of the 
harbor, and the piers near the Gangway rocks, built in 1804, 
to mark the channel of the river. ^ 

A meeting of the merchants and others interested in com- 
mercial affairs in Newburyport was held in the summer of 
1808 to consider the propriety of petitioning congress to 
place piers and buoys in the river, or repair those already 
erected, but no definite action was taken until several years 
later. •♦ 

On the twenty-fourth day of May, 18 16, the inhabitants of 
Newburyport voted to petition the General Court to cede 
certain rocks and flats in Merrimack river to the United 
States government. A petition representing that the channel 
of the river was crooked and obstructed by sunken rocks, that 

' Advertisement in Newl)uryport Herald, May 8, 1804. 

- Newljuryport Herald, March 28, 1804. 

^The location of salt works on the Salisbury shore is marked on the map. Capt. 
James Hudson, for many years engaged in the manufacture of salt, erected works 
there in 1767, and June 18, 1777 the General Court granted him the sum of two 
hundred pounds to enal)le him to enlarge his works and increase the production 
of salt. Mass. Archives, vol. 137, p. 172; History of Newbury (Currier), p. 296. 

^Newburyport Herald, August 5, 1808. 













^""•-'■■■y: 













**i*^ 




152 



HI ST OR y OF NE IVB UR YPOK T 



the piers and beacons were out of repair and needed to be 
rebuilt, that the Federal government had consented to defray 
the cost of rebuilding, provided the site where the piers then 
stood was ceded to the United States, was prepared and 
presented to the representatives, in General Court assembled, 
humbly j^raying " that the land under the piers in said river, 
as they now stand may be ceded by this commonwealth to the 
United States for the purpose of erecting and keeping in repair 
suitable piers for the safety of the navigation of that river.' 

" An act to cede to the United States the jurisdiction of 
the Rocks and Mats under the Piers in Merrimack River " 
passed June 13, 18 16, expressly provides "that if the said 
United States shall neglect to keep the said Piers in good 
repair and in condition useful to navigation then this ces- 
sion shall be void."- 

THE GREAT FIRE. 

Friday, May 31, 181 1, the inhabitants of Newburyport were 
alarmed, at about half-past nine o'clock in the evening, by the 
cry of " P'ire ! " There had been very little rain for several 
weeks and a strong westerly wind was blowing. At first, 
clouds of smoke obscured the moon, then suddenly a \'ast 
column of flame shot mnvard into the air. Men and women 
hastened to assist the members of the several engine companies 
in their efforts to stop the conflagration, but the flames spread 
with great rapidity and soon destroyed a large amount <^f val- 
uable property. 

The fire began in an unoccupied stable on Inn street, then 
called Mechanic's row, and continued to rage until two o'clock 
in the niorning, burning nearly two hundred and fifty shops 
and dwelling houses, between State and V:x\r streets, and 
Middle street and Merrimack river. ^^ 

George Peabody, afterwards the eminent London Ixmker, was 
at that time a clerk in a dry-goods store on State street, kept 

' Newburyport Town Records, vol. II., j). 523. 
'^ Acts and Resolves, 1816, ch. I. 

•' See map and account of the " Great Fire " in " Ould Newbury," pp. 646- 
650. 



THE GREA7 FIRE 



153 



by his brother David Peabody and Capt. Samuel Swett, and 
was one of the first to discover the fire and give the alarm. 
Owing to the general stagnation in Inisiness that followed, he 
removed, May 4, 18 12, with his uncle Gen. John Peabody, to 
Georgetown, D. C.,and established himself in business there.' 

At a town meeting held on the third day of June a commit- 
tee was appointed to enquire into the origin of tlie fire, 
and arrangements were made to provide food and clothing for 
those whose property had been destroyed. The friendly as- 
sistance rendered b)- the inhabitants of Newbury, Salisbury, 
Amesbury, Rowle)-, Ipswicli, IVxerly, Haxeihill, To|)sficld, 
Bradford, Hampton, Portsmouth and (jther towns in Massa- 
chusetts and New Hampshire was gratefully acknowledged, 
especiall)' the service of the citizens of Salem, in protecting 
propert)' the night after the fire, when the inhal)itants of 
Newburyport were completely exhausted. - 

The value of the property destroyed was estimated at one mil- 
lion dollars. William Partlet gaA'C three thousand dollars; 
Moses Brown, fifteen hundred dollars, and others of less 
fortune contributed as their means . permitted to the fund 
raised for the relief of the sufferers. Liberal donations were 
made by neighboring cities and towns. Boston sent o\'er 
twenty-four thousand dollars; Salem, ten thousand dollars; 
Philadelj)hia, thirteen thousand dollars ; Charlestown, twenty- 
five hundred dollars ; Hingham, Waltham, Marlboro, Brigh- 
ton, Attleboro, Medford and other towns, smaller sums. The 
contributions from all sources amounted to nearly one hundred 
and thirty thousand dollars. ^ 

' The store, No. 3 Cornhill, neatly opposite the town house, on State street, 
occupied by David Peabody & Co., was not destroyed by the fire, but the store at 
the corner of State street and Market square, occupied by John Peabody, was 
totally consumed with a large stock of dry goods, boots, shoes, etc. David 
Peabody, born April 23, 1790, and George Peabody, born February 18, 1795, 
were sons of Thomas and Judith (Dodge) Peabody of Danvers. John Peabody, 
brother of Thomas Peabody, was born February 22, 1768. He married Anna 
Little of Newbury March 30, 1 791. 

■^ Newburyport Town Records, vol. II., pp. 409, 410. 

3 August 18, 1826, a barn and several dwelling houses, between Temple and 
Charter streets, were destroyed by fire. Stephen Merrill Clark, seventeen years of 
age, was tried and convicted, February 17, 1821, for setting fire to these buildings. 
He was sentenced Ijy Chief-Justice Parker, at the supreme court in .Salem, to be 
hung, and on the tenth day of May following he was executed at Winter island. 



^54 



HIS TORY OF NE WB UR YPOR T 



June 14, 181 1, the General Court passed " An Act to secure 
the town of Newburyport from damage by fire," and in a sup- 
plementary act, passed June 18, 18 12, provided that all dwell- 
ing houses or stores erected between Market and Federal 
streets and the northeasterly side of High street and Merri- 
mack river, should be built of brick or stone, and prohibited the 
erection of wooden buildings, more than twenty-five feet high, 
in any other part of the town.' 

The inhabitants of Newburyport voted December 29, 1828, 
to petition the General Court to repeal these acts, considering 
them detrimental to the growth and prosperity of the town,^ 
but the petition was not granted until January 30, 1832.3 

AMUSEMENTS. 

At the close of the eighteenth century the social life of 
Newburyport was gay and attractive. John Quincy Adams, 
a student at law, from 1787 t<i 1789, in the office of Theophi- 
lus Parsons, frequently mentions in his diary the brilliant 
gatherings and impromptu dancing parties he attended. ■♦ 

[October 15, i7i'^7] at about seven o'clock we [Samuel Putnam of 
Danvers, Moses Little of Newbury and John (2- Adams] met at the danc- 
ing hall, and from that time till between three and four in the morning 
we were continually dancing. I was unacquainted with almost all the 
company ; but 1 never saw a collection of Ladies where there was com- 
paratively so much beauty. Two or three gentlemen got rather over the 
bay; but upon the whole the proceedings were as regular and agreeable 
as might be expected.'' 

[December 27, 17^7] St. John's Day. An entertainment for the So- 
ciety of Free Masons. In consequence of Stacey's" exertions, we had 
this evening a good dance. There were only thirteen gentlemen and 
fifteen ladies. The diversion was general and the company spirited. 
Upon such occasions there is almost always somebody who makes pe- 
culiar amusement for the rest of the company. A Captain Casey was this 

' Acts and Resolves, 1811-1812, ch. 9. 
■■'Acts and Resolves, 1832, ch. 15. 
^ Newburyport Town Records, vol. IIL, p. 186. 

'' A portrait of John Quincy Adams, painted in London a few years after he left 
Newburyport, is reproduced in the half-tone print on the opposite page. 
^ Life in a New England Town, p. 46. 
*■ George Stacey, of Ipswich, student-at-iaw in Newburyport. 



AMUSEMENTS 



155 



evening as singular as any of the gentlemen. As a Mason he had the gener- 
osity of his heart at dinner, rather than the reflections of prudence, and as 
this, like most virtues, increased by being put in action, he had not laid 
any illiberal restraints upon himself in the evening. It increased exceed- 
ingly his activity, and after all the Company had done dancing he re- 
tained vigor to walk a minuet and to skip in reels. In all this there was 




JOHN QUINCY ADAMS. 

nothing but what was perfectly innocent ; yet so fond are the sons of men 
to remark their respective foibles, that the Captain was not totally exempt, 
ed from the smiles of the company. This was the most particular circum. 
stance that took place. In general I was much pleased. It was between 
four and five in the morning before we broke up.' 



' Life in a New England Town, p. 75. 



1 5 6 HIS TOR V OF NE VVB UR YPOR 7^ 

[January 22, 1788] Between four and five I received an invitation 
from Putnam and F. Bradljurv' to join them for a part\- at slei,i(hing. 
Though not particuhirly desirous to go I did not refuse ; and at about six 
o'clock we started. We went to Sawyer's tax'ern, al)out three miles off, 
and there danced till between twelve and one. The company was rather 
curiously sorted, but the party was agreeable. - 

Whist, commerce, c[uadrille, and other games with cards, 
although condemned by maiiy. were evidently considered 
worthy of a place in the social life of Newbtiryport. Mr. 
Adams frec(uentl\' mentions them in his diary and describes 
at some length an evening passed at the house of Hon. Tris- 
tram Dalton, February 26. 1788, when he sat down to a game 
of whist at seven and played tmtil a " formal, ceremonious, 
and consequently elegant " stipper was served at ten o'clock. 

At that date, accomplished young ladies played upon the 
harpsichord, an instrument resembling" the piano-forte of to- 
day, but only few understood the science of music and 
handled the keys skillftilly. Singing, however, with violin and 
flute accompaniment, was popular and evidentl)' the chief 
attraction at many evening entertainments ; and in summer, 
when the stars were bright, the quiet streets resounded with 
songs of youthful serenaders. Concerning this dixersion 
John Quincy Adams wrote as follow^s : — 

[May 21, 1788] 1 walked with Pickman-i in the evening to Sawyer\s4 
where we drank tea and made it almost ten o'clock before we got home. 
I then went up with my tlute to Stacey's lodgings, our general head- 
quarters. About a quarter before twelve, Stacey, Thompson, Putnam, 
with a couple ot young lads by the name of Greenough, and myself sallied 
forth upon a scheme of serenading. We paraded round the town till 
almost four in the morning.? 

At a later date, a club of amateur musicians was formed 
which afterwards develojjed into an orchestral union, and 

' Francis Bradbury, son of Hon. 'I'heopliilus Bradbury, of Newburyport. 

- Life in a New England Town, p. 87. 
Sawyer^s tavern wa.s on the Bradford road al or near Brown's springs and 
within the present limits of the town of West Newbury. 

3 Benjamin Pickman of Salem, student-at-law in the office of Theophikis Par- 
sons, Newburyport. 

■* Tavern on the Bradford road near Brown's springs. 

''Life in a New England Town, p. 137. 



AMUSEMENTS 157 

ultimately into a band of stringed instruments, with fife, drum, 
flutes, and clarinets, for street parades. A concert for the 
benefit of this organization was given in Phoenix hall, '' pro- 
ceeds to be used for the purchase of musical instruments for 
members of the association."' 

In 181 1, a company of equestrian riders came to Newbury- 
port and exhibited their feats of horsemanship in a temporary 
]mvilion, erected on a vacant lot of land between Harris and 
Pleasant streets. The following ad\'ertisement appeared in 
the Newburyport Herald, April 30, 181 1 : — 

XEWBUKVl'ORT CUxCUS. 

Mesfrs Cayetano & Co., managers of the Equestrian Company, respect- 
fully inform the Ladies and Gentlemen of Newburyport and its vicinity 
that they will have the honor to give a few Representations composed of 
feats of Horsemanship, A'aulting and Agility, and that they will do all in 
their power to give general satisfaction. The first Representation will 
take place tomorrow afternoon. May i, iSi i. This brilliant performance 
will commence with the Grand Military Manoeuvers by eight Riders. 

^^^^^ For particulars see Bills of the day. The doors will be opened 
at half past three o'clock. Performance to begin at half past four. Box 
tickets I dollar. Pit 50 cents. Children under ten years half price. 

This circus was a novelty in Newburyport, and was proba- 
blv the first one allowed to exhibit within the limits of the 
town. It remained for more than two weeks, giving per- 
formances Mondays, Wednesdays, and P^ridays ; the last one 
on the afternoon of May seventceth. 

XEWBURVPORT CUtCUS 
POSITIVELV THE LAST PERFORMAXCE. 

Mrs. Reardflii's Third Appearance. 

The Managers respectfully inform the public that This Afterxoox 
will be the last time they shall have the honor to give Representations of 
Feats of Horsemaxshu', Vaulting & Agilitv in this town. The 
performance will be executed by the whole Company who will do their 
utmost to give satisfaction and render the exhibition pleasing and bril- 
liant. It will consist of surprising Feats of Horsemaxship, Grouxd 
& LoFTV TUMBLiXG and exhibitions on the Slack Rope in which among 

' Newburyport Herald, July 3, 1818. 



158 



HIS TOR Y OF NE WB UR YPORT 



other things, Mr. Menial will perform the extraordinary feat of the 
Whirligig surrounded by Fire Works: For particulars see bills. Box 
tickets I Dollar. Pit .50 cents. Children under ten years half price. Tick- 
ets to be had at the Office of the circus in the afternoon of the perform- 
ance, or at Mr Stetson's Bar-Room at any time. 
[T^^ Entrance lo the Circus from Pleasant street.' 

Dramatic entertainments, by amateur actors, occasionally 
enlivened the long winter evenings and interested and amused 
the inhabitants of the town. November 26, 181 5, "The 
Thespian Club " presented scenes from the " Merchant of Ven- 
ice," in Phoenix hall, and in the month of February following, 
scenes from "Much Ado about Nothing" from "Henry the 
Fourth," and from the " Two Gentlemen of Verona," in the 
Academy building, on High street, opposite Fruit street. In 
December the same club gave several dramatic representations 
in Phoenix hall. " Doors open at half past five, curtain to rise 
at half past six."- 

Travelling magicians frequently invited their patrons to 
witness wonderful tricks of legerdemain and "The Emperor 
of Conjurors " assured the ladies and gentlemen of Nevvbury- 
port that they wotdd have an opportunity, " which may not 
occur again for centuries to come, of witnessing scenes before 
unknown on the terrestrial globe. "^ 

Capt. Abel Coffin of Newburyport, master of the ship 
Sachem, arrived in Boston, Sunday, August 16, 1829. from 
Tringana, Siam. He brought the Siamese twins with him, 
and subsequently exhibited them in Newburyport. 

CURIOS-1^ NATUR/K. 

Double Siamese Boys about 18 years old (lately arrived in ship Sach- 
chem Capt. A. Coffin) the most valuable and extraordinary natural curios- 
ity ever before presented the Public will be exhibited in Washington 
Hall, Green Street, on Monday & Tuesday next only. 

' Newburyport Herald, May 17, 181 1 ; Reminiscences of a Nonagenarian, p. 259. 

In December, 1S26, a wooden building, on Charter street, was fitted up and 
occupied for several weeks by a circus company. Stoves were used to heat the 
building and comfortable seats provided. The doors were open at six o'clock and 
the performance began at half past six P. M. Newburyport Herald, December 
26-29, 1826, and January 9-12, 1827. 

^Newburyport Herald, December 13 and 18, 1816. 

^Newburyport Herald, August 13, 1816. 



AMUSEMENTS 



159 



Hours assigned for exhibition each day from 9 to i o'clock A. M. from 
3 to 6 o'clock p. M. 

Price of admission 25 cents, children vmder 12 3'ears of age half price 
[For farther particulars see Bills].' 

The Siamese twins were subsequently exhibited in the 
principal cities of the United States and Europe. They came 
again to Newburyport in 183 1, and also in 1838. The fol- 
lowing advertisement appeared in the Newburyport Herald 
August 14, 1838 : — 

NOTICE. 

To all persons who made purchase at the Auction sales of the effects 
of the late Capt. Abel Cotifin which took place before and after the death 
of said Cofifin. 

When we were in Newburyport in the year 1S31 we left at the House of 
Capt. Abel Coffin a couple of trunks containing Sundry articles belong- 
ing to us, most of which were presents made to us in England and also 
in this country, and which we left to be taken care of for us till we 
should want them. At the time we became of age we wrote to recjuest 
that these things might be sent to us at New York, but notwithstanding 
numerous applications these things were withheld from us and we now 
learn, very much to our surprise, that they were all sold at the first and 
second auction sales of the effects of Capt. Coffin which took place, as 
we have understood, in the years 1 833 and 1 <S34. No notice was given us of 
any intention to sell our things, nor can we now ascertain who was the 
purchaser, nor what prices were procured for those things belonging to 
us. ■ Being very anxious to become re-possessed of even a few of those 
things presented to us, any person who may have made a purchase at 
either of the sales, of any thing bearing our names, or which there may 
be reason to think belonged to us, will oblige us very much by informing^ 
us of the article so purchased, provided they would be willing to let us. 
have it, and also the cost of it. Letters containing such particulars majr 
be addressed to the Siamese Twins, — P. O. Boston and after the middle 
of September to P. O. New York. 

Chang — Eng, Siamese Twins. 

Newuurvport, Aug. 14, 183S. 

' Newburj'port Herald, September 4, 1829. 



CHAPTER IV. 

1824-1854. 

When Newbury port was incorporated, in 1764, it had a 
population of about twenty-eight hundred. In 1777, the 
male inhabitants of the town, of sixteen years of age and 
upwards, numbered seven hundred and eighty-two.' There 
were three hundred and ninety-three houses, one hundred and 
twenty-four barns and one hundred and eighty-one stores in 
the town in 1781 .- 

December 15, 1790, the Essex Journal and New Hampshire 
Packet, commenting on the facts established by the first census 
of the United States, made the following statement : — 

In this town, according to the late enumeration, tlie whole number of 
inhabitants amounts to 4837. The Dwelling Houses are 616. Accord- 
ing to an enumeration taken in 1784 the number of inhabitants was 41 13 
and the Dwelling Houses 430. The whole town measures but 620 acres 
about 400 of which is taken up for pastures, streets, &c. Its greatest length 
is one mile and a half, and about half a mile in breadth. > 

Since that date, the population has slowly, but steadily, 
increased. The following table, compiled from the census 
reports, gives the changes that have taken place since the 
incorporation of Newburyport, in 1764.^ 

Province of Massachusetts Bav, 
United States, 



1 765 census. 


2,882 


1776 


3,681 


1790 


4,^37 


1800 " 


5,945 


1 8 10 


7,634 


1820 " 


6,852 


1830 " 


6,375 



'Newburyport (Selectmen's) Records, Aug. 21, 1777. 
*Mass. Archives, vol. 191, p. 351. 

^ Essex Journal and New Hampshire Packet (American Antiquarian Society, 
Worcester, Mass.). 

■•Census of the State of Massachusetts, 1895, vol. I., p. 156. 

(160) 



TOIVN CLOCKS 



i6i 



United States, 


1840 census, 


7,161 


" 


1850 


9.572 


State of Massachusetts, 


1855 " 


i3o57 


United States, 


] 860 


13.401 


State of Massachusetts, 


1865 


12,976 


United States, 


1870 " 


12,595 


State of Massachusetts, 


1875 " 


13.323 


United States, 


1 880 


13.53S 


State of Massachusetts, 


1885 


13,716 


United States, 


1890 " 


13,947 


State of Massachusetts, 


1895 " 


14.552 


United States, 


1900 " 


14.47S' 



The population of Newbury port in 1850, according' to the 
census taken in that year, was 9,572 ; and the number added 
by the annexation of a part of the town of Newbury, in 185 i, 
according' to a written statement on file at the state house, in 
Boston, was 2,842, making the total number 12,414, when the 
act establishing the cit)- of Newburyport was approved b)' the 
governor. May 24, 1851. One year later, the several wards, 
into which the city was divided, had a total population of 
12,866, as follows : — - 



Ward one 
" two 
" three 
" four 
" five 
" six 



2.153 
2,173 

2.137 
1 ,946 

2,234 
2,223 

12,866 



roWX CLOCKS. 

As earl)' as 1735, a clock was purchased for the Third 
Parish meeting house, in Newbury, then standing near the cen- 
tre of a triangular lot of land now known as Market square, 
Newbur)'port. 

[March 10, 1734-5] Voated that Capt WilHam Johnson and doct 
Nathan Hale should see to git a clocke forsd Parish. 3 

'The state census for 1905 will be found in the appendix at the end of this 
volume. 

-Newburyport Herald, May 14, 1852. 
■' " Ould Newbury," p. 433. 



1 6 2 ^IIS TOR Y OF NE WB UR YPOR T 

Benjamin P^ranklin examined the tower, or steeple, of the 
meeting house after it had been struck by lightning, in 1754, 
and carefully noted the position of the bell and the clock, in a 
■letter read before the Royal Society of London in 1755.' 

September 14, 1773, the inhabitants of Newburyport "voted 
not to paint and Guild the Dials of the Town Clock," and 
February 7, 1781, the selectmen paid Daniel Balch, two hun- 
dred and sixteen pounds " for taking care of and mending the 
Town clock to January i, 1781."- The price of labor and 
materials was charged in this bill in the depreciated currency 
of that day. In 1783, the selectmen paid the same person four 
pounds and sixteen shillings for taking care of the clock for 
two years.- 

In 1785, probably, a clock was ])laced in the tower of the 
Presbyterian meeting house on Federal street. It had hex- 
agonal dials, with a long arrow to mark the hours, but no 
minute hand. In 1895, ^^"i^^ clock was replaced by a new one 
made by the Howard Clock company of Boston. ^ 

September 28, 1785, the Essex Journal and New Hampshire 
Packet published the following notice : — 

Last week was placed in the steeple of the North Church, in this town, 
a clock (made by Simon Willard of Roxbury, Inventor of Patent Jacks) 
which for the goodness and beauty of the workmanship, and as a Time 
Keeper is not exceeded by any which have been imported from Europe, 
notwithstanding its being made at a lower price. -t 

At a town meeting held March 28, 1832, the question of 
removing this clock from the meeting house on Titcomb street 
to a more conx-enient location at the north end of the town, 
*' agreeable to the petition of J. W. Pierce and others," was 
referred to a committee, consisting of Ebenezer Moseley, Caleb 
Cushing and Thomas Perkins.-'^ This committee reported on 
the eleventh day of April following that the clock was pur- 

' " Ould Newbury," p. 437. 

'^ Newburyport (Selectmen's) Records, Book E, p. 47. 

■' See Chapter VI. First Presbyterian Society in Newburyport. 

" American Antiquarian Society, Worcester, Mass. 

■^ Newburyport Town Records, vol. III., p. 231. 



TOWN CLOCKS 163 

chased by subscription and placed in the tower of the meeting 
house with the consent of the proprietors. Whether it was 
the property of the town, or of the society owning' the meeting 
house, the committee were unable to determine, and therefore 
did not consider it prudent to recommend its removal." 

In 1788, an effort was made to secure the appointment of a 
suitable person " to take care of the clocks in three meeting 
houses at the expense of the town," but the petitioners were 
granted " leave to withdraw".- March 19, 1806, however, the 
subject was again brought to the attention of the inhabitants 
of the town and they voted to keep the clocks in repair and 
instructed the selectmen to employ a man for that purpose. ^ 
A competent clock maker was undoubtedly engaged to super- 
intend the work, but his name and term of service are unknown. 
At a later date, the selectmen appointed Charles H. Balch to 
take care, of three town clocks and keep them in repair for the 
year " beginning April i, 18 1/."-' 

Nathaniel Foster had charge of the clocks from April i, 
18 1 8, until 1828, and perhaps later. Under the supervision 
of the selectmen they were kept in running order until the 
incorporation of the city of Newburyport. 

April 24, 1837, the town voted to purchase a clock " agree- 
ably to the petition of George T. Granger and thirty-nine 
others," and the selectmen were instructed to provide a con- 
venient place for it on the westerly side of Market square. 5 
Ten or twelve years later the clock was removed from the 
niche it occupied, in the outer wall of a brick building near the 
foot of Inn street to a more conspicuous position on the mar- 
ket house. In February, 1896, it was replaced by a new one 
with an illuminated dial, the gift of John T. Brown, Esq. 

The clock on St. Paul's church was purchased with funds 
received from the executors of the will of the late John O. A. 
Williams of Boston, in 1890, and the clock on the meeting 
house on High street, between Woodland and Chapel streets, 

^ Newburyport Town Records, vol.' III., p. 238. 
-Newburyport Town Records, vol. I., p. 510. 
^ Newburyport Town Records, vol. II., p. 335. 
" Newburyport (Selectmen's) Records. 
* Newburyport Town Records, vol. III., p. 360. 



1 64 HISTORY OF NEIVBURYPOKT 

was placed there in 1895, in memory of Capt. Joshua Hale, for 
many years a worthy member and deacon of the Belleville 
Congregational church. 

These clocks are now under the care and control of the city 
council of Newburyport. 

CLOCK MAKERS. 

In October, 1 707, James Batterson, " lately arrived from 
London," opened a store in Boston for the sale of watches 
and clocks. In 1712 Benjamin Bagnall made and sold in Bos- 
ton tall eight-day clocks with hard-wood cases.' 

Samuel Mulliken, born in Bradford, Mass., in 1720, removed 
to Newbury in 1750. He bought a lot of land on Prospect 
street, and, three years later, an adjoining lot on the corner of 
that street and Fish (now State) street.- On this land he built 
a dwelling house and shop where he made and repaired hall 
clocks until his death, in 1756. 

Daniel Balch, born in Bradford March 14, 1734-5, was the 
son of Rev. William and Rebecca (Stone) Balch. He married 
Hannah Clement August 19, 1756, and bought, January 25, 
I757> ^ I'^t of land in Newbury, with a dwelling house and 
other buildings thereon, bounded northwesterly by Fish 
street, northeasterly by land of William Moulton and Moses 
Little, southeasterly by land lately owned by Samuel Mulliken, 
southwesterly by Prospect street, northwesterly by land of the 
late Samuel Mulliken, and southwesterly by land of the said 
Mulliken to Fish street.^ He was a clock maker by trade, and 
owned and occupied the above described land, with the dwell- 
ing house thereon, for more than thirty years. When New- 
buryport was incorporated, in 1764, this property was includ- 
ed within the limits of the new town. 

An eight-day clock, made by Mr. Balch, is now in the pos- 
session of Mrs. Stephen P. Bray, in Newburyport. A photo- 
graph of this clock is reproduced in the half-tone print on the 
opposite page. 

' Colonial Furniture of New England (Irving Whitall Lyon, 1S91). 
2 Essex Deeds, book 98, pp. 180, 181. 
■' Essex Deeds, book 106, leaf 2. 








CLOCK IN THE POSSESSION OF 

MRS. STEPHEN P. BRAY, 

NEWBURYPORT. 



CLOCK IN THE POSSESSION OF 

MRS. DAVID A. ANDREWS, 

NEWBURYPORT. 



1 6 6 ^^^ TOR V OF NE WB UR YPOR T 

Miss Helen Leighton of Manchester, Illinois, is the owner 
of a fine specimen of Mr. Balch's handiwork. It was pur- 
chased by Mr. J. W. Clement, in Newburyport in 1865 or 1870, 
and taken to Illinois. It has a chime of twelve bells and is 
still in good running order. When the minute hand reaches 
twelve on the dial the clock strikes the hour as usual ; when 
the minute hand arrives at the half-hour the bells play, auto- 
matically, an (jld fashioned minuet or psalm tune. 

Jonathan MuUiken, born in 1 746, son of Samuel and Susannah 
Mulliken, bought, in 1774, a lot of land in Newburyport with 
the buildings thereon, " bounded southeasterly by Fish [now 
State] street," where he manufactured and sold watches and 
clocks.' The following advertisement was published in the 
Essex Journal and Merrimack Packet, May 25, 1774 : — " 

Jonathan Mulliken Informs his customers and others that he still contin- 
ues to carry on the Clock and Watch making business in all its branches 
at his shop near the Town House in Newburyport where may be had the 
best of chimes, or musical clocks, playing seven different Tunes upon 
twelve bells. Eight dav or common one dav clocks equal to any import- 
ed from Great Britain. 

Jonathan Mulliken was not only a skillful clock maker, but 
an ingenious artisan of recognized ability. The " Boston 
Massacre," engraved by Paul Revere, was reproduced by Mul- 
liken in a plate of nearly the same size. The two engravings 
are practically, but not identically the same.^ Mr. Mulliken 
died in Newburyport June 19, 1782. 

Samuel Mulliken, Jr., probably son of John and Susanna 
(Huse) Mulliken, born in Haverhill September 22, 1761, 
served apprenticeship with Jonathan Mulliken, clock maker, in 
Newburyport, and subsequently opened a shop on State street 
where he sold clocks.^ He married, Aug. 20, 1783, Susan- 
nali, Vv'idow of Jonathan Mulliken. Several years later he 

' Essex Deeds, book 123, leaf 232, and book 134, leaf 148. 

American Anticjuarian Society, Worcester, Mass. 
•' See Chapter near the close of this volume, entitled "Celebrations of the Bos- 
ton Massacre and the Fourth of July." 

'' Essex Journal and New Hampshire Packet, June i, 1785. 



CLOCK MAKERS 167 

removed to Salem and then to Lynn. He was postmaster of 
Lynn from 1803 to 1807. 

The clocks made in Newburyport by Samuel Mulliken 
were equal in style and workmanship to any produced by his 
predecessors in business. One of them now in the posses- 
sion of Mr. Herbert A. Wilkins of Salem, Mass., is shown in 
the half-tone print on page 168. 

Daniel Balch, born March i, 1761, and Thomas Hutchinson 
Balch, born July 7, 1771, sons of Daniel and Hannah (Clem- 
•ent) Balch, were clock-makers in Newburyport for many years. 
They had shops in the vicinity of Market square as early as 
1796, and probably earlier.' Miss Sarah E. Stickney, resid- 
ing at No. 3 Spring street, has in her possession a tall eight- 
day clock, made by Thomas H. Balch, who died previous to 
August 18, 18 1 8. A photograph of this clock is reproduced 
in the half-tone print on page 168. 

David, son of John and Eunice Wood, was born in Newbury- 
port July 5, 1766. He was a clock maker, and had a shop as 
early as 1792 in what is now known as Market square, "near 
Rev. Mr. Andrews' meeting house."- He married, Janu- 
ary 22, 1795, Elizabeth Bird, adopted daughter of Tristram 
Coffin. In 1796, he bought a lot of land on State street, 
between Charter and Temple streets, with a dwelling house 
thereon.^ In 1824, he advertised "new and second-hand 
clocks for sale " at the shop, to which he had recently removed, 
on the westerly side of Market square, " opposite the Market 
house." 

Many clocks made by David Wood are still in good running 
order. One of them, now in the possession of Mrs. David A. 
Andrews, No. 96 High street, has the name of the maker 
inscribed upon it, as shown in the half-tone print on page 165. 

In 1803, Paine Wingate made and repaired clocks and 
watches at his shop on Merrimack street, and also bought and 
sold "silver, gold and old brass. "■♦ 

'See advertisement in Impartial Herald, March 4, 1796. 

- Essex Journal and New Hampshire Packet, June 13, 1792 (Newburyport 
Public Library). 

^ Essex Deeds, book 160, leaf 138. 

" Advertisement in Newburyport Herald, Dec. 6 and 15, 1S03. 





•mxfMv>^scxa>^»maam ^r < immM m0 




CLOCK IN POSSESSION OP' 

HERBERT A. VVILKINS, 

SALEM, MASS. 



CLOCK IN POSSESSION OF 

MISS SARAH E. STICKNEY, 

NEWBURYPORT, MASS. 



GOLDSMITHS AND SILVERSMITHS 169 

Charles Hodge Balch, born in Newburyport October 29, 
1787 was a clock and watch maker. He occupied, in 1808, a 
shop on Merrimack street, previously occupied by Nehemiah 
Planders.' In 1817, he was appointed superintendent of the 
town clocks. 

In 1 8 18, Nathaniel Foster opened a store at No. 2 Phcenix 
l)uilding on State street, where he carried on " the clock and 
watch making business in all its branches."'- Three or four 
years later, in company with his brother Thomas, under the 
Him-name of N. & T. Foster, he commenced the manufacture 
of gold beads, silver ware and jewelry. 

GOLDSMITHS AND SILXERSMITHS. 

As early as 1690, William Moulton was established in busi- 
ness as a silversmith in that part of Newbury now included 
within the limits of Newburyport. 

Joseph Moulton, goldsmith, son of William Moulton, had a 
shop and dwelling house on Fish (now State) street as early as 

William Little a manufacturer of and dealer in silver ware, 
published the following notice in 1775 : — 

Taken, supposed to be stolen, two large silver spoons, the owners 
name scratched out; the maker's name on one, E. Davis ; on the other J. 
?vIoulton ; they were offered for sale by a man who calls himself William 
Stewart ; the owner by applying to william rrrxLE, Goldsmith, and prov- 
ing them to be his property may have them again, paying the charges. 1 

William Moulton, born July 12, 1720, son of Joseph Moul- 
t )n, was a goldsmith in Newburyport during the Revolution- 
ary war. He removed to Marietta, Ohio, in 1788. 

Joseph Moulton, born in 1 744, son of the last-named William 
Moulton, manufactured gold beads and silver ware in a shop 
on the southeasterly side of State street, between Charter 
and Temple streets. 

' Advertisement in Newburyport Herald, Nov. 15, 1808. 
-Advertisement in Newburyport Herald, April 10, 1818. 
■' Essex Deeds, book 126, leaf 280, and book 127, leaf 206. 
■" Essex Journal and New Hampshire Packet, Aug. 25, 1775 (Newburyport Public 
Library). 



1 7 o HIS TOR Y OF NE IVB UR YPOR T 

In 1786, table spoons made by Joseph Moulton, and other 
articles of value described in the following advertisement were 
stolen from the summer residence of Tristram Dalton at Pipe 
Stave hill. 

FIFTY DOLLARS REWARD. 

The Subscriber's Dwelling House in Newbury was broken open this, 
morning and a considerable sum of money stolen, with about 40 pieces 
of remarkable copper coin, some of very ancient date and characters. 

Some Silver Table Spoons marked p with the maker's name, J. Moul- 
ton stamped on the handle, and a pair of square silver shoe buckles opea 
work, with two rows of small holes. 

Tristram Dalton.' 

A'c7Lihii>ypo)i. June //, lySd. 

In 1796, Jonathan Stickney, silversmith and jeweller, had a 
shop on Water street.- In 1798, he removed to Middle 
street, where he made silver ware " in the newest fashion," 
and repaired old plate.-'' Moulton & Bradbury manufactured 
and sold plated buckles, at wholesale and retail, " at their shop 
in Merrimack street near Somerby's landing " in 1796.' 

In 1807, William Moulton, goldsmith and jeweller, carried 
on the manufacture of tea spoons, porringers, table spoons and 
thimbles at his shop on Merrimack street, between Market 
square and Unicorn street. 

May II, 1 813, the following advertisement appeared in the 
Newburyport Herald and Country Gazette : — 

Francis Titcomb silver plate worker, informs his friends and the public 
that he has taken a shop in Merrimack street, head of Capt. Paul Tit- 
comb's wharf, where he manufactures Silver Cans, Pitchers, Tumblers, 
Soup Ladles and every article in the Silver Plate line. Table and Tea 
Spoons made at short notice. 

In 181 5, Theophilus Bradbury and son were manufacturers 
of soup, sauce and cream ladles, table and tea spoons, sugar 
basins, tea pots, cream pots and pitchers. ■♦ Abel Moulton was 

' Essex Journal and New Hampshire Packet, June 25, 1 7S6 (American Anti- 
quarian Society, Woicester, Mass.). 
- Impartial Herald, February 23, 1796. 

•'Newburyport Herald and Country Gazette, August 31, 1798. 
" Advertisement in Newburyport Herald, April 4, ii<i5. 



GOLDSMITHS AND SILVERSMITHS 



171 



also a manufacturer of silver ware in Newburyport at that 
date. He announced, in the Newburyport Herald, August 
18, 1818, that he had removed into the shop with Mr. David 
Wood, "formerly occupied by the late M'' Thomas H. Balch, 
where he continues to manufacture spoons and extra fine gold 
beads. A liberal discount made to whole sale purchasers." In 
1824, in company with John W. Davis, under the firm-name 
of Moulton and Davis, he manufactured and sold, wholesale 
and retail, extra fine gold beads and silver tea spoons." 

In 1823, Nathaniel Foster and Thomas Foster, under the 
firm name of N. & T. Foster, manufactured and sold watches, 
jewelry and silver ware at No. 21, and afterwards at No. 12 
State street.^ 

In 1845, Joseph Moulton, born February 17, 18 14, fifth in 
descent from William Moulton who was living in Newbury in 
1690, had a shop on Merrimack street, near Market square, 
where he made and sold gold beads and silver ware. He sub- 
sequently removed to the brick building on the southeasterly 
corner of State and Essex streets. His son William Moulton, 
in company with John E. Lunt, under the firm-name of Moul- 
ton & Lunt, still follows the occupation of jeweler and dealer 
in silver ware, at No. 45 State street, nearly opposite Essex 
street. 

In 1849, Jol"'!"' ^- Fearson & Co. manufactured silver spoons, 
forks and butter knives at No. 145 Water street, "just below 
the James mill." In 185 1, they removed to No. 23 State 
street.^ 

In 1857, James B. Fairbanks and Andrew M. Paul under 
the firm-name of Fairbanks & Paul, commenced the manufac- 
ture of gold thimbles, rings, lockets and chains in Prince place ;■* 
and Alfred Osgood made and repaired jewelry at No. 5 Rob- 
erts street, and afterwards at No. 59 State street. 

Anthony F. Towle and William P. Jones, under the firm- 
name of Towle & Jones, began the manufacture of silver ware 

'Newburyport Herald, July 9, 1824. 

^Newburyport Herald, June 27, 1S23, and July 20, 1824. 
•^Newburyport Herald, November 27, 1849, ^"^ August 19, 1851. 
■* Newburyport Herald, September 9, 1857. 



FISHIXG INDUSTRY 



173 



in 1857 in a building" in the rear of No. 8 Merrimack street. 

In 1867, they removed to No. 1 1 Middle street, and in 1870 
Edward B. Towle was admitted to the firm and the name 
changed to Towle, Jones & Co. In 1873, the firm w^as dis- 
solved. William P. Jones continued to manufacture silver 
w^are at the old stand on Middle street, and afterwards on 
State street. 

Anthony F. Towle and Edward B. Towle, under the firm- 
name of A. F. Towle & Son, leased a building on Pleasant 
street, which they occupied until the Towle Manufacturing 
Company, organized in 1880, A. F. Towle, president, and E. 
B. Towle, treasurer, began to manufacture silver ware on a 
large scale in a brick building" on Merrimack street near the 
foot of Carter street. In 1883, the brick factory at the foot 
of Broad street, erected in 1866 by the Merrimack Arms and 
Manufacturing Company was purchased and has since been 
occupied by the Towle Manufacturing Company. The capi- 
tal stock of the last named company has been several times 
increased. It is now three hundred and seventy-twa) thousand 
dollars divided into thirty-seven hundred and twenty shares, 
having a par value of one hundred dollars each. Lucien D. 
Cole is president, and William H. Swasey, treasurer. 

In 1882, the A. Y . Towle & Son Company, Anthony Y . 
Towle, president, and Edward B. Towle, treasurer, was organ- 
ized for the purpose of manufacturing solid and plated silver 
ware. A building w^as erected on Merrimack street, at the 
foot of Oakland street, and occupied until 1890, when the 
machinery, and other personal property of the company, was 
removed to Greenfield, Mass. 

FISHING INDUSTRV. 

The catching and curing of cod fish and mackerel was for 
many years a profitable industry in Newbur)'port. The num- 
ber of men and \'essels emploxed was never very large but 
the business w^as prosecuted with vigor and paid a fair rate of 
interest on the capital invested. 

In the spring of 181 7, an association was formed for the 



174 



HIS TOR Y OF NE WB UR YPOR T 



purpose of building and equipping vessels, of suitable size and 
shape, to fish on the banks of Newfoundland. The net profits 
of the new enterprise, for the first year, were estimated at 
about twelve per cent.' Subsequently, the company was less 
fortunate and, after experiencing several heavy losses, finally 
decided to abandon the business.^ At that date, salmon, blue 
fish and shad were abundant in the Merrimack river during the 
early spring and summer months. In 1847, forty-two hun- 
dred shad were taken in one seine, at one haul, at the mouth of 
the river. ^ 

In 1850, the law providing for the payment of a bounty to 
the owners of vessels engaged in cod fishing was frequently 
made to add to the profits of the mackerel fishermen. A 
communication, published in the Newburyport Herald, on the 
twenty-sixth day of November of that year, created consid- 
erable excitement which culminated in a riotous attack on 
Thomas Cutler, said to be a native of New Brunswick, residing 
temporarily in Newburyport. The writer of the communication 
urged the collector of customs'to execute the law fearlessly and 
justly, and closed with the following statement of facts : — 

There are a number of fishermen who annviallv sail from this port, 
some of whom enter their vessels vnider cod-fish papers for the sake of 
the bounty and at the same time prosecute the mackei^el fishery on our 
coast as well as Bay Chaleur. 

On the evening of that day a large crowd gathered in the 
vicinity of Fair street and, proceeding to the residence of Mr. 
Cutler, entered and forcibly dragged him into the street. He 
was bound hand and foot, placed in a cart and drawn by 
men and boys to the southern boundary of the town, where he 
was pelted with stones and decayed fruit, and then allowed to 
find his way home as best he could. 

At a meeting of the citzens of Newburyport, held in Market 
hall the next morning, at eleven o'clock, the selectmen were in- 
structed " to prosecute all persons connected with the riotous 

' Newburyport Herald, Feb. 13, 1818. 

^Advertisement in Newburyport Herald, Feb. 23, 1821. 

^Newburyport Herald, June 18, 1847. 



\ 



WHALE FISHIXG 



175 



proceedings of last evening," and a committee, consisting of 
John Porter, Eben F. Stone, Philip K. Hills, Charles Peabody, 
Moses Hale, John Kalch, John M. Cooper, David J. Merrill, 
Jacob Horton and Joseph Akerman, was chosen to confer 
with and assist the selectmen in maintaining law and order in 
the town. Several arrests were made, but owing to conflict- 
ing evidence no convictions followed. 

In 185 1, there were ninety vessels, measuring six thousand 
and twelve tons and carrying nine hundred and eighty-five 
men, engaged in fishing on the banks of Newfoundland, on the 
coast of Labrador, owned, wholly or in part, in Newburyport. 
On the fifth day of October, eighteen of these vessels were 
lost, in a terrific gale, at Prince Edward's Island. 

WHALE FISHING. 

In 1832, a company was organized for the purpose of build- 
ing and fitting out vessels to be employed in whale fishing on 
the Pacific coast. Micajah Lunt, Jr., and Henry Titcomb, Jr., 
stockholders in the company, were appointed agents. The 
first vessel built under their supervision was the ship Merri- 
mack, Capt. J. H. Pease, master. She sailed from Newbury- 
port in September, 1833.' The ship Navy, Captain PYancis 
Neil, and the ship Adeline, Captain Buckley, sailed in the 
month of November following. The next year, the ship 
Newburyport, built by John Currier, Jr., was fitted out by the 
company and joined the whaling fleet on the Pacific coast.' 

The business was carried on successfully for several years. 
The ship Merrimack, Captain Pease, arrived in Newburyport 
April 22, 1837, from her second voyage with thirteen hundred 
barrels of sperm, and sixteen hundred barrels of whale oil.^ 
The profits, however, arising from the sale of her cargo were 
unsatisfactory and subsequent voyages proving unremunera- 
tive the company decided to sell its ships and abandon the 
enterprise. 

'Newburyport Herald, September 20, 1833. 
-Newburyport Herald, July 8, 1834. 
^Newburyport Herald, April 25, 1837. 



176 



IIISI OR\ OF NEW BL'RVPORT 



IMPORTATION OF SUGAR AND MOLASSES. 

The importation of sugar and molasses from Porto Rico 
and other islands in the West Indies was carried on quite ex- 
tensively by the merchants of Newburyport previous to the 
war of 1812. William Bartlet and Moses Brown had large 
warehouses on the wharves at the ft)ot of Federal street, and 
at the foot of Green street, where they stored cargoes arriving 




IlAYl.KV .s W llAKF 



at the dull season of the year when they C(xild not be disposed 
of at a fair profit. 

At a later date, Capt. Robert Ba)le}-, born in 1778, and his 
son Robert Bayley, Jr., born in 1 80S, were large imi)orters of 
molasses and other merchandise from Porto Rico. Under 
the firm-name of Robert Bayley & Son they paid duties at 
the custom house in Newburyport, \arying from fifty thousand 



CHAISE MAKIXG 



177 



to one hundred thousand dollars annually, for nearly fifty 
years. In 1852, they purchased of Anthony Davenport the 
wharf property near the foot of Fair street, with the buildings 
thereon." 

The half-tone print on the opposite page gives a view of the 
wharf as it appeared just after the arrival of a cargo of several 
hundred hogsheads of molasses. 

The business of the firm was continued, after the death of 
the senior partner, by his sons, Robert Bayley, Jr., and Charles 
M. Bayley, until January i, 1879, when owing to financial 
embarrassment the firm was dissolved. 

S.ML MAKIXCi. 

April 23, 1773, 
Ambrose Davis 
leased, for six 
pounds, to be jxiid 
annually, a brick 
building on the 
wharf at the foot of 
Fish (now State) 
street, where he 
carried on the 
business of sail 

making. This building was owned by Benjamin Wood- 
bridge at that date, and afterwards by his son Joseph Wood- 
bridge.^ It was partially, but not entirely, destroyed by the 
great fire in 181 1. When repaired it was again used as a 
sail-loft and is still used for that purpose by Benjamin G. 
Davis, a lineal descendant of Ambrose Davis. 

In the above half-tone print a photographic view of the 
old sail-loft and the way to March's ferry is reproduced. 




OLD SAIL- LOFT. 



CH.MSE M.\KIX(i 



Moses Brown was a chaise maker in Newburyport as early 
as 1766. In December, 1767, he purchased a lot of land on 



1 Essex Deed.«, book 460, leaf 267. 
'^ " Ould Newbury," p. 153, 



178 



HIS TOR V OF NE IV B UR YPOR T 



Fish (now State) street, with a dwelling house and other build- 
ings thereon.' He probably continued to work at his trade, as 
a carriage builder, for twenty or twenty-five years, until he 
purchased the wharf property at the foot of Green street in 
1792, and commenced the importati(Mi of molasses and the 
distillation of New England rum. 

In 1796, Aaron Fitz had for sale, '* two doors below Blunt 
& March's store on State street," a tub-bottom chaise with 
standing-top, also one full-sweep standing-top chaise. "Any 
person wishing to contract for a chaise may ha\'e one of any 
construction, on the shortest notice, on \-ery reasonable 
terms. "^ 

In 18 18, the Eastern Stage company manufactured in 
Hale's C(xirt heavy coaches and light one-horse carriages for 

its own use and for 

the accommodation 

of travellers ; and 

Robert Dodge, 

Samuel Rogers, 

and William Wig- 

giesworth carried 

on the business of 

chaise making in 

Belleville parish, 

now a part of New- 

bur)port. 

Although it is claimed that "a chaise breaks down, but 

never wears out " only a few of the older styles are now in e.\- 

istence. One of comparatively modern make is shown in the 

above half-tone print. 




HORSE AND CHAISE. 



COMB MAKIXC;. 



In 1759, Enoch Noyes manufactured horn buttons, and 
combs in the town of Newbury. "In 1778 he employed 
William Cleland, a deserter from Burgoyne's army, a comb- 

^ Essex Deeds, book 120, leaf 14S, and book 117, leaf 247. 
'•^Impartial Herald, March 29, 1796. 



COMB MAKING 



179 



maker by profession, and a skillful workman. This was the 
commencement of the comb-making business in Newbury, and 
various other places."' 

In 1 8 19, there were several comb manufacturers in that 
part of the town which was set off and incorporated by the 
name of West Newbury. In 1830, Enoch S. Williams had a 
small shop in Newburyport where he made horn combs. "" In 
1 83 1, there were three shops in Newburyport, and twenty in 
West Newbury.' 

In 1853, a brick building- on Fair street, Newburyport, 
owned by L. P. Ingraham, and occupied as a machine shop, 
was sold to Lucien A. Emery, Handel Brown, and John Carr 
of West Newbury. The building was remodeled and repaired, 
and the new owners^ under the firm-name of L. A. Emery & 
Co., began the manufacture of combs on a large scale. Sub- 
sequently, the name of the firm was changed to Carr, Brown 
& Co. The building was occupied for a comb factory until 
1898.4 

William Noyes, Jr., with his son, William Herbert Noyes, 
began the manufacture of combs in Prince place in 1871. 
Robert Vine was subsequently admitted to the partnership. 
In 1873, the firm of Noyes & Vine was dissolved, and William 
Herbert Noyes leased a shop on Water street, near the cus- 
tom house, and afterward a large building near the foot of 
Pike street, which he occupied until 1879, '^'^'h^'ii ii"' company 
with his brother Davis F. Noyes, under the firm-name of 
William H. Noyes & Co., he built a more commodious fac- 
tory on Chestnut street. 

In 1884, the name of the firm was changed to William H. 
Noyes & Bro., and in 1899 the W. H. Noyes & Bro. Company 

' History of Newburyport (Coffin), p. 225. 

^Newburyport Herald, February 26, an dMarch 5, 1S30. 

^Newburyport Herald, May 20, 1831. 

^ It was erected, in 1822, for a machine shop, by Capt. David Coffin and Hon. 
Ebenezer Bradbury. Four or five years later it was purchased by William Bartlet 
and a portion of it used for a grist mill, by Edmund Bartlet, and for a brass and 
iron foundry, by Samuel Huse, and afterwards for a stocking and yarn factory. In 
1841, the property, " completly fitted for making woolen yarn, with a large gang 
of mill-stones in the basement, fitted with gearing for grinding corn," was sold 
at auction by the executors of the will of William Bartlet. Newburyport Herald, 
August 10, 1S41. 



i8o 



NLSTOK y OF iXE IVBUR YPORT 



was incorporated. Since that date, the business of the com- 
pany has been gradually extended and its manufacturing fa- 
cilities increased. In 1904, the stock in trade and machinery 
owned by the firm of Somerby C. Noyes & Co., comb manu- 
facturers, in West Newbury, was i^urchased and removed to 
the \\\ H. Noyes & Bro. Company factory, in Newburyport. 
The G. W. Richardson Company, incorporated and organ- 
ized in 1898, Henry B. Little, president, and George W. Rich- 
ardson, treasurer, having a factory at No. 9 Dalton street, 




COMB F.^CTORY OF W. H. NOYES & BKO. COMPANY. 

Newburyport, and the W. H. Noyes & Bro. Company are now 
the only comb manufacturers within the limits of Newbury, 
West Newbury and Newburyport. 

M.JiXUFACTURE OF WOOLEN YARN. 

The brick building on the corner of Market and Merrimack 
streets was probably built by Richard Bartlet, Jr., in 1795. 
He purchased the land, February 16 and March 10, 1795, 
" a dwelling house thereon to be removed."' On the twenty- 



1 Essex Deeds, book 159, leaves 32 and 20S. 



MAXUFACTURE OF WOOLEN YARN i8i 

ninth day of December followini;', he announced in the Im- 
partial Herald that he had removed to his new store, on the 
easterly corner of Market street, where he S(jld iron ware,, 
coffee, sugar, tobacco. West India rum and molasses. He 
conveyed the property, February 17, 1797, to William Bartlet, 
who established his son, Edmund Bartlet, in business there.' 
William Bartlet also built the three-story brick dwelling house, 
on Market street, where Edmund Bartlet lived for many years. 

In 1827, the New England Lace Company established a 
school in Newburyport for the purpose of instructing young' 
ladies in the art of working lace. This school was under the 
supervison of Mrs. Clarke of Ipswich, and pupils were requested 
to apply to her for admission, " at the upper door to the brick 
store, east corner of Market Street."'- Subsequently, the 
store was converted into a factory for the manufacture of 
woolen yarn and cotton batting. 

At about two o'clock, Sunday morning, November 26, 1837,. 
the factory was discovered to be on fire. The machinery and 
the stock of manufactured goods on hand were destroyed, but 
the building was saved. A card of thanks, addressed to the 
firemen, and signed by Edmund Bartlet, was published in the 
Newburyport Herald on the twenty-eighth day of November 
following. 

William Bartlet, in his will, proved February 16, 1841,. 
gave to his son Edmund Bartlet 

The house and land on which he now Hves with all the buildings on 
Market street in Newburyport .... with all the fi.xtures, machinery 
and furniture in the steam mill, attached to the house, which I value to 
the sum of $38,000. dollars, to be held in trust for him by my executors 
[Ebenezer Wheelwright, Samuel Farrar, John Porter and Charles Brock- 
way]. 

In 1845, the factory was conveyed to Edward S. Lesley, 
who occupied it for a machine shop until i860, when it was 
sold to Aaron Bancroft. ^ The westerly end of the building 

' Essex Deeds, book 162, leaf 98. 

^Newburyport Herald, August 7, 1S27. 

3 Essex Deeds, book 359, leaf 4, and book 618, leaf 148. 



1 82 HIS TOR V OF JVE IVB UR YPOR T 

was converted into a dwelling house, now the property of Mrs. 
John B. Pritchard ; the easterly end, on the corner of Market 
and Merrimack streets, is owned and occupied by Renton M. 
Perley, agent of the Frank Jones Brewing Company. 

IRON FOUNDRIES. 

Iron castings for ship work, cooking stoves, and hollow 
ware, also brass and copper castings, were made and sold by 
Samuel Huse & Co. at the steam mill on Fair street, opposite 
Commercial wharf, as early as 1836.' 

Robert Russell and Eleazer R. Walker, under the firm- 
name of Russell & Walker, established an iron foundry, in 
1840, on Brown's wharf, at the foot of Green street.- In 
1854, Albert Russell had charge of the foundry, and made all 
kinds of iron castings there until 1 860. 

James Blood of Nevvburyport, James M. Holmes and W^il- 
liam W. Nichols of Taunton, under the firm-name of Holmes 
& Nichols, leased a brick building on the corner of Merri- 
mack street and Williams' court, in 1857, and converted 
it into an iron foundry and machine shop.' In i860, 
Albert Russell purchased the stock in trade and good will of 
the firm of Holmes & Nichols, and removed his foundry from 
Brown's wharf to the westerly end of the building on Wil- 
liams court. In 1872, additional space was acquired for the 
use of the foundry, and Edward P. Russell and Albert Rus- 
sell, Jr., sons of Albert Russell, Sr., were associated with 
him under the firm-name of Albert Russell & Sons. The 
foundry and machine-shop owned by this firm are now under 
the management of Mr. William F. Runnells. 

MAP OF NEWBURVPCORT. 

[March 24, 1830] Voted that the Selectmen appoint a surveyor to 
take a plan of the Town agreeably to a Resolve of the Legislature passed 
at the last scssion.4 

' Newburyport Herald, February 23, 1S36. 
'^ Newburyport Herald, October 22, 1840. 
^Newburyport Herald, August 3, 1857. 
'' Newburyport Town Records, vol. HI., p. 199. 



TEMPERAN'CE SOCIETIES 183 

The plan was completed in the month of May following and 
filed, with other town plans, in the state house at Boston.' 
The copy on page 185, reproduced from the original plan, 
gives the boundary lines, and the location of the wharves, 
streets and public buildings of the town. 

The almshouse and the First Presbyterian meeting house 
are located on Federal street ; the meeting house of the Fourth 
Religious society on the corner of Temple and Fair streets ; 
the Methodist meeting house on Liberty street ; the town- 
house on the corner of State and Essex streets ; the market 
house in Market square ; Wolfe tavern on State street ; the 
Second Presbyterian meeting house on Harris street ; the 
meeting house of the First Religious society on Pleasant street ; 
the factory of the Newburyport Hosiery Company on the same 
street ; the Second Congregational meeting house on Titcomb 
street (opposite Brown square) ; St. Paul's church on the 
•corner of High and Market streets ; the Baptist meeting house 
on Congress street ; and the jail and court house near Frog 
pond. 

TEMPERANCE SOCIETIES. 

The evils arising from the intemperate use of spirituous 
liquors were clearly perceived and vigorously discussed in 
Newburyport twenty years before the Washington move- 
ment was inaugurated. At a town meeting held December 
24, 18 1 3, W^illiam B. Bannister, Thomas M. Clark, William 
Bartlet, Ebenezer Moseley and Capt. John Pearson were 
chosen a committee " to take into consideration the evils 
arising from the distillation of Ardent Spirits from Rye and 
other kinds of Grain." On the third day of January, 18 14, 
this committee recommended the adoption of the following 
petition to the General Court which was agreed to. 

To the HONORABLE the SENATE & the HONORABLE the HOUSE OF 

REPRESENTATIVES ill General Court to be convened on the second Wed- 
nesday of January instant : 

The inhabitants of the Town of Newburyport respectfully represent 

' Mass. Archives (Town Plans), vol. I., p. 13. 



184 !^^^ TOR V OF .VE VVB L 'J? YPOK T 

hat the distillation of Grain in this Commonwealth is a source of in- 
calculable iniury to the moral as well as to the civil and social 
interests of its citizens, and while we rejoice with thankfulness for the 
various abundant and useful products of the earth we cannot but deep- 
Iv lament the perversion of these blessings to the great injury of society. 
\\'hile we believe in the righteousness as well as goodness of him from 
whom all blessings tiow and when we consider for a moment the exten- 
sive and destructive effects of the evil of which we complain we cannot 
but consider it as one and not the least among the many causes which 
draw the frowns and judgments of an overruling Providence upon guilty 
people. I 

At a town meeting held March 13, 1820, a committee, con- 
sisting" of John Pearson, Ebenezer Moseley, WilUam B. Bannis- 
ter, James Prince and Joseph W'ilhams, was appointed, " To 
see what measures the town will adopt to enforce the Laws of the 
Commonwealth to prevent retailers from selling ardent spirits 
to persons of known intemperate habits agreeably to the request 
of Moses Brown and thirty-nine others." This committee re- 
ported, on the twenty-ninth day of March following, that shops 
for the sale of licjuor were increasing in number, that intem- 
perance was a growing evil and that the poor were greatly 
impoverished thereby. In conclusion the committee recom- 
mended "that a list of all known drunkards be posted up 
in all licensed houses & retailers' shops in this town, agreeably 
to the provision of the statute on this subject," and that the 
selectmen be instructed to prosecute all persons violating the 
law. This report was accepted and a committee, consisting 
of twenty prominent citizens of the town, was appointed to 
confer with and assist the overseers of the poor in prosecut- 
ing innholders and victuallers suspected of selling intoxicating 
liquors to persons of intemperate habits.^ 

In 1827, a society for the promotion of temperance was 
organized in Newburyport. Thomas M. Clark was president ; 
William B. Bannister, Thomas Hale and William Little, vice 
presidents ; and Ebenezer Stone, secretary. The third anni- 
versary of this society was celebrated by a public address in 
the meeting house of the P'ourth Religious society, on Pros- 

1 Newburyport Town Records, vol. II., pp. 452-454. 
- Newburyport Town Records, vol. III., pp. 69, 71. 









i;>n, 



1" ■ f ■ 11 
, . \ ,1''. ' 



1 ' \ 






92 



^ 



\ d 



li 







1 86 His TOR V OF NE WB UR YPOR T 

pect Street.' The Young Men's Temperance society and the 
Belleville Temperance society were subsequently organized. 
Hon. Caleb Gushing delivered an address before the two so- 
cieties last named February 26, 1833. 

Licenses for the sale of liquor in Newburyport were granted 
by the county commissioners subject to the approval of the 
selectmen. In 1834, the commissioners were requested, by 
the legal voters of the town, to decline to grant licenses, and 
the selectmen were instructed to withhold their approval if 
licenses were asked for.- The next year, however, the select- 
men were requested " to favorably consider the application of 
as many persons as in their opinion the public good requires." 

The Washington Total Abstinence society was organized 
in 1 84 1, and celebrated the sixty-fifth anniversary of Ameri- 
can independence by a procession and an address appropri- 
ate to the occasion. In 1842 and 1843, the members of this 
society were granted liberty to use Market hall every Sunday 
morning for the discussion of questions relating to the use and 
abuse of distilled liquor.-'' 

The Young Men's Total Abstinence society was organized 
in 1844, and the selectmen were authorized to grant the free 
use of Market hall, "when it is not otherwise engaged, to 
either of the Total Abstinence Societies in town," provided 
they agree to pay the expense of heating and lighting. 

In 1845, the inhabitants of Newburyport adopted the fol- 
lowing resolutions : — 

Whereas it is well ascertained that there are a large number of Grog 
shops and Tippling Houses within the town, illegally carrying on the 
business of dram selling, against the morality, peace, happiness, and pros- 
perity of the community, therefore 

Resolved that the Grog shops and Tippling Houses of every descrip- 
tion, where intoxicating drinks are sold in small quantities, to be drank 
on the premises, are I'ublic nuisances and should be removed ; and that 
those persons who are keepers of such places should be prosecuted ac- 
cording to law. 

1 Newburyport Herald, March 26, 1830. 
^Newburyport Town Records, vol. III., p. 294. 
•'Newburyport Town Records, vol. IV., pp. 124, 134. 



MARKET HALL 187 

Resolved that the town hereby instruct the selectmen to legally pro- 
vide for the sale of alcoholic preparations within the town, to the extent 
they may be wanted by the community for manufacturing and medici- 
nal puiposes to be at all times under their supervision and control.' 

Merrimack Division, No. 11, Sons of Temperance, was 
organized a few months previous to the adoption of the reso- 
lution quoted above, and Martha Washington Division, No. 
6, Daughters of Temperance, a few months later. 

September 18, 1849, Father Mathew visited Newburyport, 
and delivered an address, in the Roman Catholic chapel on 
Charles street, which was listened to with marked attention, 
and induced many to sign the pledge and take an active 
interest in the cause of temperance. 

MARKET HALL. 

The selectmen of Newburyport were authorized, August 5, 

1822, "to build a Market house of brick, one story high, on 
the spot where the shambles lately stood ; "- and March 10, 

1823, they were granted permission to add another story to 
the building provided it could be rented to advantage. 

[January 17, 1825] Voted that the selectmen be authorized to finish the 
market house at an expense not exceeding one thousand dollars, provided 
St. Mark's Lodge give security to the town for the payment of the sum 
of ten per centem rent per annum for the term of ten years and enter 
into contract that the premises shall only be used for masonic purjjoses.s 

Owing to some misunderstanding in regard to the estimated 
cost of the proposed alterations the contract was not signed, 
and the following preamble and resolutions were passed at a 
town meeting held February 9, 1825 : — •♦ 

Whereas the Committee of St. Mark's Lodge have agreed to relinquish 
any claim which they may have by virtue of any votes of this town to the 

' Newburyport Town Records, vol. IV., p. 220 ; Newburyport Herald, April 
22, 1845. 

*See p. 140 ; " Ould Newbury," p. 624. 

^ Newburyport Town Records, vol. IIL, p. 145. 

■* A long communication signed by John Brickett, John Cook, Jr., Ebenezer Brad- 
bury and others, giving the details of this controversy, was published in the New- 
buryport Herald, February 8, 1825. 



i88 



Ills TORY OF NE IV B UR 3 ^POR T 



tise of the hall over the market, provided the town shall make them suit- 
able indemnit}- for their trouble and expenses not exceeding one hun- 
dred dollars. 

Voted that the town reconsider the vote passed the i 7ti> da}- of Janu- 
ary last authorizing the selectmen to iinish the hall over the market for 
St. Mark's Lodge, and the selectmen be authorized to make reasonable 
indemnity to said St. Mark's Lodge, not exceeding the sum of one hun- 
dred dollars.! 

The Newburyport Chair company occupied the unfinished 
room over the market house, and made all kinds of fancy and 
•cane-bottom chairs there for se\'eral years.- January 28, 
1830, the town voted to vacate the lease, finish the hall at an 




MARKET HOUSE, 185O. 

■expense not exceeding eight hundred dollars, and rent it to the 
Newbur}'port Lycemn association for the sum of fifty dollars 
to be paid annually. A few months later this vote was recon- 
sidered; and several unsuccessful attempts were made to 
authorize the selectmen to finish the market-house hall. April 
8, 1834, the town voted to appropriate the money needed to 
complete the work, " j^rovided the interest in the Court House 
shall be sold to the satisfaction i)l the town."-^ A committee, 
consisting of Ebenezer Moseley, Charles II. Balch and Henry 

1 Newburyport Town Record.s, vol. IIL, pp. 146, 147. 
■'Newburyport Herald, May 8, 1829, and January 29, 1830. 
^Newburyport Town Records, vol. III., p. 295. 



MARKET HALL 



189 



Frothingham, was appointed to confer with the county com- 
missioners, and Amos Noyes, Richard Stone and Henry 
Frothingham were authorized, if the sale was made, to pur- 
chase materials and employ men to finish the hall. 

[August 26, 1834] voted to finish one or more rooms on the lower floor 
of the Market House, in the rear, for the use of the officers of the town.' 

March 23, 1835, the annual town meeting was held " in the 
new hall over the market house." After prayer by Rev. 
Phineas Crandall, Hon. Caleb Gushing was chosen moderator. 




MARKET-HOUSE AND DOCK. 



and Eleazar Johnson, 3d, town clerk.- It was then voted to 
use the hall for public meetings only and this vote remained 
in force for four years. A motion to allow the Lyceum to 
occupy Market hall, " for the ordinary purposes of the insti- 
tution during the coming season agreeable to the petition of 
George Lunt and others," was defeated July 31, 1837,^ but 
the town granted the association, March 25, 1839, liberty to 

' Newburyport Town Records, vol. III., p. 313. 
- Newl uryport Town Records, vol. III., p. 322. 
■^Newburyport Town Records, vol. IV., p. 2. 



igo 



HIS TORY OF NE WB UR YPOR T 



use the hall for weekly lectures, during the winter season, for 
fifty dollars, "with fifty cents additional per night for fuel." 
The Lyceum held its meetings there until 1 8 5 1 . At that 
date, the landing-place in the rear and at the southeasterly 
end of the market house was used as a dock for boats and 
barges as shown in the half-tone print on the preceding page. 
The clock that had been for many years on the westerly 
side of Market square was probably removed to its present 
location on the market house in 1852. In 1864, the butchers' 
stalls on the lower floor were taken down and the space used 
for the accommodation of the new steam fire-engine, " Eon." 
In 1884, extensive repairs and alterations were made in the 
building. The first story is now occupied by Steam Fire- Engine 
and Hose Carriage company, No. i. Hook and Ladder 
company, No. i, Supply Wagon, No. i, and by the city 
marshal and other officers of the police department. The 
northwesterly end of the second story is used as a pohce- 
coiu't room, and the southeasterly end as a hall for the con- 
vcbience of members connected with the fire-engine companies. 

; POLICE COURT. 

'January 2, 1832, the inhabitants of Newburyport voted to 
petition the General Court to establish and maintain a police 
court within the limits of the town for the trial of civil suits 
and the punishment of criminals.' On the seventeenth day 
of March following, an act, subject to the approval or rejec- 
tion of the inhabitants of the towns of Newbury and Newbury- 
port, establishing a court in and for the towns named, was 
signed by the governor.- The act failed to receive a majori- 
ty of the votes cast in the town of Newbury and was de- 
clared null and void. 

February 18, 1833, the subject was again considered by 
the inhabitants of Newburyport, and their representatives 
to the General Court were instructed to secure, if possible, 
the enactment of the law previously petitioned for.^ 

1 Newburyport Town Records vol. III., p. 225. 

2 Acts and Resolves, 1832, ch. 143. 

^ Newburyport Town Records, vol. III., p. 252. 



RELIEF OF SUFFERERS FROM FIRE AND FAMINE 



191 



On the twenty-sixth day of March, " an act to establish a 
Police Court in the town of Newburyport," repealing all acts 
inconsistent therewith, was approved by the governor.' 

Hon. Stephen W. Marston was appointed judge of this court 
in May, 1833. He resigned in 1866, and Hon. William E. 
Currier was appointed to fill the vacancy. Judge Currier died 
January 19, 1881. Hon. John N. Pike, appointed February 
9, 1 88 1, served until his death. May 3, 1900. Hon. Thomas 
C. Simpson, appointed May 23, 1900, still retains the office. 

April 15, 1854, the mayor and aldermen of the city of New- 
buryport were authorized to appoint a clerk of the police court, ^ 
and Judge Marston was appointed to attend to the duties of 
that office for one year. 

In 1855, ^1"' '^ct providing for the annual election of the 
clerk was passed by the General Court, ^ and on the first day of 
June following Joseph H. Bragdon was elected. He served 
until January 28, 1856, when William Lloyd Garrison Greene 
was elected. Mr. Greene served until January 31, 1857, when 
Edmund W. Rand was chosen. Mr. Rand was annually re- 
elected until 1 866, when the law was changed,-* and he was then 
chosen for a term of five years. He resigned in December, 
1870, and Edward F. Bartlett was elected to fill the vacancy. 
Mr. Bartlett served until December, 1871, when he was chosen 
for a term of five years. In 1876, he was re-elected and served 
until 1 88 1, when the law was changed, and he was appointed 
by the governor of the commonwealth. 5 He continues to hold 
the office of clerk of the police court, having been reappointed- 
several times since 1881. 

RELIEF OF SUFFERER.S FROM FIRE AND F.JlMINE. 

After the great fire in 181 1, the citizens of Newburyport 
were frequently called upon to assist the inhabitants of other 
towns and cities suffering from pestilence, famine or fire. 

' Acts and Resolves, 1833, ch, 192. 
'^ Acts and Resolves, 1S54, ch. 323. 
^ Acts and Resolves, 1855, ch. 321. 
■" Acts and Resolves, 1866, ch. 169. 
^ Acts and Resolves, 1877, ch. 210. 



1^2 HIS TOR V OF NE WB UR YPOR T 

In December, 1813, many dwelling houses and stores in 
Portsmouth, N. H., were burned and a company of eighty or 
ninety men from Newburyport rendered efficient service in 
guarding the property and extinguishing the flames. Subse- 
quently the sum of thirteen hundred and fifty dollars was 
subscribed in Newburyport for the benefit of the sufferers. 

In July, 181 5, a large amount of property was destroyed 
by fire in Petersburg, Va., and nearly seven hundred dollars 
was sent to the inhabitants of that town from Newburyport. 

In October, 1823, the towns of Wiscasset and Alna, in the 
state of Maine, suffered severely from a devastating fire and 
over six hundred dollars was collected in Newburyport to 
relieve the distress of men, women and children who had been 
thus deprived of the comforts of life. 

In October, 1830, over three hundred dollars was contrib- 
uted " for the relief of the citizens of Gloucester, suffering 
from a recent fire." 

In July, 1 83 1, the sum of three hundred and twenty-four 
dollars and thirty-three cents was sent to Fayetteville, N. C, 
and two months later an additional sum was collected and 
sent to the inhabitants of that town to assist them in re- 
building churches that had been destroyed by fire. 

June 6, 1835, over three hundred dwelling houses and stores 
were burned in Charleston, S. C, and three hundred and fifty 
dollars was sent for the relief of the inhabitants of that town. 

At a meeting of the citizens of Newburyport, held in Mar- 
ket hall, July 17, 1843, ^ committee was appointed to solicit 
subscriptions for the relief of the sufferers by fire in Fall 
River, Mass., and seven hundred and eight dollars and ninety- 
five cents, with books and jewelry valued at seventy dollars 
additional, was collected and sent to them a few days later. 

In July, 1846, a disastrous fire destroyed a large amount of 
property in Nantucket, and in the month of August following, 
food, clothing, and eleven hundred dollars in cash were collec- 
ted and sent to the selectmen of that town from Newburyport. 

At a meeting held in Market hall February 17, 1847, Hon. 
Henry W. Kinsman presiding, a committee was appointed to 
receive contributions for the Irish Relief fund and Hon. 



RELIEF OF SUFFERERS FROM FIRE AND FAMINE 



193 



Micajah Lunt was chosen treasurer. Ten large cases of cloth- 
ing, vakied at five hundred dollars, and two thousand dollars in 
cash were sent from Newbury port to the destitute and starv- 
ing inhabitants of Ireland. 

In 1855, the sum of eight hundred and sixty-one dollars and 
thirty cents was collected and sent to Norfolk and Portsmouth, 
in Virginia, to provide food and medicine for the inhabitants of 
those towns, suffering from an alarming epidemic of yellow 
fever. 

In 1863, the ship George Griswold sailed from New York 
with a cargo of flour, pork, beef, bacon, corn and rice for the 
relief of the poor and destitute cotton spinners of Lancaster, 
England. The officers of this ship were natives of Newbury- 
port. George Lunt was captain, Richard Pettingell, mate, and 
John L. Brown, second mate. The Liverpool chamber of 
commerce presented an address to Captain Lunt on the arri- 
val of the ship at Liverpool, gratefully acknowledging the liberal 
gift, and subsequently held a public reception in St. George's 
hall, at which letters were read from members of parliament, 
and appropriate speeches made. At the close of the exercises 
Captain Lunt was presented with a fine marine telescope suit- 
ably inscribed. 

On the fourth day of July, 1866, many stores and dwelling 
houses, with their contents, were destroyed by fire in Portland, 
Me. At a town meeting, held in City hall, Newburyport, on 
the sixth day of July following, resolutions of sympathy for 
the sufferers were adopted, and the city council was recjuested 
to make an appropriation to be expended in purchasing food 
and clothing for worthy and homeless persons needing assist- 
ance. Ten thousand dollars, "including the supplies this day 
forwarded for the relief of the sufferers from the late calami- 
tous fire in Portland," was by vote of the city council, on the 
evening of that day, transferred from the account of incident- 
als and sent to the mayor of Portland to be used at his discre- 
tion. 

Sunday and Monday, October eighth and ninth, 1871, ten 
thousand buildings, with a large amount of personal property 
in the business portion of Chicago, were destroyed by fire, 



T94 



HIS TOR Y OF NE WB UR YPOR T 



and a few days previously serious conflagrations were reported 
in several towns in Wisconsin and Michigan. At a meeting of 
the citizens of Newburyport held in City hall, Saturday even- 
ing, October fourteenth, a committee was chosen to raise 
money by subscription for the relief of the sufferers. Cash, 
with clothing and other articles of value, amounting in the 
aggregate to eight thousand, eight hundred dollars, was col- 
lected and sent to the mayor of Chicago and to the relief com- 
mittees in Wisconsin and Michigan. 

THE BREAKWATER. 

February 7, 1827, Hon. James Barbour, secretary of war, 
sent to the house of representatives in congress assembled a 
survey of Newburyport harbor, with a report from Col. John 
Anderson, topographical engineer, to Maj. General Macomb, 
chief engineer, recommending the building of a breakwater or 
causeway from the west shore of Plum island, across Plum 
Island river, to Woodbridge's island and thence as far west- 
wardly as may be necessary to increase the depth of water on 
the bar at the mouth of Merrimack river.' 

Congress appropriated the sum of thirty-two thousand dol- 
lars, to be expended in building the breakwater, and August 2 1 , 
1828, Hon. John Merrill, Benjamin W. Hale, Esq., and Capt. 
Robert Jenkins were appointed by the selectmen to superintend 
its construction. Subsequently, Thomas Buntin and Thomas 
M. Clark were appointed in place of Messrs. Merrill and Jen- 
kins, who declined to serve. 

February 27, 1829, the General Court passed an act, ceding 
to the United States the land needed for the breakwater, and 
in the month of April following, proposals for building it were 
received and accepted. It was sixteen hundred and eighty 
feet long from Plum island to Woodbridge's island, sixteen 
feet wide at the base and twelve feet at the top, and twelve 
feet high. The dam across Woodbridge's island was twenty-six 
hundred and forty feet long, ten feet wide at the base and 
eight and one-half feet at the top, and four feet high.' 

' Newburyport Herald, May i, 1827. A copy of the map drawn by Colonel 
Anderson is reproduced on the opposite page. 
'■^Newburyport Herald, April 9, 1829. 




• ofxC::^^ 



196 HIS TOR Y OF NE IVB UR YPOR T 

The breakwater was not completed until 1831, when a sec- 
ond appropriation was made by congress. Although built in a 
thorough and substantial manner it failed to increase the 
depth of water on the bar, and yielding to the force and fury 
of the waves it has now almost entirely disappeared. 

SURPLUS REVENUE. 

June 23, 1836, Andrew Jackson, then president of the 
United States, signed a bill passed by congress, providing for 
the division of the surplus revenue among the several states 
in proportion to their electoral representation. Massachusetts 
received $1,784,231 and the General Court by an act, passed 
March 21, 1837, provided for the distribution of that sum 
among the cities and towns of the commonwealth. 

At a meeting of the inhabitants of Newburyport held July 
10, 1837, Caleb Cushing, moderator, a motion to authorize 
Moses Merrill, treasurer of the town, to receive the surplus 
revenue on the terms imposed by the General Court was lost, 
ninety-six voting in favor of the motion and one hundred and 
three against it.' On the thirty-first day of July following, 
the vote was reconsidered and the town treasurer was instruct- 
ed to receive the amount due from the commonwealth, and 
retain it in his possession until'otherwise ordered. 

[September 27, 1837] Voted that the Towne will loan the money 
lately received by their agent, Moses Merrill, Esq., from the Treasurer & 
Receiver General of the Commonwealth, to the state at five per cent per 
annum and that the income shall be applied for the payment of Poll Taxes. - 

The amount of the loan was $14,843 for which the town 
received from the state treasurer a certificate or note payable 
on demand. Frequent attempts were made during the ne.xt 
five or six years to collect the money and apply it to some 
public use or divide it among the inhabitants of the town. 

March 15, 1838, a motion to collect and appropriate it for 
the improvement of the mall around Frog pond was indefinite- 

' Newlairyport Town Records, vol. IV., p. 2. 
-Newburyport Town Records, vol. IV., p. 7. 



SU/^FLC/S REVENUE 



197 



ly postponed,' and November fifteenth the town voted to- 
divide the surpkis revenue pci capita, parents or guardians to 
receive the portion due minor children.- On the twenty-fourth 
day of December following, the vote to divide the money among 
the inhabitants of the town was reconsidered, and a committee 
appointed to employ counsel to protect the interests of the 
town and oppose the granting of an inj unction by the supreme 
judicial court on the petition of William Bartlet and others, 
Moses Merrill, town treasurer, was also instructed to sell the 
certificate, if advisable and practicable, and keep the proceeds 
in the town treasury until otherwise ordered. ^ 

April 19, 1 84 1, an attempt to authorize the sale of the cer- 
tificate was defeated, ■* and the same day a motion to erect a 
schoolhouse on Kent, Congress, or Buck streets with the pro- 
ceeds of the certificate, when sold, was indefinitely postponed. ■♦ 

On the twenty-fourth day of February, 1843, the treasurer 
of the town was instructed to advertise and sell at public auc- 
tion the certificates given by the state for the surplus revenue. 
On the eleventh day of March following, he sold " at the old 
State House in Boston " the following described certificates : — 5. 

Nos. 38 and 39, dated Oct. 2, 1842, $3,000 each, $6,000 



Nos 


>. 40 and 41, " 


$2,000 each, 


4,000 


Nos 


;. 42, 43 and 44, 


$1,000 each, 


3,000 


No. 


45, dated Oct. 2, 1842, 




I ,^43 


No. 


46, dated Nov. 4, 1842, 




1,000 


No, 


47, dated Nov. 6, 1842, 




1,247 



$17,090 

The net proceeds of this sale, after deducting commissions 
and other expenses, amounted to the sum of $16,776.45, as 
subsequently reported by the selectmen. 

May 27, 1843, the town voted to loan the surplus " now in 

' Newburyport Town Records, vol. IV., p. 13. 
-Newburyport Town Records, vol. IV., p. 36. 
3 Newburyport Town Records, vol. IV., p. 38. 
"Newburyport Town Records, vol. IV., p. 107. 
'" Newburyport Herald, March 2, 1843. 



198 



HISTOR Y OF iVE IVB UR YPOR T 



the hands of Moses Merrill, Esq., agent " to the legal inhabi- 
tants of the town, at an annual interest of one per cent, " to be 
paid when the principal is called for by the government of the 
United States," notes to be given by adults receiving the 
money or by parents and guardians for minor children or per- 
sons entrusted to their care.' 

An injunction granted by the supreme judicial court, restrain- 
ing the treasurer from carrying the above vote into effect, was 
read at a meeting of the town held April 3, 1843, and at an 
adjourned meeting, one week later, the following" resolution 
was adopted : — 

Resolved that a committee of five be appointed whose duty it shall be to 
ascertain if a division per capita, according to the census of the town, of 
the funds known as the " suiplus money," now in the treasury of the 
town, be a feasible object either directly or indirectly: and that said 
committee have authority to avail themselves of all measures necessary 
to a full knowledge of the business confided to them ; and if in their 
judgment, after due deliberation, conference and employment of adequate 
means of information they are convinced of the impracticability of divis- 
ion they will so report. But if, on the contrary, the result of their 
enquiries shall be the development of a plan of division, legal in its 
operation, and successful in its aims, they will report the same to the 
town.- 

Moses Merrill, treasurer of the town, died April 12, 1843. 
On the first day of June following, Jonathan Coolidge was 
authorized to receive " from the executors of the estate of the 
late Moses Merrill, deceased," the surplus revenue and retain 
it in his possession until otherwise ordered. 

Voted that the town's portion of the Suiplus Revenue be appropriated 
as follows : 

Five thousand dollars for the benefit of the School Department to be 
expended for such objects as may be recommended by the Board of 
School Committee under the direction of the selectmen. 

Five thousand dollars to the Fire Department for such objects as may 
be recommended by the Board of Engineers under the direction of the 
selectmen. 3 

' Newburyport Town Records, vol. IV., p. 143. 

-Newburyport Town Records, vol. IV., p. 154; Newburyport Herald, April 12, 
1843. 
^ Newburyport Town Records, vol. IV., p. 163. 



SURPLUS REVENUE 



199 



The balance of the fund was to be appHed to the improve- 
ment of highways, the repair of pubUc buildings and the 
erection of a barn for the use of the poor department, 
and a committee was appointed to take such steps as were 
necessary to secure a removal of the inj unction granted by the 
supreme court. 

Voted that a committee of three be chosen and directed to confer with 
the petitioners who procured the injunction and to obtain from them, if 
possible, a petition to the Supreme Court for the removal of the injunc- 
tion, and to adopt any other measures which may be necessary to effect 
said removal.' 

A motion to reconsider the above vote was defeated at a 
meeting held on the tenth day of June following, and the select- 
men were authorized to expend the several sums appropriated, 
as soon as practicable, after the removal of the injunction. 

March 25, 1844, the selectmen reported that they received 
July 4, 1843, the sum of $16,776.45 from the surplus revenue 
fund, in payment of principal and accrued interest. This sum 
was expended as follows : — ^ 



For improvements around Frog pond and repairs on the 

gun house .... 

For improvement at almshouse including new 
For highway repairs .... 
For School Department 
For Fire Department .... 
P^or services committee and counsel fees 



$1,406.30 

brick barn 3,517.88 

1,253.01 

5,000.00 

3,928.19 

467.55 



}?i5, 572.93 
Leaving on hand for new engine and hose carriage . . $557.52 
for repairs on engine house No. 5 . . 219.00 
for repairs on engine house No. 3 . . 194.00 
for distribution among engine companies . 101.29 
for supplies to be purchased by the select- 
men as needed . . . . . 131-71 



$16,776.45 



' Newburyport Town Records, vol. IV., p. 163; Newburyport Herald, June 5, 
1843. 

• Newburyport (Selectmen's) Records. 



2 oo HIS TOR Y OF NE WBURYPORT 

WATER SUPPLY FROM FRO(; POND. 

At a town meeting held May lo, 1838, Ralph C. Huse, 
chairman of a committee appointed to consider the best method 
and probable cost of conveying water for fire purposes from 
Frog pond to the north and south ends of the town, recom- 
mended that it be taken in six-inch iron pipes to Brown 
scjuare, and thence by four inch pipes to Kent street on the 
north and Lime street on the south, with eight or more hy- 
drants conveniently located on the principal streets or ways 
leading from High street to Merrimack river, at an estimated 
cost of nearly seven thousand dollars.' 

No definite action was taken until September 12, 1839, 
when another committee was appointed to consider the sub- 
ject and report at an adjourned meeting.- On the twenty-sixth 
day of September following, the town voted to lay an iron 
pipe from Frog pond to Brown square and set two hydrants, 
one in the square and the other at the junction of Harris and 
Union streets. The committee was also authorized to supply 
the Wessacumcon Steam Mills Company with water, from the 
pipe at Brown square, for manufacturing purposes, at a reason- 
able price ; and a month later the committee was instructed 
to ascertain the cost of laying the pipe according to the plan 
submitted, with a branch pipe extending in a northerly direc- 
tion to Kent street and southeasterly to Lime street. 

April 6, 1840, the subject was again discussed at a meeting 
of the inhabitants of the town, and Nathaniel Horton, John 
Merrill, Samuel T. DeFord, Enoch S. Williams, and John 
Bradbury were appointed to attend to the laying of the pipe 
from Frog pond to Brown square, and they were also author- 
ized to make such arrangements with the Wessacumcon Steam 
Mills "as they may think expedient."-^ 

On the twelfth day of October following, the town accepted 
the proposal of the Bartlet Steam Mills-* to take, subject to the 

' Newbiiryport Town Records, vol. IV., p. 42; Newburyport Daily Herald, 
May 15, 183S. 

-Newburyport Town Records, vol. IV., p. 57. 
Newburyport Town Records, vol. IV., p. 80. 

" The name " Wessacumcon Steam Mills,'' was changed by an act of the legis- 
lature, March 18, 1840, to " Bartlet Steam Mills." 



EMIGRATION TO CALIFORNIA 20I 

supervision and control of the selectmen, the water needed 
for manufacturing purposes, and also voted to pay the con- 
tractor for laying additional pipe." 

In April, 1845, the contract was amended, and the right to 
use the steam force-pump, for fire purposes, outside the mill 
yard was granted. 

[April 13, 1846] Voted to recommend that the sum of Five hundred 
dollars be appropriated for the payment of the expense of laying the pipes 
from Browns Square to the Bartlet Steam Mills. Provided that a Bond 
shall be given by the Directors of the Bartlet Steam Mills that the water 
shall be used only in case of tire, agreeably to the votes of the town in 
relation thereto. - 

TELEGRAPH. 

In 1844, the first American magnetic telegraph line was 
constructed and successfully operated between Washington, 
D. C, and Baltimore, Md. 

In 1847, telegraphic communication between Newburyport 
and Boston was established, and the first message from the 
selectmen of Newburyport to the mayors of Salem and Bos- 
ton, was sent over the wire on Christmas day. 

The stockholders of the Boston, Salem and Newburyport 
Magnetic Telegraph Company held their first annual meeting 
in Salem January 15, 1849, "Charles H. Hudson, superin- 
tendant." 

In 1850, this company was consolidated with the Mer- 
chants Telegraphic Line, so called, then extending from Hali- 
fax, N. S., to New Orleans, and now forming a part of the 
Western Union system.^ 

EMIGRATION TO CALIFORNIA. 

The excitement that followed the discovery of gold in Cali- 
fornia led to the charter of several Merrimack-built ships for 
the Pacific coast. The brig Charlotte, William G. Bartlett, 
master, sailed from Newburyport for San Francisco, January 
23, 1849, '^^''fh forty-five passengers. 

' Newburyport Town Records, vol. IV., p. 89. 
2 Newburyport Town Records, vol. I\'., p. 253. 
■' Newburyport Herald, January 30, 1850. 



2 o 2 HIS TORY OF NE WB UR YPOR T 

During the following summer, fabulous stories relating to 
the mineral wealth in California quickened the demand for 
transportation and stimulated the ship-building industry. The 
schooner William A.Tarlton, the brig Ark, the ship Euphrasia, 
the brig Annah, the bark Dominga, the brig General Worth, 
the bark John Caskie, the schooner James, the brig Roscoe, the 
schooner Caroline and the ship Deha Walker, were all loading, 
at one time, at the wharves in Newburyport. 

The William A. Tarlton sailed October i8, 1849, ^^ith eight 
passengers and a crew of able-bodied seamen, who gave their 
services and fifty dollars in cash for the privilege of working 
their way to the new El Dorado. The brig Ark sailed on the 
first day of November following, with one hundred and thir- 
teen passengers. The ship Euphrasia, with a portion of her 
cargo, .sailed November second for Boston, where she received 
additional supplies, and then proceeded on her voyage around 
Cape Horn. The Dominga with one hundred and twenty- 
five passengers, sailed November twelfth. A large concourse 
of people assembled to witness her departure, and the New- 
buryport Artillery company honored the occasion with a nation- 
al salute of thirty guns. The brig Annah sailed November 
twenty-ninth with thirty-one passengers ; and the brig Gen- 
eral Worth, December third with thirty-two passengers. 
Other vessels were loaded during the next two or three 
months and carried from Newburyport a large number 
of active and enterprising young men. The bark John Cas- 
kie, however, unable to secure a sufficient number of passen- 
gers to render the voyage profitable, was withdrawn and em- 
ployed in the East India trade. 

CITV HALL. 

At a meeting held March 19, 1850, the inhabitants of the 
town "voted to build a new and commodious Hall at a cost 
not exceeding thirty thousand dollars," and appointed a com- 
mittee to procure plans and ascertain the probable cost of a 
suitable building.' On the fifteenth day of April following, 

' Newburyport Town Records, vol. IV., p. 336. 



CITY HALL 



203 



Charles H. Coffin, Albert Currier, John M. Cooper, Frede- 
rick J. Coffin, William B. Bannister, James Blood, Samuel 
Currier, Philip Johnson, Enoch S. Williams and John Burrill 
were authorized to purchase land on the northwesterly corner 
of Green and Pleasant streets, opposite Brown sc]uare, and 
build the hall according to the plans and specifications submit- 
ted and approved.' An attempt to reconsider this vote, at a 
meeting held April twenty-fourth, was defeated after a long 
struggle and the committee was then instructed to purchase 
the materials needed and complete the building" as soon as 
l)ossible.- 




criY HALL, 1S51, 

The corner-stone was laid July 4, 1850. A procession under 
the escort of the Washington Light Guard, marched through 
the principal streets in the centre of the town to Brown 
scjuare, where, after prayer by Rev. W. W. Eells and singing 
by a chorus of male and female voices, Hon. Caleb Gushing 
delivered an elocjuent address. The exercises of the clay closed 
with fireworks on the mall in the evening. 

The building was completed in P'ebruary, 185 i, and the an- 
nual meeting was held on the eighteenth day of March follow- 

' Newburyport Town Records, vol. IV., p. 342. 
^ Newburyport Town Records, vol. IV., p. 344. 



204 



HIS TOR V OF NE IV B UR YPOR T 



ing in the new town hall' After the incorporation of the 
city of Newburyport the rooms on the lower floor of the build- 
ing were re-arranged for the use of the city government, clerk, 
treasurer, assessors, overseers of the poor, and other officials. 
In 1882, a new stage entrance was provided for the upper 
hall, galleries were added and other changes made to enlarge 
its seating capacity and render it more comfortable and con- 
venient for evening entertainments and public gatherings. 

ANNEXATION OF A PART OF NEWBURV TO NEWBURYPORT. 

Repeated attempts were made to extend the bounds and 
•enlarge the area of the town of Newburyport after its incor- 
poration in 1764. As early as September 18, 1794, the in- 
habitants voted to petition the General Court to pro\ide by 
law for the annexation of a part of the town of Newbury.^ 
The prayer of the petitioners, however, was not granted. 

March 29, 182 1, the town voted to favor the petition present- 
ed to the General Court by Ebenezer Wheelwright and others, 
asking that the boundary line on the southwesterly side of 
Newburyport be as follows : " Beginning on the southerly line 
of said Newburyport, on the road near M'" Moses Eartletts, 
in said Newbury, thence running easterly on said road to the 
county road, so called, near Mr. Paul Lunts, in said Newbury, 
thence southeasterly on said county road to Rolfe's lane, so 
■called, in said Newbury, thence easterly or northeasterly on 
Rolfe's lane to the river road leading to Plum Island, thence 
on the Plum Island turnpike, so called, to Plum Island, thence, 
continuing the same course, across Plum Island to the ocean. "^ 
The General Court, however, after a prolonged hearing, granted 
the petitioners " leave to withdraw." 

In 1828, some of the inhabitants of Belleville, or the "fifth 
parish in Newbury," asked to be incorporated as a separate 
town, and Ebenezer Wheelwright and others again petitioned 
the General Court to be set off from Newbury and annexed 

' Newburyport Town Records, vol. I\'., p. 357. 

'-' Newburyport Town Records, vol. II., p. 97; History of Newbury (Currier), 
PP- 303-307- 

^ Newburyport Town Records, vol. III., p. 97. 




'"J ^ I!. A ?i ^ I ^n ^^<^r^ ^ ;//; a v 



Jgy.- -r-ga^ui. I .-:„'.. ■»=.jujr-=m« 



2 o6 HIS TOR V OF NE IV B UR YPOR T 

to Newburypoi't, but neither of these petitions were granted.' 
In 1833, another unsuccessful attempt was made to annex 
a part of the town of Newbury to Newburyport, and Decem- 
ber 19, 1834, a committee was appointed to confer with a 
committee from the town of Newbury in regard to the pro- 
posed reunion of the two towns.- The conference was held, 
and a favorable report was made by the committee, January 
I, 1835, but on the twelfth day of January following the in- 
habitants "voted to reject the Proposition of the Town of 
Newbury to be annexed to the town of Newburyport. ^ 

In 1843, the General Court was again asked to set off from 
Newbury, and annex to Newburyport, several hundred acres 
of land lying on the southwesterly side of High street, but no 
definite action was taken ; and in 1846 the question of uniting 
the two towns was again discussed and vigorously ad\'Ocated 
by John Porter, Esq., and others. At a meeting held in 
Market hall the thirteenth day of February the opponents of 
the proposed union prevailed and at an adjourned meeting 
the next day it was voted " that a portion of Newbury 
lying on the borders of said Newburyport and generally 
known as the Ridge, embracing all those parts of Newbury 
lying on the southeast and northwest of Newburyport com- 
monly called Belleville and Joppa," should be set off from 
Newbury and annexed to Newburyport. ■♦ A committee, con- 
sisting of Hon. Henry W. Kinsman, John B. Swasey, Esq., 
and John Porter, Esq., was appointed to secure favorable leg- 
islation, but the General Court dechned to grant the liberty 
asked for. 

January 14, 185 i, the following petition signed by Abner 
Kenniston and other inhabitants of the town of Newbury was 
presented to the General Court by Hon. Caleb Gushing. 

We the undersigned, inhabitants of that part of Newbury called Belle- 
ville Parish, respectfully petition that the territory aforesaid, bounded 

' Newburyport Town Records, vol. III., p. 186, 
- Newburyport Town Records, vol. III., p. 318. 
•' Newburyport Town Records, vol. III., p. 320. 
■* Newburyport Town Records, vol. IV., p. 241. 



ANN EX A TION OF A PAR T OF NE WB UR V 



207 



southeasterly by Newburj-port from Merrimack river to Anvil Rock,' in 
Common pasture, being the southwesterly comer of Newburj^ort, and 
thence by a straight line to the northeasterly comer of West Newbury 
in Birchen Meadow, maybe set off from Newbury and incoiporated as a 
Town by the name of Belleville. 

On the fifteenth clay of February following, Moses Pettin- 
gell, Charles Wills and others petitioned the General Court 
to set off and annex to Newburyport that part of the town 
of Newbury known as the Ridge and Joppa. Two days later, 
a petition signed by William Goodwin, John Currier, Jr., and 
others, for the annexation of the westerly end of Newbury to 
the town of Newburyport, was presented and referred to the 
committee on towns. On the fourth day of March, the peti- 
tioners residing on the northwesterly side of Newburyport 
(Abner Kenniston and others), " praying to be set off from 
Newbury and incorporated as a town by the name of Belle- 
ville," were granted leave to withdraw. 

The inhabitants of Newburyport voted, March 18, 185 i, to 
assent to the annexation of that part of Newbury named in 
the petitions signed by William Goodwin and others and by 
Moses Pettingell and others, and a committee, consisting of 
Philip K. Hills, Isaac H. Boardman and Richard Fowler, was 
chosen to appear at the hearing appointed by the General 
Court and favor the prayer of the petititoners.- 

A bill to annex a part of the town of Newbury to the town 
of Newburyport was reported to the house of representa- 
tives on the third day of April, and on the seventeenth it 
was passed to be enacted by the senate and approved by the 
governor. 3 

The map on the next page gives the bounds and limits 
of Newburyport at the present time, including the terrritory 
annexed in 1 8 5 i . 

'This rock, on the farm owned by Edward E. Bartlett, on Parker street, was 
said to resemble an anvil; but it r.o longer has that appearance. It has been split 
into fragments by drilling and blasting, and utilized for building stonewalls and 
house cellars. 

"Newburyport Town Records, vol. IV., p. 357. 

•*Acts and Resolves, 1851, ch. 54. 



CITY CHARTER 



209 



CITY CHARTER. 

At the first meeting" of the newly admitted citizens with the 
other voters of Newburyport, held April 24, 185 1, the select- 
men with Daniel Colman and Andrew W. Miltimore were au- 
thorized and instructed to settle all questions relating to the 
division of property, the payment of debts and the support of 
the poor belonging to the towns of Newbury and Newburyport 
and a committee, consisting of Caleb Gushing, Joseph Roberts, 
Henry Frothingham, Enoch S. Williams, Joshua Hale, Samuel 
Phillips, Thomas Huse, Eben F. Stone, Moses Davenport and 
Henry W. Kinsman, was chosen to present a petition to the 
General Gourt for a city charter. The prayer of the petitioners 
was granted, and "An act to establish the city of Newbury- 
port " was approved by Governor Boutwell May 24, 185 i.' 

On the third day of June following, the inhabitants of New- 
buryport accepted this act, 484 voting in favor and 1 10 against 
it. The same day an amendatory act, providing for the elec- 
tion of one alderman from each ward by the legal voters of 
that ward, was accepted by a vote of 293 in favor of the 
amendment to 149 opposed. 

June sixteenth, the following persons were elected mem- 
bers of the city council and authorized to make and establish 
by-laws and choose all necessary city officers. 







MAYOR. 








Caleb Cushin 


to- 






ALDEKMEX. 






Ward I. 


Thomas Huse, 




ward 4. 


Nathaniel Horton, 


t. -> 


John Porter, 




" 5- 


John M. Cooper, 


" 3- 


Moses Davenport, 




" 6. 


Joseph Roberts. 




COMMON COUNCILMEN. 




Ward I . 


Zaccheus P. Thurlow, 
John Woodwell, 
George W. Knight. 




Ward 4. 


Eben F. Stone, 
Philip K. Hills, 
William C. Balch. 


Ward 2. 


Philip Johnson, 
P^rederick Knight, 
Jacob Stone. 




Ward 5. 


Jacob Horton, 
Jacob Hale, 
Albert Russell. 


Ward 3. 


Isaac H. Boardman, 
Charles J. Brockway, 
Moses Hale. 




Ward 6. 


John Currier, Jr., 
John Colby, 
Joseph Newell. 



Acts and Resolves, 185 1, ch. 296. 



210 HISTOR Y OF NE WB UR YPORT 

The city government was organized at City hall on the 
twenty-fourth clay of June. Eleazer Johnson was elected city 
clerk, and Jonathan Coohdge, treasurer and collector ; Eben 
F. Stone, president of the common council, and Edward 
Burrill, clerk. Ordinances providing for the assessment and 
collection of taxes, the execution of deeds and the election 
of subordinate officers were passed, and committees were 
appointed to attend to the fiscal and prudential affairs of the 
city. 



CHAPTER V. 

1854-1904. 

The land near Frog pond and in the vicinity of the market- 
house landing was claimed by the j:)roprietors of " Ould New- 
bury " and a committee was appointed in May, 1826, by the 
inhabitants of Newburyport to defend a suit brought to deter- 
mine the question of ownership.' 

On the twenty-first day of August, however, the town voted 
to purchase, at a cost not exceeding twelve hundred dollars, all 
the common and undivided land within the limits of the town-, 
and they received from the proprietors, on the twenty-eighth 
day of October following, a quitclaim deed of the property.^ 

[April 7, 1S27] Voted to extend the railing, or fence, round the mall 
to include or inclose the school houses, at each end. 4 

In 1834, the walk on the southwesterly side of the pond 
was laid out and graded, and March 15, 1838, the town "voted 
to rebuild the stone wall and repair the embankment on the 
south side of the Mall. "5 September fourth, the selectmen 
were authorized to plant shade trees on the westerly side of 
the pond, and " to enclose the ground, embracing the improve- 
ments now making in the immediate vicinity of Frog Pond, 
with suitable fences for the protection of the embankments."*" 
March 25, 1839, they were directed to'exchange, with Theophil- 
us Jaques, a few rods of land, if needed, for the purpose of 
making a more convenient and ornamental promenade around 
the ]x)nd.7 

' Newburyport Town Records, vol. III., p. 164. 
- Newburyport Town Records, vol. III., p. 167. 
^ " Ould Newbury," pp. 620-621. 
' Newburyport (Selectmen's) Records. 
''Newburyport Town Records, vol. IV., p. 14. 
"Newburyport Town Records, vol. IV., p. 32. 
"Newburyport Town Records, vol. IV., p. 41. 

(211) 



2 J 2 HISTOR Y OF NE WBUR YPOR T 

In 1843, the town expended about fourteen hundred dollars, 
a portion of the surplus revenue fund, in making; improvements 
on the mall and repairing the i;un house. In 1868, the one- 
story brick schoolhousc, built at the westerly end of the mall 
in 1823, was destroyed bv fire. February 22, 1879, the statue 
of Washington, by John O. A. Ward, at the easterly end of the 
mall, was presented to the city of Newburyport by Daniel I. 
Tenney, Escp, of New York city. In 1882. the dwelling- 
house on the southeasterly side of the pond, formerly owned 
by Stephen Hooper, was purchased and removed. May 30, 




FROG rOXD. 



1883, the two-story brick schoolhousc, at the easterly end of 
the mall, near the gun house, was sold at auction and taken 
down during the following summer. In 1884, the rail-fence 
that sm'rounded the mall and Frog pond was removed to 
make room for a granite curbing,' and the gun house, ha\ing 
passed its usefulness, was transferred to a less conspicuous 
location near the junction of Hill and Pond streets. 

September 4, 1888, the city council granted the Mall Improve- 
ment society liberty to lay out new paths and repair the em- 

1 " Ould Newbury," pp. 610-621, 



SAIVYEK HI /J. m'KV/XG GNOUA'D 



213 



bankments around the pond. Thirty-five hundred dollars was 
raised by private subscription, plans were prepared by Charles 
Eliot, son of President Eliot of Harvard college, and during 
the summer of 1889 piles of unsightly rubbish were removed 
and the foundation laid for a lawn that since that date has 
been kept in good order by the park commissioners." 

The growth and decay of alga^ and water lillies in the pond 
gives rise to disagreeable odors and renders the place less at- 
tractive, in the summer time, than it would be otherwise. The 
lillies were planted in 1872, and have increased ra[)idl\'. 
They should be removed and the pond kejDt free from vegeta- 
ble matter. The fountain in the centre of the pond was pre- 
sented to the city of Newburyport by Edward S. Moseley, 
Esc}., in 1 89 1. 

The Mall Improvement society, having completed its work, 
was dissolved in the summer of 1890, and the City Improve- 
ment society was organized, October 4, 1890, for the purpose 
of clearing up and beautifying neglected places and providing 
for the care and maintenance of public lawns and parks. 

SAWYER HILL BURYING CiROUND. 

In 1689, a meeting house, built by a few individuals, on the 
way "thro the plaines to Sergeant Emery's Mill," in New- 
bury, was occasionally used for religious worship by -the inhab- 
itants of the town residing in that locality. 

In 1696, Rev. Samuel Belcher was called toithe work of the 
ministry there, and was installed pastor November 10, 1698. 
At or about that date a burying ground was laid out, in the 
vicinity of the meeting house, on what is now known as the 
Curzon mill road. It was enclosed with a stone wall as early 
as 1708.- 

When a part of the town of Newbury was set off, in 1851, 
all the territory on the easterly side of the Artichoke river, 
including this burying ground, called the Sawyer hill burying 
ground, was annexed to Newburyport. 

' The annual report for the year 1889, published by the city of Newburyport, 

gives a detailed account of the work done by the Mall Improvement association, 

- " Ould Newbury," pp. 363-367; History of Newbury (Currier), pp, 347-364. 



214 



HIS TOR Y OF NE iVB UR YPOR T 



BELLEVILLE CEMETERY. 



In the year 171 1, Queen Anne's chapel was erected on the 
northerly side of the Bradford road, now Storey avenue, near 
the dividing line between the first parish and the second par- 
ish in Newbury. About an acre of land in the vicinity of this 
chapel was used as a burying ground. The oldest gravestone 
now standing there was erected to the memory of Mrs. Sarah 
Bartlett who died January 17, 1727. In 1766, services in the 
chapel were discontinued and the building was soon after taken 
down. 

The burying ground was subsequently enlarged by the addi- 
tion of several acres of land, and is now known as the Belle- 
ville cemetery. In 185 i, an association, previously organized 
by the name of the Belleville Cemetery association, was legally 
incorporated, and since that date the Association has kept the 
burial lots and driveways in good order.' 

When the Artichoke river was made the dividing line be- 
tween West Newbury and Newburyport, by an act of the legis- 
lature passed April 17, 185 i, all the territory on the easterly 
side of that river, including the Belleville cemetery, was set off 
from the town of Newbury and annexed to Newburyport. 

OLD HILL BURYING GROUND. 

The inhabitants of the Third parish in Newbury erected, in 
1725, a meeting house on a triangular lot of land, near the 
river side, now known as Market square, Newburyport, and 
four years later laid out a biuying ground on the southwest- 
erly side of Frog pond. 

In 1754, a substantial building of brick and stone, " in which 
to kee]) the Town's stock of powder," was erected near the 
burying ground, and the hill adjoining was called Powder 
House hill.- 

When Newburyport was incorporated, in 1764, the meeting 
house in Market square and the burying ground near Frog 

' " Ould Newbury," p. 3S7. 

2 History of Newbury (Currier), p. 226; " Ould Newbury " (map of Frog pond 
and vicinity), p. 610. 



ST. PAUDS CHURCH-YARD 215 

pond were included within the Hmits of the new town. In 
1773, the selectmen were authorized "to do what they shall 
think best respecting the fencing and enlarging the Burying 
Place in this Town."' In 1790, the town voted to add several 
acres of land to the enclosure and extend it to Pond street on 
the west and Auburn street on the north. - 

The place is now known as the Old Hill burying ground. 
On the northwesterly side of the hill several French refugees, 
who came to Newburyport from Gaudaloupe and Santo Domin- 
go, are buried and near by is the grave of the eccentric Lord 
Timothy Dexter. Seven seamen, — the crew of the brig Poca- 
hontas, wrecked on Plum island December 23, 1839, — are 
buried on the southwesterly side of the enclosure.^ 

ST. Paul's church-vard. 

In 1738, the frame of St. Paul's church was raised on land 
owned by Joseph Atkins, Esq., at the corner of High street 
and Ordway's lane, in Newbury, but the building was not com- 
pleted until near the close of the year 1 740. 

The first person buried in the graveyard adjoining the church 
was Elizabeth Davis, who died July 17, 1742, aged seventeen 
months, daughter of Ambrose and Margaret Davis. 

When a part of the town of Newbury was set off and incor- 
porated by the name of Newburyport, in 1764, St. Paul's 
church-yard was near the geographical centre of the new 
town. 

Within its narrow limits many prominent members of the 
church are buried, including the Right Reverend Edward Bass, 
D. D., first bishop of the diocese of Massachusetts, and Hon. 
Tristram Dalton, first senator in congress from Massachusetts 
after the adoption of the Federal constitution. 'f In the half- 
tone print on the next page Mr. Dalton's tombstone is shown 
in the foreground. 

' Newburyport Town Records, vol. I., p. 173. 
■2 Newburyport Town Records, vol. II., p. 18. 
■* " Ould Newbury," pp. 453-463. 
"* " Ould Newbury," p. 419. 



2 l6 



in ST OR V OF Xli IV B UR YPOR T 




.1'. r, mil's church-yakd. 



HKillLAXn CEMETERY. 



At a meeting of the inhabitants of Ne\vbury}X)rt, held July 
lO, I <Soo, the treasurer of the town was authorized "to pur- 
chase of W'ilhani Coffin Little fi\e acres of land for a Burving 
groimd."' 

In the deed con\'e}iug this land to the town of Newburyport, 
dated July 29, 1800, William Coffin Little and Francis Little 
reserved about five rods at the northerl)' corner, "in which 
there are now several graves," for a famil)' burial lot.- Grave- 
stones bearing the following inscrii)tions now stand there : — 

William Cofifin Ripp 

Son of 

M'' William & Mrs Sarah Ripp 

who died 

12, 1739 

aged 7 month.s 
— Days 



' Newburyport Town Records, vol. II., p. 228. 
- " Ould Newbury," p. 605. 



IlIGHLAyD CEMETERY 217 

Here lies Buried Here lies Buried 

The Body of The Body of 

Ml- William Ripp Sarah Little 

who died Ye Darter of M'' 
July 13111 1740 John and Mrs. 

in ye 46111 Year Temperance Little 

of his age. Died Jan. 30, 1754 

1 Year 9 ■"<> old. 

August 14, 1800, the inhabitants of Newburyport appointed 
a committee consisting of Enoch Titcomb, Nicholas Pike and 
John B. Titcomb, to take into consideration the laying" out 
of the New Hill buning ground ;' and, March 26, 1801, the 
selectmen leased for three years, to Moses Hoyt, " about four 
acres of the land latel}' purchased by the Town for a burying 
ground " upon condition that the said Hoyt plow up at least 
one acre of the land each year and on or before the termination 
of the lease lay the whole four acres down to grass. - 

The new grave -yard, like the Old Hill burying ground, was 
near the centre of the town and bearers were employed to 
carry the dead from the house to the grave. Hearses were 
not used until ten or twelve years later. At a town meeting 
held March 23, 18 13, it was voted "to buy two hearses for 
the use of the town," ^ and the following items were approved 
and allowed, April 6, 18 14, b}' a committee appointed to audit 
the accounts of the selectmen : — ^ 

Cost of hearse & harness . . . $167.57 

Cost of house for ditto .... 128.95 

April 19, 1839, the selectmen were instructed to i)rocure 
a new hearse and enlarge the hearse house. 

March 14, 1848, the selectmen were instructed to purchase 
the Davenport pasture, so called, adjoining the New Hill bury- 
ing ground, and on the same da}' a committee, previously 
appointed, consisting of Charles H. Hudson, Philip K. Hills 
and Nathaniel S. Osgood, recommended that the land be laid 

' Newhuiyport Town Records, vol. IL, p. 230. 
■2 Newburyport (Selectmen's) Records. 
•* Newburyport Town Records, vol. II., p. 443. 
^ Newburyport Town Records, vol. II., p. 470. 



2 1 8 HIS TOR Y OF NE IV B UR YPOR T 

out in burial lots, so far as possible, and con\-e)-ed to individ- 
uals who may wish to purchase them. The committee also 
recommended the selection of a suitable place f(jr a burying 
ground at each extremity of the town." 

March 27, 1848, Anthony and William Davenport sold to 
the inhabitants of Newburyport about twelve acres of land 
bounded on Low street, West India lane, the town's land, and 
land owned by the Eastern Railroad Company,- and the next 
year, on the second day of April, the town " voted to lay out 
the Burial Grounds in Lots and Tiers, the lots to be sold at a 
reasonable price. "^ 

In 1870, adjoining land was purchased of Susan H. Coffin 
and John Little and added to the burying ground. ■♦ Grave- 
stones and monuments to the memory of Rev. Samuel P. W^il- 
liams, pastor of the First Presbyterian church, Rev. Samuel 
Spring, pastor of the North church. Rev. John Boddily and 
Rev. John Giles, pastors of the Second Presbyterian church, 
James Prince, collector of the port, Margaret Atwood, Edmund 
Bartlett, Hannah F. Gould, Hon. Caleb Gushing and others 
who were prominent in the religious, social or political life of 
Newburyport, are in the enclosure formerly known as the New 
Hill burying ground, now a part of Highland cemetery. ^ 

OAK HILL CEMETERY. 

A few of the prominent citizens of Newburyport, having 
purchased several acres of land on the southeasterly side of the 
turnpike, now State street, were incorporated by the name of 
the Oak Hill Cemetery Association June 20, 1842. 

Officers were chosen, trees and shrubs were planted, and 
avenues and paths laid out. The property was soon trans- 
formed into a well-arranged and attractive cemetery, which 
was consecrated, July twenty-first, with appropriate exercises, 
including an address by Rev. Jonathan F. Stearns, and the 

' Newburyport Town Records, vol. I\'., p. 296. 
- Essex Deeds, book 395, leaves 209, 210. 
■^Newburyport Town Records, vol. IV., p. 324. 
■• Essex Deeds, book 795, leaf 196. 
■''"Ould Newbury," pp. 605-609. 



ATKINSON COMMON 



219 



singing of two original hymns, one written by Miss Hannah 
F. Gould and the other by Hon. George Lunt. 

In 1855, a way leading from State street to Brown street 
was extended to the cemetery, and in July, 1864, an imposing 
granite gateway was erected at this new entrance, — a memo- 
rial gift from John S. Tappan, Esq., of New York city.' 

In 1894, additional land was purchased, extending the south- 
ern limit of the cemetery to Parker street where another gate- 
way was erected by John T. Brown, Esq., who subsequently 
gave, in his will, dated August 7, 1900, and proved December 
5, 1 90 1, the rest and residue of his property, after the pay- 
ment of certain bequests, to the trustees of the cemetery to be 
used in the erection of a memorial chapel.- When the amount 
due from Mr. Brown's estate becomes available the chapel will 
probably be erected on land that has recently been graded 
near the main entrance to the cemetery. 

CATHOLIC CEMETERY. 

St. Mary's cemetery, on Storey avenue, was laid out in 
1874, and consecrated by Archbishop Williams of Boston, in 
1876, as a burial place for the communicants of the Roman 
Catholic church residing in Newburyport and vicinity. It has 
an area of twenty-three acres, and contains over fifteen hun- 
dred burial lots, with well-graded avenues and paths, aggre- 
gating two or three miles in length. 

ATKINSON COMMON. 

Mrs. Eunice Atkinson Currier, in her will, dated March 23, 
1867, and proved June 17, 1873, gave to the city of Newbury- 
port several acres of land on High street near the junction of 
Moseley avenue. Storey avenue, and the Ferry road " to be 
known forever as Atkinson Common." 

On the first day of September following, an ordinance pro- 
viding for the appointment of a board of commissioners, to 
take charge of and superintend the laying out of this common, 
was passed by the city council. No attempt, however, was 

' " Ould Newbury," pp. 701-705. 
"Probate Records, book 585, leaf 250. 



2 2 o lilS TOR V OF NE IVB UR VPOR T 

made to improve the property and it remained an uncultivated 
field until September 4, 1893, when the Belleville Improve- 
ment society, was organized and begun the work that has 
transformed the neglected field into a beautiful park, by 
grading the land, deepening the soil, laying out walks and 
planting trees and shrubs. 

In 1895, the society become interested in a plan to erect a 
monument, on Atkinson Common, to the soldiers and sailors 




s lAl L'l: <J.\ .MKIN; 



who served in the Ci\il war. At the suggestion of Mr. Walter 
B. Hopkinson a monument association was organized Januar)' 
18, 1896, consisting of representatives from A. \\\ Bartlett 
post. No. 49, of the Grand Army of the Republic, Belleville 
Improvement societ}^ City Impnn-ement society and Woman's 
Relief corps. The money needed to carry the i^lan into effect 
was contributed by the several societies named al:)o\-e and by 
a few friends interested in the work of the association. Mr. 
William H. Swasey was the largest individual contributor. 



SHOE MANUFACTORIES ' 221 

The statue of a soldier returning from the war, designed 
and modeled by Mrs. Theo Alice (Ruggles) Kitson, wife 
of Henry Hudson Kitson, of Boston, was selected as an ar- 
tistic and appropriate design for the monument. It was sub- 
sequently cast in bronze and placed on a rough boulder near 
the entrance to Atkinson Common. It was presented, with 
imposing ceremonies, to the city of Newburyport July 4, 
1902, by Mr. Walter B. Hopkinson, president of the monu- 
ment association, and accepted by Hon. Moses Brown, mayor.' 

SHOE MANUFACTORIES. 

Although boots and shoes were made within the present 
limits of Newburyport before the town was incorporated, in 
1 764, only a few persons were engaged in the business at that 
early date. The shops were small, not large enough to ac- 
commodate more than three or four workmen, and the total 
value of the boots and shoes manufactured in these shops, prob- 
ably, did not exceed a few thousand dollars annually. 

A century later, the business had expanded somewhat. In 
1864, John D. Pike and Horace Choate under the firm-name 
of John D. Pike & Co., had a shop on High street, near the 
head of Ashland street, where they employed about twenty- 
five hands. Jacob T. Rowe occupied an adjoining building, 
employing about the same number of men. Elbridge K. 
Batchelder had a shop on the same street, near the westerly 
corner of Jefferson street, where he employed as many more ; 
and Edward F. Tibbetts manufactured boots and slippers 
near Threadneedle alley, on State street, and afterwards at 
No. 17 Middle street, employing from twenty-five to thirty 
men and women, who received about two hundred dollars 
weekly for their labor. 

In 1866, Nathan D. Dodge and John H. Balch, under the 
firm-name of Dodge & Balch, leased several rooms over the 
First National Bank, on State street, where they manufactured 
shoes for six or eight months and then removed to No. 33 

'Newburyport Herakl, July 5, 1902; Newburyport Daily Evening News, July 
S. 1902. 



2 2 2 HI ST OR V OF NE IV B UR YPOR 7 

Pleasant street. In December, 1867, they sold their stock in 
trade to Elisha P. Dodge and Joseph N. Danforth. 

Nathan D. Dodge removed to Troy, New York, where he 
remained until 1869. when he returned to Newburyport and, 
in company with William H. P. Dodge, under the firm-name 
of Nathan D. Dodge & Brother, began the manufacture of 
ladies' boots and slippers in two small wooden buildings on 
Water street near the foot of Fair street. This partnership 
was disolved in 1871. Nathan D. Dodge, however, continued 
business in the same place until 1872 when he removed to the 
brick building. No. 17 Water street, near the custom house. 
He remained there for twelve months, and then occupied the 
second and third floors of No. 37 Water street until 1878, 
when he purchased a brick building on Prince place, erected 
for a yarn factory, and continued in business there until 1889. 

In 1890, the Nathan D. Dodge & Son company was 
organized. They commenced business in a wooden building 
then standing on the corner of Middle and Pair streets. Sub- 
sequently, the company removed to Amesbury and soon after 
dissolved. 

In August, 1892, the N. D. Dodge & Bliss company was 
incorporated ; Nathan D. Dodge, president, and Charles 
A. Bliss, treasurer. The company commenced the manu- 
facture of boots and shoes in a building previously occupied 
by the Standard Yarn ccMiipany on Tracy court. A shop on 
Dalton street was leased for one year, in 1895, and, subsequent- 
ly, a building on Fair street, near the corner of Water street, 
was occupied until 1899, when the company leased the armory 
building on Prince place and established itself in business 
there. It is still in active operation, employing two hundred 
and twenty-five men and women and turning out one thousand 
pairs of shoes daily. 

Most, if not all, of the labor-saving machinery now used by 
this and other boot and shoe manufacturing companies, has 
been invented and developed, in competition with hand labor, 
since Mr. Dodge began business in Newburyport, in 1866. 

In December, 1867, Elisha P. Dodge of Newburyport and 
Joseph N. Danforth of Georgetown, under the firm-name of 



SHOE MA NUFA C TO RIES 



223 



Dodge & Danforth, l^egan the manufacture of ladies' shoes in 
the second story of a wooden building" on the southeasterly 
corner of Pleasant street and Hale's court. The firm was 
dissolved in 1868, but Mr. Dodge, in company with John H. 
Balch, under the firm-name of E. P. Dodge & Co., occupied 




ELISHA r. DOUGE. 



the building and manufactured shoes there until July i, 1872, 
when the partnership was terminated by mutual consent. After 
that date, Mr. Dodge continued the business on his own ac- 
count, with William H. Swasey as a special partner. In 1873, 
he erected the brick factory, No. 2 1 Pleasant street, and, in 



224 



HISTORY OF NEWBURYPORT 



July, 1875, with Edwin N. Sherrill and Henry B. Little as co- 
partners, under the firm-name of E. P. Dodge & Sherrill, he 
extended his trade in the southern and western states and 
found it necessary to enlarge the factory in order to meet the 
demands of his customers. In 1877, Mr. Swasey and Mr. 
Sherrill withdrew from the firm, and Mr. Dodge and Mr. Little, 
under the firm-name of E. P. Dodge & Co., continued the 
business until 1889, when the E. P. Dodge Manufacturing 
company was organized and incorporated, with Elisha P. Dodge, 
president, and Henry B. Little, treasurer. Early in the spring 
of 1902, the company sold all its stock in trade to the C. A. 
Ellis company, wiio still continue to manufacture boots and 
shoes in the brick factory, No. 21 Pleasant street. 

Eor thirty-five years Mr. Dodge was interested in the work 
of establishing and develo}iing the shoe industry in Newbury- 
port. 

He was one of the first to combine the many parts of shoe manufac- 
turing under one roof and to build and successfully operate a large estab- 
lishment where from the raw materials shoes were made up, complete 
from start to finish, under the management and care of one man. Others 
who have followed owe much to the example set by him, who was one of 
the pioneers in the manufacture of shoes on a large scale.' 

Mr. Dodge died September 30, 1902. On Sunday, the six- 
teenth day of November following, a memorial service was 
held in the Unitarian meeting house on Pleasant street. It 
was attended by friends and relatives of the deceased ; mem- 
bers of the city government, and many of the prominent and 
active business men of the city. 

In 1888, Harry D. Dodge and Chauncey W. Dodge, under 
the firm-name of Dodge Brothers, commenced the manu- 
facture of boots and shoes in a small building on Prince place. 
In 1889, they leased a larger building, on the corner of Fair 
and Middle streets, previously used as a meeting house by the 
Universalist society of Newburyport. In 1891, they removed 

' Biographical Sketch of Eli.sha P. Dodge and Report of the Memorial Service 
in the Unitarian Meeting House, p. 80. Mr. Dodge was born in Ipswich Octo- 
ber 5, 1847. 



SHOE MANUFACTORIES 



225 



to No. 102 Merrimack street, opposite the foot of Market 
street. In 1902, they rented the two upper stories of the 
brick buikling", No. 37 Water street, just l:»el()\v the custom 
house, which they still occupy, in addition to the factory on 
Merrimack street. They have also recently increased their 
manufacturini;" facilities by enlarging- the factory at the foot 
of Market street, and leasing the building on Prince place, 
formerly occupied b)' the Newburyport Shoe company. 

In 1889, Daniel S. Burley and William R. Usher, under the 
firm-name of Burley & Usher, were engaged in the manufacture 
of boots and shoes in Milton, N. H., and Springvale, Me. In 
1 89 1, they leased a large wooden building on Merrimack street, 
between Titcomb and Market streets, in Newburyport. In 
1893, William R. Usher withdrew from the firm, and Daniel 
S. Burley, J. P. Stevens, and William H. Sargent, under the 
firm-name of Burley, Stevens & Co., contmued to occupy the 
factory on Merrimack street until it was destroyed by fire, Oc- 
tober 31,1 894, when they removed to the brick building on 
the corner of Kent and Munroe streets, formerly owned and 
occupied by the Ocean Mills Company for the manufacture of 
cotton cloth. Mr. Sargent having withdrawn from the firm and 
removed to Lynn in 1 899, the business since that date has been 
carried on by Daniel S. Burley and J. P. Stevens, under the 
firm-name of Burley & Stevens. 

William R. Usher dissolved his connection with Burley & 
Usher in 1893, and with his son, William A. Usher, com- 
menced the manufacture of boots and shoes at Springvale, Me., 
in 1894, under the firm-name of William R. Usher & Son. In 
1898, the members of the firm were incorporated by the name 
of the W'illiam R. Usher & Son Shoe company, ha\ing an 
office in Griffin block on Pleasant street, Newburyport. The 
factory at Springvale was destroyed by fire April 14, 1905, 
and the company is now making arrangements to start a new 
factory in Newbur)-port. 

The Barton Shoe company, established in 1899, I-ewis F. 
Barton, proprietor, has a convenient and commodious factory 



2 26 HIS TOR V OF NE WB UR YPOR T 

at No, 26 Charter street, where ladies' and children's shoes 
and slippers are manufactured, and one hundred and fifty men 
and women employed. 

The Baby Shoe company, estabHshed in 1900, Fred E. 
Manson, proprietor, occupies the third story of the Morss 
building' on Inn street, where shoes for infants are manufac- 
tured and sold to the New England trade. 

ICE DEALERS. 

In the winter of 1840, Charles Smith cut from Frog pond 
several hundred tons of ice, which he stored, and sold during 
the following summer. This new^ industry was popular and 
well patronized for several years, but in 1845 the purity of 
the ice was questioned and a correspondent replied, in the col- 
umns of the Herald, "No town is supplied with better ice than 
Mr. Smith furnishes his customers."' Five years later, how- 
ever, Mr. Smith considered it advisable to secure a larger and 
better supply from Pentucket pond in Georgetown.- He con- 
tinued to cut and deliver ice from Georgetown, and afterwards 
from a small pond in Newbury, until his death, August 29, 
1879, when his children, Charles T. Smith, Jacob H. Smith 
and Harriet M. Smith, under the firm-name of Charles T. 
Smith & Co., took charge of the business which they still con- 
trol.-^ 

In addition to the above-named firm the following persons 
are ice dealers in Newburyport at the present time : James 
E. Frost, son and successor to James N. Frost, who was es- 
tablished in business as early as 1878 ;^ Wilbur Abbott, broth- 
er and successor to Andrew M. Abbott ;5 and the Newbury- 
port Ice company, Cornelius F. Creedon, jMoprietor, estab- 
lished in 1903. 

' Newl)uryport Herald, August 12, 1845. 

^Advertisement in I he Newburyport Herald, Noveniljcr 25, 1850, and May 21, 
1853- 

^Charles T. Smith died June 7, 1904. 

^ James N. Frost died January 31, 1905. 

^Andrew M. Abbott was an ice dealer in Newburyport from 1887 to 1895. 



S TREE T SPRINKL ING 227 



STREET SPRINKLING. 



In i860, William Porter, teamster, having purchased a wa- 
tering cart, made arrangements to sprinkle with water a few 
streets in the centre of the city during the summer months. 
He collected a small sum weekly from persons owning or oc- 
cupying houses or stores on the streets sprinkled. A similar 
arrangement was made the next year, and annually thereafter, 
until the death of Mr. Porter in 1885. P'rank H. Plumer, 
in company with Charles R. Pogg, had charge of the sprink- 
ling for several years after that date. Later, Jeremiah Cash- 
man provided the carts and furnished the water. He died 
April 24, 1895. During the summer of 1896, the streets were 
sprinkled by Daniel Cashman ; and since then the work has 
been done by Michael and Daniel Cashman, under the firm- 
name of Cashman Brothers. 

The sprinkling of High street, owing to the scarcity of 
water and the cost of applying it, was delayed until 1875, 
when Michael H. Simpson of Boston purchased two watering 
carts and employed William B. Porter to sprinkle the street 
during the summer months, between Bromfield and Kent 
streets. This arrangement was continued from year to year 
until the death of Mr. Simpson, in 1885. 

The next year, the Newburyport Street Sprinkling associa- 
tion, consisting of Elisha P. Dodge, Lawrence B. Cushing, 
T. Gillis Todd, Joseph E. Moody, Charles W. Moseley, WilUam 
O. Moseley, Thomas C. Simpson and John J. Currier, was or- 
ganized ; and the association purchased the watering carts 
owned by the estate of Mr. Simpson, subscriptions were re- 
ceived from the owners of property on High street, and ar- 
rangements were made to sprinkle the street between Marl- 
borough and Kent streets and afterward to Woodland street. 
In his will, Mr. Simpson gave to the city of Newburyport 
twenty thousand dollars, the income to be expended " for the 
purpose of watering the streets of the city." A portion of this 
income was paid annually to the Newburyport Street Sprink- 
ling association, and the balance was used to defray a part of 
the cost of watering Pleasant and State streets and Market 
square. 



2 2 8 tilS TOR V OF NE WB UR YPOR T 

In 1897, the General Court passed an act providing" for the 
watering of streets in any city in the commonwealth, and the 
city council of Newburyport, having determined that High 
street, and certain other streetS'in the centre of the city, should 
be watered at the expense of the abuttors, the Newburyport 
Sprinkling association voted, July 13, 1897, to dispose of its 
property and dissolve the organization. Since that date the 
watering of streets, in whole or in part, within the limits of 
Newburyport, has been under the care and control of the board 
of mayor and aldermen. 

BARTLETT SPRING WATER SUPPLY. 

In 1842, a corporation by the name of the James Steam 
Mills was organized in Newburyport for the manufacture of 
cotton goods. In 1845, the stockholders of that corporation 
petitioned the General Court for liberty to erect and maintain 
a bleachery in the town of Newbury, and lay pipes through 
the streets of Newbury and Newburyport " for the purpose of 
supplying said towns with water for domestic and manufactur- 
ing purposes."' A committee, appointed by the legal voters 
of the last-named town to confer with the petitioners, reported 
February 13, 1846, that Charles T. James, and others associ- 
ated with him, proposed to supply the inhabitants of New- 
buryport with water from Bartlett spring in Newbury, and 
recommended that the prayer of the petitioners be granted, the 
town to have the right to put in hydrants at its own expense, 
and use the water for extinguishing fires. The report of the 
committee was accepted and a certified copy sent to Hon. 
Dennis Condry of Newbury, one of the senators from Essex 
county, at the state house in Boston.- During the next two 
or three weeks, however, the plan was materially modified, 
and March 7, 1 846, the Newbury Spring Bleaching Company 
was incorporated, and a small pond on the southwesterly side 
of Oak Hill cemetery purchased.^ Water for extinguishing 

' Newburyport Town Records, vol. IV., p. 233; History of Newbury (Currier), 
p. 302. 

-Newburyport Town Records, vol. IV., p. 239. 
"Acts and Resolves, 1846, ch. 85. 



BARTLETT SPRING WATER SUPPLY 



229 



fires antl for manufacturing pm'poses was taken from this 
pond and conveyed by the shortest and most direct route 
from the turnpike, now State street, to the James Steam 
Mills, on Charles street, Newburyport. 

Twenty years later, an attempt was made to secure a sup- 
ply of pure water for domestic use, aird, April 23, 1866, the 
Newburyport Aqueduct company was incorporated and au- 
thorized to take water from '' Trout Brook," so called, an out- 
let of Bartlett spring,' but nothing was done under this act, 
and several other plans, vigorously advocated in 1875, were 
carefully considered and rejected. 

May 1 1, 1878, permission to take water from Kimball's pond 
in Amesbury, and construct water works at an expense not 
to exceed two hundred and fifty thousand dollars was granted 
the city of Newburyport ;- but the terms and conditions 
imposed were not acceptable to the legal voters of the city. 

April 23, 1880, Joseph !>. Morss, WilUam H. Huse, Edward 
F. Cofifin, Edward P. Russell, Henry M. Cross and Lawrence 
B. Cushing, their associates and successors, were incorporated 
by the name of the Newburyport Water company,^ and, on 
the third day of July following, Joseph B. Morss was 
elected president ; G. Norman Weaver, treasurer ; David L. 
Withington, clerk ; Joseph B. Morss, George H. Norman, G. 
Norman Weaver, Edward P. Russell and Edward F. Coffin, 
directors. 

On the seventeenth day of August, the Water company agreed 
to furnish the city of Newburyport with water for the use of 
the fire department with a certain number of hydrants not 
exceeding one hundred and fifty, and, also, to maintain a head 
of water not less than one hundred and twenty-five feet above 
tide water, for the sum of six thousand dollars, to be paid an- 
nually for a term of twenty years. At a legal meeting of the 
inhabitants of Newburyport, held August thirtieth, this con- 
tract was ratified and confirmed by a majority of the voters 
present and voting thereon. 

' Acts and Resolves, 1866, cli. 175. 
^ Acts and Resolves, 1878, ch. 240. 
•'Acts and Resolves, 1880, ch. 235. 



230 HIS TOR Y OF NE \VB UR YPOR T 

Land in the vicinity of Bartlett spring was purchased, a 
pumping station erected, and nearly twenty-five miles of water 
pipe laid during the summer of 1881. The work was com- 
pleted and accepted by the directors of the company in the 
autumn of that year. 

Subsecjuently, three or four wells were sunk on land near 
the pumping station to increase the water supply, but the in- 
habitants of Newburyport, dissatisfied with the high rates 
charged for the use of water and the scant supply available 
for fire purposes, claimed that the city was released from its 
obligation to pay for service that the company had failed to 
furnish. The controversy culminated June 10, 1893, in the 
passage of an act authorizing the city of Newburyport to con- 
struct an independent system of water works and take "by 
purchase or otherwise, and hold the waters of any pond, stream, 
spring or wells within the limits of said city not heretofore 
taken by the Newburyport Water Company."" 

August 26, 1893, the legal voters of the city declined, by 
an overwhelming vote, to authorize the purchase of the prop- 
erty of the Newburyport Water Company upon the terms and 
C(Miditions named in the twelfth section of that act, and on the 
seventh day of September following, by a vote of fourteen 
hundred and sixty-three in favor and one hundred and fifteen 
opposed, authorized the construction of an independent system 
of water works. 

June 14, 1894, the rights and privileges granted by chapter 
four hundred and seventy-one of the acts and resolves of the 
General Court for 1893 were modified by the passage of an 
act providing for the purchase of the property of the New- 
buryport Water company by the city of Newburyport at a 
valuation to be fixed and determined by a board of commis- 
sioners appointed by the supreme judicial court.' 

July 10, 1894, the stockholders of the Water company 
voted to sell their real estate and other property to the city 
of Newburyport, and sent an attested copy of this vote to 
Hon. Orrin J. Gurney, mayor. 

' Acts and Resolve;, 1893, ch. 471. 
* Acts and Resolves, 1894, ch. 474. 



BA K TLB T T SPRING WA TER S UPPL Y 2 3 1 

January 15, 1895, the legal voters of Newburyport con- 
sented " to the purchase of all the apparatus and appliances 
owned by the Newburyport Water company and used in sup- 
plying the city and the inhabitants thereof with water " and, 
on the thirty-first day of January, the city council accepted a 
deed, signed by the president and treasurer of the company, 
conveying all its right, title and interest in the above described 
property to the city of Newburyport. 

The commissioners appointed by the court, to determine the 
value of the property, after a prolonged hearing, awarded the 
company two hundred and seventy-five thousand dollars, with 
interest, and this award was approved by the court June 14, 
1897. The company however, declined to accept the award 
and on the twenty-first day of July brought a suit in the cir- 
cuit court of the United States for the District of Massachu- 
setts to obtain a rehearing on the ground that it had been 
deprived of its property without due process of law, " in viola- 
tion of the fourteenth amendment of the constitution of the 
United States." The court, after hearing the arguments of 
counsel on the constitutional questions involved, decided, in 
August, 1900, adversely to the contention of the company An 
appeal was taken to the supreme court of the United States, 
and April 4, 1904, the decision of the circuit court was re- 
versed, and the case remanded to that court with instructions 
to dismiss the bill for want of jurisdiction. 

In regard to the claim that the Water company had been 
deprived of its property without due process of law, Justice 
Edward Douglas White in delivering the opinion of the su- 
preme court said : — 

Whether the Constitution of the United States was and is, in a real 
and substantial sense, involved, depends upon apparently two considera- 
tions ; First, the proposition that the sale made by the company to the 
city was compulsory, and hence there was a taking of the property in dis- 
regard of due process of law : and, second, that the failure of the com- 
missioners to value the future profits arising from the contract for the 
furnishing for fires of a water supply to the city impaired the obligations 
of the company's contract. We say apparently two, since the questions 
are virtually one, depending both on the same considerations. 



232 



HISTORY OF NE WB UR YPOR T 



Now, it is conceded that the charter of the water company was not ex- 
clusive and was subject to repeal, alteration, or amendment at the will of 
the legislature. This being the case, it is evident that no deprivation of 
property without due process of law, or impairment of the obligations of a 
contract did or could arise from the act of the legislature empowering 
the citv to erect its own water works. 

July II, 1904, the stim of two htmdrcd and scvL-nty-five 
thousand dollars, with interest from January 29, 1895, was 
paid the Newburyport Water company in settlement for the 
rights, privileges and property sold and conveyed, on the last- 
named date, to the city of Newburyport. 

Hon. Albert E. Pillsbury of Boston, counsel for the city, 
argued the questions of law with great ability before the com- 
missioners, and successfully combatted the claims of the Water 
company in the circuit court and in the supreme court of the 
United States. The result of this legal contest was a sub- 
stantial victory for the city, and a satisfactory and final adjust- 
ment of the questions in dispute. 

Hon. William H. Moody of Haverhill and Hon. Charles C. 
Dame and Robert E. Burke, Esq., of Newburyport were asso- 
ciated with Mr. Pillsbury in the presentation of the case to 
the commissioners, and George H. O'Connell, Esq., city solic- 
itor, signed the brief filed in the supreme court. 

The cost of the water works to the city of Newburyport, 
including the expense of litigation, is as follows : — ' 

Amount awarded the Newburyport Water Company by the Commis- 
sioners and approved by the Supreme Court of Mass. ;f275,ooo 

Cash paid attorneys, civil engineers and other persons for ser- 
vices rendered the City of Newburyport in defending the suit. No, 500 



Total cost, ^355,500 

The city of Newburyport received for the use of water from January 
2g, I. S95, when it took possession of the property, to July i, 1904, the 
date of settlement with the Newburyport Water Company $376,689 

From this sum deduct for cost of maintenance 86,822 



Leaving net income #289,867 

Newburyport Herald, July 24, 1904. 



234 



Ills TOR V OF NE WB UR YPOR T 



Amount of net income, brought forward, __ ^289,897 

To this net income, should be added, for the use of water 
for pubHc buildings, hydrants, &c., charged to the city but 
not credited on the above account, <J5,285 



#355,15: 



From the net income received by the city as stated above ($289,867) 
bills have been paid for the improvement of the property, interest on the 
award, and other expenses as follows : 

For real estate, extension of water pipes, (S:c. ;?I25,686 

Interest on the award from Jan. 29, 1895 to July i, 1904 139)9^3 

Cash in part payment of award 1 1,000 

Cash in the hands of the City Treasurer about 6,218 

Cash in the hands of the Newbur\port Water Commissioners 7,000 



Total net income #289,867 

DRINKING FOUNTAINS. 

July 5, 1887, the committee on public property was 
authorized by the city council of Newburyport to purchase 
an iron drinking' fountain to be placed in Market scjuare, 
on or near the site of the old town pump. The water for this 
fountain was supplied by the Newburyport Water company, 
free of cost, until the close of the year 1894. 

The fountain at the junction of Storey avenue, Moseley 
avenue and the ferry road was the gift of John T. Brown, in 
memory of his wife Ellen T. Brown. It was dedicated with 
appropriate exercises August 29, 1894. 

The fountain at the corner of High and Toppan streets was 
presented to the city of Newburyport by Paul A. Merrill. It 
was placed in the position it now occupies and accepted, with- 
out formal ceremony, by the committee on public property, 
Attgust 6, 1897. 

The fountain at the corner of High and Auburn streets, 
near the westerly end of Bartlet mall, was formally presented 
to the city, September 24, 1898, by Mrs. Ann E. Taggard, of 
East Boston, in memory of her husband, Cyrus Henry Tag- 
gard. 



ALABAMA CLAIMS 



SEWERS. 



235 



In 1888, a committee, appointed by the city council of 
Newburyport, employed Ernest W. Bowditch of Boston, 
a civil engineer, to make a careful survey of the city and 
submit plans for the disposal of sewage. April 9, 1889, the 
General Court authorized the construction of a system of 
sewage for the city of Newburyport " in accordance with any 
general i^lan which has been or may be approved by the state 
board of health."' 

During the summers of 1889 and 1890, the sewers in wards 
two, three and four were constructed, under the supervision 
of Francis Curtis, by Jonathan A. Douglass, contractor. In 
1893 and 1894, the sewerage system was extended from 
Bromfield street to Marlborough street, in ward one; in 1895, 
from Boardman street to Broad street, in ward five ; and, in 
1 90 1, from Broad street to Ashland street, inward si.x. 

ALABAMA CLAIMS. 

The treaty of Washington, signed May 8, 1871, by the 
commissioners appointed by the governments of Great Britain 
and the United States, provided for the settlement of claims 
arising from the capture and destruction of American vessels 
by Confederate cruisers fitted out in English ports during the 
war of the Rebellion. The arbitrators, to whom the settlement 
of these claims was referred, assembled at Geneva, Switzer- 
land, December 15, 1871. 

Caleb Gushing of Newburyport, William M. Evarts of New 
York, and Morrison R. Waite of Ohio presented the claims of 
the United States and replied to the arguments and objections 
urged by Sir Roundell Palmer, counsel for, and subsequently 
lord chancellor of, England. 

The tribunal announced its decision September 14, 1872, 
awarding the sum of fifteen million, five hundred thousand dol- 
lars, in gold, " as the indemnity to be paid by Great Britain to the 
United States for the satisfaction of all the claims referred to 
the consideration of the tribunal." 

Congress passed an act, approved June 23, 1874, establish- 

^ Acts and Resolves, 1889, ch. 233. 



236 tJIS TOR y OF NE VVB UR YPOR T 

ing the " Court of Commissioners of Alabama Claims." 
Under this act claims were paid for the capture of American 
vessels by Confederate cruisers. In 1882, the court was re- 
established and additional claims were proved and paid to cover 
the increased cost of insurance on vessels sailing under the 
American flag' while the Confederate cruisers were afloat. The 
following claims were paid for the destruction of vessels 
wholly or partly owned in Newburyport : — 

Ezekiel Evans, Atkinson Stanwood, (ieorge H. L\'ford, Enoch M. 
Read, Benjamin Davis, Jr., Joseph B. and WilHam J. Creasey, John T. 
Page, Richard Plumer, Eben Manson, John B. and Thomas Atwood, all 
of Newbur^-port, owners of the schooner Enchantress, 160 tons register, 
built in Newbur^-port by Eben Manson, recovered the sum of three 
thousand dollars on acccount of the capture of that schooner July 6, 1861, 
near latitude 3S deg. 40 min. and longitude 6g deg. 15 min. by the Con- 
federate cruiser Jeff. Davis. The Enchantress was re-captured, on the 
thirty-first dav of the same month, near the entrance to the harbor of 
Charleston, S. C, by the U. S. S. Albatross and taken to New York. 

Charles Hill of Boston, William Lambert of Portsmouth, and John 
Currier, Jr., of Newburyport, owners of the ship Star of Peace, 940 tons 
register, built in Newburyport by John Currier, Jr., recovered the sum of 
eighty-three thousand eight hundred and eighty-four dollars for the cap- 
ture and destruction of that ship by the Confederate cruiser Florida. 
The Star of Peace sailed from Calcutta, December S, 1862, with a 
general cargo for Boston. She was captured and burned March 6, 1863, 
in latitude 1 5 deg. 13 min. north and longitude 54 deg. 38 min. west. 

Charles Hill and Charles (j. Hill of Boston, John Currier, Jr., of New- 
l)urvport and William Lambert of Portsmouth, owners of the ship Charles 
Hill, 700 tons register, built by John Currier, Jr., in the town of Newbury 
in 1849, recovered the sum of forty-three thousand seven hundred and 
thirty-three dollars for the loss of the ship and cargo. She sailed P'ebru- 
ary 12, 1863, with salt from Liveipool for Montevideo, and was cap- 
tured and burned by the Alabama, March 25, 1863, in latitude 1 deg. 23 
min. north and longitude 26 deg. 30 min. west. 

Isaac H. Boardman, Henry Cook, Albert Currier, Joseph B. Morss, 
William H. Brewster and John Currier, Jr., owners of the ship Crown 
Point, I 100 tons register, built by John Currier, Jr., in Newburyport in 
1856, recovered the amount of the claim filed for loss of the ship. She 
sailed with an assorted cargo, April 9, 1863, from New York for San 
Francisco. She was captured and burned, eighty miles northeast of Per- 
nambuco, in latitude 7 deg. 10 min. south and longitude 34 deg. west by 
the Florida May 13, 1863. 



ALABAMA CLAIMS 



237 



James Merrill, Solomon Littlefield, Hiram Littlefield, Atkinson Stan- 
wood, Jonathan Kenniston, Daniel C. Rogers and John R. Stanwood co- 
partners, and George B. Merrill, part owners of the Bark Amazonian, 
480 tons register, built in Newbur3'port by James Merrill in i860, recov- 
ered their proportion of the amount claimed for the loss of that vessel. 
She sailed April 22, 1863, with a general cargo, from New York for 
Montevideo. She was captured and burned by the Alabama June 2, 1863. 

Capt. Moses J. MuUiken, part owner of the ship Anna F. Schmidt, 784 
tons register, built in Kennebunk, Maine, in 1856, received the sum 
•claimed by him in the papers filed by him and other owners of that vessel. 
She sailed from Boston, January 17, 1863, with an assorted cargo and a 
month later put in to St. Thomas in distress. After leaving that port she 
was captured and burned by the Alabama, July 2, 1863, in latitude 25 deg. 
27 min. south and longitude 37 deg. 46 min. west. 

William Currier and Jonathan and James R. Kenniston, part owners 
of the bark Sea Bride, 450 tons register, built in Newburj'port by Wil- 
liam Currier in 1861, filed claims that were subsecjuently approved and 
paid by the government of the United States for the loss of that vessel. 
She sailed from New York May 28, 1863, with a general cargo, for 
Table Bay, Cape of Good Hope. On the fifth day of August following, 
when near her destination, and within three miles of land, as her captain 
claimed, she was captured by the Alabama and afterwards sold, with her 
cargo, to English merchants residing in Table Bay. The legality of these 
proceedings was stoutly contested, and a long correspondence followed 
in regard to the duty of the English government to seize and hold the Al- 
abama and indemnify the owners of the bark Sea Bride for the illegal 
sale of their property. 

Samuel Stevens and John Atkinson of Boston and George L. Rogers 
and Samuel B. Pike of Newburyport, sole owners and mortgagees of the 
ship Martaban, 700 tons register, built in East Boston in 1858, and called 
the Texian Star until the first day of December, 1863, claimed and 
received compensation for the loss of that vessel. She sailed from 
Maulmain December 12, 1863, with a cargo of rice for Singapore. She 
was captured and burned by the Alabama near Malacca on the twenty- 
fourth day of December following. 

William Cushing, John N. Gushing, Nicholas Johnson, Mary A. John- 
son, Elizabeth L. B. Wills, William Pritchard, and Thomas Pritchard, 
owners of the ship Sonora, 700 tons register, built by John Currier, Jr., in 
Newburyport in 1853, filed a claim for nearly sixty thousand dollars, which 
was approved and paid for the loss of that vessel. She sailed from Hong 
Kong, November 26, 1863, in the command of Capt. Lawrence W. Brown, 
with a cargo of rice for Ak3-ab, British India. On the twenty-sixth day of 
December following, while anchored in the straits of Malacca, in latitude 



238 I^IS TOR Y OF NE IVB UR YPOR T 

3 deg. north, longitude loi deg. east, she was captured and burned by the 
Alabama. The officers and crew of the Sonora were allowed to take 
some of their clothing and personal effects in the small boats belonging 
to the ship ; and they were then set adrift without provisions, charts, com- 
pass or sails. 

FREN'CH CLAIMS. 

The capture and confiscation of American vessels and car- 
goes, by French privateers, during the war between France 
and England, in 1798, irritated and annoyed the ship owners 
and merchants of the United States. They condemned the 
unjustifiable seizure (^f private property on the high seas and 
demanded compensation for the losses they had sustained.' 

The national government, anxious to avert war, considered it 
advisable to move cautiously and called upon all good citizens to 
refrain from aiding or abetting either of the belligerent powers, 
realizing that by the treaty of alliance made with France, in 
1778, the United States had expressly agreed to defend and 
protect French possessions in America, and granted French 
privateers liberty to enter and leave her ports unmolested. 

In order to avoid the possibility of a long controversy with 
France a new treaty was negotiated and signed September 30, 
1800. Vessels that had been captured by French privateers, 
but not condemned, were by the terms of the treaty to be 
given up ; the transportation of merchandise " contraband of 
war " was prohibited, and the claims for spoliation were left 
for future negotiation. 

When the territory of Louisiana was j^urchased the govern- 
ment of the United States retained a portion of the purchase 
money, amounting to twenty million francs as provided for in 
the treaty signed at Paris, April 30, 1803, " to pay the debts 
due by France to citizens of the United States contracted 
before September 30, 1800." Congress, however, delayed 
the payment of these debts for nearly a century. 

Citizens of Newburyport filed with the government at Wash- 
ington clamis amounting to over six hundred and eighty-two 
thousand dollars, as follows : — - 

1 See pp. 106-114. 

^Newburyport Daily Herald, March 18, 1854. 



FRENCH CLAIMS 



239 



VESSELS. 


AMOUiNT OF 


Sch. Polly 


S8,5oo 


Brig Vulture ( 1 794) 


3,92s 


Brig Olive Branch 


16,892 


Sell. Dolphin 


7,500 


Sch. Peggy & Polly 


1,230 


Sch. Speedwell (1796) 


3,200 


Sch. Thankful 


7,185 


Brig Ruby 


9,900 


Sch. Industry (1799) 


1 1,270 


Brig Atlantic 


17,520 


Brig George 


15,511 


Sch. Eagle 


5,650 


Brig Wilture ( 1799) 


6,750 


Sch. Three Friends (1 


; 800) 8,800 


Sch. Belisarius 


3,000 


Sch. Sally (iSoo) 


12,344 


Brig Catherine 


9,322 


Sch. Unity 


6,120 


IJrig Nancy 


9,929 


Sch. Industry (1796) 


2,500 


Brig Lucy 


11,271 



Sch. Sally (1799) 
Sch. Speedwell 



7,521 



Brig Ranger 


5,000 


Brig William 


6,177 


Sch. Harmony 


6,100 


Sch. Gideon 


6,233 


Sch. Hope 


11,653 


Ship Commerce 


3,000 


Brig Anna (1799) 


6,336 


Brig Anna (1800) 


9,091 


Brig Mehitable 


2,184 


Sch. Unity (1798) 


1,399 


Ship Rose 


3,820 


Brig Uove (1800) 


723 


Brig Dove (1799) 


141 



LOSS. N.\MES OF OWNERS. 

D. Dole, S. Newman, Jos. Meyor, 

Amos Pearson 
Zebedee and Elias Hunt 

John Pearson and' others 
Abraham Jackson 

Abner Wood and Edmund Kimball 
Pearson, Brown and others 
Abner Wood and others 



John Pettingell and David Coffin 

Edmund Kimball 

T. W. Hooper and Philip Coombs 

Philip Coombs and others 

Philip Coombs, J. Nelson & M. Savory 

J. Nelson, M. Atkinson and M. Savory 

Anthony Davenport 

.'Vnthony Davenport and Amos Knight 

Wm. Boardman, Benj. Boardmanand 

Jonathan Moulton 
Amos Atkinson & Co. 
William Miller, Ebenezer Whitmore 

and A. Campbell 
Amos Atkinson & Co. 

A. Frothingham, Jr., Edmund Kimball, 

J. Todd and Abel Stanwood 
T. Ham, E. Swain, J. Gage, John 

Balch, A. Frothingham 
Leonard Smith 

B. Chase, Wm. Bartlet, J. B. Currier, 

W. Jacob & D. Bagley, Amesbury 
Solomon Haskell 
Andrew & Benjamin Frothingham 

u 

Thomas & Joshua Carter 

u 

N. Hoyt, Jonathan Coolidge and Ed- 
ward Toppan 
Edmund Bartlett, Jr. 



240 



HISTORY OF NEWBURYPORT 



AMOUNT OF LOSS. 



NAMES OF OWNERS. 



Brig 
Brig 
Brig 
Brig 
Ship 
Brig 
Brig 
Brig 
Ship 
Brig 
Bria: 



Peter 

Dove ( 1 798) 

Edmund 

Betsey 

Rose (1 799) 

Dove (1 800) 

Tryall (1800) 

Dove (iSoo) 

Tom 

Mary (1 797) 

Lady Washington 



Sch. Three Friends 
Sloop Increase 
Ship Carohne 
Sch. Betsey & Lucy 
Sch. Rebecca 
Ship Active 
Ship Columbia 
Brig Harriet 

Brig Tryall (iSoo) 
Sch. Hawk 

Sch. Amy 
Brig Leonard 
Brig Mary (1797) 

Sloop Nancy 



3,600 

8,095 

1.355 

6,977 

102,917 

1,117 

2,155 

34,879 

21,431 

400 

10,730 

2,250 

5.467 
19,000 

7,800 
16,915 
12,839 

3,000 
23,757 

15.596 
9,000 

6,000 
9,000 
8,400 

7,000 



Peter Le Breton 
William Bartlett 



Brig Maria 


2,200 


Sch. Retrieve 


1,561 


Brig Minerva 


3.424 


Sloop Hero 


2,696 


Brig Hannah 


7,500 


Brig Tryall (1800) 


1 10 


Brig Vulture (1799) 


500 


Sch. Sally (1797) 


8,500 


Sch. Phoenix 


I 5,000 


Sch. Olive 


5,000 


Brig Daniel & Mary 


I 7,000 


Ship Rose (1800) 


1,150 



Ebenezer Wheelwright 

Ebenezer Wheelwright and Joseph 

Knight 
Abraham & Ebenezer Wheelwright 

Josiah Smith 
David Coffin 
Samuel Coffin 



Samuel Ba3'ley, Robert Stevenson and 

Chs. Goodrich 
Moses Brown 
Moses Brown, Thomas M. Clark and 

Ebenezer Sumner 
Moses Brown 
John Wells 
Moses Brown, William Paris and 

Ebenezer Sumner 
John Marquand, E. Stocker, Clark & 

Conner 
Ebenezer Stocker 

E. Stocker, Wm. Paris and K. Walsh 
Abner Wood, Enoch Pierce & Enoch 

Wood 
Thomas Brown 

Thomas Brown and Samuel Chase 
Thomas Dodge, Ipswich 
Samuel Walton, Salisbury 
John D. Farley, Swett & Farley 



Amos Pearson and John Whalan 



ANNA JAQUES HOSPITAL 241 

VESSELS. AMOUNT OF LOSS. NAMES OF OWNERS. 

Ship Rebecca 3,000 George Nowell 

Sch. Union 10,000 John Moody, Thos. W. Hooper 

Brig Confidence .S,ooo John March and Robert Hazelhurst 

Sloop Friendship .S,ooo Benj. Wyatt, Jr., Jos. Toppan, Eleazer 

Johnson, Micajah Lvmt 

Sch. Union Soo Micajah Lunt 

Brig. Retrieve 900 Nathan Frazier and others. 

In 1885, congress passed an act providing- for the adjudica- 
tion of these claims and many of them have since been paid. 
Some are still pending in the court of claims at Washington, 
and others have been set aside for lack of proof. 

ANNA JAQUES HOSPITAL. 

March 4, 1883, Miss Anna Jaques of Newbury gave to Dr. 
Francis A. Howe and William H. Swasey, Esq., bonds having 
a par value of twenty-five thousand dollars, in trust, for the 
jHtrpose of establishing a hospital for the care of sick and dis- 
abled persons living in the city of Newburyport and in the 
towns of Newbury, West Newbury, Amesbury and Salisbury. 
These bonds with the premium and accrued interest amounted 
to nearly twenty-nine thousand dollars.' 

Land on the corner of Broad and Munroe streets, extending 
to Tyng street, was purchased and during the following sum- 
mer the three-story dwelling house standing thereon was 
repaired and converted into a comfortable and convenient hos- 
pital. 

March 20, 1884, the Anna Jaques Hospital Association was 
incorporated. Dr. Francis A. Howe was elected president, 
William H. Swasey, treasurer, Benjamin Hale, clerk ; and the 
above-named officers, with Elisha P. Dodge, and Albert P. Saw- 
yer of Newburyport, Nathaniel Dole of Newbury, E. R. Sib- 
ley of Salisbury, Dr. J. A. Douglass of Amesbury and Charles 
W. Ordway of West Newbury, were elected trustees. 

The hospital was opened for public inspection April 16, 

' Miss Anna laques was born in Newbury May 8, iSoo; and died there [an. 
24, 1S85. 



24: 



HIS TOR \ ' OF NE IV B I 'R YPO R T 



1884. The first patient was admitted on the seventh day of 
May following. Since that date it has been maintained by 
gifts received from private individuals, contributions from 
churches, and an annual collection made by the Hospital Aid 
association. 




ANNA |A(IUES. 



In 1888, a training scho :)1 for nurses was established in con- 
nection with the hospital, and funds for its support were given 
by Mr. Henry B. Little, Mrs. Lucy (Moseley) Muzzey and 
others interested in the work. In 1889, a convenient and 
commodious building was erectetl, fitted up and furnished for a 
laundry, and presented to the hospital by Hon. Elisha P. Dodge. 
In October, 1896, a home for the nurses, connected with the 
training school, was completed, in memory of Mrs. Lucy (Mose- 
ley) Muzzey of Cambridge, and conveyed to the trustees of 
the corporation by Mr. Charles W. Moseley of Newburyport 
and Mr. Oliver H. Perry of Lowell, executors of her will. 



ANNA JAQUES HOSPITAL 



243 



Realizing that the old hospital, overcrowded and inconven- 
ient, must soon give place to a new one with all the modern 
improvements, Mr. William C. Todd' offered, March 5, 1901, 
to give fifty thousand dollars to pay the cost of erecting a suit- 




WILLIAM C. TODD. 

iMr. William C. Todd was born in Atkinson, N. H., February l6, 1S23. He 
was principal of the female high school in Newburyport from 1854 to 1864. In 
a letter to the directors of the Newburyport public library, dated March 26, 1870, 
he offered to pay the sum of three hundred dollars annually for the purchase of 
newspapers and magazines. His offer was accepted and the first free newspaper 
reading room in Europe or America was established in connection with the libra- 
ry in Newburyport. He subsequently created a trust fund of fifteen thousand 
dollars, the income to be expended in maintaining and supplying the reading room 
with the leading newspapers and periodicals of the day. 

^ In 1S07, Mr. Todd gave fifty thousand dollars, in trust, to the directors of the 
Boston public library, the income to be used for a similar purpose in connection 
with the library in Boston. For four years previous to that date he generously con- 
tributed two thousand dollars toward the cost of establishing and maintaining a 
newspaper reading room there and when its advantages were appreciated and 
acknowledged he provided the funds for its permanent support. Mr. Todd died 
in Atkinson, N. H., June 26, 1903, and was buried in a grave-yard near the cen- 
tre of that town. 

In his will, after the payment of certain bequests, he gave ten thousand dollars 
to the New England Historic-Genealogical Society, and the residue of his estate, 
amounting to two hundred thousand dollars, to Mount Holyoke college in South 
Hadley, Mass. 




I 



A'£IV ALMSHOUSE 245 

able brick building, on land to be conveyed to the trustees,, 
near the corner of High and Toppan streets, Newburyport. 
Subsequently, with the consent of Mr. Todd, abetter location 
on higher ground, was selected for the new hospital, and, in 
1902, over ten acres of land, on Highland avenue, on the south- 
westerly side of High street, near the head of Arlington street, 
was purchased and, in April, 1903, work on the new building 
was begun. It was completed and dedicated with appropriate 
exercises June 28, 1904. 

The land and hospital and other buildings connected there- 
with, including the expense of moving the nurses' house from 
Broad street, cost nearly one hundred thousand dollars. The 
operating room, not provided for in the original plan, was 
built at the suggestion of Frederick S. Moseley, Henry B. Lit- 
tle and others, who gave the money needed for that purpose, 
and Meyer S. Bernheimer of New York furnished the delicate 
and valuable surgical instruments and other appliances used 
to alleviate suffering and prolong human life. 

Hon. Elisha P. Dodge, one of the original incorporators of 
the Anna Jaques Hospital Association, was elected treasurer 
January i, 1899, and held that ofhce until his death, Septem- 
ber 30, 1902. During the last three years of his life he was 
much interested in hospital work, and managed the financial 
affairs of the association with great skill and ability. Under 
his care and supervision the plans for the new building were 
prepared and accepted, but he did not live to see the contracts 
awarded and the work begun. 

NEW ALMSHOUSE. 

Rev. William Horton, D. D., in his will, dated October 
twenty-second, and proved December 1 5, 1863, gave to the city 
of Newburyport, after the death of his wife and mother and 
the payment of certain bequests, one quarter part of the resi- 
due of his estate for the erection of a commodious almshouse, 
and the city received June 22, 1880, from the trustees under 
Mr. Horton's will, the sum of nineteen thousand, five hundred 
and eighty-nine dollars and twenty-two cents. In 1887, this 



YOUNG MENS CHRISTIAN ASSOCIATION 



'■41 



sum, with accrued interest, amounted to twenty-six thousand 
four hundred and two dollars and forty-three cents. Early in 
the spring of that year land on the corner of Low and North 
Atkinson streets was purchased, and during the following 
summer plans were prepared and the foundation of the new 
almshouse laid. The building, built of brick, was completed 
and occupied in July, 1888. The total cost of the property, 
including land, barn and outbuildings, was thirty-eight thou- 
sand, eight hudnred and thirty-six dollars and twenty-nine cents. 

A photographic view of the almshouse, from North Atkin- 
son street, is reproduced in the half-tone }:>rint on the opposite 
page. 

The old almshouse on Federal street was sold in 1888 to be 
taken down and removed. A portion of the land under and 
adjoining the same, was laid out for a highway and named 
Horton street, and the remainder was divided into house lots 
and sold at public auction in 1889. 

VOUNG men's christian ASSOCIATION. 

The Newburyport Young Men's Christian Association was 
organized in 1876. Sylvester B. Carter was its first president ; 
Edward L. Chute and Dudley D. Tilton, vice presidents ; 
George D. Morey, secretary ; Charles W. Pike, treasurer ; and 
John A. Maynard, auditor. At that date the association 
occupied rooms at No. 45 and later at No. 38 State street. 
In 1880, the second and third stories of the building on the 
northwesterly corner of Hale's court and Pleasant street were 
leased, and the association removed there. September i, 
1884, it was incorporated under the general laws of the com- 
monwealth of Massachusetts, and the following officers were 
chosen: Dr. Frank A. Hale, president ; Nathan D. Dodge and 
Alexander Dixon, vice presidents ; Charles F. Smith, recordmg 
secretary ; P'rank O. Woods, treasurer ; Charles E. Page, gen- 
eral secretary ; and Sylvester B. Carter, auditor. 

June 21, 1890, the corner-stone of the building on State 
street, at the corner of Harris street, was laid, the Right Rev- 
erend Thomas M. Clark, bishop of Rhode Island, delivering 



248 



HISTOR V OF NE WB UK YPOR T 



an address appropriate to the occasion in the meeting house of 
the Whitefield Congregational society. The building, erected 
by the family of the late George H. Corliss of Providence, R. 
I., was completed early in the following spring and dedicated 
April 17, 1 89 1. It is a substantial structure of brick and 
stone, conveniently located, and exceedingly attractive from an 
architectural point of view. As a memorial gift it commemo- 




YOUNG men's christian ASSOCIATION BUILDIN(5. 



rates the life and character of a distinguished friend of the 
association, and contributes to the moral growth and develop- 
ment of the young men of Newbury port. 

The officers of the association for the year beginning May 
12, 1905, are as follows : Dr. Alphonso B. Brown, president ; 
Charles A. Bliss and Paul A. Merrill, vice-presidents ; Frank 
O. Woods, treasurer; Thomas E. Medcalf, recording secre- 
tar\' ; and John 11. Wheeler, auditor. 



250 



HIS TOR Y OF NE \VB UR YPOR T 



lETTIES AT MOUTH OF THE MERRIMACK RU'ER. 



In November, 1879, Eben Moody Boynton, who was inter- 
ested with others, in the navigation of Merrimack river and 
the transportation of coal from Newburyport to Lawrence and 
Lowell, applied to the secretary of war at Washington for a 
preliminary survey of the mouth of the river for the purpose 
of ascertaining the cost of building jetties to increase the 
depth of water and prevent the accumulation of sand on the 
bar. 

\\\ March, 1880, Hon. George B. Loring, representative 
from the sixth Massachusetts district, brought the subject 
to the attention of congress, and a few days later Michael 
H. Simpson, Esq., a native of Newburyport, residing in Bos- 
ton, offered to contribute fifty thousand dollars toward the 
cost of building the jetties. Although this offer was not 
accepted, the committee to whom the subject was referred suc- 
ceeded in securing an appropriation, June 14, 1880, for the 
purpose of deepening the water on the bar, at the mcjuth of 
the river, according to plans prepared by Brigadier-General 
George Thom, lieutenant-colonel of engineers, in charge of the 
Eastern district. 

Li April, 1 88 1, the first load of rubble stone was dumped 
on the north jetty which is to be extended nearly half a mile 
in a southeasterly direction from Salisbury beach. The south 
jetty is to run, when completed, in a northeasterly direction 
from Plum island to within one thousand feet of the north jetty.' 

Each of these jetties is to be fifty feet wide at the base and 
fifteen feet wide at the top. They are to be built of rough 
stone, irregular in size and shape, and when completed wall be 
at least four feet above the surface of the water at high-tide. 

The work of construction has proceeded slowly, during the 
summer months, since 1 881, having been frequently interrupt- 
ed and delayed by the failure of congress to make the necessary 
appropriations. 

The half-tone prints on pages 249 and 251 show the pres- 
ent condition of the jetties, the way they are built, and the 
barges at work dumping stone into the sea. 

' Newburyport Herald, April 25, iSSi. 



CHAPTER VI. 

CHURCHES AND PASTORS. 

The bounds and limits of the Third parish in Newbury 
were estabHshed by the General Court December i8, 1725. 
A meeting house, however, had been erected on a triangular 
lot of land at the foot of Fish (now State) street, and dedi- 
cated June 25, 1725. On the twelfth day of January, 1725-6, 
,a church was organized and, seven days later, Rev. John 
Lowell was ordained pastor. 

The prominent facts and incidents connected with the his- 
tory of this church have been printed elsewhere and need not 
be repeated here." 

When the Third parish in Newbury, with some additional 
territory, was set off and incorp(.)rated as a separate town, by 
the name of Newburyport, the church under the pastoral care 
of Rev. John Lowell was within the limits of the new town, 
and since that date has been known as " The First Religious 
Society of Newburyport." 

Rev. Mr. Lowell died May 15, 1767, and Rev. Thomas 
Cary, who succeeded him, was ordained pastor May 11. 
1768.- He was the son of Samuel Cary of Charlestown, 
Mass., and married, in Newburyport, June — , 1775, Esther, 
daughter of Nathaniel Carter.' 

Li 1780, some alterations were made in the meeting house, 
for which additional land was needed. The inhabitants of 
Newburyport voted, on the ninth da)' of March, to grant the 
petition signed by Jonathan Jackson and others, "provided 

'" Ould Newbury," pp. 430-447; History of Newbury (Currier), pp. 377-378. 

-The First parish in Newbury voted, May S, 1768, to unite with the Fir.-t 
church in Newburyport in ordaining Rev. Mr. Cary, although theological differ- 
ences subsequently interrupted the friendly relations of the two churches. 

' Rev. Mr. Lowell's intention of marriage was filed with the town clerk of 
Newburyport May 6, 1775. The Essex Gazette, published in .Salem, announced 
his marriage June 8-15, 1775. 

(252) 



CHURCHES AND PASTORS 253 

the Porch intended to be iDuiU by them shall not exceed twelve 
feet in length for said meeting house."' 

In 1788, Rev. Mr. Gary, on account of serious illness, was 
obliged to ask for clerical assistance, and Re\'. John Andrews 
of Hingham was ordained associate pastor of the church on 
the tenth day of December of that year.' 

At that date, the inhabitants of Newbur)'port were taxed 
for the support and maintenance of public worshii), and the 
money raised was paid over to the se\eral religious societies 
according to the third article of the declaration of rights 
in the constitution of the state of Massachusetts, adopted in 
1780. 

February 22, 1794, "the members of the Religious Society 
whereof the Rev. Thomas Gary and John Andrews are minis- 
ters," were incorpcM^ated by the name of the P^irst Religious 
Society in Newburyport, and were authorized to choose as- 
sessors to appraise the jk'ws in the meeting house and levy a 
tax on the same for the support of the minister and other nec- 
essary charges.^ 

In 1794, an organ was purchased and set up in the gallery 
of the meeting house. On the fifth day of November, the 
following notice appeared in the editorial columns of the 
Morning Star, a newspaper published in Newburyport : — 

Tomorrow the elegant organ now erecting in the Meeting House of 
the First Society in this town will be completed : on which occasion a 
discourse will be delivered and several pieces of sacred music performed 
by one of the first organists in these parts. This organ (which is cer- 
tainh' the most elegant of any in New England) is about fifteen feet 
liigh, ten feet in breadth, and seven feet from front to rear ; was built by 
Dr. Josiah Leavitt, an ingenious organ builder of Boston, for whose ben- 
efit there will be a contribution after service is over, which is to begin at 
precisely half past two o'clock in the afternoon. 

' Newburyport Town Records, vol. I., p. 325. 

- Rev. John Tucker, pastor of the First Parish church in Newbury, represented 
that church at the ordination of Rev. John Andrews. 

The Essex Journal and New Hampshire Packet, a newspaper printed in New- 
buryport, published the following notice September 9, 17S9: " Married last even- 
ing, at Cambridge, the Rev. John Andrews, of this lown, to Miss Margaret Wig- 
glesworth, only daughter of Doctor Edward Wigglesworth, professor of divinity 
at Cambridge University." (American Antiquarian Society, Worcester, Mass.) 

^ Acts and Resolves, 1 793-1 794, ch. 44. 




MKIiTING HOUSE Ol 



, THE FIRST KEI.KUOUh SOCIETY, ERECTED 180I. 



CHURCHES AND PASTORS 



^55 



June 12, 1800, the members of the society were authorized 
to sell the old meeting" house and build a new one elsewhere.' 
A lot of land on Pleasant street was purchased and a com- 
mittee was appointed to superintend the erection of a new 
building. Services were held in the old meeting house, Sun- 
day, September 27, 1801, for the last time. Rev. John An- 
drews officiated in the morning and Rev. Thomas Gary in the 
afternoon.- The next day the steeple was taken down, the 
pulpit and pews removed, and a few days later the heavy tim- 
bers supporting the roof were cut away and the whole struc- 
ture fell to the ground. The land under and adjoining this 
house of public worship was purchased for eight thousand 
dollars, and now forms a part of Market square, the town of 
Nevvburyport paying forty-four hundred dollars and the own- 
ers of land in that vicinity contributing the balance. 

The new meeting house on Pleasant street was dedicated 
Thursday, October first. The exercises were interesting and 
attracted a large audience. Rev. John Andrews preached 
from the text: " Enter into his gates with thanksgiving and 
into his courts with praise : be thankful unto him and bless his 
name." Psalm, 0:4. A substantial dinner was provided for 
the visiting clergymen and invited guests. In the afternoon, 
P. A. Von Hagen, an organist of some celebrity, gave a con- 
cert of vocal and instrumental music that was attended by 
members of the society with their friends. 

Tradition asserts that Timothy Palmer, who built the Essex- 
Merrimack bridge in 1792, was the architect who drew the 
plans for this new edifice, but the fact cannot be established 
beyond a reasonable doubt. Ambrose Palmer and Daniel 
Spofford, under the firm-name of Palmer & Spofford, fur- 
nished lumber and labor for the building, but there is no evi- 
dence that Timothy Palmer was employed by them. 

The proprietors of the meeting hcnise voted, September 2 1 , 
1801, " to dispose of the old bell and purchase a new one," 
but this vote was subsequently reconsidered. The bell was 

1 Acts and Resolves, 1800-1S01, chs. 6 and 62. 
''Nevvburyport Herald, September 29, 1801. 



256 



HIS TOR Y OF NE WB UR YPOR T 



hung' in the belfry soon after that date, but in 1 8 19 it was re- 
placed by a new one cast by Revere & Son, Boston.' 

Rev. Thomas Cary died November 24, 1808. On the 
twenty-si.xth day of November, the members of the Merrimack 
Humane society, the preceptor and trustees of Dummer 
academy, and friends and relatives of the deceased, assembled 
at his dwelling house on High street and proceeded, in solemn 
procession, to the meeting house on Pleasant street, where 
funeral services were held, with music by a select choir, 
prayer by Rev. John Snelling Popkin of Newbury, and a ser- 
mon by Rev. John Andrews. The 
pall bearers were Rev. James Morss, 
Rev. Daniel Dana, Rev. John Giles, 
Rev. John S. Popkin, Rev. Charles 
W. Milton and Rev. Samuel Spring.' 
Rev. Mr. Cary was buried near the 
Pond street entrance of the Old Hill 
burying ground. 

Rev. John Andrews remained in 
charge of the society until May 5, 

1830, when, on account of ill health 
and bodily infirmities, he resigned his 
pastoral cares. Since that date, the 
following-named i')ersons have been 
settled jmstors of the church and 
society : — 

Rev. Thomas B. Vox, from Augu.st 3, 

1831, to April T, 1S46. 
Rev. Thoma.s W. Higginson, from Sep- 
tember 12, 1S47, to September 16, 1849, 

Rev. Charles J. Bo wen, from November 
29, 1850, to June 10, 1853. 

Rev. Artemus B. Muzzey, from September 
3, 1857, to November i, 1864. 

Rev. Joseph May, from July 21, 1868, to 
December 15, 1875. steeple, iSoi. 

' The weathercock on the spire, one hundred and fifty-nine feet (rem the ground, 
was taken from the old meeting house in Market square and placed in its present 
position in iSoi. Newhuryport Herald, July 12, 1839. 

^Newburyport Herald, November 25, 1808 ; New England Historical and Gene- 
alogical Register, January, 1854. 




ST. PAUL'S CHURCH 



257 



Rev. George L. Slowell, from April 12, 1877, to September 8, 1879. 
Rev. Daniel W. Morehouse, from April 8, 18S1, to December 5, 1887. 
Rev. Samuel C. Beane, from April 14, i88,S, to May 15, 1905. 

For further details relating to this church and society the 
reader is referred to the report of the one hundred and fiftieth 
anniversary of its organization, October 20, 1875 ; the histor- 
ical address delivered on that occasion by Amos Noyes, Esq.; 
and the ]xamphlet containing the address of Nathan N. With- 
ington, Esq., October 31, 1901, on the one hundreth anni- 
versary of the dedication of the meeting house. 

ST. Paul's church. 

The early history of Queen Anne's chapel, erected in 171 1, 
and St. Paul's church, erected in 1739, forms a part of the 
history of the town of Newbury.' When Newburyport was 
incorporated, in 1764, Rev. Edward Bass had been for more 
than ten years minister in charge of the chapel and church. 
At the beginning of the Revolutionary war, Mr. Bass was 
placed in an embarrassing position by his oath of allegiance 
to the king and to the church. In answer to the request of 
his wardens and vestrymen to omit from the service pre- 
scribed by the Prayer book "all prayers, collects or suffrages 
which relate to the king, royal family, or government of 
Great Britain " he replied as follows : — 

July if'i, 1776. 
Gen'TLK.mi-:x : — As it is your opinion that it is necessary to the exist- 
ence of the church in this place, that all prayers in our liturgy relative to 
the king and royal family and British government be omitted, and there- 
fore request me to omit those prayers in my future ministrations, I think 
it incumbent on me, for so important an end, to comply with this request 
during the present state of our political affairs ; and remain with great 
esteem and affection, yours to serve in every reasonable respect. 

Edward Bass. 

Objectionable words and phrases in the Prayer book were 
erased as shown in the half-tone print on the following page. 

' History of Newbury (Currier), pp. 369-377: " Ould Newbury," pp. 368-390, 
and 396-419; Life and Times of Edward Bass, by Rev. Daniel D. Addison. 



258 



HISTORY OF NEWBURYPORT 



Without attempting to control or influence the political 
opinions of his parishioners, Mr. Bass remained at his post all 
through the war, holding services on Sundays and on other 
days appointed by congress for fasting and prayer, although 
many Episcopal ministers in Massachusetts deserted their par- 
ishes and fled to England or to the Province of Nova Scotia.' 

At the close of the war, 
aTTNations. 
pray for the 
CatholickC 

MOST gracious God, we be fo guide 
hy.Sik]y.^ifech the^ as thy good S 
profefs 



^-wi/^^erpeciall 



f A Trayer for the High fSdt4rt of 
'Parliament, to be read during their 
Sejffion. 

OST gracious God, we 

." imbw,,^|pech the^ as 

for this W^mm'vci general, lb 
iaily for the*: 



jLu»w<ityx^ii4f%«m»nimiYp 



<»*• this time aiTembled ; That thou 
wouldeft be pleafed to dired 
and profper all their Confulta- 
tions to the advancement of 
thy Glory, the good of thy 
Church, the rafety.^ogour, 
-nd welfare, of mawfaM^ugig a 



l^^i>ll^lw^w^^^;i la ^l^ ; that all 
things may be fo ordered and 
fettled by their endeavours, 
upon the beft and fureft foun- 
dations, that peace and happi- 
nefs, truth and juftice, religion 
and piety, may be eftablilhed 
among us for all generations. 
Thefe, and all other necefla- 
rics, for them, for us, and thy 
whole Church, we humbly beg 
in the Name and mediation of 
Jefus Chrift, our moft blefled 
Lord and Saviour. Amen. 

% A Colka, or Trayer for rill Con- 
ditions of Men, to be ujed at fncb 
Times when the Litany is not ap- 
pointed tobe [aid. 



anc 
thriftians, i 
wayoftrud 
in unity of 
of^ peace, at 
of life. Fin 
to thy FatI 
thole who a 
ed or diflrel 
or eftate[*< 
thofe for zv 
prayers are 
that it ma^ 
thee to CO) 
them accon 
ral neceflltie 
tience undo 
and a happ 
their affliai 
beg for Jej^ 
Amen. 

f A 'Prayer, fi 
any oj 

OGod, 
propert 
mercy and c 
our humbles 
though we K 

1. ;rK fka^eW 



ERASURES IN PRAYER BOOK. 



the Episcopal church in 
the United States was 
thoroughly disorganized. 
Repeated attempts were 
made to secure the con- 
secration of a bishop and 
establish by ecclesiastical 
law the rights and priv- 
ileges of the clergy and 
the laity. At a conven- 
tion of clerical and lay 
deputies, held in Salem, 
October fifth and sixth, 
1 790, to consider the 
disorganized condition of 
the church and devise a 
plan for uniting the scat- 
tered parishes in New 
England, Rev. Edward 
Bass was chosen presi- 
dent, and Dudley Atkins 
Tyng, secretary. " An 
Ecclesiastical Constitu- 
tion for the Government 



'Rev. Winwood Serjeant was minister of the church at Cambridge, in 1775, 
when that building was seized and turned into barracks for the colonial troops. 
In order to escape persecution and perhaps imjirisonment, Mr. Serjeant fled from 
the parish and may have been concealed for a short time in Newburyport. Edward 
Bass, in a letter to the secretary of the Society for the Propagation of the Gospel in 
Foreign Parts, wrote as follows: — 

" Newburyport, January 9, 1784. 
"... When the late Mr. Serjeant of Cambridge fled from his dwelling with 
such effects as he could carry with him, Cudworth's system, part of the society's 
library, fell into my hands where it now remains. It shall be disposed of accord- 
ing to the society's directions." 



ST. PAUUS CHURCH 259 

of the Episcopal Churches in this Commonwealth and such 
other churches as may be Admitted and Accede to the same" 
was prepared by a committee appointed for that purpose, and 
subsequently adopted at a convention, held in Boston in Jan- 
uary, 1 79 1, at which the Episcopal churches in Massachusetts, 
New Hampshire and Rhode Island were represented. 

The half-tone print on the next i^age, reproduced from a 
broadside, printed in Newburyport by John Mycall, now in the 
possession of the American Antiquarian Society, Worcester, 
Mass., gives the facts substantially as stated above. 

The members of the religious society " whereof the Rev^ 
Edward Bass is minister," and the members of other religious 
societies in Newburyport, were authorized by an act of the 
General Court, passed February 22, 1794, to raise money by 
taxing the owners or occupants of pews for the support and 
maintenance of public worship.' 

Several years previous to that date Rev. Edward Bass had 
been elected bishop of New Hampshire and Massachusetts, at 
a convention of Episcopal clergymen held in Salem, but objec- 
tions were made to his consecration and it was found necessary 
to re-elect him at a convention of clerical and lay deputies held 
in Boston May 24, 1796. He was consecrated May 7, 1797, 
in Christ church, Philadelphia, by Right Reverend William 
White, D. D., of Pennsylvania, Bishop Provoost of New York 
and Bishop Clagett of Maryland assisting. " The diocese 
over which the bishop presided was extensive territorially, but 
not strong in the number oi its i)arishes. It included Massa- 
chusetts and Rhode Island and New Hampshire, though his 
jurisdiction over the last named was not formally recognized 
until August, 1803."- 

As Rector of St. Paul's church, as well as bishop, he was 
highly esteemed and added to the number of his friends in the 
parish as well as in the diocese. Money was raised to build a 
new church and January 25, 1800, the General Court author- 
ized " The Proprietors of the P^piscopal Church in Newbury- 
port " to appoint an agent to sell and remove the old church 

' Acts and Resolves, 1 793-1794, ch. 44. 

- Life and Times of Edward Bass (Addison), p. 321. 



5 At a CONVENTION of Clergy] and L./vv-DF.p'uTi.s of t'-c Pro- 
tellant Epifcopal Churches hereaftjjr named, lioldrii at Sal'-M, in tPiC 
County of Esskx, and Conimonl-wTalth ',;f M,\SSAC-^"J^-SE1"TS, 

*y ^ Od:obcr the fifth and fixth, 1790, \iz. St. Az/v/'j (^hurc's Newbury- 
PQR:r, C/'/7/?-CA//rr/7, Boston, St. Tbonias' (>huix^h, Taunton, St. 
AudrevSs Church, Scituate, i /v;//// Ch!]rch,~7vlARSH field, St. 
Peters Church, Salem, rrijuty (Jhurc-i, B(.>sion, St. Micbaets 
Church, MARBLEi^-AD, in the Common-wealth of MASSACHU- 
SETTS, and ^.LL'/fsCbajhi^ Poptsmouth, m tlie State of NEW- 
HAMPSHIRE. ^ 



y; n.n, d 



al ( 



rna-ority l!-.aU nol I 

boly, bii; m.ill V',-, 

i\er5 fh'.U he nccclT 

4. l-.ich Co-:; 

.-.-.,; r.o Dr-Kv fr .! 



Convention, anti li.i 
oH^ce. 

7. 9-xr.:-..-K.: 

"TmiJ Ai i'l, R:(i M- 

i Iverv 1-iv I 

V!-n::<.n, pto.'ucf a I 

of die Ciiurch -•.-:;.-■<• 

9. The Cler;»" 

.rtiersof B.n...;.;, I 



ID. No Bilhojj fViali c. ■,! Iji ti. 






AT the fiid CoincniKiv, ■ ' ': 
fcvcral Protcflant Ej.ircop.,' j 
hereby is KecoMinicrulcd lu - % 
pucies, to afrcmblc in ConvLiiiioii, ;. i)L [i }'■'*■'' 
faid Deputies be autliori/(.xl, in hchalt "I il..n v:;*!!..!! ., to ,. 
who Ihail be thtn coQvcucd, to Eflablilh iIil i-no ■ i^c fKum- 1; 

i 

^r/ry?. DUDLEY ATKINS TYNG. Secretary. V 


. :; \,..anuJ\. , 




EDWARD BASS, 


PrefidcnU 




1 


PRINTED EY JOIlK MY'CALL IN 


NEWBURYPORT. 




^, \ -■ 










I 



S7. PAWS CHURCH 261 

and build a new one on or near the same spot. A contract 
was made with Stephen Topjjan to furnish the materials and 
erect the new l)uilding". The corner-stone was laid with Ma- 
senic ceremonies on the twenty-second day of May," and the 
church was completed and consecrated on the eighth day of 
October following. The reredos, organ and bell, taken from 
the old church, were set up in the new one, and a bishop's 
mitre, carved in wood, was placed above the bell tower to 
indicate that the new edifice was a cathedral. The 
Newburyport Herald announced, November 17, 1801, that 
Philip Kent, a member of the Washington Light Infantry 
company, having died, a memorial service was held " at St. 
Paul's Cathedral," on Sunday, the fifteenth day of November 
at which a discourse, appropriate to the occasion, was delivered 
by the Right Reverend Bishop Bass.- 

While the church was being built, in 1800, Timothy Dexter 
gave the proprietors one hundred ]:)Ounds, equivalent in cur- 
rency, at that date, to three hundred and thirty-three dollars 
and thirty-three cents, to be expended in purchasing a new 
bell, but with the consent of the donor the money was used 
for other purposes. ^ The old bell was hung in the new bel- 
fry, where it remained for ten years.-* It was cracked, Decem- 
ber 23, 1 8 10, while being rung for evening service, and was 
replaced, February 14, 181 1, by a new one, cast, in 1809, by 
Revere & Son of Boston. This bell met with a similar mis- 
hap. It was rung for the last time October i, 1899, and, sub- 

' Newburyport Herald, May 27 and 30, 1800. 

'-'On the twenty-fifth day of June, 1801, Thomas Gary, Jr., dehvered an address 
Ijefore the members of St. Peter's Lodge of Free and Accepted Masons which was 
subsequently published in answer to the following request: ''Voted, unanimously, 
that Jonathan Gage, P. M., Samuel A. Otis, P. M., andGharles Jackson, P. M., be 
a committee to present the thanks of St. Peter's Lodge to our Brother Thomas 
Gary, P. M,, for the oration delivered this Day at St. Paul's Gathedral and to 
request a copy for the Press. Abraham Perkins, Secretary." 

■* The following notice painted on glass and suitably framed hangs in the choir 
room of the parish house : — 

" MK. TIMOTHY DEXTER 

Generously gave the sum of #333.33 

Towards the Finishing and Ornamenting of this church." 

■•This l)ell was probably purchased for St. Paul's church in 1746. In the account 

of expenditures for that year is the following item: '' Gash paid Poor for hauling 

the Ikll " and the next year Thomas Smith was paid £12, iS.f. for " work on the 

Bell." 



ST. PAUL'S CHURCH 



263 



seqiiently was placed in an alcove prepared for it in the tower 
of the church. 

A new bell, from the foundry of Meneneely & Co., West 
Troy, N. Y., bearing the following inscription : " To the glory 
of God and in loving memory of the Rev. James Morss, D. D., 
Rector of St. Paul's Church, Newburyport, Mass., 1803-1842. 
Christmas, 1899," was purchased and hung in the belfry. It 
was rung for the first time the first Sunday after Epiphany, 1 900. 

The first organ brought to the town of Newbury was set up 
in St. Paul's church in 1756, eight years previous to the incor- 
poration of Newburyi^ort. It was imported from England by 
Thomas Brattle, and at his death became the property of 
King's chapel, Boston. The organ was used at the services 
held in St. Paul's church until 1836, when it was sold and 
removed to St. John's church, Portsmouth, N. H., and a new 
one purchased, which occupied a conspicuous place in the 
front gallery until the summer of 1866. A larger instrument 
from the manufac- 
tory of S. S. Ham- 
ill, East Cambridge, 
was completed in 
December of that 
year and set up on 
the floor of the 
church on the 
northwesterly side 
of the chancel. In 
February, this or- 
gan was sold and a 
new one purchased, 
at an expense of six 
thousand dollars, 
from the Austin 
Organ Company of 
Hartford, Conn. 

A marble tablet, 
a sterling silver 
communion service. 



^H 






,>. Or s| i-;.\r- .,KVlv. JrP 


' 'v:i!ViiYi'OKr>MASs« Ih 




l-lvOM HI 


• 


V'YMvi ' ■ -Bra 




m 

m 



.^ 



»»£^ 






TABLET TO BISHOP BASS. 



264 ^^^S TOR Y OF NE IV B UR ) TOR 7 

and the clock now in the tower of the chuixh, were purchased 
by a committee appointed to expend the sum of twenty-five hun- 
dred dollars becjueathed to the proprietors of St. Paul's church 
by John O. A. Williams of Boston, in his will, proved January 
31, 1887.' 

Since that date, a reading desk, altar cloths, and other gifts 
in brass and bronze, have been presented to the church, and 
recently Frederick S. Moseley, Esq., has added a new chande- 
lier, choir stalls and pulpit to these memorial gifts. 

The stone chapel, in the church yard, on the northwesterly 
side of the church, was erected in 1862, by Rev. William 
Horton, D. D., in memory of his daughter Anna M. Horton, 
who died in 1857. I^ was consecrated May 27, 1863, by the 
Right Reverend Manton Eastburn, D.D. 

Christ chapel, built by Daniel W. Piper, in 1886, on land 
owned by him on Merrimack street, near New street, was con- 
veyed, P'ebruary i, 1904, to the proprietors of St. Paul's church, 
to be used for religious purposes only.- Services are held 
there at the usual hoiu's on Sundays and holy days throughout 
the year. 

Rev. Matthias Plant, minister at Queen Anne's chapel, had 
charge of St. Paul's church from its organization in 1740 to 
his death, April 2, 1753. Since that date the ministers have 
been as follows : — 

Rev. Edward Bass, from April 2, 1753, to September 10, 1803.3 
Rev. James Morss, from October 19, 1803, to April 26, 1842. 
Rev. John S. Davenport, from December, 1S43, to Nov. 12, 1844. 
Rev. Edward A. Washburn, from October g, 1845 to August 3, 1851.4 
Rev. William Horton, from September i, 1853, to October 29, 1863. 
Rev. John C. White, from October 29, 1863, to April 18, 1870.5 

' The testator provided in his will that the tablet should be suitably inscrijjed to 
the memory of the Right Reverend Edward Bass, D. D., and that the communion 
service should be used on Sundays and holy days in memory of his honored parents, 
" Abraham and Ann Williams who for many years worshipped in said church." 

■-'Essex Deeds, book 1731, p. 221. 

^ Mr. Bass was associate-minister from Noveml)er, 1752, until Mr. Plant's death. 

'' Mr. Washburn officiated as rector from March, 1845, but was not ordained 
until October ninth. 

'' Mr. White was an assistant minister in St. Paul's church from January 19, 
1863, until Rev. Mr. Ilorton's death, Oct. 29, 1863. 



FIRST PRESBYTERIAN CHURCH AND SOCIETY 265 

Rev. George D. Johnson, from November i, 1870, to October 5, 1875. 
Rev. Edward L. Drown, from May 3, 1876, to December 20, 1883. 
Rev. James H. Van Buren, from November 20, 1884, to July i, 1890. 
Rev. William C. Richardson, from September 15, i8go, to July i, 1897. 
Rev. Arthur H. Wright, from March 5, 1899. 

The onc-hmidrcdth anniversary of the consecration of Rev. 
Edward Bass, bishop of Massachusetts, was celebrated in 
Trinity church, Boston, May 7, 1897, and in St. Patil's church, 
Newburyport, Satiuxlay and Sunday, May eighth and ninth, 

1897. 

It is a noteworthy fact that the Right Reverend Edward 
Bass, first bishop of Massachusetts, Right Reverend James 
H. Van Buren, first bishop of Porto Rico, and the Right Rev- 
erend Thomas M. Clark, for nearly fifty years bisht^p of Rhode 
Island and four years presiding bishop of the Protestant Epis- 
copal church in America, were closely indentified with St. 
Paul's church and the parish of which it forms a part, — the 
oldest organized parish now subject to the Episcopal form of 
church government in the diocese of Massachusetts. 

FIRST PRESBYTERIAN CHURCH AND SOCIETY. 

In 1742, a small house of worship was erected on the east- 
erly side of High street, near the southeasterly corner of King 
street, in Newbury, and in 1746 a few individuals residing in 
that vicinity organized a chiuxh and elected Rev. Jonathan 
Parsons of Lyme, Conn., pastor. September 15, 1748, the 
members of the newly organized church voted to unite with 
the presbytery of Boston, and establish in Newbury, a relig- 
ious society " after the manner of the Kirk of Scotland." In 
the month of October following, they petitioned the General 
Court for relief from taxes imposed upon them for the support 
of public worship elsewhere. The prayer of the petitioners 
was not granted, and several unsuccessful attempts were made, 
during the ne.xt ten or fifteen years, to amend or repeal the 
law relating to the taxation of property for religious purposes. 
Although the desired legislation was delayed for many years, 
the First Presbyterian society continued to thrive. 

In 1756, a committee was appointed to purchase land and 



2 66 ^^S TOR Y OF NE WB UR YPOR T 

build a new meeting house, on the corner of King and School 
streets, and when a part of Newbury was set off and a new 
town incorporated, in 1 764, the land on which the new meet- 
ing house had been erected was within the limits of Newbury- 
port. " An act to impower the proprietors of the meeting 
house in the town of Newburyport where the Reverend Mr. 
Jonathan Parsons officiates to raise money to defray minis- 
terial and other charges " was passed by the General Court 
June sixth and approved by the governor June 14, 1764.' 

Rev. George Whitefield, the famous evangelist, died Sep- 
tember 30, 1770, in a house on School street owned and occu- 
pied by Rev. Jonathan Parsons. He was buried in a crypt, or 
tomb, built of brick, under the pulpit of the meeting house 
where Rev. Mr. Parsons officiated. Many visitors were 
allowed to descend into the crypt and gaze upon the mortal 
remains of the eloquent preacher. Previous to the remodel- 
ling of the meeting house in 1829 the large bone of White- 
field's right arm m}'steriously disappeared. It was carried to 
P^ngland where it remained for many years, but was returned 
in September, 1849.- 

In 1772, Rev. Jonathan Parsons was seriously ill, and re- 
mained an invalid until his death, July 19, 1776, although he 
occasionally preached during the last two years of his life. 
He was succeeded by Rev. John Murray, who was installed 
pastor June 4, 1781. Mr. Murray was a popular preacher 
and a brilliant orator. Rev. William Bentley, of Salem, Mass., 
a Congregational clergyman, wrote in his diary that he went, 
Monday, April 30, 1787, from Salem to Newburyport in a 
chaise. The next day he wrote as follows : — 

Tuesday, [May i] was the quarterly Fast at the Presbyterian Church. 
The rigid doctrines of the confession were pleaded by Mr. Murray in the 
moming, but rendered tolerable by the uncommon eloquence of Mr. M. 
who exceeds in delivery all his contemporaries of New England. He 
stands low and appears to speak from the memory, but really has his 
notes before him. In prayer he lifts his hands and sometimes applies 

' Mass. Archives (Court Records), vol. 25, pp. 33, 103, 108, 223 and 227. 

2 Rev. Jonathan F. Stearns announced in the Newljuryport Herald, Oct. 2, 1S49, 
that the missinj^ bone had been returned with a letter stating facts that established 
its identity beyond a reasonable doubt. 



FIRST PRESBYTERIAN CHURCH AND SOCIETY 267 

them to the breast but uses no other gesture. In his sermon he is not in 
the least affected in his manner ; he triumphs over his audience and sup- 
ports attention for three hours. ... I dined on Wednesday with Mr. 
Murray. His affabihty is engaging. He is agreeable in spite of his 
doctrines.' 

Rev. Mr. Murray died March 13, 1793, and on the twenty- 
second day of rYdjruary, 1794, the members of the rehgious 
society, " whereof the ReV^^ John Murray deceased was late 
Minister," was incorporated by the name of "The Presbyte- 
rian Society in Newburyport " and authorized to choose asses- 
sors and tax the owners or occupants of pews for the support 
of pubUc worship.- 

On the nineteenth day of November following, Rev. Daniel 
Dana was installed pastor. Many persons, dissatisfied with his 
theological views, left the society and organized a new one 
which was afterwards incorporated by the name of the Second 
Presbyterian Society in Newbmyport. 

June 14, 18 1 5, the pastor, deacons and elders of the P"irst 
Presbyterian church were incorporated and authorized to hold 
real or personal estate and sell the same at their pleasure.^ 

In 18 19, the church voted to purchase and set up in the 
meeting house two large stoves at a cost not exceeding one 
hundred dollars. In 1829, the old galleries and pews were 
removed and other alterations made. A new pulpit, with a 
new brick crypt under it, enclosing" the remains of Rev. 
George Whitefield, the evangelist. Rev. Jonathan Parsons, the 
the first pastor of the church, and Rev. Joseph Prince, an 
intimate friend of Whitefield and Parsons, was built on the 
southerly side of the meeting house to take the place of the 
old pulpit that stood on the easterly side. A cenotaph, de- 
signed by Strickland and cut in marble by Strothers of Phila- 
delphia, was erected under the eastern gallery, by William 
Bartlett, Esq., of Newburyport " to the memory of the Rev. 
George Whitefield."-* 

' Diary of William Bentley, in the possession of the American Antiquarian 
Society, Worcester, vol. X., p. 159. Typewritten copy of this manuscript diary 
in Essex Institute, Salem, Mass., vol. I., p. 114. 

2 Acts and Resolves, 1793-1794, ch. 44. 

3 Acts and Resolves, 181 5- 181 6, ch. 14. 
■* Newburyport Herald, July 31, 1829. 



268 



HIS TOR y OF NEWBUR\ 'FOR T 



Although the meeting house was built in 1756, the steeple 
was not completed until 1759. The first bell was probably 
hung in the belfry in 1785 ; the second, cast by Revere & Son, 
Boston, in 1802, was purchased in 1803, and still rings loud 
and clear for Sunday morning service or week-day meetings 
for conference and prayer. 




w « w 1* 




FIRST PRESBYTERIAN MEETING HOUSE IN 1829. 

In 1785, or soon after that date, a clock with three hex- 
agonal dials, each dial having an hour hand in the form of an 
arrow, but no minute hand, was purchased and set up in a 
room provided for it in the steeple, just below the belfry. In 
1848, when repairs were being made on the meeting house, 




I'-IRST 1M<ESBYTEKIAN MEETIN, 



:t§^^ 



G HOUSE; 1905. 



270 



HIS TOR V OF NE WB UR YPOR T 



the steeple was found to be unsafe. The bell and clock were 
removed and a number of horses, oxen, men and boys, with 
ropes and blocks, were employed to pull the steeple down. It 
fell to the ground with a loud crash.' A new steeple was 
built. The old bell was hung in the new belfry, and the old 
clock had a new room provided for it in the tower. In 1895, 
the clock was replaced by a new one, presented to the society 
by Ur. Daniel T. Plumcr and Misses Jane, Maria, and Mehita- 
blc T. Plumer, in memory of their brother, Albert Plumer, 
who died October 14, 1894. 

Rev. Joseph Adams of Byfield parish, Newbury, a graduate 
of Harvard college preached for two or three years in the 
meeting house erected in 1742, on High street, near the cor- 
ner of King (now Federal) street. He labored earnestly and 
faithfully to organize an independent church and society, but 
failed to receive the full confidence and support of the congre- 
gation to whom he ministered. 

November 25, 1745, more than one hundred members of 
the First Parish church signed an agreement to withdraw from 
communion with that church and unite with the unorganized 
society in extending a call to Rev. Jonathan Parsons, of Lyme, 
Conn., to become their pastor. On the third day of January, 
1745-6, a new church was formed, and three months later six 
ruling elders were chosen. - 

Since that date, the ministers of the P"irst Presbyterian 
church and society in Newburyport have been as follows : — 

Rev. Jonathan Parsons, from March 19, 174''), to July 19, 1776. 

Rev. John Murray, from June 4, i 781, to March 13, 1793. 

Rev. Daniel Dana, from December 19, 1794, to November 19, 1820. 

Rev. Samuel P. Williams, from February 8, 1821, to Dec. 23, 1826. 

Rev. John Proudfit, from October 4, 1827, to January 24, 1833. 

Rev. Jonathan F. Stearns, from October 16, 1835, to October 14, 1849. 

Rev. Ashbel G. Vermilye, from May 1, 1850, to April 14, 1863. 

Rev. Richard H. Richardson, from April 24, 1S64, to October 28, 1868. 

Rev. Charles S. Durfee, from September 8, 1869, to July 29, 1872. 

'Newburyport Herald, July ii, 1848. 

■■^ For further details in regard to the organization of this church see " Quid 
Newbury," pp. 508-525; History of Newbury (Currier), pp. 381-384; Origin and 
Annals of the First I'resliyterian Church (Ilovey), pp. 20-40. 



JVORTH CONGREGATfONAL CIIUKCH AND SOCIETY 27! 

Rev. William W. Newell, Jr., from May 7, 1S74, to June 30, 1880. 
Rev. Charles C. Wallace, from May 3, 18S1, to October 3, 1888. 
Rev. Brevard D. Sinclair, from May i, i88g, to November 21, 1892. 
Rev. Horace C. Hovey, from May 9, 1893. 

NORTH CONGREGATIONAL CHURCH AND SOCIETY. 

After the death of Rev. John Lowell, May 15, 1767, the 
members of the Thirst Religious society, unable to agree u}ion 
a minister to succeed him, considered it advisable to divide the 
society and form two separate churches. 

At a town meeting" held December 17, 1767, Cutting Moody, 
Samuel Greenleaf, Jonathan Bradbury, Richard Smith, Ed- 
mund Bartlet and George Burroughs presented the following- 
petition, which was promptly granted : — 

Whereas a number of the Inhabitants of this town have invited Mr. 
Marsh' here to preach to them for a season & have no suitable Place 
provided to carry on publick worship in : The}- would ask the Favour 
of the Town to give Leave for their meeting in the Town House for 
that purpose untill they can be otherwise accommodated.- 

The town house was a two story wooden building on the 
corner of Essex and Eish (now State) streets. It was also used 
as a court house, and, December 29, 1767, Edmund Bartlet, 
Cutting Moody, Cutting Bartlet, Obadiah Horton, Abel Mer- 
rill, and others, " part of the congregation under the pastoral 
care of the late Rev. John Lowell," applied to the comt of 
general sessions for liberty to use the court room for ]:)ublic 
worship, which was granted, the petitioners agreeing to leave 
it in good order. ^ 

January 10, 1768, the Eirst Religious society " voted to 
divide the church, and, also, " that the church plate and 
stock be divided." 

On the fourth day of March following, the friends of Rev. 
Christopher B. Marsh, with the assistance of Rev. Oliver Noble 
of Newbury, organized a church, adopted a covenant and con- 

' Rev. Christopher Bridge Marsh of Cambridge, Mass. 

^ Newburyport Town Records, vol. I., p. 117. 

•' Records of the Court of General Sessions (1767), p. 141. 



272 



HIS TOR Y OF NE WB UR YPOR T 



fession of faith, and appointed a committee to receive the 
church plate. 

April 6, 1 768, Enoch Titcomb sold to Abel Merrill, Edmund 
Bartlet, Ichabod Woodman and Obadiah Horton, " a committee 
appointed to build a meeting house," land on a private way, 
one and a half rods wide, now Titcomb street, that the grantor 
agreed to lay down and keep open to Merrimack street,' and 
on the eleventh day of April the church and society gave 
Rev. Mr. Marsh " a call to the Gospel ministry among them," 
which for some reason unknown he did not consider it advisa- 
ble to accept. 

During the summer following, a meeting house was erected 
on the land purchased as above stated. It was built of wood, 
with a steeple, and faced the river. It was completed and dedi- 
cated in September. 

October 4, 1768, the church and society again invited Rev. 
Mr. Marsh to become their pastor, and on the nineteenth day 
of October he was ordained in the new meeting house. 

The following notice was published in the Essex Gazette, 
October 18-25, 1768: — ^ 

We hear from Newbury Port, that on Wednefday laft the Rev. Chris- 
topher Bridge Marsh was ordained Paftor of a Church and Society, late- 
ly formed there, being Part of the Congregation formerly under the paf- 
toral Care of the Rev. Mr. Lowell, deceafed. The Rev. Mr. Noble, of 
Newbury, made the firft Prayer; the Rev. Mr. Wibird, of Braintree, 
preached ; the Rev. Mr. Chandler, of New Rowley, gave the Charge ; the 
Rev. Dr. Langdon, of Portfmouth, gave the Right Hand of f'ellowfhip ; 
and the Rev. Mr. M'Clintock, of Greenland, made the laft Prayer. 

Rev. Mr. Marsh died December 3, 1773, and was biu'ied in 
the Old Hill burying ground. A monument, suitably inscribed, 
was erected to his memory ; but it has been neglected, and 
needs to be reset and relettered.^ 

For nearly three years and a half after the death of Rev. Mr. 
Marsh the society was without a pastor. On Sunday, Septem- 

1 Essex Deeds, book 130, leaf 262. 
' Essex Institute, Salem, Mass. 

■'See Coffin's History of Newbury, p. 385, for the inscription on the monu- 
ment to Rev. Mr. Marsh. 



NORTH CONGREGATIONAL CHURCH AND SOCIETY 



273 



bei" 17, 1775, Rev. Samuel Spring, chaplain of the expedition 
under the command of Col. Benedict Arnold, then encamped 
in Newbury port, preached to a large congregation assembled 
in the First Presbyterian meeting house on King (now Feder- 
al) street. 

Six or eight months later, while Mr. Spring was still in the 
army, he was invited to sui^ply the pulpit made vacant by the 
death of Mr. Marsh. He replied as follows: — 

TlCOXDEKOGA, August 2, 1776. 

. . . The situation of things is such with me at present, that I cannot com- 
ply with your kind invitation, neither can I think it is proper or consistent 
at this time so far to encourage a visit after this campaign is conckided, 
as that your people might expect it. My business is now in the army, 
and it will be some months before the time will be completed for which I 
am engaged ; so that it must be duty, considering the situation of the so- 
ciety and my own, to decline the matter at present. What Providence 
may bring into view hereafter, I hope I shall have wisdom and a heart 
properly to attend to. 

In the month of October following, the society again invited 
Rev. Mr. Spring to preach as a candidate, and April i, 1777, 
they united with the church in calling him to the work of the 
ministry among them. He accepted the call, and was ordained 
August 6, 1777. 

He was a strong and vigorous preacher ; firm and self-reli- 
ant. . His theological views were somewhat gloomy and aus- 
tere, but he was earnest and eloquent in defending the doc- 
trines of the Christian faith as he understood them.' He was 
bitterly opposed to the half-way covenant, and, through his 
influence, it was abolished soon after his settlement in New- 
bury port. 

Many of his parishioners, dissatisfied with his Calvinistic 
views, declined to come to communion. Nathaniel Pierce who 
had neglected that service for nearly five years, was cited to 

' John Quincy Adams, a student-at-law, in the office of Theophilus Parsons, in 
1787, frequently attended public worship in the Old North meeting house, and 
although he was not pleased with the theological views of Rev. Mr. Spring he 
evidently found his sermons interesting. " His deliveiy is very agreeable; there 
is an earnestness and solemnity in his manner which I wish I could find in preach- 
ers wfiose doctrines are more conformable to my ideas of truth." Life in a New 
England Town: Diary of John Quincy Adams (1903), p. 105. 



274 



HISTORY OF NEiVBVRYPORT 



appear at a church meeting to be held October 28, 1783. 
He attended and replied, in answer to the charge brought 
against him, that a person might under certain circumstances 
innocently neglect the table of the Lord for years together. 
He also asserted that the church was arbitrary and tyrannical, 
following the example of Great Britain in her treatment of 
America : " As the United States have renounced the au- 
thority of Great Britain and declared themselves independent 
so I now, renounce the discipline of this church and view 
myself no more subject to it than to any other church in the 
neighborhood." He then left the room and could not be per- 



r- ■ ":"'"" ; " """ 


- '■.''. .v.^^.'^iv^y^/ 


* , X , , 




:, '^- . - -' 


/•t^,,- .vv . » j^.y^.^^*-:^''-^^ 


^■j.. •' ' '''\* • ' ■ 


. ,i/A ^ «/^^'^" • 







ORDER WRITTEN BY REV. SAMUEL SPRING. 

suaded to return. He was notified, on the eleventh day of 
November following, that the church could hold no further 
communion or fellowship with him, and after that date his 
name is not mentioned in the records. 

Rev. Mr. Spring's salary for the first year was one hundred 
and forty pounds ; for the second year four hundred and forty 
pounds ; for the third year twenty-four hundred pounds ; and 
for the fourth year, owing to the depreciated condition of the 
currency, the society voted him ten thousand pounds. Several 
orders, signed by him, for small sums to be charged to his ac- 
count, and deducted from his salary, have been preserved in 
the archives of the society. One of them is reproduced, less 
than half the original size, in the above half-tone print. 

February 22, 1794, the society was incorporated by the 
name of the Third Religious Society in Newburyport and 



NORTH CONGKEGATIOXAL CHURCH AND SOCIETY 275 

authorized to choose assessors and levy a tax on pew holders 
for the support of public worshijx' 

In 1807, Mr. Spring received the honorary degree of doctor 
of divinity from Yale college and also from Williams college. 
He was prominent in the movement that culminated in the 
organization of the American Board of r^)reign Missions and 
was chosen vice-president at its first meeting in 18 10. On 
Sunday, January 10, 18 19, he preached his last sermon. He 
was occasionally in the pulpit after that date, but on account 
of his infirmities he was unable to take a prominent part in the 
service. He died March 4, 18 19, and was buried in the New 
Hill burying ground.^ His widow, Hannah, daughter of Rev. 
Dr. Samuel Hopkins of Hadlcy, died on the eleventh day of 
June following. The inscription on his monument is printed 
in Coffin's History of Newl^ury, page 386. 

Rev. Luther F. Dimmick was ordained pastor of the society 
December 8, 18 19. 

At a special meeting, held May 18, 1826, a committee was 
ajipointed to prepare plans and estimate the cost of building a 
new house of worship. This committee subsequently re- 
i:)orted in favor of removing the old meeting house and erect- 
ing a new one on the same site. Contracts were made, and 
the work of removal began a few weeks later. When the 
steeple was taken down, Brown square and the streets in that 
neighborhood were crowded with spectators who had gathered 
to see the sight. " The steeple fell on the spot desired 
without injury to any person or accident of any kind."' The 
main building was removed to a vacant lot a few rods distant. 
It was probably used for public worship until the new brick 
meeting house was completed, when it was taken down. 
March 14, 1827, the selectmen of Newburyport granted 
Philip Bagley license to sell at public auction " the pews in 
the New Brick Church on Titcomb street," and six days later 
the new edifice was formally dedicated to the worship of God. 

'Acts and Resolves, 1 793-1 794, ch. 44. 

" His son, Rev. Gardner Spring, was for more than sixty years pastor of the 
Brick Presbyterian church in New York city. 
^Newburyport Herald, June 30, 1826. 



276 



HIS TOR y OF NE WB UR YPOR T 



February i, 1860, a committee was appointed to consider 
the advisability of changing the name of the society, and on 
the ninth day of March the following resolution was passed 
by the General Court : — 

Resolved, That the Third Rehgious Society of Newburyport shall 
hereafter be designated and known as the North Congregational Society 
of Newburyport.' 




KUINS (-)K MEEIIM, HOLhl-:. 



Rev. Luther F. Dimmick died May 16, i860, and was 
buried in Oak Hill cemetery. 

December 11, i860, Rev. Elias Cornelius Hooker, born in 
Bennington, Vermont, was ordained pastor of the society. 
Between one and two o'clock, Friday morning, March 22, 
1 86 1, the meeting house was destroyed by hre. It was con- 
sumed with the chai)el adjoining, and only the brick walls were 
left standing." 

'Acts and Resolves, iS6o. ch. 16. 

•Several firemen were seriously injured while attempting to save property from 
destruction at this fire. Francis C. Lunt and Henry Goodwin died from the ef- 
fects of wounds received. Newburyport Herald, March 23-26 and April i, 1861. 




NORTH CONGREGATIONAL MEETING HOUSE, 1861. 



278 ///-S TOR V OF NE WB UR YPOR 1 ' 

The society made preparations to rebuild the meeting house 
without delay. It was completed and dedicated Wednesday, 
October 23, 1861. The exercises were interesting and at- 
tracted a large audience. Rev. E. W. Allen of North Ber- 
wick made the first prayer ; Rev. Daniel T. Fiske read selec- 
tions of scripture ; Rev. Dr. Kirk of Boston delivered an earn- 
est and practical sermon ; Rev. E. C. Hooker made the dedi- 
catory prayer ; and Rev. Leonard Withington, D. D., gave the 
benediction. 

Six months later, Rev. Mr. Hooker was compelled, on ac- 
count of ill health, to take a sea voyage, and in 1863 he trav- 
elled in Europe hoping to regain his strength. He returned 
somewhat improved, but still unable to attend to his pastoral 
duties. He resigned November 15, 1864, and removed to 
Nashua, N. H. Since that date, the following-named persons 
have been installed ministers of the North Congregational 
church and society: — - 

Rev. William A. McGinley, from August 17, 1865, to January 26, 1869. 
Rev. James Powell, from November 24, 1869, to February 26, 1873. 
Rev. Charles R. Seymour, from October 8, 1874, to October 5, 1879. 
Rev. Charles P. Mills, from September 23, 1880, to January i, 1899. 
Rev. Elmer E. Shomaker, from May 24, 1933, to September 30, 1902. 
Rev. Edward H. Newcomb, trom October i, 1903. 

Some facts relating to the purchase of the bell, clock and 
organ for the meeting house of the Third Religious society 
in Newburyport, now known as the North Congregational so- 
ciety, have been recorded and deserve at least a passing 
notice. 

February 3, 1772, a committee was appointed to raise 
money by subscription to buy a bell for the meeting house, 
" and send to England for one as soon as may be agreeable to 
said subscription." 

[March i 1, 1773] Voted unanimously, that the thanks of this propriety 
be presented to Messrs Henry and Thomas Bromfield, Merchants in 
London, for their kind care in purchasing and shipping a Bell for our use, 
and generously giving us the commissions due thereon. 



NORTH CONGREGATIONAL CHURCH AND SOCIETY 279 

After twenty-five years of service this bell, while being 
rung at an alarm of fire, was broken, and a new one, cast in 
1795, by John Warner, in London, was purchased to take its 
place.' The bill of sale, signed by Paul Revere, reads as fol- 
lows : — 



/ 



V >^^;^:;<(f7/ ' //^J^ , /', 






-^■(d*,r lO(.../' l-^^^V'^^^^^^^^' 



m 

/ 



/ 



].]//r^\,^ .^^ A >^-/' ^-^V>- 







When the meeting house was destroyed by fire, March 22, 
1 86 1, this bell was melted by the intense heat. A new one 
from the foundry of Naylor, Vickers & Co., Sheffield, England, 
presented by Capt. Joshua Hale and Josiah L. Hale, Esq., was 
hung in the belfry of the new house of w.jrship erected dur- 
ing the following summer. 

In March, 1785, a few individuals were granted permission 
to place a clock in the tower of the meeting house at their 
own expense. On the twenty-eighth day of September follow- 
ing, the Essex Journal and New Hampshire Packet announced 

' Forty Years in the Christian Ministry: a Sermon Ijy Rev. Luther F. Dimmick, 
p. II. 



2 8o HIS TOR V OF NE WB UR YPOR T 

that a clock, made by Simon Willard of Roxbury, had been 
purchased and set up in the place provided for it. 

When the building, erected in 1768, was removed the clock 
was taken down and set up in the tower of the new brick meet- 
ing" house, erected in 1826. It was destroyed by fire, with 
other property belonging to the society, in 1861. 

In 1877, a new clock was presented to the proprietors of the 
new meeting house by Miss Elizabeth Gerrishof Ring's island, 
Salisbury, Mass. It bears the following inscription : — 

A Memorial 

of 

My beloved Father and Mother. 

Hitherto hath the Lord helped us. I will bless the Lord at all times 

for his excellent goodness. 

June, 1877. E. G. 

In 1828, Capt. John H. Titcomb purchased an organ for 
the meeting house, the society agreeing to pay, for the use of 
it, interest on the cost at the rate of si.x per cent per annum. 
Previous to that date the psalms and hymns were sung to the 
accompaniment of the violin, bass viol and other stringed in- 
struments. 

This organ was totally consumed when the meeting house 
was burned in 1861, and anew one, made by E. & E. G. Hook 
of Boston, was purchased and set up in the new meeting house 
previous to the twenty-third day of October of that year. 

FOURTH RELIGIOUS SOCIETY. 

Rev. Charles W. Milton, born in London in i T^"], was ed- 
ucated for the ministry by Lady Selina Huntington. He came 
to the province of New Brunswick in 1789, and while preach- 
ing there Rev. John Murray invited him to supply the pulpit 
of the First Presbyterian church and society, in Newbury- 
port, for several months. He accepted the invitation and 
preached so acceptably, during the winter of 1791, that many 
of the congregation were unwilling to have him leave. In the 
summer of 1792, religious services were held in a private 
house at which he officiated. Several members of the First 



FOURTH RELIGIOUS SOCIETY 281 

Presbyterian church who attended these meetings were sus- 
pended and a resolution of censure adopted that was subse- 
cjuently commended and approved by the Londonderry pres- 
bytery. 

Believing that these proceedings were unwise and unjusti- 
fiable, the friends of Rev. Mr. Milton determined to organize 
a new society as soon as possible, and applied, September 10, 
1792, for liberty to use the town house for public worship, 
but the prayer of the petitioners was vigorously opposed and 
the request was not granted.' Rooms, however, were secured 
at the residence of Mr. Anthony Morse, on Milk street, and 
services were held there for more than twelve months. 

Rev. John Murray, pastor of the First Presbyterian society, 
died March 13, 1793, and on the thirtieth day of May follow- 
ing a church, under the pastoral care of Rev. Charles W. Mil- 
ton, was organized by the name of the " Independent Calvin- 
istic Church of Newburyport. " 

The frame of a meeting house for this new church was 
raised the eleventh day of June on a lot of land extending from 
Temple street to Prospect street. The building, when com- 
pleted, was sixty-seven feet long and sixty feet wide, with two 
towers and an open vestibule, or porch, at the main entrance, 
on Prospect street, and a door, that has since been closed, 
opening into a vestibule under the pulpit, on Temple street.^ 

February 22, 1794, the society "whereof the Rev'i Charles 
William Milton is minister," was incorporated by the name of 
the " P'ourth Religious Society in Newburyport, "^ and Rev. 
Mr. Milton was installed pastor on the twentieth day of March 
following. 

March 9, 1796, Benjamin Balch conveyed land between 
Temple and Prospects streets, with the meeting house stand- 
ing thereon, to Daniel Plummer, Jonathan Morse, and Solo- 
mon Haskell, "a committee for the proprietors of the Meeting 
House occupied by the Fourth Religious Society in Ncwbury- 

' Newburyport Town Records, vol. II., p. 56. 

" Essex Journal and New Hampshire Packet, June 12, 1793; History of New- 
buryport (Mrs. E. Vale Smith), p. 310. 
•^ Acts and Resolves, 1793-1794. ch. 44. 



482 ///i' TOR Y OF NE IV B UR YFORT 

port,"' and two months later a bell weighini^ ten hundred and 
twenty pounds, was purchased and hung in the belfry. - 

Two glass chandeliers, presented to the society by Lady 
Huntington, were used, with candles at first, and afterwards 
with lamps made to burn oil, for lighting the meeting house. 

At the beginning of the nineteenth century many converts 
were added to the church. The meeting house was enlarged 
to accommodate the increasing number of worshippers, and in 
1809 a small chapel, or vestry, was built on adjoining land, 
purchased of Samuel Holland and others.-' 

Rev. Mr. Milton was a man of marked individuality, eccentric 
in his habits and style of dress. He usually wore a broad 
brimmed low crowned black hat, a long black coat of the 
Washingtonian revolutionary cut, a black waist coat, short 
clothes, silk stockings and shoe buckles. He was short in 
stature, compact, active in his movements, and carried a smooth 
ivory-headed cane. He wore his hair in long curls, complete- 
ly concealing his ears, and was said to resemble the "jack of 
clubs" by the unregeneratc youth who seldom listened to his 
preaching.-" 

He was an earnest and impassioned preacher and in the illustrations 
of his subject the element of unexpectedness was common, so tliat his 
sermons remained in the memory of his hearers, and hundreds of stories 
are still current of his pulpit sayings. Nor was he less original in his 
daily conversation, which was brusque and characterized by a read}" 
wit. 5 

During the last year of Rev. Mr. Milton's life he was able 
to preach occasionally, but his mind was evidently weakened 
by the infirmities of age. He bitterly (apposed the appoint- 
ment of a colleague to assist him in his past(~>ral dtities, and 
the church, after a delay of several months, voted to favor a 
motion, to take effect March i, 1837, declaring the pulpit 

' Essex Deeds, liook i6o, leaf 202. 

•^This bell was probably sold previous to 1S25 and a new one, Ijearing the in- 
scription : " Revere, Boston, 1823," purchased to take its place. 

3 This vestry was removed in 1854 to make room for the larger building now 
standing there. 

'' Newburyport Herald, Septemlier 3, 1864. 

^ Newburyport Herald, March 23, 1S72. 



P6 UR TH RELIC 10 1 'S SO CIE TV 



283 



vacant. Subsequently, however, a committee was appointed 
to confer with Mr. Milton and induce him, if possible, to accept 
the office of senior pastor, but he died suddenly, at his resi- 
dence on Lime street, May i, 1837. 

Rev. Randolph Campbell, of Woodbridge, N. J., supplied 
the pulpit for several Sundays in the summer of 1837, and on 
the twelfth day of October he was installed pastor of the 
church. In 1845, the interior of the meeting house was re- 
mcxleled and improved by the removal of the side galleries and 
the addition of new pews. Mr. Campbell remained active 




PROSPFXT STKKKI MICKTINC HOUSE. 



pastor until 1877 and pastor emeritus until his death, August 
9, 1886. 

Rev. James H. Ross was installed pastor February 22, 
1878. His resignation was accepted May 31, 1882. Since 
that date, the church and society has been under the charge 
of the followins: named ministers : — 



Rev. Palmer S. Hulbert, from April 30, 18S5, to January — , 1889. 
Rev. George W. Osgood, from May 13, 1890, to July 25, 1894. 
Rev. Myron O. Patton, from April 30, 1895, to July 14, 1903. 
Rev. George P. Merrill, from April 3, 1905.' 

' Rev. Mr. Merrill supplied the pulpit of this church from January, 1904, until 
the date of his installation April 3, 1905. 



284 ^^-S" TOR Y OF NE WB UR YPO R T 

SECOND PRESBYTERIAN CHURCH. 

Rev. Daniel Dana was ordained pastor of the First Pres- 
byterian church and society November 19, 1794. Thirty- 
three persons, dissatisfied with his theological views left the 
church and applied, August 18, 1795, for liberty to use the 
town house every Sunday for religious services. This request 
was granted "so far as the town has a right to the house."' 
On the twenty-ninth day of October following, the second 
Presbyterian church in Ncwburyport was organized by the 
Londonderry presbytery, and December twenty-second Joshua 
Toppan sold to Enoch Titcomb, Jr., John OT^rien, PhiUp 
Johnson, Daniel Horton and Joseph Huse of Ncwburyport, 
" a committee chosen by the proprietors to purchase a lot 
of land and build a new meeting house in said town," about 
thirty-two rods of unoccupied land, " purchased of the wid<~)w 
Mary Hooper, September 3, 1795," with a private way, one 
rod wide, extending therefrom to Green street. - 

May 16, 1796, the corner-stone was laid, and on the second 
day of June the frame of the meeting house was raised. The 
building was completed and dedicated on the twenty-second 
day of December following.' 

Rev. John Boddily, born in l^ristol, England, came to Ncw- 
buryport and preached, August 2, 1795, in the house of Elder 
Enoch Titcomb, and afterwards in the town house until the 
meeting house was completed. November 24, 1796, the in- 
habitants of the town " who usually attend the Public Wor- 
ship of God and the instruction of Rev. John Boddily " were 
incorporated by the name of the Second Presbyterian Socie- 
ty in Ncwburyport,' and January 13, 1797, the society pur- 
chased land adjoining the meeting house lot, bounded by a 
two-and one-half rod way, now Park street. ^ 

1 Ncwburyport Town Records, vol. II., p. ii8. 

^ Essex Deeds, book i6o, leaf 139. 

Harris street was not laid out and accepted by the inhabitants of Newburypott 
until March 17, 1796. The private way, described in the above deed, was con- 
veyed to Leonard Smith and Thomas M. Clark, July 25, 1806, in exchange for a 
right of way from Harris street to the meeting house; and, sulisequently, addition- 
al land was purchased adjoining this private way from Harris street. See Essex 
Deeds, book 180, leaf 231, book 181, leaf 21, and book 183, leaf 115. 

3 History of Newbury (Cofifin), p. 270. 

'' Acts and Resolves, 1 796-1 797, ch. 29. 

^ Essex Deeds, book 162, leaf 73. 



SECOND PRESBYTERIAN CHURCH 



285 



On the twenty-eighth day of June following, Rev. Mr. Bod- 
dily was installed pastor of the church and society. Three 
years later, Timothy Dexter gave three hundred and thirty- 
three dollars and thirty-three cents to purchase a bell for the 
meeting house. The gift was gratefully acknowledged in the 
newspapers of the day ; and in May, 1801, a bell from the foun- 




HARRIS STREET MEETING HOUSE. 



dry of John Warner & Son, London, inscribed : "The Gift of 
Timothy Dexter, Esq., to the 2"^! Presbyterian Society in 
Newburyport," was hung in the belfry.' 

Rev. Mr. Boddily died November 4, 1802. His successor. 
Rev. John Giles, was installed July 20, 1803. In 1824, owing 
to ill health, Rev. Mr. Giles was unable to attend to his pastor- 
al duties, and on the eleventh day of August, Rev. William 

' Newburyport Herald and Country Gazette, June 27, 1800, and May 22, iSoi. 



286 HISTOR Y OF NE WBVRYPOk T 

Ford was ordained assistant-minister. Rev. Mr. Giles died 
September 28, 1824, and Rev. Mr. Ford resigned March 23, 
1826. 

Rev. Daniel Dana, D. D., who was pastor of the First 
Presb)'terian church and society from 1794 t<) 1820, accepted 
an invitation to return to Newburyport, after an absence of 
nearly six years, and was installed pastor of the Second Presby- 
terian church May 24, 1826. He resigned May 24, 1846, and 
was succeeded by Rev. William W. Fells, who remained until 
1855. Rev. Heman R. Timlow was installed pastor in 1856. 

The meeting house was then standing near its present lo- 
cation, the steeple on the northerly end facing Green street. 
It was moved in September, 1856, to the position it now occu- 
pies, the steeple facing Harris street. The corner-stone was 
relaid with appropriate ceremonies September thirtieth. The 
high iHili^it and large square pews were removed to make 
room for new ones of modern construction, but the old 
galleries were allowed to remain undisturbed. 

The half-tone print on the preceding page gives a view of 
the meeting house as it now stands, with the main entrance 
on Harris street, substantially the same, in outward appear- 
ance, as it was when first built in 1796. 

Rev. Daniel Dana, for twenty years pastor of the Second 
Presbyterian church, died August 26, 1859. Funeral services 
were held in the meeting house on Harris street Tuesday 
afternoon, August thirtieth. 

Rev. Mr. Timlow, who had been for nearly four years 
pastor of the church, resigned December 17, 1859. Since 
that date the following-named persons have been regularly 
ordained, or officially installed, pastors of the church : — 

Rev. James Cruik.shanks, from i860 to 1862. 
Rev. Benjamin Y. George, from 1863 to 1866. 
Rev. James G. Johnson, from 1S66 to 1868. 
Rev. William Baker, from 1872 to 1874. 
Rev. James A. Bartlett, from 1877 to 1879. 
Rev. T. James Macfadden, from 1890.' 

1 The church was withouta settled pastor from 1868 to 1872, from 187410 1877, 
and from 1879 to 1S90, although Rev. Mr. Macfadden supplied the pulpit for 
several months previous to his installation, March 27, 1890. 



PIRST BAPTIST SOCIETY 287 

FIRST BAPTIST SOCIETY. 

As early as 1682, a Baptist Society was formed in New- 
bury, but liberty to worship God according to the dictates of 
conscience was not then allowed in the colony of Massachu- 
setts Bay and only a few persons joined the society.' After a 
brief struggle it was discontinued, and was not reorganized 
until forty years after the incorporation of Newburyport. 

In 1804, meetings were held in a schoolhouse on Marlbor- 
ough street, and Mr. Joshua Chase preached there for several 
months. May 2, 1805, a church, consisting of eighteen or 
twenty members, was organized by the name of the Baptist 
Church of Christ in Newbury and Newburyport, and on the 
twentieth day of June following Mr. Chase was ordained to 
the work of an evangelist, by a council of ministers from 
Brentwood, Berwick, Rowley and Danvers. Soon after that 
date Mr. Chase removed to another field of labor. 

August 30, 1805, Elder John Peak, who had previously 
been settled in Barnstable, Mass., came to Newburyport and, 
after a brief visit, consented to return and preach for the new- 
ly organized church for one year, at a nominal salary, in a 
suitable building to be provided near the centre of the town. 
November 21, 1805, Josiah Plummer, Ralph Cross, William 
Currier and others wxm'C granted liberty to use the town house 
for public worship.- Meetings were held therefor nearly two 
years, and afterwards in the " Tabernacle " on Temple street, 
Rev. John Peak officiating.-^ 

In January, 1807, a committee, previously appointed, re- 
ported in favor of building a brick meeting house on Liberty 
street, seventy feet long and sixty feet wide. The report was 
accepted, plans were prepared, materials purchased, and work 
on the building begun in the month of April following. 

March 4, 1808, Joseph O'Brien, Josiah Plumer, Samuel 

1 History of Newbury (Coffin), p. 135. 

'^Newburyport Town Records, vol. II., p. 330. 

■^ The firewards reported, April 24, 1815, that the building known as the Tab- 
ernacle was unsafe, and the .selectmen were requested to have it removed. A 
committee, appointed by the firewards, reported, November 6, 1815, that the 
owners of the building had taken it down. 



2 88 HIS TOR Y OF NE WB UR YPOR T 

Newman, and others associated with them, were incorporated 
by the name of " The Proprietors of the Meeting House of the 
First Baptist Society in Newburyport."' On the tenth day of 
June, Joseph O'Brien and others conveyed to the proprietors 
above-named land on Liberty street with the brick building 
thereon. - 

The meeting-house was probably completed in August and 
dedicated September i, 1808. Rev. John Peak was installed 
pastor, Tuesday afternoon, P^ebruary 7, 1809. Under his care 
the church steadily increased in numbers. P'ebruary 26, 
181 1, Henry Merrill, Jesse Uorman, Ebenezer Pulcifer, Joseph 
Young, Joeeph Lovett, Jonathan C. Lewis, John Oilman, W. 
Oilman, Eben Dunnells, John Knowlton, Southey Parker, 
)<)hn Hale, Dennis O'Brien, Abijah Wheeler, Emanuel Sew- 
ard, John Page, Thomas Ordway, Joseph O'Brien, P2noch 
Pike, James Brackett, William Halleday, Robert Pierson, 
Billings Putnam, " and others associated with them in their 
particular religious persuasion and belief " were incorporated 
by the name of the Baptist Society of Newbury and New- 
buryport.' 

The meeting house was destroyed in " the great fire," May 
31, 181 1. Disheartened, but not discouraged, the society 
applied for and obtained permission to use the court house 
for public worship. 

June 10, 181 1, Re\-. John Peak was appointed agent "to 
solicit and receive such donations as the wealthy and benevolent 
may be disposed to bestow " upon the society for the erection 
of a new meeting house. ■♦ He travelled through the New 
England states and went as far south as Richmond, Virginia, 
collecting several thousand dollars from the friends of the 
church in the places he visited. Soon after his return to 
Newburyi^ort, in October of that year, a meeting was called 
to decide when the new house of worship should be erected 
and where it should be located. The proprietors of the old 

1 Acts and Resolves, 1807-1808, ch. 91. 

2 Essex Deeds, book 184, leaf 187. 
^Actsand Resolves, 1810-1811, ch. 89. 

■* Memoir of Elder John Peak, written by himself (1832), pp. 1 10-125. 



FIRST BAPTIST SOCIETY 289 

meetinj^^ house, owning^ the land on Liberty street, insisted 
that the new house should be erected there. Several promi- 
nent members of the society objected and proposed a location 
at the south end of the town, while others living" at the north 
end favored the purchase of land in the vicinity of Olive 
street. 

After se\'eral months delay, the proprietors of the old meet- 
ing house were authorized, February 13, 18 12, by the Gener- 
al Court, " to sell and convey, by private contract or public 
auction, the walls of said meeting house and the land under 
the same, and apply the proceeds in such manner, as they 
the i)r()prietors may think best."' 

On the thirteenth day of April following, Thomas Merrill 
conveyed to Henry Merrill, treasurer and agent for the Bap- 
tist church and society in Newbury and Newburyport, a lot 
of land on a street, forty feet wide, called Silk street in the 
church records, now known as Congress street, extending from 
Olive to Kent street.- On this land a small brick meeting house 
was erected, with galleries, at a cost of about fcjur thousand 
dollars. It was dedicated to the worship of God in July, 1812. 

For several years, the society was embarrassed and annoyed 
by a suit-at-law brought by the proprietors of the old meeting- 
house to recover a portion of the money collected, but the claim, 
although pressed with vigor, was disallowed by the court. 
Dissension, resulting from this controversy, interfered with 
the growth and development of the church, and Rev. Mr. Peak 
considered it advisable t(j resign. His resignation was ac- 
cepted to take effect August i, 1818. He was succeeded by 
Rev. Hosea Wheeler. 

In 1832, during the pastorate of Rev. Nathaniel W. Wil- 
liams, the meeting house was enlarged and a number of pews 
added. In April, 1845, a bell, weighing one thousand and 
ninety-six pounds, was purchased and placed in the steeple, 
then nearly completed. 

April 9, 1846, Rev. Nicholas Medbery, who had been pastor 

1 Acts and Resolves, 1811-1812, ch. 107. 
-Essex Deeds, book 199, leaf 17. 



290 



HI ST OR y OF NE WB UR YPOR T 



of the church for three years, resigned, and his resignation 
was accepted on the twentieth day of April following. During 
the next two or three months fifty-three members asked for 
letters of dismission. They subsequently organized a new 
chinch, and, untler the pastoral care of Rev. Mr. Medbery, 
erected a meeting house on Green street. 

In 1848, Rev. Paul S. Adams was installed pastor of the 
Congress Street Baptist church and society. He was suc- 
ceeded by Rev. Benjamin I. Lane in 1850. Rev. James Bar- 
naby was installed in 1855, and Rex. James N. Sykes in 1859. 
From its organization in 1805 to its dissolution in 1869 the 
following named persons have been pastors of the church : — 

Rev. John Peak, from 1S05 to iSiS. 
Rev. Hosea Wheeler, from iSiS to 1.S22. 
Rev. Josiah Houghton, from 1.S23 to 1S29. 
Rev. Bartlett Pease, from 1S29 to 1S31. 
Rev. Nathaniel W. Williams, from 1831 to 1S36. 
Rev. William B. Jacobs, from 1S36 to 1938. 
Rev. Jonathan Aldricli, frmo \'!^y} to 1.S40. 
Rev. Albert N. Arnold, from 1S41 to 1843. 
Rev. Nicholas Medbery, from 184410 1 S46. 
Rev. Paul S. Adams, from 1848 to 1850. 
Rev. Benjamin I. Lane, from 1850 to 1854. 
Rev. James Barnaby, from 1855 to 1858. 
Rev. James N. Sykes, from 1859 to 1866. 

After the resignation of Rev. Mr. Sykes, in 1866, the so- 
ciety had no settled minister. In February, 1869, the church 
united with the (jrecn Street Baptist chiu'ch and foimeda new 
church, but the meeting house on Congress street was not 
sold until several years later. April 30, 1873, an act author- 
izing the society to sell its real estate and pay over the 
net proceeds to the treasuj'er of the Baptist society, organized 
in 1869, was passed by the General Court.' The prop- 
erty was purchased by Rev. Daniel P. Pike December 3, 
1877.'' The bell remained in the belfiy until the meeting 
house ceased to be used as a place of [niblic worsliip, when it 

' Acts and Resolves, 1S73, ch. 251. 
-Essex Deeds, book 989, leaf 5. 



GREEN STREET BAPTIST CHURCH 291 

was taken down and sold for the benefit of theaBptist Society 
of Newburyport.' 

GREEN STREET BAPTIST CHURCH. 

April II, 1846, several persons, who had withdrawn from 
the First Baptist church, in Consj^ress street, met at the resi- 
dence of William Gunnison to make arrangements for the 
organization of a new church. They voted, on the seven- 
teenth day of April following, to hire Washington hall and 
invite Rev. Nicholas Medbery to preach for them. On the 
seventeeth of May, a covenant of faith was adopted and a 
council called to complete the organization of the church. On 
the third day of June, four deac(^ns were chosen and Rev. 
Nicholas Medbery was invited to become pastor of the new 
church, " to be called for the present the Central Baptist 
Church of Newburyport." 

Delegates from Baptist churches in Salem, Salisbury, 
Hampton Falls, Rowley and Lowell met in Washington hall 
on the morning of June sixteenth, and, after a brief session, 
voted to meet, in the afternoon, at the First Presbyterian 
meeting house, on Federal street, to receive in Christian fel- 
lowship the newly organized church. Rev. Mr. Medbery was 
installed pastor in the same place on the evening of the same 
day.- 

June 15, 1846, Ebenezer and Sarah W. Hale sold a lot of 
land on the corner of Green street and Brown square, to 
William Gunnison, and others, proprietors of a meeting house 
to be erected there.' The Green Street Baptist Meeting 
House corporation, organized February i, 1S47, incompliance 
with the provisions of the si.xty-second chapter of the supple- 

' The land on Congress street, with the meeting house thereon, " excepting the 
bell in the lielfry," was purchased by Orin J. Gurney, April 9, 18S0, and is now 
used as a box factory. The bell was sold to the city of Newburyport and used 
for several years on an engine house in Purchase street. In 1895, it was pur- 
chased by [ohn T. Brown, and presented to the proprietors of Oak Hill cemetery. 

''■ The church records give the date as June 16, 1846, but a card signed by Wil- 
liam Gunnison, Paul T. Winkley, (jeorge Perkins, William Bragdon, and Andrew 
.S. Flanders, " standing committee of the Central Baptist Church," published in 
the Newburyport Herald, June 23, 1846, gives the date of installation as June 
thirteenth. 

^ Essex Deeds, book 368, leaf 241. 



292 



III S TOR Y OF NE WB UR YPOR T 



ment to the Revised Statutes, built on this lot of land a con- 
venient and commodious house of worship, which was com- 
pleted and dedicated February 9, 1848. 

At a meeting held on the fifteenth day of May followini,^ it 
was voted to change the name of the church from " Central 
Baptist" to "Green Street Baptist Church and Society of 
Newburyport." 

In 1856, the Green Street Baptist Meeting House corpo- 
ration conveyed the land with the meeting house thereon to 
the Green Street Baptist society.' 

In January, 1869, the Salem Baptist association recommend- 
ed the dissolution of the two Baptist churches in Newburyport 
and the organization of one new one. On the twentieth day 
of that month the Green Street Baptist church voted to unite 
with the Congress Street church in forming a new church to 
be known as the Baptist Church of Newburyport. 

May 13, 1869, the land and building on the corner of 
Green street and Brown square was conveyed to the Baptist 
Society of Newburyport by the Green Street Baptist Society 
of Newburyport.- 

Ministers of the Green Street Baptist church and society 
from 1 846 to 1 869 : — 

Rev. Nicholas Medbery, 1846 to 1852. 
Rev. John G. Richardson, 1853 to 1856. 
Rev. Noah Hooper, 1856 to i860. 
Rev. Robert A. Patterson, 1863 to 1865. 
Rev. Joseph Wassail, 1866 to 1868. 

BAPTIST CHURCH AND SOCIETY OF NEWBURYPORT. 

January 25, 1869, the Baptist Church in Newbury and New- 
buryport and the Green Street Baptist Church in Newbury- 
port were dissolved by mutual consent. Assisted by a commit- 
tee, appointed by the Salem Baptist association, the members 
of these two churches united and formed, the same day, a new 
church now known as the Baptist Chtu-ch of Newburyport. 
On the twenty-second day of February following, a new relig- 

' Essex Deeds, bjok 542, leaf 248, and book 703, leaf 133. 
' Essex Deeds, book 772, leaf 249. 



BAPTIST CHURCH AND SOCIETY OF NEIVB URYPORT 



^93 



ious society, called the Baptist Society of Newburyport, was 
organized under the general laws of the commonwealth of 
Massachusetts, and a committee was appointed to sell the 
meeting houses on Congress and Green streets and erect a new 
one elsewhere. 

Rev. Francis W. Bakeman was installed pastor of the 
church and society Se]:)tember 17, 1869. He resigned in 




BAPTIST MEETINC, HOUSE 



September, 1871, and was succeeded by Rev. George H. 
Miner, who entered upon his duties as pastor September 2, 
1872. 

Finding it impossible to dispose of the Congress and Green 
streets meeting houses to advantage, the society, unwilling 
to assume the responsibility of building a new one, voted in 
January, 1873, to repair and remodel the Green street house. 
It was raised from the level of the street to a height suffi- 
cient to allow of the construction of a vestry room and parlor 



294 



HIS TOR Y OF NE W B IJR VPOR T 



in the basement. A new puljiit, new pews and a new steeple 
were built, and other improvx^ments and alterations made. 

In May, 1899, a stained-glass window, the gift of Mrs. 
Solomon Bachman, daughter, and Mrs. M. S. Bernheimer, 
granddaughter, of Mrs. Sally Uow Clement, was presented 
to the society and dedicated on the eleventh day of June. It 
bears the following inscription : — 

The grace of the Lord Jesus Christ 

and the love of God and the communion 

of the Holy Ghost be with you all 

Amen. 

In memory of 

Sally Dow Clement. 

Born December 24, i 79,S, 

Died April 29, i.SSo. 

The centennial anniversary of the organization of the first 
Baptist church in Newbury port was celebrated on the seventh 
and ninth days of May, 1905, Rev. George H. Miner deliver- 
ing an historical address, to which the reader is referred for 
linther information relating to the growth and development of 
the clnirch since its organization. May 2, 1805. 

The ministers of the Baptist Church and Society of New- 
buryport from 1869 to 1905 have been as follows: — - 

Rev. Francis W. Bakeman, 1X69 to 1871. 
Rev. George H. Miner, 1S72 to 1876. 
Rev. John T. Beckley, 1.S77 to 1883. 
Rev. Eugene E. Thomas, 1KS4 to i(S(S,S. 
Rev. Louis A. Pope, 1SS9 to 1901.' 
Rev. George H. Miner, 1901 to 1905. 

PEOPLf's MRTHOniST EPISCOPAL CHURCH. 

In 1 8 19, Rev. John Adams, a minister in the Methodist 
Episcopal Chm-ch, came to Newbury and preached iox sever- 
al successive Sundays in a schoolhouse on Marlborough street. 
Subsequently, a church was formed, antl October 5, 1825, a 

n)n account of ill health. Rev. Mr. Pope was j^rauted leave of absence Sept. 
26, 1900, for six months. Rev. Mr. Miner supplied the pulpit from October i, 
1900, until January i, 1901, when Rev. Mr. Pope's resignation was accepted and 
Mr. Miner was called to the pastorate, which oflice he held until May 15, 1905. 



PEOPLE'S METHODIST EPISCOPAL CHURCH 



295 



meetini^ house built in the precedinj;- summer on a private 
way now known as Purchase street, was dedicated.' 

March 5, 1827, John Adams and Benjamin Brown of New- 
buryport, Cutting Pettingale, John P. Noyes and John Thurlo 
of Newbury, and P2Has French and Caleb Pike of Salisbury 
were incorporated by the name of "The Trustees of the 
Methodist Episcopal Church of Newbury and Newbury j)ort."- 




PURCHASE STREET MEETING HOUSE. 



In i<S5i, a part of the town of Newbury, includint; the meet- 
in.i;' house owned by the above-named trustees and their suc- 
cessors in office, was annexed to Newburyport and the name 
of the church was chans^ed to "The People's Methodist Epis- 
copal Church in Newburyport." 

' History of Newbury (Currier), pp. 3S7, 3SS. 
-Acts and Resolves, 1826-1827, ch. 112. 



296 HIS TOR V OF NE IV B UR \ 'FOR T 

In 1869, while Rev. John Capen was pastor, the meetinii^ 
honse was remodeled and cnlari^ed, but the work was not com- 
pleted until March 25, 1871, when the building" was re-dedi- 
cated to the worship of God. 

In 1888, while Rev. F. K. Straton was pastor, the meeting 
house was again enlarged and a tower, or steeple, erected at a 
cost of nearly three thousand dollars. In 1901, the interior 
of the main building" was painted, the ceiling frescoed, and 
the social rooms renovated and refurnished. 

At the present time, Rev. William j. Kelly is pastor of the 
church, having been aj^pointed by the presiding bishop at the 
New P^ngland conference of the Methodist Episcopal church 
in April, 1905. 

W.ASHINGTOX .STREET METHODIST EPISCOPAL CHURCH. 

October 17, 1826, Abraham Perkins sold a lot of land on 
Liberty street, Newburyport, where the first Baptist meeting 
house stood previous to the " great fire " in 181 1, to Barthol- 
omew (3theman, Michael Wormstead and Nathan Haskell, " a 
committee for erecting a Methodist Episcopal Church in .said 
Newburyport,"' and on the tenth day of November following 
William Alexander agreed to build, for the committee, a brick 
meeting house, of certain specified dimensions, on the land 
purchased.- 

The building was completed and dedicated W^ednesday, 
June 20, 1827, and a church, consisting of fifteen or twenty 
members, was organized by Rev. Bartholomew Otheman.^ 

In 1834, Enoch Huse, Charles Peabody, Benjamin Binder, 
Nathaniel Pillsbury, John Dole, Benjamin Gunnison and John 
Dodge, Jr., were incorporated by the name of "The Trustees 
of the First Methodist Episcopal Church in Newburyport,"-* 
and the land with the meeting house thereon was subsequent- 
ly conveyed to the above-named ti"ustees, their associates and 
successors. 5 

1 Essex Deeds, book 242, leaf 155. 
" Essex Deeds, book 244, leaf in. 
3 Newburyport Herald, June 19, 1827. 
■* Acts and Resolves, 1834, ch. 181. 
* Essex Deeds, book 271, leaf 249. 



FIRST UNIVERSALIST CHURCH AND SOCIETY 297 

During the pastorate of Rev. Leroy S. Brewster, a new 
meeting house was erected on the corner of Olive and Wash- 
ington streets and dedicated Thursday afternoon, November 
2, 1865. The brick meeting house and land on Liberty 
street was sold to Stephen M. Pillsbury May 15, 1865.' 




WASHINGTON SIRKET MEKTINC, HOUSE. 

The church is now known as the Washington Street Metho- 
dist Episcopal Church of Newburyport. Rev. Howard S. Wil- 
kinson, the present pastor, was appointed April 12, 1904, by 
Bishop Goodsell, presiding at the New England conference 
of the Methodist Episcopal church. 

FIRST UNIVERSALLST CHURCH AND SOCIETV. 

In December, 1834, a few individuals, who met together for 
religious instruction, in Newburyport, decided to organize a 
church and adopt a liberal creed. A covenant was agreed 
upon and ofificers chosen at a meeting held in Phoenix hall 
April 13, 1835.- The ne.xt year the annual meeting was held 
in the same place. -^ 

Eor several years the society had no settled minister and 
depended upon clergymen from Boston and elsewhere to sup- 
l)ly the pul})it. In 1840, land on the corner of Middle and 

'Essex Deeds, book 973, leaf 41. 

^See notice published in Newburyport Herald April 9, 1835. 

3 Newburyport Herald, April i, 1836. 



298 ///-S' Tok y OF A'/; ivsi 'k ) TOk T 

V?C\\- streets was purchased,' and the corner-stone of the meet- 
ing' liouse laid on the thirt)-first day of March, Rew Hosea 
Ballon, of Boston, delivering an address a])])ropriate to the 
occasion . 

Rev. William M. r\M-nald was pastor of the church in 
1 840 and 1841. Rev. Darius P\)rbes was installed October 5, 
1842. He resigned in 1845. Since that date the pastors of 
the church haxe been Rev. Edwin A. Eaton, Rev. James 
Shrigley, Rev. A. R. Abbott, Rev. Daniel M. Reed, Rev. 
Willard Spaulding, Rev. J. E. Bruce, Rev. T. Borden and 
Rev. J. H. Hartley. After 1875, the society had no settled 
minister, although services were held nearly every Sunday in 
the meeting house until 1878. 

The land on the corner of Middle and Fair streets, " with 
the meeting house standing thereon," was conveyed to Jere- 
miah R. Ireland, Mary J. Hurd and Luther Dame November 
I3> 1879-^ It was sold at public auction, on the twenty-second 
day of December following, to Rev. Daniel P. Pike, trustee 
for the First Christian (Ba])tist) Society of Newburyport \^ 
and religious services were held in the meeting house until the 
death of Rev. Mr. Pike in 1887. Hon. Edward P. Shaw pur- 
chased the property June 2, 1888.-* The meeting house was 
then converted into a shoe shop and subsequently into a fac- 
tory for the manufacture of patent shoe dressing. It was 
destroyed by fire August 5, 1899. 

FIRST CHRISTIAN CHURCH AND SOCIETY. 

In 1838, Re\'. Daniel P. Pike, minister of a church at Salis- 
bury ix)int, occasionally held e\ening meetings, in private 
houses, in that part of Newbury then known as Belleville. In 
April, 1840, he secured a suitable room in the vicinity of 
Brown square, Newburyport, where he preached for several 
consecutive Sundays. (3n the seventh day of May, a church 
was organized, and three ruling elders, three deacons, and 
other church officcTs chosen. 

1 Essex Deeds, hook 316, leaf 236. 
^ Essex Deeds, book 1028, leaf 64. 
•* Essex Deeds, b(jok 1033, leaf 252. 
Essex Deeds, book 1226, leaves 524, 526 and 25S. 



CIIVKCII OF THE IM MACULATE CONCEPTION 



299 



Aui;ust 10, i<S43, Rev. Mr. Tike i)urchased a lot of land on 
Court street,' and December 27, 1844, the frame of a meet- 
ing house for the " First Christian Society of Ne\vbur)'i)ort " 
was raised.- The building" was completed and occupied the 
following year. Services were held in the Court Street meet- 
ing house until 1873, when the proi)erty was purchased by the 
Right Reverend John J. Williams, bisht)p of Boston, for the 
Church of the Immaculate Conception in Newbury):)ort.^ 

Rev. Mr. Pike subsequently preached in Central hall on 
Pleasant street and Lincoln hall on the corner of State and 
Middle streets, Some members of his congregation, however, 
dissatisfied with his theological views and political theories, 
leased the Baptist meeting house on Congress street and held 
services there for one or two years. 

Meanwhile, Rev. Mr. Pike continued to preach in one of 
the above-named halls until December 3, 1877, when he pur- 
chased the Congress Street meeting house, and invited his 
friends to follow him there. In 1880 he considered it advis- 
able to secure a more convenient place of public worship near 
the centre of the city, and December 22, 1879, ^^ purchased 
the meeting house erected by the Universalist society, on 
Middle street. Services were held there until his death, De- 
cember 4, 1887. Soon after that date the church, of which 
he had been pastor for nearly fifty years, ceased to exist. 

CHURCH OF THE IMMACULATE CONCEPTION. 

In 1 841, Rev. Patrick Canavan of Dover, N.H., cameto New- 
buryport once a month to celebrate mass and administer the sac- 
raments of the Roman Catholic church. Services were held for 
nearly two years at the residences of Hugh McGlew and others, 
but in 1843 the vestry of the P'irst Presbyterian society was 
[unxhased and removed to a lot of land on Charles street, con- 
veyed by Mr. McGlew to the Right Reverend Benedict P'en- 
wick of Boston, " in trust for the use and benefit of the Ro- 

1 Essex Deeds book, 33S, leaf 216. 
^ History of Newbury (Cufifin), [i. 2S5. 
3 Essex Deeds, book 885, leaf 223. 



300 



HISTOR Y OF NE IV B UR YPOR T 



man Catholic Religious Society in Newburyport."' The 
vestry, remodeled and repaired, served as a chapel until the 
church on Green street was completed in 1853. Father Can- 
avan had charge of the parish until the spring of 1848. He 
was succeeded by Rev. John O'Brien who came to Newbury- 




CIIURCH OV THE IMMACULATE CONCEPTION. 

port, where he remained until December, when Rev. Henry 
Lennon was appointed pastor of the church. 

May 6, 185 1, Moses E. Hale and John Osgood sold to 
John H. Nichols, of Salem, a lot of land on Green street. On 
the twelfth day of the same month Mr. Nichols sold this land 
to John B. Fitzpatrick, bishop of Boston.- Aj^ril 27, 1852, 
the corner-stone of the Church of the Immaculate Conception 

1 Essex Deeds, book 339, leaf 234. 

The Society was known by the name of St. Mary's for twenty- five or thirty years 
after land on Charles street was purchased. 
- Essex Deeds, book 444, pp. 272 and 284. 



CHURCH OF THE IMMACULATE COKCEPTIOX 



301 



was laid with appropriate ceremonies. The building, with 
the exception of the steeple, which was not finished until 
twenty years later, was completed and dedicated March 17, 

1853- 

Rev. Henry Lennon died July 13, 1 87 1 . He was buried near 
the southeast corner of the church on Green street, but was 
afterwards removed to the Catholic cemetery on Storey avenue. 
In August, 1 87 1, Rev. Arthur J. Teeling was appointed 
pastor of the church and entered at once upon the duties of his 
office. In 1872, he purchased for a parochial residence the 
house previously occupied by Father Lennon on Court street, 
and then turned his attention to the work of building a spire 
to the church, which was completed in March, 1874, and to the 
hanging in the belfry of a bell from the foundry of Meneely 
& Co., West Troy, N. Y. A month later, land on Storey 
avenue was purchased for a cemetery. It was laid out with 
avenues and paths, and consecrated by Archbishop Williams 
early in the summer of 1876. The parochial school buildings 
on Court and Washington streets were erected in 1879. 

In April, 1881, the parochial residence was destroyed by 
fire, and a new one was built, the following year, to take its 
place. April 28, 1884, the schoolhouses and the parochial 
residence were transferred to the Immaculate Conception Ed- 
ucational Association, incorporated under the laws of the 
commonwealth of Massachusetts, and on the second day of 
August following the church and cemetery were incorporated 
by the name of the Immaculate Conception Society of New- 
bury port. 

In 1886, the house on the corner of Washington and Green 
streets, built by Hon. Theophilus Parsons in 1789, was pur- 
chased for the use of the Sisters of Charity who have charge 
of the children in the parochial schools. 

In 1893, Father Teeling was appointed pastor of St. Mary's 
church in Lynn and Rev. William H. Ryan was placed in 
charge of the Church of the Immaculate Conception in New- 
buryport. Under the care of Father Ryan the parish has 
maintained its high standard of excellence and steadily de- 
veloped its religious and educational work. 




INTEFIOR OF THE CHUKCH OF THE IMMACULAIE CONCEPTION. 



ADVENT CHRISTIAN CIIVRCH 



303 



Two years ago, the interior of the church was painted and 
decorated by ItaHan artists and a new marble altar, elaborate- 
ly carved, was placed in the sanctuary. On the second, third 
and fourth days of May, 1903, the fiftieth anniversary of the 
dedication of the church was observed with appropriate relig- 
ious services. On Sunday, the third day of May, mass was 
celebrated in the presence of the Most Reverend John J. Wil- 
liams, aichbishop, and the Right Rexerend Bishop Brady, 
auxiliary bishop of the diocese, and a congregation that filled 
all of the available seats in the church. 

Rev. Father Ryan is assisted in his pastoral work, at the 
present time, by Rev. John J. Flood and Rev. Patrick T. 
Buckley. 

ADVENT CHRISTIAN CHURCH. 

In December, 1848, a church under the pastoral care of 
Rev. John Pearson, Jr., was organized, and meetings were held, 
from that date until 1856, in Washington hall on the corner of 
State and Essex streets. 

May 16, 1854, Joseph H. Dockham conveyed all his right, 
title and interest in a lot of land on Charter street to John 
Pearson, Henry Lunt and Richard Cutter, a committee of the 
Second Advent Society of Newburyport. ' On this land a 
meetinghouse was erected. It was completed and dedicated 
Wednesday, April 30, 1856. Subsequently, the title to this 
property was perfected by a deed dated May 19, 1858, con- 
veying land purchased of the heirs of Nicholas Brown to 
Joseph H. Dockam, George W^ Hunt and Harris Pearson, "a 
committee of the Proprietors of the Advent Church," a cor- 
poration legally organized under the general statutes of the 
commonwealth of Massachusetts." 

Rev. John Pearson, Jr., was pastor of the church until 1865. 
He was succeeded by Rev. J. H. Van Derzee in 1866, and 
by Rev. Cyrus Cunningham in 1869. 



' Essex Deeds, book 494, leaf 236. 
-Essex Deeds, book 534, leaf 201. 



304 



HIS TDK V OF NE WB UR YPOR T 



Previous to 1 890, the church was called the Second Advent 
church. It is now known as the Advent Christian church. 
Rev. David H. Woodward was pastor in 1904. Rev. Willis 
G. Brown, the present pastor, entered ui:)()n the duties of his 
office Jan. i, 1905. 

WniTEFIELD CONGREGATIONAL CHURCH. 

On Friday evening", August 3, 1849, a meeting was held 
at the residence of WilUam Forbes on Green street to consid- 
er plans for establishing a new religious society, and securing 
the services of Rev. John E. Emerson as pastor.' No definite 
action was taken at that meeting, but six weeks later Market 
hall was engaged and religious services were held there, Sun- 
day, September twenty-third. Rev. Mr. Emerson officiating. 
On the twenty-third day of November, the third congrega- 
tional society in Newburyport was organized, and subsequent- 
ly incorporated, under the general laws of the commonwealth 
of Massachusetts, by the name of the Whitefield Congrega- 
tional Society. An ecclesiastical council, held January i, 1850, 
assisted twenty members of the society in forming the Whitefield 
Congregational church. On the evening of the same day ser- 
vices were held in the First Presbyterian meeting house on Fed- 
eral street, and Rev. Mr. Emerson was ordained pastor of the 
Whitefield church and society. For nearly twelve months 
after that date he preached to a large congregation, assembled 
every Sunday in Market hall. His health, however, was im- 
paired by an insidious disease, and he found it imj^ossible to 
continue his work in the ministry. He died March 24, 185 i, 
and was buried in Oak Hill cemetery. 

Rev. Samuel J. Spalding was installed pastor of the church 
and society on the thirtieth day of June following. Two or 
three months later, land on the corner of State and Prospect 
streets was purchased and a meeting house, erected during the 
winter, was dedicated March 2, 1852, with approjiriate ser- 
vices and a sermon by Rev. Lyman Beecher, D. I)., from the 

1 Newburyport Herald, August 3, 1849. 



BELLEVILLE CONGREGATIONAL CHUKCLl 



305 



text : " Seek ye the Lord while he may be found, call ye upon 
him while he is near." Isaiah lv., 6. 

February 21, 1855, the meetini;" house, with the land under 
and adjoining the same, was conveyed by Philip Johnson to 
the Whitefield Church corporation," and subsequently trans- 
ferred by a deed dated May 9, 1877, to the Whitefield Con- 
gregational Church and the Whitefield Congregational Society, 
" corporations organized under the laws established by the 
Commonwealth of Massachusetts. "- 

The following-named persons have been installed pastors of 
the church : — 



Rev. John E. Emerson, January i, 1850 ; died March 24, t<S5i. 

Rev. Samuel J. Spalding, June 30, 1851; resigned and dismis.sed by 
council January 6, 1884. 

Rev. Samuel A. Harlow, November 13, 1888; resigned, and dismissed 
by council May 17, 1892. 

Rev. Frank G. Alger, April 25, 1899 ; resigned, and dismissed by coun- 
cil June 15, 1905.3 



BELLEVILLE CONGREGATIONAL CHURCH AND SOCIETV. 

The events that preceded and led to the organization of the 
Fourth Parish church in Newbury in 1807, afterwards known 
the Second Parish church in Newbury, have been described 
in a recent history of that town and need not be repeated 
here.-* 

In 1 85 I, when that part of Newbury, extending from North, 
now Oakland, street to Artichoke river, was annexed to New- 
buryport, the meeting house then standing on High street, 
near the corner of Woodland street was included within the 
limits of the last-named town ; and May 4, 1853, the corporate 



1 Essex Deeds, book 530, leaf 85. 
- Ess:x Deeds, book 976, leaf 278. 

^ Rev. Henry E. Mott was acting pastor of the church from December, 1884, 
to January, 188S, and Rev. John H. Reid from July, 1892, to April, 1898. 
■* History of Newbury (Currier), pp. 384-387. 



3b6 



HIS TOR y OF NE WB UR \ TOR T 



name of the Fourth ReUgious society in Newbury was 
changed to " Belleville Congregational Society in Newbury- 
port."' 

The first meeting house of this society was erected in 1808. 
It was struck by lightning" April i, 18 16, and completely 
destroyed. A new one was built during the following summer, 
and dedicated November 7, 18 16. It was a commodious struc- 




FOURTH PARISH MEETING HOUSE IN NEWBURY, I Si 6. 



ture, attractive in outward appearance as shown in the above 
half-tone print. 

The meeting house erected in 1816 was destroyed by an 
incendiary fire January 8, 1867. The third house of worship, 
standing on the same site, was completed and dedicated Decem- 
ber 24, 1867. The half-tone print on the next page gives a 
, view of it as it now appears with the \-estry adjoining. 



Acts and Resolves, 1853, ch. 291. 



CHURCH OF ST. ALOYSIUS DE GONZAGA 



307 



The following-named persons have been installed pastors of 
this church and society : — ■ 

Rev. James Mihimore, from iSoS to 1S36. 
Rev. John C. March, from 1836 to 1S46.' 
Rev. Daniel T. Fiske, from 1S47 to 1903.- 
Rev. Richard Wriijht, from i()03. 



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MEETING HOU.se OF IHE BELLEVILLE CONGREGATIONAL SOCIETY, I905. 



CHURCH OF .st. ai,ovsius de gonz.\g.\. 

March i, 1902, a few persons of French parentage, residing 
in Newburyport, organized the church of St. Aloysius de Gon- 
zaga. Rev. J. L. M. Levesque was appointed pastor by Arch- 

^ Rev. Mr. March was associate-pastor from 1S32 until the death of Rev. Mr. 
Miliimore, in 1836. 

2 Rev. Willis A. Iladley was associate-paslor, with Rev. Mr. Fiske, from 1887 
to 1891, Rev. Albert \V. Hitchcock, from 1891 to 1900, and Rev. Richard 
Wright, from 1901 to 1903. Rev. Mr. Fiske died January 15, 1903. 



3o8 



IIISTOR Y OF NE IV B UR ] 'FOR T 



bishop Williams, and services were held in Washington hall on 
the corner of State and Essex streets for nearly three years. In 
November, 1903, land on Beck street, extending to Federal 
street, was purchased, and in July, 1904, the corner-stone of 
the church building was laid with appropriate ceremonies. The 
first service in the new building was held February 26, 1905, 
but it was not fully completed and formally dedicated until the 
thirtieth day of May, when mass was celebrated in the pres- 
ence of Right Reverend Bishop Brady of Boston, attended by 
Rev. William H. Ryan, of the Church of the Immaculate 
Conception, Newburyport, Rev. Fr. Belanger, of St. Louis 
Church, Montreal, and a large number of clergymen from 
neighboring cities and towns. 




CHURCH OF ST. ALOYSIUS DE GONZAGA. 



CHAPTER VII. 

SCHOOLS AND SCHOOLMASTERS. 

"An act for erecting part of the town of Newbury into a 
new town by the name of Newburyport " was approved, Feb- 
ruary 4, 1 764, by Francis Bernard, governor of the province 
of Massachusetts Bay. 

At the first meeting of the inhabitants, held February 
eighth, a committee, consistmg of Mr Nathaniel Carter, Capt. 
Robert Roberts, Capt. Cutting Moody, Benjamin Greenleaf, 
Esq., and Mr. Ralph Cross, was chosen to determine how 
many new schoolhouses should be erected and where they 
should be located. 

The care and maintenance of the schools was temporarily 
provided for by the selectmen, as follows : — 

[February 9, 1764] agreed to continue Mr. [ ] Porter the Grammar 
School master in the school until ye annual meeting in March next, on 
the same Terms that he kept before the Division of the town.' 

[February 13, 1764] agreed that Mr Eleazar Hudson be continued as 
master of the writing school until the annual meeting in March next on 
the same terms that he kept it before the Division of the Town.' 

At the town meeting held on the fifteenth day of March, 
the committee, chosen February eighth, reported as follows: — 

They think it needful that at least three large schools should be pro- 
vided and maintained in sd Town, viz: one Grammar school not far from 
the Revd Mr Lowel's meeting house, and two reading, writing & arith- 
metick schools, one of them adjoining to Queen street, Ordua Lane, or 
Bartlet's Lane, preferring the latter, and the other adjoining or near 
Cross street or Elbow Lane-. 

On the twenty-third day of March, the town authorized the 
selectmen to hire a schoolhouse " for the latin school some 

^ Ntwburyport (Selectmen's) Records. 

- Newburyport Town Record.=, vol. I., p. 15. 

(309) 



3IO 



HI ST OR Y OF NE WB UR YPOR T 



where in the middle of the Town " and purchase a lot of land 
and erect a building', in the vicinity of Queen street, for the 
accommodation of the North scho(jl. 

A vote, passed at the same meeting, to set the lower, or 
South sch(wlhouse on King street " near the Engine House 
hard by Mr. Joseph Swasey's Land " was subsequently recon- 
sidered, and land was purchased of Stephen Cross and the 
schoolhouse erected on a two-rod way now known as School 
street.' May 13, 1764, John Harbut, blockmaker, sold to the 
selectmen of Newburyport a lot of land on Bartlet's lane, now 
Winter street, and the North schoolhouse was built there during 
the summer and placed in charge of John Vinal at a salary of 
eighty pounds per annum. - 

October 29, 1764, the selectmen met Mr. Vinal and Ste- 
phen Sewall, master of the South school, at the house of Mr. 
Benjamin Choate and agreed to notify the inhabitants of the 
town that the new schoolhouses would be open for the ad- 
mission of pupils on Monday, November the fifth. " Boys 
that can read in a Psalter will be received and carefully taught 
Reading, Writing & Arithmetick." School hours were from 
eight o'clock in the morning until twelve o'clock, noon, and 
from one o'clock until four o'clock in the afternoon. '* It is 
expected that each of the children bring to the schoolmaster 
two pistareens, at their entry, for their year's firing."' 

The selectmen were present at the opening of the North 
school on the fifth day of November. Rev. John Lowell 
offered prayer and in a brief address urged the pupils to 
obey and reverence their master. The selectmen then visited 
the South school, where Rev. Jonathan Parsons offered pray- 
er and made some remarks upon the duty of studying dili- 
gently and behaving with propriety during school hours. 

March 18, 1766, the selectmen were authorized to furnish 
firewood for the public schools at the expense of the town ; and 
three days later they were instructed to visit the schools 

' Newburyport Town Records, vol. I., pp. 19, 20; and Newburyport (Select- 
men's) Records. 

- " Ould Newbury," p. 613, note. 

^Newburyport (Selectmen's) Records, November i, 1764. 



SCHOOLS AND SCHOOLMASTERS 



311 



quarterly " with a number of Gentlemen of said Town with 
them."' The teachers at that date were John Vinal, Stephen 
Sewall and Samuel Parker. In 1767, Moses Holt was appoint- 
ed teacher of the i^rammar school in place of Samuel Parker, 
resigned. Mr. Holt served until 1771, when Jeremiah P"ogg 
was appointed, at a salary of sixty pounds per annum. In 

1773, the selectmen agreed with Nicolas Pike to keep the 
school for eighty pounds per year, to begin August sixteenth, 
" He being approved on by the minister of the town."- In 

1774, Mr. Pike opened an evening school in the town house 
on Pish, now State, street, to which pupils were admitted on 
the payment of a small fee.^^ March 22, 1775, the following- 
advertisement was published in the Essex Journal and Merri- 
mack Packet : — 

On the 3rd of April will be opened, at the Town House, as usual, a 
private school for the benefit of young Ladies, from 1 1 to 1 o'clock and 
as the time from 5 to 7 o'clock p. M. is more agreeable to some, should a 
sufficient nvunber appear, attendance will also then be given by their 
humble servant. nicolas piki£.4 

Other advertisements relating to private schools in New- 
buryport were published early in the year 1775, as follows: — 

A school Mistress, whose abilities and good character are well attested 
is engaged to take care of a school in this Town for the Education of 
Misses. She will teach English and French, and all sorts of Needle Work. 
As particular attention to every scholar is intended, the School will not 

1 Newburyport Town Records, vol. I., p. 74. 

'^ Newburyport (Selectmen's) Records. 

^ Essex Journal and Merrimack Packet, .September 28, 1774. 

Nicolas Pike published an arithmetic, in 1786, which was highly commended 
by "Washington, in a letter to the author, which closes as follows : — - 

"I hope and trust that the work will ultimately prove not less profitable than 
reputable to yourself. It seems to have been conceded on ail hands that such a 
system was much wanted. Its merits being established by the approbation of 
competent judges, I flatter myself that the idea of its being an American pro- 
duction and the first of the kind which has appeared, will induce every patriotic 
and liberal character to give it all the countenance and patronage in his power. 
In all events you may rest assured that as no person takes more interest in the en- 
couragement of American genius, so no one will be more highly gratified with the 
success of your ingenious, arduous and useful undertaking than he who has the 
pleasure to subscribe himself, with esteem and regard, 

Sir, your most obedient and very humble servant, G. Washington." 

^Nicolas Pike died in Newburyport December 9, 1819, aged seventy-six. 



312 



HIS TOR y OF NE IV B i 'A' YPOR T 



be large, — near half the number are already engaged. Those who incline 
to send their Daughters, are desired to apply to John Lowell or Tristram 
Dal ton.' 

JOSEI'H EMERSON 

Takes this opportunity to advise the public that on Monday the 29111 
Instant he intends to open the school formerly improved by Mr. Samuel 
Emerson for the instruction of Children in Reading, Writing, Arithmetic, 
or Grammar. All persons who desire to commit the instruction of their 
children to his care in all, or any, of the above mentioned branches of 
Literature may depend upon his constant attendance for that puipose 
and the greatest fidelity in the discharge of the important trust reposed 
in him.= 

March 9, 1780, a committee, consisting" of Mark I'itz, Ralph 
Cross, Tristram Dalton, Echiiiind Bartlet, Jonathan Jackson, 
Capt. William Coombs and Dr. Micajah Sawyer, was chosen 
by the inhabitants of Newburyport to examine the pul)lic 
schools and adjust the salaries of the teachers. This commit- 
tee reported the following' rules and regulations, which were 
accepted and adopted at a town meeting held April third : — 

1st That by reason of Mr. Sewall's advanced age and infirmities it is 
recommended that an Usher should be appointed to the South school and 
that Mr. Sewall relinciuish half his salary for that purj^ose. 

2nd That two whole weeks in the year be allowed to the schools as 
vacation and that no publick days shall be allowed as vacant time more 
than to the amount of a third week. 

3d That the Schools shall be steadily kept, in their proper hours, not 
exchanging one time for another. 

4th That the town choose a Committee to visit the Schools as often 
as once a quarter, and report whenever the Town requires it. 

5th That the standard bv which the schoolmasters' salaries shall be 
regulated shall be at the same advance from the sums they originally 
agreed at, as day laborers", joiners' and ship carpenters' wages, when 
averaged, shall exceed what they were in the year 1774.-^ 

Voted that M'- Mark Fitz, M'- Edmund Bartlet, Capt William Coombs, 
Doctr Micajah Sawyer, Tristram Dalton, Escj., Stephen Hooper, Esq., 
and Mr Nathaniel Tracy be a committee to put the foregoing report into 
effect and to look out for and agree with an Usher for the South wrighting 
school. 

' Essex Journal and Merrimack Packet, Februarys, 1775 (Boston Athenaeum). 
- Essex Journal and Merrimack Packet, May 26, 1775 (Boston Alhcna;um), 
3 Newburyport Town Records, vol. L, pp. 325, 326. 



SCffOOI.S AND SCHOOLMASTERS 



313 



September 17, 1781, a committee, previously appointed, 
recommended that Mr. Norton have sole charge of that school, 
*' he to have full salary with the other masters ;" that Mr. Sewall 
be placed in charge of the North school until a writing mas- 
ter can be obtained and qualified for that service ; and that an 
agreement be made with master Sewall to keep a school in his 
own house for small children " unable to read words of two 
syllables without spelling." The report of the committee 
closed with the following recommendations : — 

That the several masters and their schohus Ije allowed Saturday after- 
noons for their amusement and Diversion & that the Masters be further 
exempted from their services twenty-four days in each year, including the 
times of election, commencement, September Court week &c and no 
more. . That no persons be admitted in any of the Town Schools 

from whom the masters shall receive an}- pay or allowance exclusive of 
their salaries.' 

The selectmen, assisted l^y some of the prominent citizens 
of the town, were expected to visit the public schools and ex- 
amine the pupils at least once a year. In 1784, the following- 
named persons attended to that duty : — - 

E. Wigglesworth Hon. Benjamin Greenleaf Dr. Micajah Sawyer 

David Coats Theophilus Parsons, Esq. Rufus King, Esq. 

William Coombs Stephen Hooper Esq. John Tracy, Esq. 

Michael Hodge Theophilus Bradbury, Esq. Mr Daniel Kilham 

William Bartlet Dr. John B. Swett Mr Samuel Tufts 

Maj. Enoch Titcomb 

For two or three years in succession the same persons were 
annually re-elected. At a later date. Rev. John Murray, Rev. 
Thomas Cary, Rev. Samuel Spring and Rev. Edward Bass 
were members of the committee. 

In 1786, the opening of a new evening school for men and 
bo)'s led to the publication of the following notice : — ^ 

' Newl)uryport Town Records, vol. I., pp. 362, 363. 

* Newburyport Town Records, vol. I., p. 418. 

^ In 1786, Nicolas Pike was teacher of the grammar school, and Bishop 
Norton of the ^'outh writing school. John Mycall was employed to teach the 
North writing school until April 10, 17S6, and John Hills, from that date until 
January 10, 1787. 



3 1 4 HIS rOR y OF NE IV B UR YPOR T 

Wednesday, December 6, i 786. 
Whereas we the Subscribers have, for a number of years, endeavoured 
diHgently and faithfully to serve this town in the instruction of their 
youth, as well with a view to their interest, as to gain a subsistence for 
themselves. And in as much as, for several years past, so many Even- 
ing Schools have been kept, that the Scholars, when divided, have not 
been sufficient to compensate us for our trouble. We, the two first sub- 
scribers, thank the public for their past favors, and take this opportunity 
to inform them that we are obliged to discontinue our Evening Schools, 
for the present season, for the reasons already given and in consequence 
of a stranger who lias, in violation of agreement, ungenerously, and with 
a view to engross all the scholars to himself, opened a school for nine 
.shillings per Quarter. We, the two last subscribers, have opened our 
schools, at six shillings per Quarter, and are determined to make further 
sacrifices, if necessary. 

Nicolas Pike 
Bishop Norton 
Robert Long 
John R.wxes.' 

In the month of January, I7<S7, R()])crt Long was appointed 
master of the North school to take the place of John Hills, 
who had resigned on account of ill health. In the month of 
September following, Thomas Thompson, Jr., was engaged by 
the selectmen to take the place made vacant by the resigna- 
tion of Robert Long.^ 

[March 24, 1789] Voted that the Selectmen together with Capt : Wm 
Coombs, Mr William Bartlet and Mr Samuel Greenleaf be a committee 
to treat with M'' John Herbert respecting the sale of the North school 
Irouse & the lot it stands upon to him & to enquire if some other lot may 
be purchased for the purpose of building another school house upon. 3 

The vote to sell the North schoolhotise was stibsequently 
reconsidered, and March 9, 1790, the selectmen were author- 
ized *' to btiild a new school house, for the North school to be 
kept in, . . . somewhere near the Hay scale on the Town 
land." The building was probably erected during the following 
summer. ■♦ Scholars residing abo\e State street attended the 

' Essex Journal and Merrimack Packet (American Antiquarian Society, Wor- 
cester, Mass.). 
2 Newburyport (Selectmen's) Records. 
•' Newburyport Town Records, vol. I., p. 535. 
'' " Ould Newburv," p. 614. 



SCHOOLS AND SCHOOLMASTERS 315 

North school, and those residing below State street attended 
the South school. 

On the eighteenth day of March, 1790, a petition, signed 
by Timothy Palmer and others, " respecting a free school for 
the Education of Female Children," was referred to a com- 
mittee, consisting of Jonathan Jackson, Stephen Hooper, Jon- 
athan Greenleaf, Capt. Jacob Boardman, Capt. William Coombs, 
and the ministers of the several religious societies in the town. 
This committee reported. March 22, 1791, in favor of estab- 
lishing three or four schools for young girls, with female teach- 
ers, to begin on the first day of April and continue until the 
first day of October. Pupils between five and nine years of 
age were to be admitted and taught to read any chapter in the 
Pible and, if required, " plain or common needle work and 
knitting."' The recommendations were adopted, and the 
schools established. Two or three years later, there were six 
public schools in the town for young girls and several private 
schools for girls of m(jre mature age, at which embroider}^ on 
silk or satin and needlework of every sort were taught. - 

September 9, 1791, the selectmen and school committee 
were authorized and instructed to divide the town into school 
districts and establish the bounds and limits of each district. 
May 10, 1792, rules were adopted for the more convenient 
classification of the public schools, as follows : — 

1. Voted that none Ije admitted into any of the masters" schools until 
they can without hesitation read words of two syllables without sijelling, 
and are capable of keeping their places when classed. 

2. Voted that Arithmetic be not taught in the schools at the two e.\- 
tremes of the town but in the Centre Grammar School only. 

3. Voted that the Grammar School Master teach no writing. 

4. Voted that in all the Schools English Grammar be taught and 
reading with propriety, according to the rules laid down in the art of 
Speaking, to such scholars as can read in the Bible. 

5. \'oted that in addition to the Bible and other books already used 
in the schools, the Lady's Accidence, for the puipose of teaching English 

^ Newburyport Town Records, vol. II., pp. 2, 9 and 30. 

'■^Mrs. Woodberry announced in the Impartial Herald, March 5, 1794, that she 
would open a boarding school for young ladies at her house on Market street, 
where instruction would be given in the French and English languages, draw- 
ing, embroidery, etc. 



2 1 6 HIS TOR Y OF NE WBUR\ TOR T 

Grammar: the Art of Speaking and the Citizen's Friend, for the purpose 
of teaching Reading with propriety ; be considered and recommended as 
school books for the several masters to teach from, to such scholars as 
come provided with them.' 

6. Voted that during the months of April, May, June, July, August & 
September, when the number of scholars in the Grammar School consid- 
erably diminishes, the master keep the Boys only two hours in each half 
day, & immediately after their dismission, receive and instruct, for one 
hour & an half in English Grammar & to read with propriety, all such 
Girls as are subjects, according to the restriction hereafter mentioned viz : 
That they read tolerably well in the Bible before admittance, that the 
subjects of said school be restricted by the Tax Bill to all such Inhabi- 
tants as pay Taxes for three hundred pounds Real & Personal Estate or 
under, and those who pay for more than that sum to be excluded sending 
any Girls : and that the master be paid twenty-six shillings & eight pence 
per month for his additional services. 

7. Voted to establish two Charity Schools to be taught by Mistresses 
until the first of October next to enable poor Boys to read words of two 
syllables, also girls, till they attain a like qualification provided the num- 
ber of boys does not exceed forty in each school, and that the selectmen 
be desired to put this vote in execution. 

8. Voted that these two school mistresses be allowed three pounds 
per month for their services. ^ 

Michael Walsh, the author of Walsh's arithmetic was mas- 
ter of the grammar school, in the centre of the town, as early 
as 1794.'' He was born in Ireland in 1763, and came to 
America, settling in Salisbmy, Mass., previous to 1785. He 
was natiu"alized by the General Court February 7, i786.-* 

[March 17, 1796] Voted to allowed Mr. Walsh, the Clrammar School 
Master, an addition of fifty dollars to his salary the ensuing year.5 

1 " The Young Lady's Accidence, or a short and easy introduction to English 
Grammar," by Caleb Bingham, A. M., was published in Boston in 1789. 
Newburyport Town Records, vol. II., p. 49. 

^ " [August 27, 1794] Proceeded to examine the Grammar School under the 
care of Mr. Michael Walsh, found 38 scholars present : — ihe whole number 50." 
School Committee Records. 

^ Acts and Resolves, 1 785-1 786, ch. 43. 

■^ Newburyport Town Records, vol. II., ]i. 122. 

The following advertisements, published in the Impartial Herald, indicate that 
master Walsh, in addition to his work as a public school teacher, conducted a 
private school on his own account. 

" Michael Walsh, Intends to begin a Morning School for Writing, arithmetic 
and accounts on the first Monday in May next. Newburyport 28"' April, 1795." 



SCHOOLS AND SCHOOLMASTERS 



317 




SCHOOLHOUSE AT SOUTHEASTERT.Y END OF BARTLET MALL. 

April 4, 1796, the inhabitants of Newburyport voted to 
build a brick schoolhousc at the southeasterly end of Frog 
pond/ and on or about the middle of November the building 
was completed and occupied by the pupils of the grammar 
school.- July 6, 1809, a committee was appointed to put a 
second story on the brick schotjlhouse in order to accommodate 
the Centre school. 



" Michael Walsh proposes to open a morning school for the instruction of 
young ladies in Book Keeping and in Practical Arithmetic on the twenty-second 
day of April [1798]." 

"[March 24, 1803] Voted that in consequence of the resignation of Mr. 
Michael Walsh, Grammar School Master, a Committee of three be appointed to 
wait on him and refjuest him to continue in his School until a suitable person be 
provided to succeed him ; and that the Same Committee be authorized to procure 
a Grammar School Master as speedily as possible." School Committee Records. 

In 1805, Master Walsh removed to Salisbury Point where he lived until his 
death. The inscription on his gravestone reads as follows : — 

" Michael Walsh, a native of Ireland, died Aug. 20, 1840, aged 77. Hannah, 
his wife, died June 18, 1803, aged 38. John, their son, died at St. Louis, Dec. 
3, 1845, aged 51." 

1 " Ould Newbury," pp. 615-617. 

^Newburyport Town Records, vol. II., p. 139. 



3x8 HIS TOR y OF NE IV B I 'R YPOR T 

Meanwhile, schools for t;'irls nine years of age, and older, 
were established and maintained for several years. 

[April 4, i(So4] Voted that four schools be established for the in- 
struction of female children above the age of nine years to be kept six 
months, from 6 to S o'clock A. M. and Thursday afternoon & the select- 
men provide masters iS: places for instruction.' 

These schools were kept in dwelling houses between Kent 
and Lime streets. For the better accommodation of the boys 
in the north part of the town a lot of land on the corner of 
Kent, and Merrill, now Russia, streets was purchased and 
a two-story brick schoolhouse erected there in 1805." This 
building' was used as a schoolhouse until 1854, when it was 
sold and converted into a dwelling house. 

In 18 16, several additional schools for girls were established. 
During that year, Mary Coffin had charge of the school in 
Kent street, at the residence of William Tappan. 

Rebecca Gallishan, who resided on Boardman street, tatight 
school in the house where she lived. Fanny Greenough had 
charge of the school on Summer street, at the residence of 
Capt. William Fawson. Abigail Funt taught the Market 
Street school, at the residence of Fdmund Bartlet. Alice 
Stickney and Mary A. Davis had charge of the schools in the 
upper and lower stories of the house occupied by Joshua 
Greenleaf on Beck street, and Elizabeth Noyes taught at the 
residence of Charles Cook on Fime street. A grammar and 
writing school for girls was kept in the coml house by Mary 
Chadbourne ; in the North schoolhouse " near Frog pond " by 
Eliza Ann Funt ; and in the vestry of the Federal Street 
meeting house by Susan F Moulton. 

March 24, 1 8 1 7, the school committee was recjuested to 
consider the advisability of adopting the Fancastrian system 
of education in the public schools.^ After some delay the 
committee decided to test the new system in the school kept 
by Master Coolidge at the northwesterly end of the mall. 

1 Newburyport Town Records, vol. II., p. 298. 
■^Newburyport Town Records, vol. III., p. 316. 
^Newburyport Town Records, vol. III., p. 3. 



SCHOOLS AND SCHOOLMASTERS 



319 



March 24, 1821, a special committee, consisting of the select- 
men, the clergymen, and the following-named citizens : Hon. 
William 1^. Bannister, Hon. Jeremiah Nelson, Hon. George 
Thacher, Hon. Samuel S. Wilde, Ebenezer Moscley, Esq., 
Abraham Williams, Esc|., John Fitz, Samuel Tenney, Eben- 
ezer Shillaber, Joseph S. Pike, Whittingham Oilman and 
John Merrill, was chosen to consider the wisdom and propriety 
of extending the system toother schools in the town.' 

On the twenty-ninth day of March, this committee reported 
that the classification of pupils, the studies in which they were 
engaged, the appointment of monitors, the distribution of 
rewards, and the infliction of punishments were the prominent 
and distinguishing features of the Lancastrian system, and 
closed with the statement that having repeatedly visited the 
school kept by Jonathan Coolidge they were convinced that 
the system of teaching established there was far superior to 
the ordinary method of instruction. This report was accepted 
and the conmiittee instructed to organize two Lancastrian 
schools to take the place of four writing schools. In 1822, a 
new brick schoolhouse was erected on School street, but the 
proposed enlargement of the schoolhouse at the northwester- 
ly end of the mall was postponed for one year. 

[March 10, 1S23] Voted that the selectmen procure a plan of the 
addition which the .school committee have judged to be necessary to 
enlarge the school house at the West end of the Mall, occupied by Mr. 
Coolidge, and to contract with the person who will do it the cheapest. ^ 

On the thirtieth day of May following, the selectmen were 
authorized to erect a new brick schoolhouse at the northwest- 
erly end of the mall instead of making an addition to the one- 
story wooden building then standing there. ^ The new school- 
house was completed in October at a cost of about two thou- 
sand dollars.-* The Lancastrian system of education under the 
superx'ision of Master Coolidge was exceedingly popular for 

iNewburyport Town Records, vol. III., p. 90. 
- Newburyport Town Records, vol. III., p. 131. 
•' " Ould Newbury," p. 614. 

^ It was destroyed by fire in 1S6S. The half-tone print on the next page is 
from a photograph taken a few years previous to that date. 



320 



HI ST OR Y OF NE WB UR YPOR T 




SCHOOLHOUSE Al' NOKI HWESTKRl.Y END OF KARTI ETT MAIL. 

ten or fifteen years, but afterwards fell into disfavor and was 
quietly abandoned.' 

Moses Brown, a prominent merchant of Newburyj^ort, gave 
by his will, proved the first Tuesday in March, 1827, "the 
sum of six thousand dollars as a fund for the use and support 
of a grammar school in said town forever," and provided, by a 
codicil, that this fund should accumulate until the principal 
and interest amounted to the sum of fifteen thousand dollars. 
Roger S. Howard was appointed master of the centre gram- 
mar school July 20, 1829. In 1831, the two-story brick build- 
ing, in which the school was kept, was repaired and rearranged 
for the accommodation of the Latin and English High school, 
at a later date called the Brown High school. David P. Page 
was appointed instructor for the English dej^artment, March 
5, 1832, and Mr. Howard had charge of the classical depart- 
ment. Under the supervision of these teachers the grade of 



1 At a town meeting held March 24, 1830, a petition, signed by Joseph T. Pike 
and others, was referred to a special committee who reported on the twelfth day of 
April following that it was inexpedient to return to the old method of school in- 
struction, and further consideration of the subject was postponed until several 
years later, when by unanimous consent the Lancastrian system was abolished. 



SCHOOLS AND SCHOOLMASTERS 



321 



the school was raised and a high standard of scholarship main- 
tained. Mr. Page resigned in December, 1844, to take charge 
of the State Normal School in Albany, N. Y.' Mr. Howard 
retained his {position for nearly twelve months longer. 

In addition to the public schools, several private schools 
were established in Newburyport, and well patronized between 
the years 1830 and 1850. In a building near the post-office 




DAVID PERKINS PAGE. 



' December 17, 1844, the pupils connected with the English department of the 
high school presented Mr. Page with a silver pitcher, two silver cups, a gold 
pencil and a large unabridged dictionary as tokens of their respect and esteem. 
A few days later he removed to Albany, N. Y. January i, 1847, he published a 
book on the "Theory and Practice of Teaching,'" which is still considered an 
authority on the subject of which it treats. It was republished in 1885, with 
editorial notes and comments by W. II. Payne, Professor of the Science and Art 
of Teaching in the University of Michigan. 

Mr. Page died in Albany January i, 1848. The above half-tone print is 
taken from a steel engraving in Barnard's Journal of Education for December, 
185S. 



32: 



HIS TOR Y OF NE IV B UR YPORT 



Albert Pike had a school for boys and girls in 1830, and in 
October of that year he opened an evening" school in the lower 
story of Washington hall on Green street/ 

John R. Rollins taught Latin and Greek as well as English 
grammar, history and mathematics in a building on the east- 
erly side of Brown square, pi"e\iously occupied as a school- 
house by Alfred W. Pike/ 

PZbenezer Savory had a school for boys in the lower story 
of the Newburyport academy in 1840, and three or four years 
later he opened a school for boys and girls in the vestry of the 
Second Presbyterian meeting house on Harris street. 

October i, 1831, Robert Jenkins, executor of the will of 
John Greenleaf, conveyed to the town of Newburyport a lot 
of land bounded by Buck, Congress and Kent streets.-^ On 
the fourteenth day of April, 1836, the school committee was 
authorized to establish two more primary schools, " if needed," 
and to continue one of the female grammar schools through 
the year in the school room on Pleasant street/ In Decem- 
ber, 1838, two grammar schools for girls were begun and con- 
tinued through the winter. May 14, 1840, the selectmen 
were instructed to build a schoolhouse on Purchase street for 
the female grammar and primary school established in that 
locality/ 

[May I, 1841] Voted to build a new school hou.se on the town's land 
on Congress street.*' 

[.September 3, 1S41] Voted to build a school house on the town land 
on Congress and Kent streets like the one now erecting on the said 
land. 

At a town meeting held March 28, 1842, plans for estab- 
lishing a high school for girls were referred to the school com- 
mittee who subsequently reported in favor of the project. 

1 Newburyport Herald, May 21, and October 12, 1830. 
- Newburyport Herald, September 7, 1838. 

•' Essex Deeds, book 262, leaf 149. A part of this four and one-half acres of 
land is now Gushing park. 

'' Newburyport Town Records, vol. HI., \). 351. 
■^Newburyport Town Records, vol. IV., p. 85. 
* Newburyport Town Records, vol. IV., p. no. 



SCHOOLS AND SCHOOLMASTERS 



323 



[March 2S, 1S43] Voted to establish a Female High School with a 
male instructor and such assistants as may be necessary in accordance 
with the report of the School Committee, and that the selectmen be 
authorized and directed to purchase and procure a lot of land in a cen- 
tral situation and proceed to the erection of a suital)]e building therefor : 
the location and plan of the same to be approved of by the School Com- 
mittee ; and that said Committee be authoi-ized to adopt such measures 
as shall be necessary to establish said school.' 

The Newburyport I'^emale Hig'h scho(3l, Ebcn S. Stearns, 
principal, Miss S. A. Sweet and Miss S. A. Green, assistants, 
was or<;anizeJ December 18, 1843, in an en<;"ine house on 




FEMALE HIGH SCHOOL TIOUSE. 



Pleasant street, while the school building on the corner of 
Court street and Union, now Washington, streets was being 
erected.' Temporary benches and chairs were provided for 
the pupils in the new schoolhouse, and the first session of the 
school was held there February 5, 1844. It attracted many 
visitors from neighboring towns dtuing the first ten years of 
its existence, and was, probably, the first female high school 
established in the United States. 

Eben S. Stearns resigned as principal September 22, 1847. 



1 Newburyport Town Records, vol. IV., p. 146. 

- Newburyport Herald, December 19, 1843; also, notice relating to the examin- 
ation of schools, published in the Herald March 15, 1844. 



324 



HISTORY OF NEWBURYFORT 



Moses p. Case was appointed November 30, 1 847, and served 
until August 21, 1854. William C. Todd was appointed 
September 24, 1854, and served until April 9, 1864. Albert 
Hale was principal from May 5, 1864, to 1865, and J. D. 
Bartley from 1865 to 1868, when the school was united with 
the Brown High school, and removed to the Putnam Free 
School building on High street opposite Bartlet mall. 

Miss S. A. Green was an assistant teacher in the school 
from December, 1843, until July, 1868 ; Miss Susan A. Swett, 
from December, 1843, to January, 1845; Miss Lucy C. 
Allen, from P'ebruary, 1845, to November, 1846; Miss Mary 
Ann Shaw, from November, 1 846, to February, 1 848 ; Miss Mar- 
garet Clarkson, from P"ebruary, 1848, to September, 1858; Miss 
Elizabeth A. Townsend, from 1858 to 1865 ; and Miss Eunice 
T. Plummer, from 1865 to 1867. Miss Sophie Pike was em- 
ployed as an assistant for four months in 1867. She was 
succeeded by Miss Maria Thurston, who remained until the 
school was removed to the Putnam Free School building in 
1868. After that date, the west male grammar school and 
the centre female grammar school occupied the Female High 
School building until it was destroyed by fire, in 1871. 

After the removal of David P. Page to Albany, N. Y., in 
December, 1844, to take charge of the State Normal School 
there, Elias Nason was appointed principal of the Brown High 
school in Newburyport. William Reed was employed as 
teacher of the English department in 1851. 

Two years later, a building on the turnpike, now State 
street, previously occupied as a town house by the inhabitants 
of the town of Newbury was remodeled and the school was 
removed there, where it remained until 1868, when, united 
with the P^emale High school, it was transferred, by an agree- 
ment made with the trustees of the Putnam Free school, to 
the school building on the corner of Green and High streets. 
This agreement, several times renewed, was dissolved by a 
decree of the supreme court of Massachusetts in 1902. In 
June of that year, in order to avoid further legal complications, 
the city of Newburyport, by the right of eminent domain, 
took possession of the building now used for the accommoda- 



NE WB UR YPOR T A CAD EM Y 



125 




BROWN mcH SCHOOL HOUSE. 



tion of the Brown High, the Female High and the Putnam 
Free schools.' 



NEWRURVFORT ACADEMY. 

June 20, 1807, Joshua Carter, Daniel Dana, James Morse, 
Richard Pike, Edward Rand, Thomas M. Clark, Samuel A. 
Otis, Jonathan Gage, William Woart, and Edward St. Loe 
Livermore, their associates and successors, were incorporated 
by the name of "The Newburyport Academ)," with power to 

1 For further details relating to these schools, see The Newburyport Herald for 
January 5, 12, 19 and 26, and February 2 and 9, 1878, containing a series of his- 
torical papers contributed by Oliver B. Merrill. 



32 6 HIS TOR V OF NE WB UR YPOR T 

purchase and hold real estate and establish a fund for the use 
of the academy.' 

A two-story brick building was erected on High street, 
opposite the head of Fruit street, and a private school for boys 
and girls was opened there October 20, 1807, Hon. Edward 
St. Loe Livermore delivering an address appropriate to the 
occasion. 

In 1809, the following-named persons were officers of the 
Newburyport academy : — 

Hon. Edward St. Loe Livermore, president: John Peabodv, E.sq., 
treasurer ; Seth Sweetser, clerk ; Joshua Carter, Samuel A. Otis, Rev. 
Daniel Dana, Jonathan Gage, Rev. James Morse, William Woart, Rich- 
ard Pike, William Bartlet, Edward Rand, Capt. Ebenezer Wheelwright 
and Thomas M. Clark, trustees. 

In 181 1, Rev. Daniel Dana was chosen president, in place 
of Hon. Edward St. Loe Livermore, who had resigned. At 
that date, Joseph Dana was preceptor of the academy. In 
1825, Alfred W. Pike had charge of the male department and 
Miss Philippa Call of the female department. Miss Call resigned 
in April, 1826, and her place was supplied by Mrs. Frances 
Lord of Boston, who subsecjuently married Dr. Richard S. 
Spoffordof Newburyport. Isaac W. Wheelwright had charge 
of the school in i 828, and Roger S. Howard, a few years later. 
Elias Nason opened a school for young ladies in the upper 
story, and Ebenezer Savory had a school for boys in the lower 
story of the academy in 1840. In 1842, the academy building 
was sold to John Osgood and Charles J. Brockway, and con- 
verted into a dwelling house for two families. 

PUTNAM FREE SCHOOL. 

Oliver Putnam, born in Newbury November 17, 1777, died 
in Hampstead, N. 11., July 11, 1826. In his will he gave a 
portion of his estate " for the establishment and supp(M"t of a 
free English school in Newburyport for the instruction of 
youth wherever they may belong."^ His wise and noble 
bequest was warmly commended by the newspapers of the day. 

' Acts and Resolves, 1806- 1807, ch. 20. 
° " Ould Newbury," pp. 193-197. 



PUTNAM FREE SCHOOL 327 

Such a generous bequest so expressive of the liberality of the deceased 
and his affection for the place of his early residence, should call fortli 
the deepest gratitude on the part of those who will share in his munifi- 
cence. We may be permitted to suggest that some token of our regard 
for the memory of so noble a benefactor should be kept as a peipetual 
memorial of gratitude and respect. It should be a public monument ; 
and measures ought to be immediately taken to effect it, tardy gratitude 
is more reprehensible than even tardy justice.' 

April 9, 183S, Caleb Cushing, Edward S. Rand, Daniel 
Dana, William B. Bannister, Josiah Little, Ebenezer Stone, 
Henry Johnson, Roger S. Howard, and their successors, were 
incorporated by the name of the Trustees of the Putnam Free 
School.- A lot of land on the corner of Green and High 
streets opposite Bartlet mall, was purchased and a convenient 
and commodious two-story brick building erected for the use 
of the school. 

The word "youth " in the will of Oliver Putnam was va- 
riously interpreted, and the inhabitants of Newburyport ap- 
pointed a committee, April 9, 1845, to confer with the trus- 
tees of the school in regard to the proposed admission of 
pupils of both sexes. The committee was authorized to insti- 
tute amicable proceedings, if necessary, in the supreme judicial 
court to determine the question in dispute.^ 

After several consultations the committee reported, May 4, 
1846, that the trustees were in favor of opening and maintain- 
ing a school for boys and girls in the new building, where- 
upon the inhabitants of Newburyport passed the following 
vote : — 

Whereas by the munificent bequest of the late Oliver Putnam, lisq., 
provision is made " for the establishment and support of a Free English 
School in Newburyport for the instruction of Youth wherever they may 
belong . . . the youth to be instructed in reading, writing and arithme- 
tic and particularly in the English language and in those branches of 
knowledge necessary to the correct management of the ordinary affairs 
of life, whether public or private, but not in the dead languages," and 
whereas it is understood that the trustees appointed under said bequest 

'Newburyport Herald, July 18, 1826. 

- Acts and Resolves, 1838, ch. 85. 

^ Newburyport Town Records, vol. IV., p. 217. 



32 8 HIS TORY OF NE WB UR YPORT 

propose to appropriate the fund thus bequeathed to the maintenance of a 
school for girls as well as boys and it is believed that the testator by his 
will intended to establish a school for the instruction of the male sex only. 
Now, in order to make sure that the intention of said testator is sacredly 
carried into effect, and in order to maintain the interests and honor 
of the town in the'premises : Voted that the Committee of the Town, 
consisting of George Lunt, Ebenezer Bradbury, Jacob Horton, Moses D. 
Randall, George T. Granger, Charles H. Hudson, and Nathan Follans- 
bee [appointed at a Town meeting held on the ninth day of April, A. D. 
1845 in relation to this question] be and they hereby are authorized to 
take such measures as they may deem expedient for the puipose of ob- 
taining the judgment of the Supreme Court of the Commonwealth in 
regard to the meaning of the language employed by Mr. Putnam for the 
application of his said bequest.' 

July 6, 1847, "^ ^il^ ^V'^s filccl by the district attorney, pray- 
ing the court to restrain the trustees from applying or appro- 
priating any part of the fund, or of the income, to the instruc- 
tion of girls. At the November term, held in Salem, the 
court decided that the language of the will did not limit the 
pupils of the school to boys only, but was broad enough to 
justify the trustees in establishing a school for the instruction 
of youth of both sexes. 

The school building was dedicated April 12, 1848. Rev. 
Daniel Dana made the dedicatory prayer ; Hon. Edward S. 
Rand, president of the board of trustees gave a brief biograph- 
ical sketch of Oliver Putnam, and William H. Wells, who had 
been appointed principal of the school, delivered an address, 
which was followed by appropriate remarks from His Excel- 
lency George N. Briggs, governor of the commonwealth. 

In 1868, an agreement was made by the trustees of the 
school and the city of Newburyport to unite the Brown High, 
the Female High and the Putnam Free schools. The building 
was enlarged to accommodate the pupils of these schools. This 
arrangement was continued without interruption until 1902, 
when the city of Newburyport took the land and building, by 
right of eminent domain, and now owns the property, the trus- 
tees of the Putnam Free school paying a certain stipulated 
sum annually for the instruction of a limited number of pupils. 

' Newburyport Town Records, vol. IV., p. 256. 



WHEELWRIGHT SCIENTIFIC SCHOOL 309 

WHEELWRIGHT SCIENTIFIC SCHOOL. 

William Wheelwright, by his will, proved November 18, 
1873, gave to Caleb Gushing, Robert Codman, Eben F. 
Stone, Charles G. Wood, William B. Atkinson, ''and the 
Mayor of Newburyport for the time being," two-ninths of his 
estate, in trust, the income to be appHed " to the assistance of 
such Protestant young men of the city of Newburyport as the 
said trustees shall consider deserving and meritorious, in ob- 
taining a scientific education." 

February 18, 1882, the trustees, their associates and suc- 
cessors, were made a corporation, by the name of the Wheel- 
wright Scientific School, " with all the powers and privileges 
and subject to all the duties, restrictions, and liabilities set 
forth in all general laws which now are or may hereafter be 
in force and applicable to such corporations."' 

The testator provided in his will that the fund could be 
used for the erection and endowment of a scientific school in 
Newburyport, " provided that no more than fifty thousand 
dollars shall be expended upon the buildings," or if, in the 
judgment of the trustees, the fund was inadequate for that 
purpose it could be allowed to accumulate, or the whole or 
any part of the income could be used in educating Protestant 
young men in the higher branches of mathematics, civil en- 
gineering, or mineralogy. 

The fund now amounts to the sum of four hundred and 
fifty thousand dollars. A part of the annual income, since 
1882, has been used to assist graduates of the Newburyport 
High school in obtaining a thorough scientific education at 
the Institute of Technology in Boston. 

The trustees of the Wheelwright fund at the present time 
are as follows : — 

Lawrence B. Gushing, pre.sident; Edmund D. Codman, 
James E. Whitney, treasurer; Thomas C. Simpson, 

John W. Winder, secretary ; William F. Houston.^ 

^Acts and Resolves, 1882, ch. 23. 
^ Mayor of the city of Newburyport. 



339 



HIS TOR V OF NE IV B UK VPORT 



SUNDAY SCHOOLS. 



The gathering of children for rehgious or secular instruc- 
tion on Sunday was not looked upon with favor in New Eng- 
land a century ago. The following items, published in the 
newspapers of the day, indicate the doubt and distrust with 
which the organization of Sunday schools was then regarded : — 

The benevolence of a number of Gentlemen in Philadelphia has led 
them to form a Society for the establishment of Sunday Schools for the 
purpose of teaching the children of the poor to read and write. Pity 
their benevolence did not extend so far as to afford them tuition on days 
when it is lawful to follow such pursuits and not thereby lay a foundation 
for the profanation of the Sabbath.' 

Three Sunday schools have been opened in Philadelphia lately. These 
are designed not only to convey proper instruction to youth but to pre- 
vent that misuse of time which the neglect of domestic restraints and 
private instructions as well as the irregular associations on public days 
too often occasion. The success is doubtful if we may regard the labors 
in Protestant countries as fair experiments. The restraint of domestic 
life and the regular hours of public devotion have proved the most suc- 
cessful means of promoting the best manners in society and they com- 
bine at once the religion of the heart and life.- 

In 1817, the Newburyport Sabbath School and Tract So- 
ciety was organized for the purpose of distributing religious 
tracts and giving religious instruction to children of both se.xes. 
On the eleventh day of November, the editor of the Newbury- 
port Herald, in an article on Sunday schools, said : " We are 
happy to learn that one of these schools has recently been 
formed in this town." 

Sunday, August 16, 18 18, Rev. Daniel Dana deli\-ered an 
address, at five o'clock in the afternoon, in the meeting house 
on Prospect street, before si.xty teachers and seven or eight 
hundred children connected with two Sunday schools. ^ 

At the annual meeting of the Newburyport Sabbath School 
and Tract Society held in the vestry of the Prospect street 
meetinghouse, December 4, 1820, the following-named persons 
were elected officers of the society : — • 

' Essex Journal and New Hampshire Packet, January 12, 1791. 

-Newburyport Herald, May 29, 1804. 

' Newburyport Herald, August 14 and 18, 1818. 



SUNDA Y SCHOOLS t^t^ I 

Abraham Wheelwright, president, Wilham Cook, '^ 

Samuel Tenney, vice president, John Gilman, | 

Nathaniel Coffin, secretary, Joseph Morss, [^,., 

Abraham Perkins, treasurer, James Frothingham, \ 

Anthony S. Jones, collector. Benjamin H. Cheever, j 

William B. Bannister, Joseph H. Currier, J 

Stinday May 9, 1830, an infant Sunday-school class was or- 
ganized in the brick building, owned by William Bartlet, on 
the corner of Market and Merrimack streets, at half-past eight 
o'clock, A. M.' The class assembled every Sunday morning 
during the summer months, and remained in session for one 
hoiu'. 

In 1824, the members of the First Religious society, dis- 
satisfied with the management of the Sabbath School and 
Tract Society, organized a school for the instruction of children 
connected with their own society, which is still in active oper- 
ation. 

At a later date, the members of several other religious so- 
cieties in Newburyport withdrew from the union and estab- 
lished schools that were well attended. An earnest effort was 
made to keep up the organization of the Sabbath School and 
Tract Society, but the conditions were unfavorable, and the 
society was dissolved in 1835. 

1 Newijuryport Herald, May 7, 1830. 



CHAPTER VIII. 

PUBLIC STREETS AND LANDING PLACES. 

When the four-rod ways, extending from the countr)' road, 
now High street, to Merrimack river, were laid out by the 
inhabitants of Newbury, in 1645, they were called lanes." In 
1 764, Cottle's lane, now Bromfield street, was made the south- 
ern limit of Newburyport, and the line dividing the third and 
fifth parishes of Newbury, now Oakland street, was made the 
northern limit. 

The map on the twenty-second page of this volume gives 
the location of the streets as they were in Newburyport, in 
1795, the map on the one hundred and eighty-fifth page gives 
them as they were in 1830, and the map on the opposite page 
gives the streets with the names affixed as they were in 1843. 

In 185 I, the southern as well as the northern limit of New- 
buryport was extended by the annexation of a part of the town 
of Newbury, as shown on the map on the two hundred and 
eighth page. The streets from Muzzey's lane, now Marlbo- 
rough street, to Ferry lane, now Jefferson street, with the cross 
streets as now laid down and accepted by the city of New- 
buryport, are shown on the map on the next page. 

MARLBOROUGH STREET. 

In 1650, a way extended from the country road to 
Merrimack ri\'er, through land owned by William Thomas, 
Henry Lunt and others. In 1656, Thomas Hale sold to Jos- 
eph Muzzey "house, tenement and freehold lately purchased of 
Heary Lunt," bounded by the way to Merrimack river on the 
east.' 

In 1697, the town of Newbury voted to build a kiln for 

' History of Newbury (Currier), pp, 413-430. 

- Essex Deeds (Ipswich Series), book i, leaf 614 (230). 

(333) 



LIME STREET 



335 



burning lime " at the end of Muzzies lane, next the Merri- 
mack river."' 

In 1726, the way, two rods wide, running from Norfolk, now 
High, street " down by Joseph Muzzies into Merrimack street " 
was named Marlborough street, a name it still retains. - 

BROMFIELD STREET. 

Cottle's lane, from High street, " by Ezra Cottle's dwelling 
house, to the dwelUng house of Joseph Knight, Junior, on the 
highway near Merrimack river," was laid out by the selectmen 
of Newbury March 6, 1 7 1 8-9, although it was probably a pri- 
vate way long before that date.^ 

In 1764, the easterly side of Cottle's lane, was, by an act of 
the General Court, made the dividing hne between the towns 
of Newbury and Newbury port,-* and the name of Cottle's lane 
was changed to South street by the inhabitants of the last- 
named town. 

In 185 I, " An Act to Annex a Part of the Town of New- 
bury to the Town of Newburyport " established a new divid- 
ing line between the two towns, and, November i, 1852, by a 
vote of the city council of Newburyport, 5 the name of 
South street was changed to Bromfield street in honor of 
John Bromfield who, by his will, proved January 14, 1850, gave 
ten thousand dollars to the inhabitants of Newburyport, the 
income to be used for the purchase of shade trees and the 
improvement of sidewalks. 

LIME STREET. 

A way from Milk street to Water street, called Lime street, 
was probably laid out soon after the incorporation of Newbury- 
port. March 1 3, 1 794, the selectmen were requested to lay out 
a street from Norfolk street, now High street, to Lime street, 

1 " Ould Newbury," p, 422. 
'■^ History of Newbury (Currier), p. 42S. 
^ History of Newbury (Currier), p. 426. 
■* History of Newbury (Currier), p. 267. 
" Newbur}'port City Records, vol. I. 



336 HI^ TOR Y OF NE WB UR YPOR T 

provided the owners of land make no claim for damages.' 
October 12, 1797, the town voted to accept Lime street, from 
Milk street to Water street;- and April 4, 1803, the town 
voted to accept " the upper end of Lime street agreeably to a 
petition of Stephen Greeley and others."^ 

FEDERAL STREET. 

Chandler's lane, extending from High street to Merrimack 
river, was probably laid out by the inhabitants of Newbury as 
early as 1645. It retained that name until 1726, when it was 
by a vote of the town called King street. •♦ 

[March 10, 1789] Voted that the street called and known by the 
name of King street be altered, and from and after this day be called and 
known by the name of Federal street. 5 

TREMONT STREET. 

A' way extending from High street to Prospect street, 
called Tremont street, was laid out by the mayor and alder- 
men of the city of Newburyport May 16, 1859. 

FRUIT STREET. 

The way from High street to Prospect street was called 
Fruit street as early as 1801,^' although it was not laid out 

1 Newburyport Town Records, vol. II., p. 88. 

-' Newburyport Town Records, vol. II., p. i66. 

■' Newburyport Town Records, vol. II., p. 284. 

* History of Newbury (Currier), p. 429. 

■' Newburyport Town Records, vol. I., p. 533. 

'' March 18, 1801, Benjamin Wyatt sold to Stephen Holland land on the south- 
easterly corner of High and Fruit streets (Essex Deeds, book 177, leaf 154). Mr. 
Holland mortgaged this land to Moses Brown and William Woart, and afterwards 
to Ebenezer Wheelwright (Essex Deeds, book 199, leaf 10, and book 200, leaf 
213). June 21, 1824, he sold the land with the buildings thereon to Green San- 
born (Essex Deeds, book 235, leaf 282). Since that date the conveyances of this 
property have been as follows : — 

Green Sanborn to John Harrod, August 12, 1828 (Essex Deeds, book 254, 
leaf 57). 

John Harrod to Sarah Winslow Marquand, wife of Joseph Marquand, Oct. 19, 
1829 (Essex Deeds, book 254, leaf 57). 

Sarah W. and Joseph Marquand to John Wills, June 28, 1832 (Essex Deeds, 
book 266, leaf 14). 

Caleb Gushing, administrator of the estate of John Wills to Richard Fowler, 
January 10, 1837 (Essex Deeds, book 296, leaf 225). 

Richard Fowler to Mary Nelson, widow of Jeremiah Nelson, June 10, 1839 
(Essex Deeds, book 313, leaf 274). 



FAIR STREET 



337 



through land of Green Sanborn and Moses Brown, on the 
southeast side, and land of John N. Gushing and Daniel Fos- 
ter, on the northwest side, by the selectmen of Newburyport 
until May 8, 1826. It was accepted at a town meeting held 
ten days later.' 

FAIR STREET. 

In 1782, a petition for the acceptance of a way " laid down 
from Temple street, fronting Gol. Edward Wiggles worth's 
house and John Woodman's house to Gross street," now Mid- 
dle street, was presented to the inhabitants of the town by 
William Goffin Little. 

[March 21, 1782] Voted that the street called Fair street be allowed 
and approved as laid out and reported to the Selectmen and that the 
same, with the plan annexed thereto, be recorded in the records of the 

town. 2 

June 29, 1826, the legal voters of Newburyport accepted 
a street, laid out in continuation of Fair street, extending 
from Middle street to Liberty street, two rods wide, and from 
Liberty street to Water street, three rods wide.^ The select- 
men subsequently decided to lay out the street three rods wide 
from Middle street to Water street, and November 11, 1826, 
the town accepted and approved the report of the selectmen. 

In 1844, an unsuccessful attempt was made to authorize the 
selectmen to purchase, of the proprietors of the Temple 

Mary Nelson, executrix of the will of Jeremiah Nelson, to Mary Nelson, August 
15, 1854 (Essex Deeds, book 505, leaf 300). 

Jeremiah Nelson and Mary B. Nelson to Henry B. Wheelwright, April 27, 
18S6 (Essex Deeds, book 11 75, leaf 235). 

The land on the northwesterly corner of High and Fruit streets was owned by 
Richard Pike, and sold to Jonathan Moulton Oct. 6, 1803. Elizabeth Moulton, 
widow, and guardian of the children, of Jonathan Moulton, sold the land to Wil- 
liam Hunt August I, 1808 (Essex Deeds, book 1S5, leaf 238). Sarah Hunt, 
widow of William Hunt, sold one-half of the land and one -half of the brick 
dwelling house standing thereon to John N. Gushing July 4, 1818 (Essex Deeds, 
liook 216, leaf 26S). Sarah Hunt, guardian of the minor children of William 
Hunt, sold to John N. Gushing, [December 17, 1822, the other half of the land 
and dwelling house (Essex Deeds, book 231, leaf 294). 

^ Newburyport Town Records, vol. HI., pp. 164 and 166. 

- Newburyport Town Records, vol. I., p. 376. 

■' Newburyport Town Records, vol. HI., p. 166. 



338 HISTOR y OF NE IVB UR YPOR T 

Street meeting house, land needed in order to extend Fair 
street from Temple street to Prospect street ;' and December 
8, 1845, a committee was appointed to appear before the coun- 
ty commissioners in answer to a petition of John Porter and 
others " for a way to be laid out from the bottom of Fruit 
street to a bend in P"air street, opposite to land owned and oc- 
cupied by Samuel Bragdon, to unite Fruit and Fair streets so 
as to make a straight road of the sarne."- 

The commissioners decided in favor of the petitioners, and 
the way connecting P'ruit street with Fair street was laid out 
April 16, 1846. 

May 22, 1868, the mayor and aldermen of the city of New- 
buryport re-located and widened Fair street at its junction 
with Temple street. 

STATE STREET. 

" The way to Watts Sellar " is mentioned in the records of 
the town of Newbury as early as 1648, and perhaps earlier.^ 
It was afterwards called Greenleaf 's lane. In 1 726, the four- 
rod way from Norfolk street, now High street, " down by the 
house formerly Capt. Greenleafs into Merrimack street" was 
by a vote of the town of Newbury called Fish street. ^ 

[May 15, 1787] Voted that the street leading from High street to the 
Revd Mr. Gary's meeting house [then in what is now Market square] be 
altered from Fish street to State street. 5 

March 7, 1803, State street from N. Tracy's corner to J. Prince's 
land on the N. W. side and from Capt. T. Carter's corner to the Rev. J. 
Andrews land on S. E. side was widened by the order and with the 
assistance of the selectmen and a stone was placed beneath the surface 
at the head of the street, in the centre, and exactly in the range between 
Mr. Brown's and Mr. Tracy's comers. 

Attest Nics Pn<.E, SurvLyor!' 

' Newburyport Town Records, vol. IV., p. 185. 

- Newburyport Town Records, vol. W ., p. 233. 

•' " Ould Newbury," pp. 143-145. 

* History of Newbury (Currier), p. 429. 

^ Newburyport Town Records, vol, I., p. 489. 

''Newburyport Town Records, vol. II., p. 288. 



GREEN STREET 



PARK STREET. 



339 



July 24, 1845, the county commissioners laid out the way 
called Park street, from High street to Harris street, through 
land owned by Stephen S. Hodge on the northwesterly side of 
the " Sewall Place " so called.' 

GREEN STREET. 

The selectmen of Newburyport were instructed, May 16, 
1 78 1, to lay out a way, four rods wide, from High street to 
Merrimack street, between State and Market streets, provided 
Stephen Sewall, Stephen Hooper, Mary Hooper, Nathaniel 
Tracy, Nathaniel Atkinson, Sr., Parker Atkinson, Stephen 
Atkinson, Nathaniel Atkinson, Jr., Benjamin Greenleaf, Enoch 
Joshua and Richard Titcomb, " and the heirs of the late Ben- 
jamin P'rothingham," owners of the land, gave their consent 
and voluntaril)' con\-eyed to the town the land needed for that 
purpose.- The way was accepted March 28, 1782, and called 
Green street.-' 

Timothy Dexter and wife subsequently petitioned the court 
of general sessions, in behalf of the heirs of Benjamin Froth- 
ingham, for compensation for land taken for a public highway, 
and on the twenty-eighth day of June, 1782, the town voted 
to discontinue that portion of Green street laid out over land 
belonging to the heirs of Benjamin P'rothingham.-* No further 
action was taken until March 16, 1785, when at the request 
of Enoch Titcomb, Joshua Titcomb, Richard Titcomb and 
Abel Greenleaf that part of the street laid out over their land, 
near Merrimack street, was discontinued also. 5 

' Stephen Sewall married Ann, daughter of Tristram Little. The will of Mr. 
Litile, proved May ii, 1762, gave one-third of his estate to his three grand- 
children, John, Sarah and Ann Sewall after the decease of their mother Ann who 
was to have the use of the property during her life. In the division of Mr. Little'> 
estate two acres of land, " opposite the wind mill or frogg pond," was assigned, 
December 31, 1762, to John, Sarah and Ann Sewall. 

Charles Hodge purchased one-undivided-tenth part of the above-described land 
in 1S08, and the other nine-tenths a few years later. Previous to 1814, he built 
a three-story brick dwelling house on the land. See Essex Deeds, book 186, leaf 
86; book 195, leaf 37; book 203, leaf 76; and book 212, leaf 27. 

" Newburyport Town Records, vol. I., p. 354. 

•' Newburyport Town Records, vol. I., p. 377. 

"• Newburyport Town Records, vol. I., p. 386. 

"" Newburyport Town Records, vol. I., p. 431;. 



340 



HIS TORY OF NE WB UR YFOR T 




VIEW OK C.REEN STREET FROM HIGH STREET. 

Upon the petition of Moses Brown and others the street was 
again laid out from High street to Merrimack street and 
accepted by the town, November i, 1802, the owners of the 
land consenting and waiving all claim for damages.' 

COURT STREET. 

[March 28, 1S36] Voted to accept Court street as now laid out [from 
High street to Washington street]. - 



TITCOMB STREET. 

April 6, 1768, Enoch Titcomb agreed to lay out a one-and- 
one-half-rod way from Merrimack street to the land on which the 
meeting house of the North Congregational society now stands.^ 
This way was subsequently extended to Union, now Washing- 
ton, street, and accepted by the inhabitants of the town May 
8, 1798. ^ 

' Newburyport Town Records, vol. II., p. 272. 

- Newburyport Town Records, vol. III., p. 349. 

■^ " Ould Newbury," p. 635, note. 

^ Newbur)-port Town Records, v:'l. II., pp. iSo and iS:. 



SUMMER STREET 



MARKET STREET. 



341 



As early as 1646, Cross street, afterwards called Ordway's 
lane, was laid out, by the proprietors of the town of Newbury, 
from the country road, now Hii^h street, to Merrimack 
river. In 1726, the name of Ordway's lane was changed to 
Queen street.' When Newburyport was incorporated in 1764, 
Queen street was the geographical centre of the new town. 
When or by what authority the name of the street was changed 
to Market street is uncertain. It was called Queen street in 
a deed dated May 24, 1792,' and Market street in deeds dated 
February 16, and March 10, 1795.^ 

SUMMER STREET. 

At a meeting of the inhabitants of the town of Newbury- 
port held March 21, 1766, the selectmen made the following 
report which was accepted and afterwards recorded by the 
town clerk : — 

Whereas John and Moses Ordway some time past lay"d down a way 
thro their lands in this Town and sold divers House Lotts on each side 
of the same way which are now built upon and the said way is now called 
Summer street and application being made to us to lay the said street 
out as a Town Way by a number of the inhabitants of this Town, we 
accordingly have laid the said street out as a Town Way (viz.) from the 
high street so called and so running between St. Paul's Church Yard & 
the dwelHng house of Daniel Bayley down to Merrimack street, between 
the dwelling house of John Ordway, late deceased, on one side, Obadiah 
Horton's Garden and Isaac Johnson's barber shop on the other side. The 
said way to be of the same width as it now is, and the lines on each side 
to run as the houses and other Buildings and Garden Fences now stand. 

This laying out not to prejudice any demand the purchasers of the 
House Lots aforesaid, may have against the aforesaid Ordways to have 
the said way widened, and it is to be understood that this Town is to be 
at no cost in purchasing any part of the same Way, but the owners of the 
Land freely give the same. Layed out this lytii Day of March, 1766, by 
us Daniel Farnham, Robert Roberts, Ebenezer Little, Selectmen of New- 
buryport. 4 

' History of Newbury (Currier), p. 429. 
- Essex Deeds, book 156, leaf loi. 
•' Essex Deeds, book 159, leaves 32 and 208. 
■" Newburyport Town Records, vol. I., p. 76. 



34? HIS roR y of ne wburypor t 

WINTER STREET. 

Bartlett's lane, extending from High street to Merrimack 
street, was laid out previous to the incorporation of Newbury- 
port. May 13, 1764, the inhabitants of the new town pur- 
chased a lot of land on Bartlett's lane and erected a school- 
house there. When the property was sold in 1821, the street 
was called Winter street, which name it retains.' 

BOARDMAN STREET. 

In 1754, Offin Boardman notified the inhabitants of the 
town of Newbury that he had laid out a way through his own 
land " from ye Country Road Down to the two rod way by 
Merrimack river." March 12, 1754, the way was accepted 
and called Boardman's lane.- After the incorporation of New- 
buryport, in 1764, it was called Boardman street. 

OLIVE STREET. 

As early as 1755, a way now known as Olive street extend- 
ed from High street to Merrimack street. Col. Moses Tit- 
comb owned and occupied, at that date, a dwelling house on 
the northwesterly corner of the unnamed way and Merrimack 
street.^ In 1794, this way was called Olive lane. 

March 24, 1 8 1 7, the town of Newburyport voted to accept 
Olive street, from High street to Merrimack street as a jniblic 
highway. ■♦ 

MERRILL STREET. 

March 8, 1774, a way parallel to Kent street, extending 
from Merrimack street to the corner of [Thomas .'] Merrill's 
house, then standing between Olive street and Kent street, 
and there turning and running in a northwesterly direction to 
[Robert .''] Foster's house on Woodman's lane, now Kent 
street, was accepted and called Merrill's lane.' When Con- 

1 " Ould Newbury", pp. 613, 614, note. 

- History of Newbury (Currier), p. 430. 

■' " Ould Newbury," p. 471. 

' Newburyport Town Records, vol. III., p. 8. 

■' Newburyport Town Records, vol. I., pp. 187 and 222. 



MERRILL STREET 



343 



gress street was laid out, previous to 1812, Merrill's lane was 
extended in a southwesterly direction to that street and called 
Merrill street. A plan of the way, recorded in the town 
records, volume two, page two hundred and twent\'-two, is 
reproduced below. In 1848, the lane connecting Kent and 
Merrill streets was called Russia street. 




^ 



^ 




--^^^rrofrfCLi^ j^^TV/^'JZx? ^^e^y ^£^eJ 



PLAN OF MERRILL STREET. 



344 



HIS TOR Y OF NE WB UR YPOR T 



JOHXSOX STREET. 

At a meeting of the inhabitants of Newburyport, held March 
27, 1833, Eleazer Johnson and others favored the acceptance 
of a street " called Hoyt street leading from High street to 
Low street," but a committee, appointed to take the matter 
into consideration, advised delay, and the subject was indefi- 
nitely postponed. In 1854, and perhaps earlier, the street 
was called Johnson street. 

KENT STREET. 

Woodman's lane, extending from the country road, now 
High street, to Merrimack river, was probably laid out by 
Edward Woodman or his son, Jonathan Woodman, as early as 
1675.' After the incorporation of Newburyport, a portion of 
Woodman's lane was discontinued and a three- rod way laid 
out through the land of Dea. John Kent and others. 

The tenth article in the warrant for a town meeting to be 
held March 20, 1787, reads as follows: — 

To see if the Towm will di.scontinue that part of VVojlnim's lane (so 
called) from Merrimack street near as far up as the Widow Foster's 
house, and that a way or street of three rods wide may be laid out 
through land of the heirs of deacon John Kent, deceased, Richard Kent 
& Elizabeth Sawyer, beginning at Merrimack street aforesaid and run- 
ning as far up as the Widow Foster's, and be accepted and recorded as 
a Town Way conformable to a plan of said street for that purpose, agree- 
able to a petition of Richard Kent & others inhabitants of the Town of 
Newburj'port.- 

A committee, appointed to view the premises, reported, 
April 2, 1787, in favor of granting the prayer of the petition- 
ers. The street was laid out by the selectmen March 3, 1788, 
but it was not accepted until March twenty-sixth when the town 
"voted to discontinue that part of Woodman's lane laying to 
the southeast of Kent street, now laid out, and to the north- 
east of the cross wall at the head of the gully. "^ 

1 " Ould Newbury," p. 277. 
- Newburyport Town Records, vol. I., p. 476. 

■* Newburyport Town Records, vol. I., p. 5T0. In the same volume, page 514, 
is a plan of Kent street, with the bounds and courses, as laid out by the selectmen. 



TOP PAN STREET 345 

CARTER STREET. 

A way from High street, between Kent and Broad streets, 
was laid out previous to 1830.' The selectmen reported, 
April I, 185 1, in favor of accepting" and grading the street, 
and their recommendation was adopted.- At or about that 
date, the street was extended from Monroe street to Merri- 
mack street, but there is no record of its acceptance by the 
town. 

WARREN AND DOVE STREETS. 

These streets extending from New lane, now Monroe street, 
to Merrimack street, were laid out not later than 1830.' 

[March 25, 1834] voted to accept Warren Street as a Town Way as 
laid down by George Burroughs. "> 

Subsequently Warren street was extended from Monroe 
street to Ocean street, and afterwards accepted and graded to 
Eagle street.^ 

BROAD STREET. 

A way extending from High street, opposite Toppan's lane, to 
Merrimack street, was probably laid out soon after the incor- 
poration of Newburyport, but it was not made a public high- 
way until Aj^ril 4, 1796. 

Voted that the way or street called Broad street be allowed and ap- 
proved as laid out by the selectmen and reported to the Town and the 
same, with the plan thereof, be recorded with the Town records. 4 

TOPPAN STREET. 

August 5, 1650, Edward NWxxlman sold to Henry Sewall 
land in Newbury, with a dwelling house and barn thereon, 
" bounded with y^ land of Mr Edmund Rawson & John Pem- 
berton on the northwest, y^ common on y'^ southwest, next to the 

^ See map of Newburyport, p. 185. 

- Newburyport Town Records, vol. IV., p., 370. 

^ Newburyport Town Records, vol. IV., p. 294. 

'' Newburyport Town Records, vol. II., pp. 126 and 135. 



346 HISTOR Y OF NE WB UR YPOR T 

swamp commonly called the Aspen swamp, also y^ street 
going down to the Aspen swamp on the southeast side."' 
This street extended in a southwesterly direction from the 
country road, now High street, to Low street. In an agree- 
ment signed by Jacob Toppan, in 1670, " the street going 
down to the Aspen swamp " is called Woodman's lane.- A 
few years later it was called Toppan's lane. In 1856, the 
name was changed to Toppan street. 

The way extending from the lower end of Toppan's lane to 
Turkey hill, called Hale street, was laid out by the county 
commissioners in 1830.^ 

TYNG STREET. 

As early as 1805, a four-rod way extended from High street 
to Merrimack street, between Broad street and what is now 
known as Oakland street, but the date when it was accepted 
by the town or received its present name is uncertain. July 
5, 1805, Benjamin Choate sold a lot of land on the new street 
to Joseph Babson, Jr.-* March 13, 1823, Humphrey Webster 
sold to Dudley A. Tyng, Esq., land bounded northwesterly by 
the unnamed street. ^ In a deed from Edward Bass to William 
A. Cheney, dated December 13, 1830, the street is called 
Tyng street,'' and also in a deed from Edward Bass to Robert 
M. Merrill, dated May 17, 1 841.7 It is therefore reasonable 
to suppose that the street received its present name previ- 
ous to the year 1830. 

OAKL/VND STREET. 

In 1796, a way was laid out on the northwesterly side of 
the dividing line between Newburyport and Newbury, from 

1 Essex Deeds (Ipswich Series), book i, p. 68 (212). 

•"' Ould Newbury," p. 262. 

•^ Newburyport Herald, February 16 and March 12, 1S30. See also map, p. 2oS_ 

^ Efsex Deeds, book 176, leaf 190. 

Joseph Babson, Jr., was a member of the " Dernier Resort Fire Society," and 
his place of residence was Tyng street when the by-laws of that society were re- 
vised and printed in 1816. (See records in possession of Oliver B. Merrill.) 

•^ Essex Deeds, book 231, leaf 291. 

" Essex Deeds, book 259, leaf 3. 

' Essex Deeds, book 325, leaf 25S. 



NORTH ATKINSON STREET 



347 



Hig^h street to Merrimack street, through land of Moses 
Moody.' In 1799, "a number of house lots on a new street 
forming the western boundary of Newburyport" were adver- 
tised for sale by James Kettell, auctioneer,"^ and in 1801 a 
dwelling house on Merrimack street, " fronting North street," 
was sold by Stanton Prentiss. ^ 

In 185 I, North street ceased to be the dividing line between 
the towns of Newburyport and Newbury. October 4, 1852, the 
street, "known by the inhabitants of Newburyport as North 
street, and by the inhabitants of Newbury as Oakland street," 
was named Oakland street by the mayor and aldermen of 
the city of Newburyport. 

WOODLAND STREET. 

As early as 1641, the way, afterwards known as Poore's 
lane and Moody's lane, extending from the country road, 
now High street, to Merrimack river, was laid out for the 
convenience of travellers over the ferry, kept by George Carr, 
between Newbury and Salisbury.-* 

In 1843, the town of Newbury voted to widen Moody's 
lane at the request of David Wood who had recently pur- 
chased a number of acres of land on the northwesterly side 
of the lane, and soon after that date it was called Woodland 
street. After the annexation of a part of Newbury to New- 
buryport, the name was confirmed by a vote of the board of 
mayor and aldermen of the city of Newburyport. 5 

November 10, 1859, Woodland street was extended in an 
easterly direction from Merrimack street to Merrimack river. 

NORTH ATKINSON STREET. 

As early as 1730, Stephen Sawyer owned a dwelling house 
and land on the corner of the country road, now High street, 
and a way extending to Low street, called Sawyer's lane.'' In 

^History of Newbury (Currier), p. 23S, note. 

"^ Newburyport Herald, March 15, 1799. 

^Newburyport Herald, May 22, 1801. 

'' History of Newbury (Currier), pp. 437, 438. 

" October 4, 1852. 

"History of Newbury (Currier), p. 390; Essex Deeds, book 64, leaf 273. 



348 



HIS TORY OF NE WBUR^ 'FOR T 



1816, Moses L. Atkinson purchased land on this lane, which was 
then called Sandy street/ It was subsecjiiently extended in a 
westerly direction, to a way leading" to Turkey hill, and called 
Atkinson street.- After the annexation of a part of Newbury 
to Newburyport, in 185 i, the name of the street was changed 
to North Atkinson street to distinguish it from a street bear- 
ing the same name near the centre of the cit)', extending from 
Strong" street to Boardman street. 

FORRESTER STREET. 

June 6, 1859, the mayor and aldermen of the city of New- 
buryport, the common council concurring", laid out a way from 
High street to Merrimack street called Forrester street. 

ASHLAND STREET. 

In 1735, Josiah Pilsbury bought of Nathaniel Noyes a lot of 
land in Newbury with a dwelling" house and barn thereon, 
bounded on the southwest by the country road, now High 
street, and on the northwest by a drift way extending to 
Merrimack river. -^ This drift way was afterwards called Pils- 
bury's lane.+ It retained that name until after the annexation 
of a part of Newbury to Newburyport. October 4, 1852, 
the name was changed to Ashland street by the mayor and 
aldermen of the city of Newburyport. 

JEFFERSON STREET. 

In 1655, the town of Newbiu'y laid out a new way through 
land of Lionel Worth, for the better accommodation of trav- 
ellers crossing the ferry at Carr's island. ^ For more than a 
century it was called Ferry lane or "the way to the ferry." 
It extends from High street to Merrimack river. In 18 14, it 
was called Jefferson street,'' and in 1839, Coffin's lane. It is 

1 Essex Deeds, book 225, leaf 244, and book 236, leaf 80. 
- See map, p. 208. 
3 Essex Deeds, book 72, leaf 120. 
^ History of Newbury (Currier), p. 4S6, note. 
'" History of Newbury (Currier), p. 437. 

'' See advertisement of sale of land on Jefferson street in Newburyport Hera'd, 
November 22, 1S14. 



PROSPECT STREET 



349 



now within the limits of Newbury port and is known as Jef- 
ferson street, the name hav^ing been confirmed by a vote of 
the mayor and aldermen of the city of Newburyport passed 
October 4. 1852. 

STREETS BELOW STATE STREET PARALLEL TO HKJH STREET. 

Many of the streets on the southeasterly side of State street, 
running parallel to High street, were laid out by the selectmen 
of Njwbury previous to the incorporation of Newburyport. 
Most of these streets were named at a very early date, and 
some of them several times renamed. 

August 5, 1793, the inhabitants (^f Newburyport voted to 
l)lace, at the corner of every street, a sign-board bearing the 
name of the street, and appointed a committee to select appro- 
priate names for streets not previously named.' 

None of the houses, and only a few of the stores on State 
street and Market square, were numbered until March 30, 
1846, when the selectmen were directed to affi.x a number to 
every house and store within the limits of the town.- 

PROSPECT STREET. 

A way, one and one-half rods wide, from Fish, now State, 
street to King, now Federal, street, was accepted by the town 
of Newbury March 15, 1749-50, and called Prospect street. 

March 22, 1802, the inhabitants of Newburyport accepted 
a way laid out by the selectmen, from Federal street to Lime 
street, called Roberts street.^ 

May 12, 1828, Newbury street, extending from Lime street 
to South, now Bromfield, street, was accepted by the town of 
Newbury port. ■♦ 

February 2, 1874, the mayor and aldermen of the city of 
Newburyport made Roberts and Newbury streets a part of 

' Newburyport Town Records, voL IL, p. 75. 
^ Newburyport Town Records, vol. IV., p. 250. 
^ Newburyport Town Records, vol. II., p. 263. 
'' Newburyport Town Records, vol. III., p. 186. 



350 



HISTORY OF NEWBURYPORT 



Prospect street which now extends from State street to Brom- 
field street.' 

TEMPLE STREET. 

A way beginning" at the northerly corner of Benjamin Balch's 
house or shop, on Fish, now State, street, and running in a 
southeasterly direction to the easterly corner of Moses Frazier's 
house, and thence in the same general direction to the easter- 
ly corner of Mark Fitz's house, thence to the easterly corner 
of Nathaniel Tilton's house, thence to a post on land owned 
by John Adams, and thence to the easterly corner of Andrew 
Hills' house, standing on King', now Federal, street, was laid 
out by the selectmen and accepted by the inhabitants of New- 
buryport March 8, 1774, and called Temple street, a name it 
still retains.- It was jirobably a private way for several years 
previous to 1774.^ 

CHARTER STREET. 

August 15,1 805, a two-rod way extending from State street 
to Fair street, called Charter street, was accepted by the inhab- 
itants of Newbury port.-* 

ESSEX STREET. 

April 4, 1 796, Essex street, extending from State street to 
Fair street, was accepted as laid out by the selectmen of New- 
bury port. ^ 

MIDDLE STREET. 

?"awn Clements and Cutting Noyes of Newbury and Zacha- 
riah Fitch and Jacob Sheaf of Boston agreed, July i, 1724, to 
lay down a two-rod way through their own land, from Fish, 
now State, street to Chandler's lane, now Federal street.'' In 

1 Newburyport City (Highway) Records. 

- Newburyport Town Records, vol. L, pp. l86 and 221. 

^ Essex Deeds, book 132, leaves 102 and 180. 

* Newburyport Town Records, vol. II., pp. 321 and 322. 

* Newburyport Town Records, vol. II., pp. 126 and 133. 
<* Essex Deeds, book 42, leaf 247. 



WATER STREET 



351 



1782, this way was called Cross street. In 1793, and perhaps 
earlier, it was called Middle street. 

LIBERTY STREET. 

March 22, 1769, the inhabitants of Newburyport granted 
the petition of Captain Marquand and others and accepted a 
street laid down by them, called Liberty street.' This street 
extended from Federal street to Centre street. 

March 28, 1832, the petition of William Bartlet and others 
was presented, praying the town to accept a lot of land extend- 
ing from Market square to Liberty street and lay it down as a 
jniblic highway.^ March 27, 1833, the selectmen were instruct- 
ed to accept the land, lay out the way, and widen Liberty 
street from Centre street to Fair street. ^ Subsequently, an 
attempt to straighten the lines and widen the street from Fair 
street to Federal street was defeated. 

WATER STREET. 

The way along the river side, from Market square to the 
foot of Marlborough street, forms a part of the way laid out, 
in 1739-40, by the selectmen of Newbury "from peirces farm 
[at the foot of Rolfe's lane, now Ocean avenue] up to Ord- 
way's lane, formerly so called."^ It was evidently used as a 
highway many years previous t(^ that date. After the incor- 
poration of Newburyp(M-t, in 1764, a petition was presented to 
the selectmen of that town for a re-location of the street near 
its junction with Market square. 

At the Request of Divers Inhabitants of the Town of Newbury Port, 
we the selectmen of said Newbury Port have this Day layed out all the 
Land in or upon what is called Merrimack street,? from Capt. Daniel 
Marquand's House as far as the Rev. Mr. Gary's Meeting House'^ bound- 

' Newburyport Town Records, vol. I., p. 128. 
"^ Newburyport Town Records, vol. III., p. 230. 
^ Newburyport Town Records, vol. III., p. 259. 
* History of Newbury (Currier), p. 427. 
' Now Water street. 
•" In Market square. 



352 



HISTOR Y OF NE WB I ^R YPOR T 



ed on each side by the Houses and Fences as they now stand for a way 
for the use of the Town forever, it having been as such Time immemorial. 

WM Atkins \ ^'^'f'^''' 

,,.,.,.. , . Cutting Bartlet C" ,, u . , 

Dated at Newburyport ) Aewbutyport. 

the 6t'i of March 1771.' 

July 14, 1790, Capt. David Coats, Jonathan Marsh, Nathan 
Hoyt, Andrew Frothingham and Capt. Anthony Knap were 
appointed a committee to examine the highway " called Merri- 
mack street," between Moody's lane and the lower long wharf, 
and ascertain what encroachments, if any, have been made 
upon it.^ The committee reported the result of their investi- 
gations March 8, 1791, and submitted a plan of the highway 
drawn by Joseph Somerby, surveyor. A copy of this plan is 
reproduced on the opposite page. 

ORANGE STREET. 

March 12, 1783, the inhabitants of Newburyport accepted 
Orange street, extending from Fair street to Federal street.^ 

SPRING STREET. 

September 21, 1797, a street, laid out by the selectmen of 
Newburyport, from Fair street to Federal street, was accepted 
and called Spring street. ■♦ 

MILK STREET. 

March 22, 1802, the street, called Milk street, extending 
from Federal street to Lime street was accepted by the inhab- 
itants of Newburyport, and. May 22, 1806, the street was ex- 
tended from Lime street to South, now Bromfield, street.^ 

ATWOOD STREET. 

A way extending from King, now Federal, street to Lime 
street, on the northeasterly side of Milk street, was laid out 

1 Newburyport Town Records, vol. I., p. 150. 

^ Newburyport Town Records, vol. II., p. 18. 

^ Newburyport Town Records, vol. I., p. 397. 

■• Newburyport Town Records, vol. II., p. 165. 

* Newburyport Town Records, vol. II., pp. 258, 263 and 339. 



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35 4 ^^^ 'rOR Y OF NE WB UR } 'FOR T 

previous to 1770. It was called Ann street for nearly a cen- 
tury. In 1856, or in 1857, the name was changed to Atwood 
street. 

SCHOOL STREET. 

In 1753, Dea. Joshua Beck owned land on a tw'o-rod way, 
extending from King, now Federal, street to Lime street, on 
the northeasterly side of Ann, now Atwood, street.' 

July 20, 1764, Stephen Cross conveyed a lot of land on this 
two-rod way to Nathaniel Carter, treasurer of the town of New- 
buryport, and a schoolhouse was built there the following year. 

At or about that date the two-rod way was called School 
street, a name that it has since retained. 

BECK STREET AND SHIP STREET. 

[March 9, 1775] Voted to accept a way laid out from King street to 
Pudding lane, so called, agreeable to the plan exhibited now to the town.- 

This way, subsequently named Beck street, extends from 
King, now Federal, street to Lime street. Pudding lane, run- 
ning parallel with King street, extended from Water street to 
Beck street.^ It was afterward called Ship lane, and is now 
known as Ship street. Beck street was extended from Ship 
lane to Lime street in 1 796, and accepted by the inhabitants 
of Newburyport May 8, 1797.'* 

PURCHASE STREET. 

Adelphi street, now a part of Purchase street, was probably 
laid out by the town of Newbury, in 1825, from South, now 
Bromfield, street to the first Methodist Episcopal meeting 
house in Newbury. 5 At a meeting held March 10, 1829, the 
town voted to lay out a way from the southeast end of Adel- 

1 " Ould Newbury," p. 518. 

^ Newburyport Town Records, vol. I., pp. 227 and 229. 

** *' A dwelling house in Pudding Lane " was advertised for sale in the Essex 
Journal and New Hampshire Packet, January 30, 1777. For terms and condition 
of sale the reader was referred lo Nicholas Pettingali. 

'' Newburyport Town Records, vol. IL, pp. 151 and 154. 

'" History of Newbury (Currier), p. 387. 



PLEASANT STREET 355 

phi Street to Washington, now Madison, street, " being a con- 
tinuation of the said Adelphi street." January 2, 1834, the 
selectmen extended the way from Washington, now Madison, 
street to Marlborough street, but no record of its acceptance 
by the town of Newbury has been found. 

November 15, i<S33, the county commissioners laid out a 
way in Newburyport from Lime street to Franklin street,' 
and August 12, 1834, this way, called Purchase street, was 
extended to South, now Bromfield, street.- 

September 6, 1852, after the annexation of a part of New- 
bury and the acceptance of a city charter by the inhabitants 
of Newburyport, Adelphi and Philadelphia streets were made 
a part of Purchase street, which now extends from Lime 
street to Marlborough street.^ 

STREETS ABOVE STATE STREET PARALLEL TO HIGH STREET. 

The first street on the northwesterly side of State street, 
running parallel to High street, was laid out from State street 
to Green street through land owned by Mary Hooper, Nico- 
las Pike and others, and called Harris street. It was accept- 
ed by the inhabitants of Newburyport March 17, 1796.'' 

PLEASANT STREET. 

At a meeting of the Third Religious Society of Newbury- 
port, now the North Congregational society, held March 31, 
1769, a committee was appointed "to agree with Capt. Joseph 
Titcomb to lay down a lane through his land for one year on 
the northwest side of the meeting house" from Queen, now 
Market, street to what is now Titcomb street. 5 This lane or 
alley was four feet wide and used by foot passengers only.'' It 
was laid out thirty feet wide April 20, 1833, ^^Y ^^^ selectmen 
of Newburyport, and called Berry street. ^ The way from State 

' Newburyport Town Records, vol. IIL, p. 282. 

2 Newbury[)ort Town Records, vol. IIL, p. 302. 

•* Newbuiyport City (Clerk's) Records, vol. I. 

^ Newburyport Town Records, vol. II., pp. 124 and 132. 

^ Forty years in the Ministry, by Rev. L. F. Dimmick, p. 6. 

'' Communication published in Newburyport Herald January 15, 1833. 

' Newburyport Town Records, vol. III., pp. 262 and 267. 



356 HIS TOR V OF NE WB UR YPOR T 

street to Green street was laid out March 17, 1796, and 
called Pleasant street.' Brown square, between Green and 
Titcomb streets, was laid out by Moses Brown in 1802.- In 
1883, the way extending from State street, through Brown 
square and Berry street, was called Pleasant street. 

MARKET SQUARE AND LANDING PLACE. 

May II, 1 77 1, the selectmen of Newburyport laid out a 
town way or landing place, extending from Merrimack street 
to Merrimack river. This way was accepted March 2, 1772.^ 

A way, "beginning six feet from the easterly corner of 
Thos. Woodbridge's house on Fish street," and thence running 
by certain designated bounds and courses " to the southerly 
end of Mr. Gary's meeting house," was accepted by the 
inhabitants of Newburyport March 8, 1774. It now forms a 
part of Market square.'* 

MERRIMACK STREET. 

As early as 1645, " the way by the river," now called Mer- 
rimack street, extending from the foot of Greenleaf's lane, now 
State street, to the foot of Ordway's lane, now Market street, 
was used as a public highway. 

March 11, 17 14-5, a two-rod way was laid out from the 
foot of Ordway's lane to the foot of Kent's lane, now Kent 
street, by the selectmen of the town of Newbury. ^ 

A few years after that date, the way from the foot of Kent 
street to the foot of North, now Oakland, street, was proba- 
bly laid out, but the date when it was accepted by the town 
of Newbury or the town of Newburyport is uncertain. 

At a meeting of the inhabitants of the last-named town, 
held March 18, 1807, " To see if they will allow and approv-e 
of that part of Merrimack street which is situate between 

1 Newburyport Town Records, vol. II., pp. 124 and 134. 

""Ould Newbury," p. 635. 

^Seepp. 131 and 134. 

* Newburyport Town Records, vol. I., p. 186. 

^ History of Newbury (Currier), p. 426. 



WA SHIXG TON STREET 357 

Kent Street and the boundary line between Newburyport and 
Newbury," the subject was referred to an adjourned meeting 
and ultimately dismissed without further consideration.' June 
26, 1809, the inhabitants of Newburyport voted to dismiss 
the second article in the warrant for the meeting held that 
day, which reads as follows : — 

To see if the Town will allow and approve of that part of Merrimack 
street which lies between the boundary line of the town and Kent's 
landing as laid out by the selectmen on the 13th of June instant agree- 
able to a plan now presented. - 

The way from the foot of North, now Oakland, street to 
the foot of Poore's lane, now Woodland street, and thence 
through what is now Merrimack comt to Moggaridge's point 
and the landing at the foot of Pilsbury's lane, now Ashland 
street, was within the limits of the town of Newbury until 
185 1. A wider and more convenient way, from the foot 
of Poore's lane to the foot of Pilsbury's lane, was laid out in 
1783, and December 13, 1802, this way was extended to the 
Esse.x-Merrimack bridge.^ 

After the incorporation of Newburyport, this street or way 
was called Merrimack street from Market square to the Essex- 
Merrimack bridge. 

WASHINGTON STREET. 

In 1782, a two-rod way, from Green street to Market street, 
was laid out by the selectmen of Newburyport, and called 
Union street. 

[March 21, 17.S2] Voted that the street called Union street be allowed 
and approved as laid out & reported by the selectmen & that the same 
with a plan annexed thereto be recorded in the records of the Town.4 

May 12, 1800, a street, extending from Winter street to 
Boardman street, was accepted by the inhabitants of Newbury- 

1 Newburyport Town Records, vol. II., p. 344. 
^Newburyport Town Records, vol. II., p. 388. 
^ History of Newbury (Currier), p. 430. 
* Newburyport Town Records, vol. I,, p. 376. 



358 HIS TO RY OF NE IV B UR YPOR T 

port and called Washington Street.' May 30, 1823, a street 
from Boardman street to Olive street was accepted and called 
Adams street. - 

In 1839, a street from Market street to Winter street, con- 
necting the westerly end of I' nion street with the easterly end 
of Washington street, was laid out by the selectmen and ac- 
cepted by the town of Newburyport.^ 

In 1852, the street formed by the union of Adams, Wash- 
ington and Union streets, extending from Green street to 
Olive street, was called Washington street.^ December 30, 
1 86 1, Washington street was extended, by the city council of 
Newbm-yport, to Buck street and thence, through land owned 
by the city, to Kent street. 

GREENLEAF STREET. 

In 1 805, action on a motion to direct the surveyor of highways 
to lay out a way on the west side of Frog pond, " agreeably to 
the petition of Moses Brown and others," was indefinitely post- 
poned. 5 No further action was taken until thirty years later, 
when the way was laid out by the selectmen. 

[April 15, 1839] Voted to request the selectmen to name the street 
leading from Pond street to Leverett street Chickering street.*^ 

Subsequently, Chickering street was extended from Pond - 
street to the Nevvburyport turnpike, now State street. In 
i860, the way from Leverett, now Auburn, street to the 
turnpike was called Greenleaf street. 

AUBURN .STREET. 

A way from High street to what is now Pond street, and 
thence through Low street to Common pasture, was laid out 
soon after the incorporation of Newburyport. In 1838, the 

iNewburyport Town Records, vol. II., pp. 221 and 226. 

'-Newburyport Town Records, vol. III., pp. 134 an. I 136. 

■^ Newburyport Town Records, vol. IV., p 52. 

^ Newburyport City Records, September 6, 1S52. 

* Newburyport Town Records, vol. II., pp. 312 and 316. 

" Newburyport Town Records, vol. IV., p. 51. 



A T KIN SON STREET 



359 



way from High street to Pond street was called Leverett 
street ; in 1849, County street ; and in 185 i, Auburn street. 

VERNON STREET. 

A way on the southerly side of High street, and parallel 
thereto, extending from Auburn street to what is now Cary 
avenue, was laid out ])revious to 1834, and called Back street. 

[Aprils, 1S34] Voted to accept Back street after being widened by the 
Proprietors of the land and a plan of the street made for the records of 
the town.' 

[March iS-25, 1S51] Voted tochange the name of Back street to Ver- 
non street. - 

BIRCH STREET. 

A way extending from Winter street to Summer street, 
" laid out through land owned by the heirs of the late Joseph 
Titcomb," was accepted by the inhabitants of Newburyport 
May 4, 1796, and called Birch street.^ This way was subse- 
quently extended to Market street, and probably accepted by 
the town, but no record of it has been found. 

STRONG STREET. 

A way, nearly parallel, to Boardman street, extending from 
Merrimack street to Washington street, was accepted by 
the inhabitants of Newburyport March 11, 18 19, and called 
Strong street.^ 

ATKINSON STREET. 

August 12, 1834, the selectmen of Newburyport laid out a 
way from Strong street to Boardman street which was accepted 
and called Atkinson street on the twenty-sixth day of the same 
month. 5 

1 Newburyport Town Records, vol. III., p. 299. 

^Newburyport Town Records, vol. IV., p. 366. 

* Newburyport Town Records, vol. II., on p. 128; Plan on p. 131. 

'' Newburyport Town Records, vol. III., p. 55. 

" Newburyport Town Records, vol. III., p. 302. 



360 HIS TOR V OF NE WB UR YPOR T 



CONGRESS STREET. 



A way from Olive street to Kent street, forty feet wide, was 
laid down by Thomas Merrill previous to 18 12/ It was ac- 
cepted by the inhabitants of Newburyport August 17, 1843, 
and called Contrress street.- 



EAGLE STREET. 

A way from Kent street to Carter street, called Eagle 
street, was accepted April i, 185 i, and laid out by the select- 
men of Newburyport.^ 

MONROE STREET. 

A way called New lane, extending from Kent street to Car- 
ter street, was accepted April 6, 1840, and named Monroe 
street, and the same day a way previously laid out by the 
selectmen from Carter street to Tyng street was accepted. "♦ 

September 11, 1848, a way from Tyng street to North, 
now Oakland, street was accepted and made a part of Mon- 
roe street, which now extends from Kent street to Oakland 
street. 5 

LANDING PLACES. 

When the narrow strip of land between Water street and 
Merrimack river was divided among the pr oprietors of the 
town of Newbury, in 171 5, ten landing places were reserved 
for the use of the inhabitants in loading and unloading hay, 
lumber and other merchandise.'' 

Soon after the incorporation of Newburyport, in 1764, 
Ralph Cross, Daniel Farnham, Dudley Atkins, Richard Green- 
leaf and Robert Roberts were appointed a committee to con- 

1 Essex Deeds, hook 199, leaf 17. In this deed the name of the street is not 
given, but in the records of the Baptist society of Newbury and Nt-wburyport it 
is called Silk street. 

- Newburyport Town Records, vol. IV., p. 169. 

•* Newburyport Town Records, vol. IV., p. 370. 

* Newburyport Town Records, vol. IV., p 80. 

'" Newburyport Town Records, vol. IV., p. 310. 

^ History of Newbury (Currier), pp. 214 and 215. 



LANDING PLACES 



361 



fer with the selectmen of Newbury and agree upon a division 
of the property belonging to the town, and also " to look 
into and inspect the state of the highways and Landing 
Places."' September 18, 1764, they reported as follows : — 

Your committee have viewed the Records of the Laying out of the Ways 
and Landings which are in said Town and considered of the same, and 
your Committee find that in the year i 703-4 the proprietors of the Town 
of Newbury appointed a committee to measure and divide the Bank 
against Merrimack River, which is what is commonly called the River 
Lotts ; that in the year 1 707-S the said committee compleated their work 
begining near Mr Pearces Farm and ending at Mr. Woodman's Lane 
and divided the same into Two Hundred and twenty-five Lotts and as- 
signed to each Proprietor his particular Lott, reserving at proper Places 
Ways and Landings, and that they presented their work to the Town of 
Newbury at their meeting in March in the same year. That the Town 
accepted thereof and ordered it to be recorded, and in the year 171 5 the 
same committee in pursuance of another vote of the said Proprietors 
made a more perfect Record of said Division reserving the same ways 
and Landings as before which also was allowed. 

Your committee find that in said division, or laying out of what is called 
the river lotts, there was reserved several spacious and convenient wayes 
and landing places at the river which are now in the bounds of Newbury- 
port particularly a way sixteen rods in breadth between the 1 53rd and 1 54th 
lotts, which is where the lower long wharf is. Also a way of twelve rods 
in breadth between the 19211(1 and I93»'d lotts which is where the upper 
long wharf is. Your committee also find that for a number of years past 
certain committees of the proprietors of the undivided land in Newbury, 
notwithstanding the laying out and reservation of the ways and landings 
aforesaid, have presumed to let out for their own use part of the said 
ways and landings pretending a right to the same. Your committee are 
also of the opinion that it is for the interest and very proper for the town to 
assert their right to the several ways and landings layed out, confirmed 
and perfected from time to time as aforesaid. - 

The report of the committee was accepted, and Capt. Rob- 
ert Roberts, Daniel Farnham, Esq., Capt. Henry Titcomb, 
Dudley Atkins, Esq., and Mr. Benjamin Greenleaf were 
authorized and directed " to perfect the work of the former 
committee" and ascertain what encroachments have been 

^ Newburyport Town Records, vol. L, p. 15.' 
* Newburyport Town Records, vol. I., p. 30. 



362 HIS TOR Y OF NE WB UR VPORT 

made on the landing places at the river side. They attended 
to the duty assigned them and reported, March 19, 1765, as 
follows : — - 

We have examined the town and the proprietors records and find that 
in the year i 703-4 the original proprietors chose a committee to lay out 
the river lotts to each proprietor, and they ordered said committee to 
leave large and capacious landings at several of the most convenient 
parts of the town for the towns use, and the said committee finished 
the said business and returned their report to the proprietors and they 
then accepted the said report and ordered it to be recorded in the pro- 
prietors book, and afterwards in the year 171 5 the same committee were 
again chosen to make a more perfect division of the said river lotts 
which they did the same year and presented their report to the town 
which the town accepted and ordered it to be recorded as per record 
may appear. 

The highways we find by this record are a sixteen rod highway be- 
tween the 153''^ and 154*11 river lotts which is at the lower end of King 
street.' We have been very exact in measuring this landing and the 
river lots both above and below it, and find that there is the whole of the 
sixteen rods between the above mentioned river lots, and that there was 
in the year 1729-30 a petition of sundry inhabitants of the town to build 
a wharf thereon which was finished and allowed by the town 1739-40, 
therefor we judge this no encroachment. There is generally several ves- 
sels building thereon, and timber enough for them laying thereon. There 
is also a barber's shop thereon and Mr. Johnson has a small breast wharf 
and warehouse on the easterly side. There is also part of a wharf thereon 
belonging to Mr. Cross. Sixteen feet seven inches of said wharf in the 
rear. This is the state of that landing .... 

The next we find is a twelve rod highway at the lower end of (jueen 
street - granted as the other in 1703-4 and confirmed in the year 1715, 
part of which, namely, forty feet in front and sixty in the rear, was ex- 
changed by the town with Stephen Greenleaf for fifty-eight feet, four 
inches for a landing at the end of Bartlett's lane,3 the remainder is its 
full width in front, saving three and a half feet which we suppose to be 
taken up in Ordway's grant, and encroached upon the rear by Capt. Dal- 
ton's wharf and gate, fifteen feet ten inches. It is also encumbered by 
building vessels and laying timber there by Mr. Merrill. The landing 

1 Now Federal street. 

- Now Market street. 

^ Now Winter street. 

A part of this landing place, laid out fifty-eight feet and four inches wide, ex- 
tending from Merrimack street to the channel of the river was taken as a way to 
the Newburyport and Sahsbury bridge, when it was laid out as a public highway 
in 1868. 



LANDING PLACES 363 

which was exchanged for part of this, namely, at the end of Bartlett's 
lane, is its full width in front, and on its eastwardly side it is built upon, 
thirteen feet, by a breast wharf of Capt. Dalton's. 

The town of Newbury, in this exchange with Stephen Greenleaf, did 
not take so much care as we their successors think they ought to have 
done, for the deed by which Stephen Greenleaf conveyed to the town the 
above landing was in part good, but not the whole. He sold the town 
twenty feet of Peter Toppan"s original river lot, for which he had a deed 
from Peter and Samuel Toppan, but that deed was never fully executed. 
Cap' Dalton has a warrantee deed from the legal representatives of the said 
Peter Toppan but not withstanding this deed the town has their landing, 
that part that is not built upon, as it was laid out by the selectmen, in 
1 763, but we have reason to think that Capt Dalton will now alter his 
breast wharf at high water mark for the better accommodating that land- 
ing. On the westwardly side it is encroached upon by Mr. Jonathan 
Dole, by his breast wharf, nine feet, and if he continues to build in the 
direction that it runs it will cut off the whole landing before it comes to 
the channel of the river .... 

Thus far the original grants from the proprietors. There are other 
town ways laid out since which we shall now take notice of in the order 
of time .... 

[Third] The next is a way down to the Ferry which is not properly a 
highway nor landing as it appears to us, but an agreement formerly made 
in the year 1722-3 between Col. Kent, Mr Woodbridge and the select- 
men of the town. We find it as they have recorded it as to width, but 
think it of no use to the town as it lies, since by that agreement the town 
have no right to go further than three rods into the dock which will not 
carry them to low water mark, but with submission would recommend to 
the town to order the selectmen to lay it down as wide as it is now, and 
let it go to the river, by which means it may hereafter be of some service 
to the town, but as it now is we esteem it to be none. 

[Fourth] The next way is between the estate of the late Col. Green- 
leaf, and the ship yard in the occupation of Woodbridge, which is gener- 
ally encuml)ered witli timber, but at this time there is part of a vessel 
tliereon .... 

We would also inform the town at this their annual meeting, whereat 
(and no other) the town has a legal right to act upon affairs of highways 
that in our opinion to fix the point of compass, for the highways, above 
Queen's wharf at N 48 degrees and a half east, and at the lower long 
wharf and for Moody landing, at N 44 degrees east, and the variation 
to be taken this year, would be for the benefit of the whole and also each 
individual.' 

1 Newburyport Town Records, vol. I., pp. 36-39. 



364 HISTOR V OF NE WB UR YPOR T 

This report was accepted, and the selectmen were ordered 
to notify Ralph Cross, Jonathan Dole, Michael Dalton and 
others to remove the encroachments from the iJublic landings 
near their places of business. May 22, 1765, Mr. Ebenezer 
Little and the committee previously named were instructed to 
confer with the proprietors of undivided land in Newbury and 
agree with them, if possible, for the use and improvement of 
the landing places in Newburyport.' 

This conference was evidently unsuccessful, and the select- 
men considered it advisable to lay out, March 24, 1766, the 
upland and flats between Merrimack street and Merrimack 
river, at the bottom of Queen, now Market, street, Newbury- 
port, for the use of the town.^ 

May II, 1 77 1, the selectmen laid out a town way, or landing 
place, at the middle ship-yard, so called, in the rear of the pres- 
ent police station; and July 10, 1781, they were ret]uested to lay 
out " all the land and flatts in Somerby's landing, so called " 
at the foot of Green street. ^ A plan of the landing place at 
the middle ship-yard was recorded on the two hundred and 
thirty-si.xth page of the first volume of the town records.-* 

Somerby's landing was first laid out, in 1752, by the select- 
men of Newbury. July 26, 1781, it was again laid out by the 
selectmen of Newburyport, and a plan of the same submitted 
to the inhabitants of the town for approval. For some reason 
unknown the acceptance of the plan was delayed and appar- 
ently no definite action was taken in regard to it. The 
bounds and limits of the landing were uncertain and the 
plan evidently was never recorded.' 

In May, 1796, the proprietors of undivided land in Newbury 
and Newburyport brought a suit in the court of general ses- 
sions " praying for compensation for a certain piece of land 

1 Newburyport Town Records, vol. I., p. 44. 

' Newburyport Town Records, vol. I. p. 99. 

^ Newburyport Town Records, vol. I., p. 360. 

* A copy of this plan is reproduced in chapter III., page 131, of this volume. 

'^ A part of the fifteenth article in the warrant for a town meeting to be held 
March iS, 1782, reads as follows: "To accept of the laying out of Somerby 
Landing, so called, as a private way, or landing, by the selectmen." 



LANDING PLACES 



365 



and flats known by the name of the middle ship yard." A 
long legal controversy followed, which was not settled until 
1826, when the town of Newburyport purchased of the 
above-named proprietors, for twelve hundred dollars, all their 
right, title and interest in a tract of land in the vicinity of 
Frog pond and in certain specified landing places on the Mer- 
rimack river. 

In 1873, the city of Newburyport was authorized to dis- 
continue all the landing places between the northern bound- 
ary of the middle ship-yard and the lower end of Bromfield 
street.' They were subsequently wholly or partly filled with 
gravel and now form a part of the road-bed of the Newbury- 
port City railroad. 

' Acts and Resolves, 1S73, ch. 136. 



CHAPTER IX. 

FERRV, BRIDGES, TURNPIKES AND POSTAL SERVICE. 

In 1688, the governor and ccjuncil of the province of Mas- 
sachusetts Bay granted Capt. John March permission to keep 
a ferry over Merrimack ri\er from Warehouse point in 
Newbury, now Newburyport, to Ring's island in Sahsbury/ 
The care and control of this ferry was transferred to the in- 
habitants of Newburyport at the incorporation of the town, in 
1764. The third article in the warrant for a meeting of the 
inhabitants September 18, 1770, reads as follows : — 

To see if the Town will chuse a committee to examine into the pres- 
ent State of the Ferry in this Town and put the same under due Regu- 
lation which has not been considered since the Town was set off.- 

Capt. James Hudson, Jonathan Titcomb and Stephen 
Hooper were authorized to take charge of the ferry, and Sep- 
tember 12, 1 77 1, a committee, consisting of Capt. James Hud- 
son, John Stickney and Ralph Cross, was appointed to build a 
ferry-boat, " also to let out the Ferry on the best terms they 
can for a year."^ 

[March 18, 1782] Voted that Col Ralph Cross, Mr. Moses Hoyt & 
Capt William Wyer, be a committee to enquire into the state of the 
ferry, to settle all accounts now remaining unsettled, to demand & re- 
ceive and pay whatever monies may be due to the Town Treasurer and 
to take his receipt therefor and lodge it in the Select Men's office ; also to 
let out said ferry and to build a new boat if need be, or left it without, and 
to recjuire the ferrymen to tind one if they think best, and to do and 
transact all other business respecting the said ferry that may come before 
them. 4 

1 History of Newbury (Currier), pp. 442-459. 
^Newburyport Town Records, vol. I., p. 147. 
^Newburyport Town Records, vol. I., p. 154. 
" Newbur)-port Town Records, vol. I., p. 375. 

The half-tone print on the opposite page is reproduced from a drawing recent- 
ly made showing the way to the ferry as it probably appeared in 1776. 

(366) 



FEKKY, BRIDGES, TURNPIKES AND POSTAL SERVICE 367 




NEWBURYPORT AND SALISBURY FERRY. 



At a town meeting held March 12, 1783, the selectmen 
were authorized to take charge of the ferry, and on the seven- 
teenth day of the same month they leased it for one year to 
Nicholas Brown and Hugh Pritchard taking their bond, for 
twenty-five pounds, to be paid in instalments." 

We agreed with Thomas Gould and Nicholas Brown that they should 
give ^12. for the use of the Ferry & Boat from the 17th March 1786.1 

[June 4, I 787] agreed to let the town's interest in the ferry for the 
present year to [Thomas] Gould & [Nicholas] Brown at the rate of ^12 
per annum." 

[April 22, I Si 3] Voted that the selectmen be authorized to make a 
contract with the selectmen of the town of Salisbury or any other persons 
properly authorized respecting the improvement of the Ferry between 
the two Towns for such a term of time (not exceeding seven years) and 
upon such conditions as they may think best.- 

' Ne\vbur}'port (Selectmen's) Records. 

■ Newburyport Town Records, vol. III., p. 450. 



368 



HIS TOR y OF NE WB UR YPOR T 



For the convenience of travellers crossing the ferry, the 
inhabitants of Newburyport accepted, September 14, 18 18, a 
way laid out by the selectmen extending from Water street to 
low- water mark, one rod and seven links wide on the street and 
one rod and fifteen links wide on the river.' 

The bridge over Merrimack river, connecting Newburyport 
with Salisbury, was completed and opened to the public in 
1827. After that date only a few foot passengers continued 
to use the ferry. 

[October 7, 1828] Voted that Moses Merrill be requested to confer 
with the selectmen of Salisbury to ascertain if the Ferry cannot be sold 
by public auction alternately by each town & also to ascertain the 
situation of the boats & all other information relating to the Ferry. - 

In 1880, Joshua M. Pike was appointed ferryman. He 
served until the close of the year 1885, when the ferry was 
discontinued for want of patronage. 

ESSEX-MERRIMACK BRIDGE. 

The first bridge over Merrimack river, between Mitchell's 
falls and the sea, was erected in 1792 by Timothy Palmer of 
Newburyport. It was built of wood with heavy timbers form- 
ing an arch that rested on two abutments, one on the New- 
bury shore and the other on the south shore of Deer island ; 
the northern half of the bridge, extending from the island to 
the Salisbury shore, rested on two abutments and three stone 
piers and was provided with a draw that could be raised to 
allow vessels to pass without delay. The principles upon 
which the bridge was constructed were new and attracted 
considerable attention. They were carefully tested and 
during the next ten or fifteen years were applied to several 
other bridges as the following advertisement distinctly 
states: — ^ 

1 A portion of this way was discontinued March i6, 1825. 
-Newburyport (Selectmen's) Records. 

■'The bridge over the Piscataqua river, at Portsmouth, N. H., was built by 
Timothy Palmer in 1794. See Morning Star, December 9, 1794. 



£SS£A'-M£A'AVA/.4 CK BRIDGE 



169 




BRIDGE FROM DEER ISLAND TO SALISBURY, 1792. 
PATENT HHIlKiE. 

Whereas Timothy Palmer of Newburyport in the year 179S obtained 
Letters Patent, under the great seal of the Union, for a new improvement 
in the construction of Timber Bridges, on a more extensive plan than 
any known either in Europe or America: The principal Bridges on the 
Merrimack, Connecticut, Piscataqua and Kennebec k rivers are built on 
this principle, the strength and utility of which have been sufficiently 
proved. 

Mr. Palmer therefore begs leave to acquaint the citizens of the United 
States that he is willing to treat with any person or persons who may 
wish to purchase licenses to construct, or an e.xclusive property in the 
said new and valuable improvement." 



A year or two after the publication of this advertisement 
the southern hah" of the bridge, connecting" the town of New. 
bury with Deer island, was denounced by boatmen on the 
river as an obstruction to navigation, and in 18 10 it was re- 
mo\ed and replaced by a chain suspension bridge constructed 
by John Tcmpleman from plans furnished by James Finley of 

' Newburyport Herald, March, 3, 1807. 

Mrs. Winthrop Slater of New York city, daughter of the late Stephen Tilton of 
Newburyport, has in her possession a silver salver and tankard bearing the fol- 
lowing inscription: — 

" Presented by order of the Board of Directors for Erecting a Permanent Bridge 
over the river Schuylkill at, or near, the City of Philadelphia, By Richards Peters 
President, to Timothy Palmer of Newburvport as a testimonial of their sense of his 
services'and Ingenuity in the Plan and Completion of the Superstructure of the 
said Bridge, 1S05." 



370 



HIS TORY OF NE WBURYPORl 



Fayette county, Pa. Timothy Palmer probably had the general 
care and supervision of the work. When the bridge was com- 
pleted the following notice appeared in the columns of the 
Newburyport Herald : — 

CHAIN KRUiGES. 

Information is hereby given that Mr. Timothy Pahner of Newbury- 
port, Massachusetts, has agreed to take charge of the concerns of the 
Patentees of the Chain Bridge, in the states of Massachusetts, 
Newhampshire, Vermont, Rhode Island and Connecticut, so far as re- 
lates to the sale of Patent rights and the construction of Chain Bridges. 

(T^^ Mr, Palmer will attend to any applications relating to Bridges 
and if desired will view the proposed scite, and lay out and superintend 
the work, or recommend a suitable person to execute it. 

John Templeman. 

Approved, Timothy Palmer.' 

February 6, 1827, owing to some defect in the chains, the 
bridge between Deer island and the Newbury shore gave way 
and fell with a loaded team, two men, four o.\en and one 
horse, into the river. The horse and men were saved but the 
oxen were drowned. The bridge was rebuilt upon substan- 
tially the same i^lan and re-opened for the accommodation of 
travellers on the seventeenth day of July following. 

After the annexation of a part of the town of Newbur)' to 
Newburyport, in 185 i, the southern half of the bridge was 
within the territorial limits of the last-named town, and was 
maintained as a toll bridge between Newburyport, Deer island 
and Salisbury until August 4, 1868, when, by order of the 
county commissioners, it was made a public highway. The 
long arch, or span, on the Newburyport side of the ri\'er has 
been thoroughly repaired and strengthened since that date 
and a new iron bridge erected between Deer island and the 
Salisbury shore.- 

NEWBL'RVPORT BRIDGE. 

February 27, 1802, William Kartlet and Nicolas Pike 

'Newburyport Herald, December 21, 1810. 

'•^ See " Ould Newbury," pp. 593-604, for detailed account and full description 
of the Essex-Merrimack bridije. 



372 Z//-^' TOR V OF NE IV B UR YPOR T 

petitioned the General Court for liberty to build a bridge over 
Merrimack ri\'er from Newburyport to Salisbury. On the 
thirty-first day of May, the representatives from Newburyport 
were instructed to cast their votes in favor of the prayer of the 
petitioners." A special committee appointed by the senate 
and house of representatives, on the twelfth day of June fol- 
lowing, reported after careful investigation, February 28, 1803, 
that it was inexpedient to grant the legislation asked for and 
further consideration of the subject was indefinitely post- 
poned . 

March 4, 1826. James Prince, John Wood, Stephen Froth- 
ingham, and their associates and successors, were authorized 
to erect a bridge over Merrimack river " at some convenient 
point between the westerly side of Kent street and the east- 
erly side of Market street in Newburyport to some convenient 
point in the town of Salisbury," and they were also authorized 
to lay out a road, four rods wide, from the bridge on the Salis- 
bury side " to the country road leading to the east meetmg 
house in said Salisbury. "- 

Four stone piers, in the channel of the river, and two abut- 
ments, one on the Salisbury side, five hundred and seventy 
feet long, and one on the Newburyport side, seven hundred 
feet long, were erected during the following summer. Sub- 
sequently, wooden arches, or towers, thirty feet high, were built 
on the piers, and over these arches heavy chains extended to 
the road bed, which consisted of two separate driveways, sus- 
pended side by side, from Newburyport to the Salisbury shore. 
For the convenience of vessels passing up and down the river 
a draw was constructed near the abutment on the Newbury- 
port side of the river. The total cost of the bridge and 
causeway was over sixty-six thousand dollars. ^^ 

The bridge was passable for foot passengers August 25, 
1827, and on the seventh day of September the following 

1 Newburyport Town Records, vol. II., p. 268. 

-Acts and Resolves, 1S26, ch. 164. 

=^ Newburyport Herald, October 19, 1827. See, also, Parley's Magazine, part 
IV., vol. III., p. 50 (in the possession of Mr. William H. Merrill of Newbury- 
port). 



ESSEX-MEKR/MA C/v FRIDGE 



i73 



notice appeared in the editorial columns of the Newburyport 
Herald :— 

We understand that the upper section of the Newburyport Bridge is 
so far completed that carriages can now pass over in safety and that 
the Stage Coaches will pass it on Monday next. 

Six weeks later, the lower section of the bridge was com- 
})leted and travellers were notified that both driveways were 
available for the transportation of merchandise and passen- 
gers.' 




NKWBURYPOKT AND SALISBURY BRIDCE, 1S27. 



In the month of March. 1840, the Eastern Railroad Com- 
pan\- purchased, for the sum of five thousand dollars, all the 
iron, timber and plank in the Newburyport bridge, " to be re- 
moved previou.s to the first day of April," and also agreed to 
pay the sum of eight thousand dollars for the right to erect 
on the four stone piers and two abutments, a new bridge with 
two road-beds, one above the other ; the lower one for the 
accommodation of carts, carriages and foot passengers, the 

1 Newburyport Herald, October 19, 1S27. 

" A plan of the Xewlniryport Suspension Bridge projected and completed under 
the direction of Thomas Haven of Portsmouth, N. II., for the proprietors Oct. i, 
1S27 '' was presented in March, 1903, to the Historical Society of Old Newbury 
by Nathaniel Haven of Baltimore, grandson of Thomas Haven. 

The above half-tone print is taken from an old engraving published in Barber's 
Historical Collections of Massachusetts. 



374 



HIS TOR Y OF NE IV B UR J 'FOR T 



upper one for the use of the raih'oad then nearly completed 
from Boston to Portsmouth.' During the following summer, 
while the new bridge was being built, communication between 
Newburyport and Salisbury was maintained by Nicholas Pike 
and Israel Morrill, Jr., ferrymen.' 

April 1 6, 1846, an act in addition to an act incorporating 
the Eastern Railroad Company, and also in addition to an act 
incorporating the Proprietors of the Newburyport Bridge, was 
passed by the General Court, providing for the building of a 
draw in the bridge not less than forty-six feet in width, to be 
completed within six months and approved by three commis- 




.-^^St- 



'®^?' 



NEWBURYPORT AND SAt.lSKUKV URIDGE, 1S4O. 

sioners to be appointed by the governor of the common- 
wealth.^ 

The above half-tone j^rint is reproduced from a wood-cut 
published in Gleason's Pictorial Drawing-Room Comjianion 
November 13, 1852. It gi\'es a view of the bridge from the 
Salisbury shore, with a train passing over it. 

The heavy strain to which the bridge was subjected by the 
frequent passing of freight and imssengcr trains rendered it 
necessary to erect, in 1865, a more substantial structure a 



' Newburyport Herald, March 8, 1840. 
-Newburyport Herald, May 26, 1S40. 
^ Acts and Resolves, 1846, ch. 245. 



ESSEX- ME A' A' /MA CK BR ID GE 



575 



short distance above the old one to be used for raih"oad pur- 
poses only.' 

In 1867, the heavy timbers that supported the overhead 
track on the old bridge were removed and the bridge, in 
a somewhat dilapidated condition, was maintained as a toll 
bridge until August 4, 1868, when it was laid out as a 
public highway by the county commissioners. In 1870, the 
driveway was repaired and a new draw built, near the centre 




NliWlSl RVPORT AND SALISBUkV BKID(;E, lbi75. 

of the river, to take the place of the old one that had been 
condemned and removed. 

Tuesday morning, April 6, 1S75, three pile piers and two 
hundred feet of the bridge, near the Salisbury shore, were 
carried away by the ice.^ A new draw, to be built of iron, 
was contracted for in the month of May following, and during 
the summer the Salisbury end of the bridge was also rebuilt 
with the same kind of material. 

In 1902, the county commissioners were authorized to build, 
on new piers and abutments, a new iron bridge between New- 
buryport and Salisbury and remove the old bridge and the 
piers on which it rested. The work was completed in De- 

' Newburyport Herald, October 24, 1865. 

' Newburyport Herald, April 7 and May 6. 1S73. 



376 



HISTOK V OF NE IVB UR YPOR T 




NEWBURYPORT AXD .SAl.;.■,l;L:K^ l:Rll)i.l^, 1 9O3. 

cember, 1903, at a cost of three hundred and twenty-five 
thousand dollars. This amount has been assessed upon the 
state of Massachusetts, county of Esrex, city of Newburyport 
and towns of Amesbury and Salisbury as follows : — 

State of Massachusetts 

County of Essex 

Haverhill & Amesbury Street Raih-oad Company 

City of Newbur\-]Dort 

Town of Amesbury 

Town of Salisbury 



$25,000.00 

210,000.00 

20,000.00 

6!, 755.25 

;;^.c 00.00 

5.^44-75 

$325,000.00 



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NEWBURVPOKT AND SALISliURY BRIDGE, IQOJ. 



NEWBURYPOKT AND BOSTON TCRNPIKE 



NEWBURVPORT AND BOSTON TURNPIKE. 



377 



March 8, 1803, the General Court authorized " Micajah 
Sawyer, WilHam Coombs, Nicholas Pike, Arnold Wells, Wil- 
liam Bartlet, John Pettingell, William Smith, John Codman 
and James Prince and all such persons as are or shall be as- 
sociated with them under the name of the Newburyport Turn- 
pike Corporation " to lay out and build a turnpike road, four 
rods wide, from the head of State street, in Newburyport, 
" in as nearly a straight line as possible to Chelsea bridge," 
with liberty to erect turnpike gates and establish tolls for the 
use of the same." 

The first meeting of the company was held in Boston on 
the fourteenth day of April. The board of directors, chosen 
that day, subsequently elected Hon. William Tudor of Boston, 
president, Gorham Parsons and James Prince, vice presidents, 
and Enoch Sawyer, treasurer. On the twenty-third day of 
August following, work on the road-bed was begun, and a cut, 
ten feet deep, made through the high land owned by Moses 
Brown opposite the head of State street in Newburyport. 
Deep hollows were filled with the gravel taken from this 
excavation and a solid and substantial causeway built over 
the treacherous marsh known as Pine swamp. Although the 
work was pushed with \'igor the turnpike was not completed 
until 1806. It cost, with the toll houses, bridges and two 
hotels, one at Topsfield and on'e at Lynnfield, nearly five 
hundred thousand dollars. 

For many years, the Eastern Stage Company paid from 
eight hundred to one thousand dollars, annually, for the privi- 
lege of running its stages, post chaises and wagons over the 
road, but travellers by private conveyance found the old route 
through Rowley, Ipswich and Salem, though longer, more con- 
venient and attractive. After deducting from the gross in- 
come the cost of repairs and the salaries of gate-keepers, only 
a small balance remained to be divided annually among the 
stockholders of the Newburyport Turnpike Corporation. 

1 Acts and Resolves, 1 802-1 S03, ch. 120. 



378 JHSTOR y OF NEIVBUKYPORT 

\\\ 1S40, the profits were still further reduced by the open- 
ing of the Eastern railroad, although Samuel Shaw and son 
advertised, in June of that year, to run an accommodation 
stage over the turnpike taking passengers at reduced rates 
from Newburyport to Boston. 

A few years later, the toll gates were removed and the toll 
houses sold. For the convenience of travellers, a part of the 
turnpike from Newburyport to Rowley was laid out by the 
county commissioners, as a public highway." 

PLUM ISLAND TUKXPIKE. 

In 1804, a company was organized and a committee ap- 
pointed to estimate the cost of building a four-rod way over 
the marsh land in Newbury to Plum island. February 24, 
1806, Leonard Smith, Ebenezer Stocker, Moses Brown, Wil- 
liam Bartlet, David Coi^n, Jonathan Gage, John Greenleaf 
and their associates and successors were incorporated by the 
General Court of Massachusetts for the purpose of laying out 
and making a turnpike road from the northeast end of Rolfe's 
lane, now Ocean avenue, in the town of Newbury, to a point 
on Plum island about one mile north of Sandy beach, so called, 
and building a bridge across Plum Island ri\"er.- 

The proposed route was carefully surveyed and the turn- 
i:)ike and bridge built during the following summer. In 1807, a 
small hotel was erected on the island for the accommodation 
of visitors seeking rest or recreation at the sea-shore.-' 

In 1839, a severe storm washed away a portion of the turn- 
pike and nearly destroyed the bridge. The following winter, 
both the turnpike and bridge were seriously damaged by the 
accumulation of ice in the river, and congress was asked to 
assist in the work of reconstruction. June 4, 1842, the fol- 
lowing " Act for the relief of the Plumb Island Bridge and 
Turnpike Company" was approved by the president of the 
United States : — 

1 Newburyport Herald, July 20, 1S47. 

'Acts and Resolves, 1806, ch. 41. 

■^ " Ould Newbury," pp. 217-219; History of Newbury (Currier), p. 276. 



POSTAL SERVICE 



379 



Be it enacted «!v:c. That there be paid to the Plumb Island Bridge 
and Turnpike Company of Newburj-port, in the state of Massachusetts, 
out of any money in the treasury not otherewise appropriated, the sum of 
eight thousand dollars for the destruction of a bridge, occasioned by the 
construction of a breakwater by the United States.' 

In 1 884, the turnpike, bridge and hotel were sold to David 
L. Withington and Thomas C. Simpson, and the company, 
then practically if not legally extinct, was reorganized. In 
1887, the property was sold to Edward P. Shaw, Charles Odell 
and others, and a horse-railroad company was organized to 
take passengers from Market square, in Newburypc^-t, over the 
tiu'npike to the hotel on Plum island. In 1894, the road was 
rebuilt and equipped for electric-car service. It is still inactive 
operation during the summer months, under the management 
of the Citizens' Electric Street Railway Company. 

In May, 1905, the county commissioners were directed by 
the General Court to lay out Plum Island turnpike and bridge 
as a public highway, and allow such damages as they think 
reasonable, " provided, however, that the maximum amount 
shall not exceed the sum of six thousand dollars. "- 

When the commissioners complete the work assigned to 
them the Plum Island Turnpike and Bridge Company, incor- 
l)orared in 1806, will cease to exist. 

POSTAL SERVICE. 

As early as 1693, post-riders carried the mail from Boston, 
through Newbury, to Portsmouth, N. H., once a week. Seven- 
ty years later, the route was extended from Portsmouth to 
Portland, Me. In 1761, " the first stage or passenger chair 
in America," drawn by two horses, started from the stables 
kei)t by John Stavers in Portsmouth and made weekly trips 
through Newbury, Ipswich and Salem to Boston. ^ At that 
date, Bulkeley Emerson was postmaster in Newbury. He was 
a bookseller and stationer, and had a shop near the foot of 

^ Private Statutes at Large of the United States of America, ch. XXXV., p. 
829. 

- Acts and Resolves, 1905, ch. 404. 

•^ History of Newbury (Currier), pp. 465-474. 



380 HIS TOR V OF XE IV B UK \ 'POK T 

Fish, now State, street where he received and assorted the 
mail. When Newburyport was incorporated, in 1764, his 
house and shop were inckided within the hmits of the new 
town . 

In December, 1772, Hui;h Finlay was appointed surveyor 
of post-roads on the continent of North America. In the 
month of March following, he e.Kamined the roads in New 
York, and travelled slowly through Canada, and thence down 
the Penobscot and Kennebec ri\'ers to Falmouth, now Portland, 
Me. He arrived at Portsmouth, N. H., October 5. 1773. In 
his journal, he wrote as follows : — 

The Post from the westward, that is the mails from \"irginia, Mary- 
land, Pennsylvania, Jersey, New York and Boston arrive at 1 1 o'clock in 
good weather, — in winter after a fall of snow, or heavy rain, he [the post- 
man] seldom arrives before ten o'clock at night ; when the wind blows 
hard from certain points, he is detained at the ferry at Newbury Port for 
there's no passing there in a high wind. — One Stavers, some years ago be- 
gan to drive a stage coach between Portsmouth and Boston ; his drivers hurt 
the office very much by carrying letters, and they were so artful that the 
post master could not detect them ; it was therefore judged proper to 
take this man into the pay of the office and to give two mails weekly 
between Boston and Portsmouth.' 

Mr. Finlay left Portsmouth Saturday afternoon, October 
ninth, and arrived in Newburyport the same evening. On 
Monday, October eleventh, he met Mr. Emerson, who informed 
him that the mails from Boston arrived at Newbury on Tues- 
days and F"ridays at six o'clock?, m. ; that the mails from Ports- 
mouth arrived on Tuesdays at one o'clock, and on Fridays be- 
tween four and five o'clock, p. m. ; that the mails for Boston, 
Portsmouth and the eastward were made up on Tuesdays at 
one o'clock, and on Fridays at four o'clock, p. m. He ex- 
amined the books and accounts of Mr. Emerson, and reported 
as follows : — 

He seems to be a stayed, sober man. He has no office . . Mr. Em- 

erson thinks that the want of Post horns is a loss to the office, for by 
warning given by the horn many letters would go by Post which are now 

'Journal kept by Hugh Finlay, Surveyor of the Post Roads on the Continent 
of North America (Boston Athenaeum). 



POSTAL SERVICE 



381 



sent by other opportunity's — the Post should blow before the hour of 
starting and in passing on his way many letters wou"d be delivered to 
him . . . He asks whether, if the drivers of stages were to be paid a 
penny for every letter they bring to the office, he might charge two pence 
for all such letters deliverable in town. The Rider who brings the mails 
to this office is punctual. The office here neither encreases nor dimin- 
ishes, the recc't is from ^9 to ^10. quarterly.' 

Benjamin Franklin, who was at that date deputy-postmaster- 
general in America, was cited to appear before the privy 
council to answer to certain charges in regard to the publica- 
tion of the " Hutchinson Correspondence," and after some 
delay was removed from office January 31, 1774. In this 
emergency, Mr. William Goddard proposed to appoint post- 
masters and post-riders and re-establish the mails between 
Boston and Portsmouth. After visiting Salem and Marble- 
head, he came to Newburyport on the thirty-first day of 
March to consult with some of the prominent merchants of 
the town in regard to the ways and means to be adopted to 
carry the plan into execution.- In answer to his appeal for 
assistance the following letter was prepared and sent to his 
address in Boston : — 

Newburyport, April 15, 1774. 
Mr. Wm Goddard, 

Sir: — We entirely approve of the Design of establishing a continent- 
al Post Office & Rider upon Constitutional Principles, and we apprehend 
the Inhabitants of this Town in general will make it manifest that they 
are of the same sentiments with ourselves in Regard to this matter by 
engaging to give Countenance & Support thereto. A subscription to 
raise a Fund to defray the Expense that may be incurred is already be- 
gun & we shall use our Endeavrs to have it completed as soon as possible. 

Be pleased to communicate our sentiments to Towns & Provinces 
that you may travel through. 

We are with Esteem, Sir, yours most humble serves. 

By order of the com'tee of Correspond^, for Newbury Port, 

James Hudson, Clerk.i 

Hugh Finlay's Journal (Boston AthenKum). 

- Essex Journal and Merrimack Packet, Wednesday, April 6, 1774 (Boston 
Athenaeum). 
■^ Unclassified manuscripts in Essex Institute, Salem, Mass. 



382 HIS TOR V OF NE IVB UR YPOR T 

May 13, 1775, the second provincial congress, in sessional 
Cambridge, Mass., appointed a committee to engage post- 
riders to serve until otherwise ordered, and to establish post- 
offices in the following named towns : " one at Cambridge, 
one at Salem, one at Ipswich, one at Haverhill, one at New- 
buryport, one at Kennebunk, one at Falmouth." Bulkeley 
Emerson was appointed postmaster for Newburyport. 

In the month of July following, the continental congress 
elected Benjamin Franklin postmaster-general, and authorized 
him to engage post-riders to carry the mail from Fal- 
mouth, in Maine, to Savannah, in Georgia, with cross lines to 
important towns remote from the sea-coast. Bulkeley Emer- 
son was retained as postmaster in Newburyport. 

November 7, 1776, Richard Bache succeeded Benjamin 
Franklin as postmaster-general, and retained the office until 
January 28, 1782, when Ebenezer Hazard was appointed. 
Mr. Hazard served until 1789. Samuel Osgood, a native of 
Andover, Mass., was appointed on the twenty-seventh day of 
September, 1789, and remained at the head of the depart- 
ment for two years at a salary of fifteen hundred dollars per 
annum. He resigned in 1791, and Timothy Pickering was 
appointed to fill the vacancy. 

The mail was forwarded from Portsmouth to Portland once 
a week from June, 1775, until January, 1789, when it was 
sent twice a week. It was taken sometimes by a postman on 
foot, but generally on horseback, until 1787, when Joseph 
Barnard who had been a post-rider for many years, and kept 
a tavern in Kennebunk, employed a two-horse wagon and car- 
ried passengers as well as newspapers and letters. Post- 
riders were allowed, but not required, to carry newspapers on 
their mail routes. 



The fact is the office has nothing to do with Newspapers : it is a matter 
merely between the printers and the riders who have the carriage of them 
as a perquisite.' 



' Letters of Postmaster-General Hazard in the Mass. Hist. Coll., vol. HI., Fifth 
Series, p. 24. 



POSTAL SERVICE 383 

In 1793, the mails were made up at the post-office in 
Newburyport at twelve o'clock, noon, for the eastward, on 
Mondays, Wednesdays and Fridays, from the first of May 
until the first of November ; and for the westward at half-past 
seven o'clock a. m., on Tuesdays, Thursdays and Saturdays. 

N. B. It is requested that all letters may be left at the Post Office half 
an hour before closing the mail.' 

At that date, lotteries were established and maintained in 
New England, with the advice and consent of the public 
authorities, and postmasters frecjuently aided in the sale of 
tickets and distribution of prizes, as stated in the following 
notice, published in connection with the announcement of a 
lottery to raise funds to build a bridge in the state of Con- 
necticut : — 

Tickets may be had at the Post Office in Newburyport and all fortu- 
nate purchasers in said Lottery may receive their prize money at said 
office after the drawing is completed and a list of the prizes published. - 

Rulkeley Emerson was postmaster of Newburyport from 
the incorporation of the town, in 1764, until his death, April 
20, 1 801. He was succeeded by his son, Joseph Emerson, 
who held the office for six years. The prepayment of letter 
postage was not then required and as the persons to whom 
letters were addressed did not always pay cash for them, it was 
frequently necessary to notify the delinquents " to call and 
settle." 

POST OFFICE NOTICE. 

As the punctual payment of postage would save much trouble to the 
Post Master he would be much obhged to Gentlemen who have their 
letters and papers charged, if they would on the first week of every Janu- 
ary, April, July and October, send to the Office, or call and pay what may 
be due to the first day of said months respectively.3 

^ Essex Journal and New Hampshire Packet, May 8, 1793. 

- Essex Journal and New Hampshire Packet, July 3, 1793. 

Before and after that date letters were sent to England by vessels sailing from 
Newburyport. In the Impartial Herald, the following notice appeared February 
5, 1796: "The Letter Bag of the Ship Concord, for London, Benjamin 
Calley, commander, is up at Mr. Davenport's Tavern and will be taken on board 
this evening." 

•'Newburyport Herald, October i, 1805. 



384 



HIS TOR Y OF NE IVB UR YPOR T 



In January, 1807, Stephen Cross was appointed postmaster, 
and twelve months later the post-office was removed to Essex 
street, " near the old Town house."' Stephen Cross died 
March 30, 1809, and Caleb Cross was appointed to fill the 
vacancy. In 18 10, he published the following notice : — 

Those Persons who are indebted to the Post Office are informed that 
their bills are now ready and an immediate attention to them may pre- 
vent cost and trouble. - 

Hon. Charles Turner, who had been for several years a 
representative in congress from Pl)'mouth county, was ap- 
pointed postmaster in Newburyport in 181 3. He was suc- 
ceeded by Moses Lord, who was postmaster from 18 16 to 
1840.' Soon after the appointment of Mr. Lord he published 
the following notice in the Newburyport Herald : — 

All persons who stand indebted for Postage on the books of this office 
are requested hereby to call and settle their accounts to the 31st ult. 
Prompt payment at the end of each quarter will be expected of persons 
who are or may be accommodated by having an account kept of their 
postage, otherwise accounts of that kind will not be kept. 

(T^^ Office open Sunday mornings until ten o'clock for the delivery of 
Letters. 4 

The names of the postmasters of Newburyport, from 1764 
to the present time, are as follows : — 

Bulkeley Emerson, from the incoqjoration of Newbur}port, in 1764, 
until his death, April 20, 1801. 

Joseph Emerson,5 from May 16, 1801, to January 20, 1807. 
Stephen Cross, from January 20, 1807, until his death, March 30, 1S09. 
Caleb Cross,*^ from 1809 until 1813. 
Charles Turner, from 181 3 until 18 16. 

'Newburyport Herald, January 20, 1807, and January 29, 1808. 

2 Newburyport Herald, October 26, 1810. 

^ In 1823, the post-office was in a building " at the corner of Inn street front- 
ing on Pleasant street." Newburyport Herald, November 14, 1823. 

* Newburyport Herald, April 16, 1816. 

■" Joseph Emerson, son of Bulkeley and Mary (Moody) Emerson, was born in 
Newburyport, September 10, 1767. 

''Caleb Cross was assistant postmaster April i, 1809. He was appointed post- 
master previous to July 4, 1809. 



POSTAL SERVICE 385 

Moses Lord,' from February, 1816, until July, 1840. 
Joseph Couch, from July, 1840, until November, 1841. 
Benjamin W. Hale,^ from November, 1841, until February, 1846. 
Stephen Ilsley,3 from February, 1846, until October, 1850. 
Frederick J. Coffin, from October, 1850, until October, 1853. 
John M. Cooper, from October, 1853, until June, 1858. 
George W. Jackman, Jr., from June 4, 1858, until January, 1862. 
Nathan A. Moulton, from January, 1862, until March i, 1867. 
George J. L. Colby,4 from March i, 1867, until April 21, 1869. 
Richard Plumer, from April 21, 1869, until May, 1877. 
Isaac P. Noyes, from May, 1877, to February, t886. 
Samson Levy, from February, 1886, to February, 1890. 
Willard J. Hale, from February, 1890, to March, 1894. 
WilHam C. Cuseck, from March, 1894, to March, 1898. 
Fred E. Smith, from March, 1898. 

' " Moses Lord, Esq. is appointed Postmaster in this town vice Charles Turner 
Esq. (of Plymouth County) resigned." Newburyport Herald, February 16, 1816. 

- Mr. Hale announced, in the Newburyport Herald, May i, 1842, that the post- 
office would be open on Sundays from twelve o'clock, noon, until two o'clock 
V. M., for the delivery of letters. 

' An amusing incident connected with the post-office in Newburyport was de- 
scribed in the Newburyport Herald December iS, 1846, as follows : A small boy 
delivered a letter to the postmaster, saying : " Here's a letter : and she wants to 
have it go along as fast as it can, cause there's a feller wants to have her here and 
she's courted by another feller what ain't here and she wants to know whether he's 
going to have her or not." 

* Mr. Colby was appointed August 27, 1866, during a recess of the senate. 
He was confirmed by the senate in March, 1S67. 



CHAPTER X. 

TAVERNS, STAGE COACHES, RAILROADS AND 
STREET CAR SERVICE. 

When Newburyport was incorporated, in 1764, Wolfe tav- 
ern, tlien standing on the corner of Fish, now State, street and 
Threadneedle alley, was a famous resort for travellers. The 
proprietor, William Davenport, came to Newbury as early as 
1738, probably, and established himself in business as a wood 
carver. He married, April 3, 1740, Sarah, daughter of Moses 
and Mary (Noyes) Gerrish of Newbury.' 

In 1 741, he purchased of Samuel Greenleaf land on Fish, 
now State, street, with a dwelling house thereon, which he 
owned and occupied until his death, in 1773." His father, 
James Davenport, was a prominent innkeeper in Boston. ^^ 

' Capt. William Gerrish, born in Bristol, England, in 1617, came to Newbury 
in 1640, probably, and died in Salem August 9, 16S7. His son Moses Gerrish, 
born in Newbury May 9, 1656, married Jane Sewal! September 24, 1677. 
Moses Gerrish, son of Aloses and Jane (Sewallj Gerrish, was born in Newbury 
February 17, 1691-2. He married Mary, daughter of Col. Thomas and 
Elizabeth (Greenleaf) Noyes, Noveml)er 12, 1714. Sarah, daughter of Moses 
and Mary (Noyes) Gerrish, was born January 14, 1716. 

^ " Ould Newbury," pp. 492-507. 

8 The petition of James Davenport to be appointed innkeeper, in 1754, with 
the order of the General Court thereon, reads as follows: — 

" To His Excelcy Will Shirley Esq'' Governour in Chief in and over his 
Majsty I'rovince aforesd. To the Honble His Majesties Council and House of 
Representatives in General Court assembled- 

The Petition of James Davenport to your Excellency and Hon's Humbly 
Sheweth that your Petition'' by the Fav"" of his Majesties Justices for the County 
of Suffolk in July last obtained a I'ublic License to be an Innholder in the Town 
of Boston where he has for some months Past, at the Sign of the Globe, kept a 
Public Tavern to the Universal Satisfaction of all Travellers and others; but find- 
ing many Inconveniences there has removed to the Castle Tavern, formerly so 
called, now known by the name of the Bunch of Grapes, near Scarletts Wharfe 
which is a house which has been a Public licenced House between Forty and 
Fifty years last. Now your Petit'" humbly prays your Excellcy and Honours to 
Grant him the same Liberty of a Public Innholder in the Tavern called the Bunch 
of Grapes as he had at the Sign of the Globe aforesd and as there can be no possi- 
ble Inconvenience Arising either to the Public or Private thereby, and as no Per- 
son whatsoever has any Objections thereto, but approve the same he humbly 
prays your Excellcy and Honi's would grant the Prayer of this his Petit" and as 
In Duty bound he will ever pray &c. 

James Davenport. 

(386) 



7AVERXS, STAGE COACHES, RAILROADS, ETC. 387 

William Davenport had command of a company in the ex- 
pedition that sailed from Louisbourg, in June, 1759, for the 
reduction of Quebec. He was in the battle on the plains of 
Abraham on the thirteenth da}' of September, when General 
Wolfe was killed. After his return to Newbury, he converted 
his dwelling house into a tavern and hung out a quaint sign 
with the head and bust of General Wolf e carved thereon. 

In 1764, a part of the town of Newbury was set off and 
incorporated by the name of Newburyport. Wolfe tavern was 
then near the business centre of the new town. Social and 
political gatherings were held in its parlors and the Newbury- 
port Marine society, as well as the members of St. Peter's 
lodge of Free and Accepted Masons, met there as often as 
once a month for many years. The mail-stage stopped at the 
tavern door long enough to allow the traveller to quench his 
thirst at the bar, or appease his hunger with a substantial 
meal, and farmers from New Hampshire, bringing eggs, butter 
and poultry to market, frequentl)' found shelter for the night 
under its roof. 

William Davenport died September 2, 1773. Under the 
management of his sons, Anthony and Moses Davenport, the 
tavern continued popular and prosperous for more than thirty 
years. In 1 782, Marquis de Chastellux, who served under Count 
de Rochambeau in the lve\'olutionary war, visited Newburyport, 
and subsequently published an account of his journey through 
Massachusetts and New Hampshire. He dined at Wolfe 
tavern, or Davenport's inn, as it was frequently called, and 
remained there over night with his tra\'elling companions, 
" Messieurs Lynch de Montesquieu, the Baron de Talyrand 
and M. de Vaudreuil."' At a later date, Governor Hancock 

In the House of Representatives Dec. 3, 1754. 

" Ordered That the Prayer of this Petition be so far granted as that the Jus- 
tices of the Court of General Sessions of the Peace for the County of Suffolk at 
their present adjournment or some other time be impowered (if they see fit) to 
Licence the Petitioner to be an Inholder in the Town of Boston in the house 
commonly known by the name of the Bunch of Grapes near Scarletts ^Yharfe, 
He Obtaining the Approbation of the Selectmen of said Town. The time of 
granting Licenses being elapsed notwithstanding. 

In Council read and Concurred. Consented to. W. Shirley. 

[Massachusetts Archives, vol. CXL, pp. 329 and 330.] 

1 Travels in North America, vol. H., p. 240. 



388 HISTOK Y OF NE WBUR YPORT 

and other men prominent in public life were entertained at 
this famous hostelry. 

In 1804, Thomas Perkins succeeded Moses Davenport as 
innkeeper, but he did n()t, probably, serve in that capacity 
after May i, 1807. In April of that year Prince Stetson was 
licensed to keep a house of entertainment in Newburyport. 
He had charge of Wolfe tavern from 1807 until the building 
was destroyed by fire, in 181 1. Mr. Stetson subsequently 
leased a dwelling house, on the corner of Temple and State 
streets, which he converted into a tavern. In 18 14, he re- 
moved to Salem. 

In December, 18 13, Benjamin Hale, one of the owners and 
managers of the Portsmouth, Newburyport and Boston Stage 
company, purchased a large three-story brick house, built by 
John Peabody in 1807, on the corner of Harris and State 
streets, and fitted it up for the accommodation of travellers. 
It was called Merrimack Hotel, " lately the mansion house of 
General Peabody, at the sign of James Wolfe, Esq., on State 
street ; Stephen Hammond, landlord."' The portrait of General 
Wolfe on a swinging sign, painted by Moses Cole, an artist of 
some distinction at that time, was placed in front of the house, 
where it still hangs, having been recently repainted by a more 
celebrated artist, Robert Gordon Hardie of Brattleboro, Vt. 

Several other taverns were established in Newburyport at a 
very early date as the following notices, gathered from news- 
papers and official records, clearly indicate : — 

INN AT NEWliURY-PORT. 

William Lambert, from Yorkfhire in England, begs Leave to inform 
the Publick that he has lately taken the Inn at Newbury-Port formerly 
occupied by Mr. C/ioafc, which is now completely repaired, and new fur- 
nifhed with convenient Furniture, and the greateft Variety of excellent 
LIQUORS. He has alfo provided commodious Stabling for Horfes, and 
every Accommodation for Travellers and others. He humbly intreats 
Cuftom, and will ftrive by his good Entertainment to merit the Publick 
Favour, at the Sign of the Wci!fw;>rf/i Anns, near the P'erry, in New- 
burj^ort.- 

' Newburyport Herald, June 24, 1814. 

-Essex Gazette, January 15-22, 1771 (Essex Institute, Salem). 



390 ^A^ TOR y OF NE IV B C 'R YPO/y' T 

INN AT NE\V];L'RV-P0RT. 

Robert Calder, from London 
(Late Servant to His Excellency Governor Wentworth), 
Has purchafed the Leale of the noted Inn lately occupied by Mr. 
William Lambert ; which is now further repaired and furnil'hed with con- 
venient Accommodations for Travellers, and good Stabling for Horfes. 
The public Favour is humbly intreated : and the beft Entertainment, with 
diligent Attendance, will be provided for Travellers and others who mav 
be pleafed to favour him with their Cuftom, 

The Public's molt obedient Sen-ant 
July I, I 771. ROI5ERT Caldek.' 

In 1782, and annually thereafter until 1786, Maj. Ezra 
Lunt, who had been publisher of the Essex Journal and Mer- 
rimack Packet, proprietor of a stage coach leaving Newbury- 
port e\'ery Monday morning for Boston, and a soldier in the 
Continental army, was a licensed innholder and kept a public 
house on the northwesterly side of Eederal street, near the 
corner of Water street.' He afterwards removed to Ohio, 
where he died in 1803. 

In 1788, Thomas Merrill, for several years innkeeper near 
Rev. Mr. Gary's meeting house,^^ had a tavern on State street. 

Thomas Merrill informs his Friends and the Public that he has re- 
moved into Newbur^-port again where he has opened a House of Public 
Entertainment in State street.-i 

June 25. 1799, the following notice was published in the 
Newburyport Herald : — 

NEW I'Ur.LIC HOUSE 

.Sign of the American Eagle. 

Samuel Richardson Informs his friends and the public in general that 

he has removed from Union Hall into that spacious and convenient 

building lately occupied by Capt. Ebenezer Stocker, East Corner of the 

Ferryway Wharf, — which he has opened for public Entertainment and 

^ Essex Gazette, July 16-23, 177^ (Essex Institute, .Salem). 

2 Newburyport (Selectmen's) Records. 

3 See p. 79. 

■* Essex Journal and New Hampshire Packet, June 11, 17SS. 

On the ninth day of July foUovvmg, Thomas ISIerrill announced that his house 
of public entertainment was " at the sign of the Bunch of Grapes in State street, a 
few doors above the Town House."' 



TAVERXS, STAGE COACHES, RAILROADS, ETC. 391 

will make every exertion to gratify and please those who may visit his 
House, — every favor will be gratefully acknowledged. 

Good accommodations for a few Boarders : likewise Stal)liag for 
Horses. 

Mr. Richardson probabl)- remained in charge of this house 
until the spring of 1807, when he removed to Plum island and 
took a lease, for one year, of the hotel erected there by the 
Plum Island Turnpike and Bridge Corporation. 

The Sun hotel was for several years under the managment 
of Jacob Coburn. It was established in 1S07, but did not, 
probably, long survive the business depression in Newbury- 
port that followed the great fire of 181 1. The opening of 
the hotel in the Tracy house was announced as follows : — ' 

NEWBURYPORT SUN HOTEL. 




w 



JACOB COBURN. 

ITH deference informs his fiiends and the k 

miblip that Kb Virjc r>r,onpH 3. fnaciOUS "I 



public that he has opened a fpacious 
HOTEL in ftate-ftreet, Newburyport, the for- 
mer manfion of the late Hon. Nathaniel Tracy, 
Elq. and where Mr. James Prince laft refided. 

Having at confiderable pains and ex- 
penfe put the above in a fituation fuited to ac- 
commodate Gentlemen, he afTures them with 
confidence that they will find pvery convenience, 
and an unremitting attention to enfure the fa- 
vors of the Traveller, c^ Good horfes and 
carriages to be had at all hours. 

Three years later, the following advertisement appeared in 
the columns of the Newburyport Herald : — 

SUX HOTEL REMOVED. 

The subscriber informs the public that he has removed from his form- 
er stand in State street. The House he now occupies, situated near 
the entrance of the Newburvport Turnpike, is large and convenient and 

1 Newburyport Herald, May 5, 1S07. 



392 ^I^ TORY OF NE WB UR YPOR T 

the stable in good order. His assiduous attention shall be directed to the 
accommodation of his guests and he tiatters himself that he shall merit a 
share of public patronage.' 

After the death of Timothy Dexter, in 1 806, his household 
furniture was sold at auction, and his dwelling house convert- 
ed into a tavern. 

Samuel Richardson informs his friends and the public in general 
that he has removed from the Hotel on Plum Island to that elegant and 
spacious House owned by the late Timothy Dexter, High Street, where 
he has good accommodations for travellers and others who may favor 
him with their custom. ' 

Mr. Richardson announced, April 6, 18 10, that he had re- 
moved from High street "and taken the house lately occupied 
by Mr. Jeremiah Todd in Market Square where he will enter- 
tain travellers as usual;" and a few weeks later the following 
notice appeared in the advertising columns of the Nevvbury- 
port Herald : — 

FUIiLIC HOUSE. 

The subscriber of Weare, N. H. accjuaints the public that he has taken 
that noted house on High Street, Newbur)'port, known by the name of 
the Dexter House (where the Lion and the Lamb lie down together in 
peace, and where the tirst characters in the land are known to make their 
stay) which he opened the 2otii ult as a house of Entertainment for the 
weary traveller who may sojourn thither, and for the conviviality of the 
jovial citizens of the town who may wish to spend a social hour freed 
from the cares of busy Hfe ; and he respectfully solicits their company, 
fully persuaded he shall be enabled to afford them satisfaction. 

Country people are informed that he will entertain them as reasonably 
and with as good cheer, both for man and beast, as any regular Inn- 
keeper between M'Gregor's Bridge and Newbur^port, having commodious 
and convenient stables with good attendance. He flatters himself they 
will call and see. 

\Vn.Li.\.M Caldwell..' 

In 1823, Prince Stetson returned to Newburyport, and again 
took charge of the Washington hotel, on the corner of State 

1 Newburyport Herald, October 23, 18 10. 
- Newburyport Herald, March 8, 1808. 
^ Newbur)-port Herald, May 8, 1810. 



TAVERNS, STAGE COACHES, RAILROADS, ETC. 393 

and Temple streets. When LaFayette visited the town in 
1824, he was pro\-ided with spacious apartments in the 
Tracy house, now the Public Library building, and meals 
were served there by the landlord of Washington hotel. The 
next year, Daniel Oilman announced that he had taken 
charge of the house recently occupied by Mr. Prince Stetson 
on State street. 

His Bar will be constantly supplied with the best liquors ; his table 
will be furnished with every dainty which the market affords ; such do- 
mestics will be employed as will be ready and willing to serve and every- 
thing done that customers on leaving his house may say their monev was 
well spent." 

In 1840, Joseph T. Haskins purchased a dwelling house 
on the corner of Titcomb and Merrimack streets, and fitted it 
up for the entertainment of travellers. The Washington 
house, as it was then called, remained under his management 
for six or eight years. In 1849, James and David E. Carey 
had charge of it, and in 1850 Thomas Brown had possession 
of the property and " furnished entertainment for man and 
beast." In 1854, Horace Hamblet purchased a controlling 
interest in the hotel and changed the name to Ocean House. 
He was succeeded by Benjamin Y . Atkinson in 1866, and 
James P. L. Westcott in 1873. While under the management 
of Mr. Westcott the name of the hotel was changed to Han- 
cock House in 1882, and afterwards to Hotel Sedgwick. Af- 
ter the death of Mr. Westcott, February 15, 1900, the prop- 
erty was sold, and since that date has not been used for hotel 
purposes. 

Franklin House, near Market square, at the head of 
Central wharf, was probably in existence, under another name 
more than a century ago. In 1849, it was kept by Jonathan 
Lovering, in 1856 by Hiram Bean, and in i860 by Daniel 
Hamblet. 

Hotel Waverly, on Merrimack street, at the head of Mer- 
cantile wharf, was formerly the residence of Capt. Thomas 

' Newburyport Herald, May 20, iSag. 



394 



HISTORY OF NEWBURYPORT 



Thomas, a prominent soldier and privateersman in the Revo- 
lutionary war. In July, 1864, Daniel Hamblet purchased 
the property. He built a piazza in front of the house and a 
stable in the rear. In October of that year he announced 
that he was ready to furnish food and lodging to travellers at 
the American house, No. 18 Merrimack street. After the 
death of Mr. Hamblet the house was sold, and the name changed 
to Lincoln House. It is now known as Hotel Waverly. 

At the beginning of the nineteenth century, Moses Brown 
erected a large three-story brick building on Brown square. 
It was for many years a private residence. At a later date, a 
portion of it was used for a boarding house. In 1884, Elisha 
P. Pride leased the property and converted it intc) a small 
hotel called Brown Square Hotel. It remained under his 
management until 1886, when it came into the possession of 
John F. Morrill, who occupied the house and entertained trav- 
ellers there until December, 1904. Soon after that date it 
was refurnished throughout, and leased to its ])resent land- 
k>rd, John J. Grounder of Farmington, Me. 

STAGE CCTACHES. 

April 20, 1 76 1, a stage drawn by two horses, and capable 
of carrying four persons besides the driver, set out from the 
tavern kept by John Stavers, in Portsmouth, for Newbury, 
Salem and Boston. This stage made weekly trips between 
Portsmouth and Boston for two years, passing through New- 
bury on the way. In 1763, a larger coach, carrying six per- 
sons inside and drawn by four or six horses, was advertised 
by Bartholomew Stavers, brother of John Stavers, to leave 
Portsmouth every Tuesday morning for Boston, and, return- 
ing, to leave Boston every Friday morning for Portsmouth.' 
Travellers by this conveyance dined at Wolfe tavern, then a 
new and popular resort, in Newbury. After the incorpora- 
tion of Newburyport, in 1764, this famous inn, near the geo- 
graphical centre of the new town, continued to supply hungry 
and thirsty travellers with good dinners and wine. 

' History of Newbury (Currier), p. 273. ' . 



STAGE COACHES 



395 



In 1770, Benjamin Hart who had been employed as post- 
rider between Portsmouth and Boston, published the follow- 
ing notice in the Essex Gazette : — 

He [Benjamin Harl] has left riding the single horse post between Boston 
and Portsmouth and now conveys passengers from Boston to any town be- 
tween it and Portsmouth and back again in the same Post Stage lately 
improved by John Noble. He sets out from Boston every Friday morn- 
ing and from Portsmouth on Tuesday morning following. The above con- 
veyance has been found very useful and now, more so, as there is another 
curricle improved by J. S. Hart who setts off from Portsmouth the same 
day this does from Boston, by which opportunity offers twice a week for 
travellers to either place.' 

In 1774, Ezra Lunt, a descendant of Henry Lunt, one of 
the early settlers of Newbury, announced in The Essex 
Journal and Merrimack Packet, a newspaper printed in New- 
buryport, that a coach drawn by four horses, would leave 
Newbury port for Boston every Monday morning, and return- 
ing leave Boston for Newburyport every Thursday morning as 
follows : — 

STAGE COACH, 

That constantly plys between Newbury-Port and Boston, setts out 
with four horses every Monday morning at seven o'clock from Newbury- 
Port, and arrives at Boston the same day: — Leaves Boston every Thurs- 
day morning and reaches Newbury Port the same day. 

Such Ladies and Gentlemen, as want a passage from Newbury Port 
to Boston, are desired to apply at the house of the Subscriber, opposite 
to the Rev. Mr. Parson's meeting-house. And those from Boston to 
Newbury Port, at the house of Mrs. Bean, in King street. 

It is hoped this very expensive vmdertaking will meet with encourage- 
ment from all Ladies and Gentlemen, as they may depend on the punc- 
tual performance, 

Of the Public's most obedient humble Servant, 

Ezra Lunt. 2 

January 19, 1775, The Essex Journal and Merrimack Pack- 
et announced that Ezra Lunt, one of the publishers of that 

' Annals of Salem (Felt), p. 479. 

- The Essex Journal and Merrimack Packet, or The ^L^ssachusetts and New 
Hampshire General Advertiser, April 27, May 4, 11, and 18, and June i, 15 and 
22, 1774 (Boston Athenreum). 



396 inSTOR Y OF NE IVB UR YPOR T 

paper, " keeps a carriage constantly plying between Newbury- 
Port and Boston . . . said Liint sets out from his own house 
in Newbury Port every Tuesday and puts up at Mrs. Beans 
in Boston, at which place he may be treated with for passage 
or orders to be executed which will be performed with care 
and fidelity." At the beginning of the Revolutionary war, 
Mr. Lunt sold his horses and coaches and enlisted in the Con- 
tinental army. 

In 1 787, Joseph Barnard, an old mail-carrier, advertised to take 
passengers, once a week, in a two-horse wagon from Portland, 
Me., to Portsmouth, N. H., leaving Portland Saturday morn- 
ing and arriving in Portsmouth Monday evening." In 1795, 
John Greenleaf, Joseph Barnard, Thomas Motly, Levi Rogers 
and William Sta\'ers announced that they would run a line of 
stages from Portland, through Portsmouth and Newburyport 
to Boston, twice a week from the middle of April to the 
middle of October.' Jacob Hale and Son advertised, April 21, 
1795, to run a coach from Newburyport to Boston twice a 
week, " seats to be secured at the residence of Mr. Hale on 
Federal street, Newburyport, near Mr. Dana's meeting house. "^ 
They also ran a coach three times a week from Newburyport 
to Haverhill. Joseph and Benjamin Hale announced April 22, 
1800, that " the stage formerly run by Mr. Jacob Hale . . . 
will leave Federal street opposite Mr. William Bartlet's once 
a week for Boston. " + 

January 5, 1801, Jacob Hale, Jr., Tristram Plummer, Joseph 
Hale and Benjamin Hale started a new line of stages between 
Newburyport and Boston ; one stage to leave Newbur}qDort 
daily, Sundays excepted, at seven o'clock .a., m., and arrive in 
Boston at four o'clock in the afternoon ; and one, drawn by the 
same number of horses, to leave Boston at the same hour in 
the morning and arrive in Newburyport at the same hour in the 
afternoon. 5 During the summer following, " The Newbury- 

' Journal of Rev. Thomas Smith, edited by William Willis, p. 361. 
-Impartial Herald, Newburyport, January 13, 1795. 
' Impartial Herald, April 21, 1795 (Newburyport Public Library). 
^Newburyport Herald and Country Gazette, April 22, 1800 (Newburyport Pub- 
lic Library). 

^Newburyport Herald, December 20, 1800. 



STAGE COACHES 



397 



port Caravan," Samuel Richardson, proprietor, made weekly 
trips from Newbury port to Boston for the transportation of 
baggage and merchandise.' 

In 1803, the first stage left Newburyport at half-past six 
A. M., and arrived in Boston at half-past one p. m. The mail 
stage from Portsmouth left Newburyport at half-past nine a. m., 
arriving in Boston at six p. m. The next stage left New- 
buryport at twelve o'clock, arriving in Boston at seven p. m. 
The fare was two dollars and fifty cents by the half-past six and 
twelve o'clock stages and three dollars and twenty-five cents 
by the mail stage leaving Newburyport at half-past nine. 

May 27, 1803, stages left Haverhill at seven o'clock and 
arrived at Davenport's inn, in Newburyport at ten o'clock 
A. M., returning in season to reach Haverhill at seven o'clock 
p. M. "Fare, seventy-five cents."' 

In 1805, stages from Camden, Wiscasset, Augusta and 
Portland, Maine, left Newburyport daily, Sundays excepted, 
for Salem and Boston, and twice a week a heavy wagon, 
drawn by four horses, was sent over the road loaded with 
baggage and merchandise.^ 

In 1 8 14, Samuel Shaw, Jr., landlord of the Sun hotel, and 
others associated with him, started a new line of stages, leav- 
ing Newburyport at six o'clock in the morning, and arriving 
in Boston at one o'clock p. m. 

In 1818, the proprietors of some of the most prominent 
stage lines were incorporated in New Hampshire by the name 
of the Eastern Stage Company. ■♦ 

Josiah Paine, Stephen Howard, Seth Sweetser, Samuel 
Larkin, Thomas Haven, Henry Elkins and Ephraim Wildes 
were chosen directors, Nehemiah Cleav^eland, president, Seth 
Sweetser, clerk, and Col. Jeremiah Colman, agent and treas- 
urer, at the first meeting of the company held at Hampton 
Falls, October 9, 18 18. P"or many years the company was 
popular and prosperous. It had but few competitors. In 

1 Newburyport Herald, June 19, 1801. 
- Newburyport Herald, May 27, 1803. 
3 Newburyport Herald, May 3, 1805. 
^Newburyport Herald, April 10, 1818. 



398 



HI ST OR Y OF NE WB UR YPOR T 



1823, William Potter, who had been in the employ of the 
company, started an opposition line of stages leaving New- 
buryport for Boston on Monday, Wednesday, and Friday, and 
returning on Tuesday, Thursday and Saturday." 

In 1825, W. Dow & Co. advertised a new line of stages to 
leave Washington hotel, on State street, Newburyport, at half- 
past nine o'clock Monday, Wednesday and Friday mornings, 
arriving in Boston at three o'clock in the afternoon. 

The business of the Eastern Stage Company, however, con- 
tinued to thrive in spite of this opposition, and ultimately 
it became necessary to increase its capital stock and double the 
number of its coaches. In order to protect its property and 
provide for future contingencies the stockholders applied to the 
General Court of Massachusetts for a new charter, which was 
granted March 12, 1830. Jeremiah Colman, Benjamin Hale, 
Seth Sweetser, Ebenezer Moseley and Thomas Perkins of New- 
buryport, Nehemiah Cleaveland of Topsfield and others were 
named in the act of incorporation, and rates of fares between 
Newburyport and other places were established as follows : — - 



Hampton " in the stage which carries the great eastern mail, " So 

Ipswich, ditto 

Boston, ditto 2 

Hampton or Exeter " in all other stages, " 

Dover, ditto i 

Lowell, ditto i 

Ipswich or Topslield, ditto 

Boston, ditto 2 



75 
88 

50 
75 
50 
50 

00 



In 1836, the Eastern Railroad was chartered, and in 1838 
trains were running between Boston and Salem. 

The Eastern Stage Company continued to take passengers 
at the usual rates, but opposition coaches took the road and 
fares were reduced. The company attempted by curtailing 
expenses to prolong its existence, but finding the effort fruit- 
less voted, in P"ebruary, 1838, to sell its real estate and per- 
sonal property, and wind up its affairs as soon as possible. 

^Newburyport Herald, September 2, 1823. 
-Acts and Resolves, 1829-1830, ch. 116. 



EASTERN RAILROAD 



EASTERN RAILROAD. 



;99 



February 4, 1836, the inhabitants of Newburyport voted to 
approve the petition of George Peabody and others, and the 
petition of T. H. Perkins and others, presented to the General 
Court, for the right to build a railroad through the town, 
"across the Pond to Greenleaf's field,' thence to cross Union, 
Titcomb, Market and Summer streets, thence across Merri- 
mack street over the Newburyport Bridge."^ 

The town clerk was requested to furnish the representatives 
to the General Court from Newburyport with an attested copy 
of the vote and instruct them to oppose the erection of an- 
other bridge over the Merrimack river and provide, if possible, 
for the running of cars through the town at a rate of speed 
" not exceeding four miles per hour." 

A change in the route asked for by the petitioners was 
vigorously urged by some of the inhabitants of Newburyport, 
and after long debate the bill incorporating the Eastern Rail- 
road Company was amended as follows : — 

Provided nevertheless that a part of the above-described line shall be 
altered if the inhabitants of the town of Newburj-port shall so determine 
at any legal meeting of said inhabitants, called for that purpose, in man- 
ner following to wit : from a suitable point in Newbury to the western 
end of the said chain bridge across the Merrimack river, which altera- 
tion shall be made in such manner as the engineer of the said Eastern 
Railroad Company shall deem most suitable to carry the line of said rail- 
road west of the jail in Newburj-port and across High street, passing 
through or near Winter street, and provided, also, that said Corporation 
shall not be holden or required to construct their said railroad on that 
part of the above described line between said Union street or Winter 
street, and the boundary line between the said commonwealth and said 
state of New Hampshire, until they shall deem it expedient to do so. 3 

August I, 1836, the inhabitants of Newburyport voted to 
accept and approve the alterations proposed in order to carry 

1 Greenleaf's field formerly included all the land between Green, Washington, 
Court and High streets, 

■^ Newburyport Town Records, vol. III., p. 344. 
^Acts and Resolves, 1836, ch. 232. 



400 



HIS TOR V OF NE WB UR YPOR T 



the line of the raih-oad west of the jail and under High street 
by a suitable tunnel.' 

The road was completed from Boston to Salem in 1838, and 
to Newburyport in 1840. Trains were advertised to leave 
Boston for Newburyport " on and after June 17, 1840," at 
seven o'clock a. m., twelve o'clock, noon, and half-past three 
o'clock p. M., returning leave Newburyport for Boston at half- 
past seven and ten a. m., and four p. m.- On the twenty- 
eighth day of October, the first train of cars crossed the bridge 
from Newburyport to Salisbury,^ and on the ninth day of No- 
vember following the road was opened foV public travel to 
Portsmouth, N. H. 



^C^-r.r^ 




EASTERN RAILROAD DEPOT, 184O. 

The first passenger station erected by the Eastern Rail- 
road Company in Newburyport was a one-story wooden build- 
ing with large swinging doors, that were left open to allow 
trains to pass during the day but closed at night and on Sun- 
days. It was located on Washington street, near the present 
passenger station, and was provided with a bell that was rung 
on the arrival and departure of trains. The above print, 
taken from a pen-and-ink sketch, gives a fairly good view 
of the building, although the details are not reproduced with 
exactness. 

In June, 1853, land on Strong and Winter streets, with the 

1 Newburyport Town Records, vol. III., p. 353. 

2 Newburyport Herald, June 19, 1840. 
•'Newburyport Herald, October 29, 1840. 



EASTERN RAILROAD 



401 



buildings thereon, was purchased to make room for a new brick 
passenger and freight station. The buiklings were taken 
down, or removed, and in August the foundations for the brick 
walls of the new depot were laid." A portion of the old de- 
pot was used for the accommodation of passengers until the 
new one was completed in March, 1854. In the Traveller's 
Guide to Seaboard Towns, by Joseph H. Bragdon, published 
in 1857, there is a brief description of Newburyport and a 
wood cut from which the following print is taken. 




EASTERN RAILROAD DEPOT, 1 854. 

In 1865, the Eastern Railroad Company was authorized to 
erect a new bridge over the Merrimack river from Newbury- 
port to Salisbury. Foundations for the piers were laid in the 
autumn of that year, but the bridge was not completed until 
two years later.- In 1867, owing to the sharp competition 
between the Boston and Maine Railroad Company, lessees of 
the Newburyport, Georgetown and Danvers railroad, and the 
Eastern Railroad Company, the regular fare from Newbury- 
port to Boston was reduced to fifty cents.^ 



1 Newburyport Daily Evening Union, August 16, and September 23, 1853. 
■■'Newburyport Herald, October 24, 1865. 
^Newburyport Herald, May 2, 1S67. 



402 



HIS TOR Y OF NE WB UR YPOR T 




EASIEKN RAILROAD DEPOT, 1S92. 

In 1884, the Eastern and Boston and Maine railroads were 
consolidated and since that date both roads have been under 
the same i^'eneral management. 

March 3, 1892, the depot erected in 1854 was destroyed by 
fire. During" the following summer additional land was \)\\x- 
chased and a new and convenient passenger station erected as 
shown in the above half-tone print. 

NEWBURYPORT, (iEORGRTOW.X AXI> BR.\DFOR() R.A.ILROAD. 

March 11, 1846, Dennis Condry, John Huse, Enoch S. 
Williams, John Wood, Edward S. Moseley and their associates 
and successors were incorj^orated by the name of the New- 
buryport Railroad Company and authorized to la)- out and 
construct a railroad from Newbur}'port to Georgetown." 

May 9, 1848, the company was granted liberty to build a 
road through the town of W'est Newbury to Bradford. - 

The road from Newbur)'port to Georgetown was completed 
previous to May i, 1850, and from Georgetown to Bradford 
before Ma)- 1,1851. 



^ Acts and Resolves, 1S46, ch. 90. 
- Acts and Resolves, 184S, cli. 285. 



NE WB UR YPOK T AND AMESB UR Y RAILROAD 403 

May 7, 185 I, the Danvers and Georgetown Railroad Com- 
pany was incorporated and authorized to build a road from 
Georgetown, through Boxford, Topsfield and Wenham to 
North Danvers." 

March 15, 1852, the Danvers Railroad Company was grant- 
ed liberty to build a road from North Danvers through Read- 
ing, I.ynnfield and South Reading-* to the Boston and Maine 
Railroad track in the last-named town.- 

May 2, 1853, the Danvers Railroad Company, the Danvers 
and Georgetown Railroad Company, and the Newburyport 
Railroad Company were authorized by the General Court to 
unite and form one corporation by the name of the Newbiu-y- 
port Railroad Company.^ 

In 1853, the Newburyport railroad was leased to the Bos- 
ton and Maine Railroad Company and trains were run from 
Newburyport, via. Georgetown, Danvers and South Reading,-* 
to Boston. Since that date the directors of the last-named 
company have managed and controlled the transportation of 
passengers and merchandise over the Newburyport railroad. 

NEWBURYPORT AND AMESBURY RAILROAD. 

In 1843, some of the prominent citizens of Amesbury pe- 
titioned the General Court for liberty to build a railroad from 
that town to the Eastern Railroad depot in Salisbury, and 
March 15, 1844, the Salisbury Branch Railroad was incorpo 
rated. The road was completed January 3, 1848, and passen- 
ger trains were advertised to run that day from Amesbury to 
Salisbury. Two or three years later the road was leased to 
the Eastern Railroad Company and passengers from Ames- 
bury were taken through Salisbury to Newburyport without 
change of cars. In 1884, the Salisbury Branch Railroad 
Company and the Eastern Railroad Company were consoli- 
dated with the Boston and Maine Railroad Compan)' and now 

^ Acts and Resolves, 1851, ch. 125. 
^ Acts and Resolves, 1S52, ch. 32. 
^ Acts and Resolves, 1S53, ch. 276. 
•• Now Wakefield. 



404 



HIS TOR Y OF NE WB VR YPOR T 



form one corporation under the management and control of 
one board of directors. 

NEWBURYPORT CITY RAILROAD. 

The Newburyport City Raih^oad Company was incorporated 
June 12, 1869, and authorized to construct and operate a rail- 
road from a convenient point on the Newburyport railroad, or 
Eastern railroad, to tide water on the southerly bank of 
Merrimack river.' 




CITY RAILROAD FROM LOWER LONG WHARF. 

The work of laying out and constructing this road was com- 
pleted in July, 1872, and on the nineteenth day of August of 
that year it was leased to the Eastern Railroad Company and 
operated by that company until 1884, when it passed into the 
control of the Boston and Maine Railroad Company. 

OMNIBUS AND STREET CAR SERVICE. 

June 14, 1839, a stage-coach owned by George \V. Aubin 
was advertised to make five trips daily from the Belleville 
hotel, on the Break O'Day hill, in Newbury, to State street, 
in Newburyport, passing on the way through Coffin's lane, 
now Jefferson street, to High street, down High street to 
Pilsbury's lane, now Ashland street, down Pilsbury's lane to 
Merrimack street, down Merrimack street to Tyng street, up 

1 Acts and Resolves, 1869, ch. 398; 1870, ch. 357. 



OMNIBUS AND STREET CAR SERVICE 405 

Tyng street to High street, down High street to Green street, 
clown Green street to Harris street, through Harris street to 
the stage-house, " Wolfe tavern," on the corner of State 
street. 

In 1853, William H. Lovett ran an omnibus from the cor- 
ner of Jefferson and Merrimack streets to Marlborough street 
nearly every hour.' In 1856, Pottle Richardson owned this 
omnibus and advertised to take passengers from one end of the 
city to the other. A year or two later he sold his interest in 
the business to Otis Mann. 

In 1864, Hiram Litttlefield was the proprietor of a line of 
omnibuses that made eight or ten trips daily from the Union 
house, otherwise known as Belleville hotel, to Marlborough 
street, and from four to six trips daily from State street to 
Essex-Merrimack bridge.- 

F'ebruary 29, 1864, the Newburyport and Amesbury Horse 
Railroad company was authorized to construct, within two 
years, a railroad to be operated in the streets of Newburyport, 
Salisbury and Amesbury, with horse power only.^ The time 
expired, however, before the company was in a condition to 
build the road. April 5, 1871, the act of incorporation was 
revived and extended for two years from that date.-* In the 
month of May following, the city of Newburyport was author- 
ized to subscribe for two hundred and fifty shares in the capi- 
tal stock of the company, at the par value of one hundred dol- 
lars per share, " provided two-thirds of the legal voters of the 
city, at a legal meeting called for that purpose, vote so to do."^ 
At a meeting of the inhabitants of Newburyport, held August 
24, 1 87 1, the provisions of the act passed by the General 
Court were accepted by a vote of 45 i in the affirmative to 
127 in the negative. 

Soon after the organization of the company a contract was 
made with Col. John E. Gowen, of Boston, to build the road, 

'Daily Evening Union, July 22. 1S53 and May 19, 1854. 
^ Newburyport Herald, March 15, 1864. 
■'Acts and Resolves, 1864, ch. 53. 
'' Acts and Resolves, 1871, ch, 165. 
* Acts and Resolves, 1871, ch. 319. 



4o6 HIS TOR \ • OF NE IV B UR } 'FOR T 

but owing- to financial complications it was not completed un- 
til the summer of 1873. It was leased for ten years to Enoch 
T. Northend. The first car, containing the directors of the 
road and invited guests, ran from Newburyport to Amesbury 
Friday afternoon. Jul)' 11, 1873. Two weeks later, cars were 
running every hour during the day from Market square in 
Newburyport to Market square in Amesbury. 

The lease of the road to Mr. Northend expired in 1883 and 
a new one made to Joseph M. Greenough was by him assigned 
to Edward P. Shaw. In 1885, the city of Newburyport sold 
its stock, a controlling interest in the road, to Mr. Shaw 
for tweh'e thousand dollars. Two years later, Charles Odell 
of Salem purchased Mr. Shaw's interest. 

June 21, 1889, the mayor and aldermen of the city of New- 
buryport granted the Newburyport and Amesbury Horse 
Railroad Company libert)- to extend its track from Market 
square up State street, through Pleasant, Titcomb, Washington, 
Olive and High streets to the Catholic cemetery on Storey 
avenue ; and in a southeasterly direction, from the head of 
of State street, down High, to Marlborough street. The next 
year the road was extended from Marlborough street to the 
" trayneing green" in the town of Newbury. 

In 1891, a power station was built near the Merrimack 
river, at the foot of Jefferson street, the road was extended 
from " trayneing green " to Parker river, and the whole system, 
including the Storey avenue branch, supplied with electric 
motive power. 

In 1898, the road was sold by the bond holders to Edward 
P. Shaw and others at auction, and subsequently conveyed to 
the Citizens Electric Street Railway Company, incorporated 
April 26, 1899. It is now controlled and operated by the 
directors of the last-named company under the general laws 
of the commonwealth of Massachusetts. 

The Plum Island Street Railway Company was incorporated 
December 4, 1886. The road was built, and horse cars were run 
during the following summer from Market square in Newbury- 
port to the hotel on Plum island. August 23, 1897, the Plum 
Island Electric Street Railway Co npany was incorporated, and 



OMNIBUS AXD STREET CAR SERVICE 



407 



the road from Newburyport to the Pkim Island hotel, equipi^ed 
for electric car service, was extended to " Lighthouse Point." 
It is now owned and operated by the Citizens Electric Street 
Railway Company. 

The People's Street Railway Company, organized April 29, 
1892, built a road for electric car service from West Newbury 
to the Catholic cemetery, on Storey avenue, in Newburyport. 
This road now forms a part of the Boston and Northern Street 
Railway system. Passengers are taken from Market square 
to Storey avenue over the Citizens Street railroad, and thence 
over the Boston and Northern to West Newbury, Groveland 
and Haverhill. 

The Black Rocks and Salisbury Beach Street Railway Com- 
pany was organized July 5, 1884, with a capital stock of nine 
thousand dollars. The road, when completed, extended three 
or four miles in a northerly direction, from Black Rocks. It 
was run in connection with a line of steamers that left New- 
buryport every hour from eight a. m. to eight p. m. during the 
summer months. In 1888, the capital stock of the company 
was increased to forty-five thousand dollars, and a horse rail- 
road track laid from Market square, in Newburyport, to the 
town of Salisbury, and thence over the old road to Salisbury 
beach. September 30, 1891, the capital stock of the company 
was again increased, and the road was then eciuipped for elec- 
tric car service. July 14, 1892, it was sold to the Haverhill 
and Amesbury Street Railway Company, who still own and 
operate it. The last-named company, organized April 28, 
1892, estabUshed and continues to operate an electric street 
railway on the northerly side of Merrimack river, connecting 
the city of Haverhill with the towns of Merrimac, Amesbury 
and Salisbiu'y. 

The road extending from Market square, Newburyport, 
through Newbury (Byfield) to Rowley, Ipswich and George- 
town was built by the Georgetown, Rowley and Ipswich Rail- 
road Company and opened for the transportation of passengers 
April 30, 1900. 



CHAPTER XI. 

DISTINGUISHED VISITORS, MEMORIAL SERVICES, CELEBRATIONS 
AND POLITICAL GATHERINGS. 

Monday afternoon, August ii, 1788, His Excellency John 
Hancock, governor of Massachusetts, accompanied by his wife, 
on his way from Boston to Portsmouth, N. H., was met at 
the bridge over Parker river, in Newbury, by a number of 
gentlemen on horseback, and escorted to Newburyport. His 
arrival was announced by the ringing of bells and the firing 
of cannon. He remained in town over night, and proceeded 
on his journey the next day. 

On his return from Portsmouth, the following Saturday, he 
was entertained in the Tracy house, now the Public Library 
building, Newburyport, by Hon. Jonathan Jackson, who re- 
sided there.' 

At a meeting of the inhabitants of the town held October 
21, 1789, at three o'clock p. m., the following arrangements 
were made for the reception and entertainment of Washing- 
ton, then on his way from New York through Massachusetts to 
New Hampshire : — 

Voted that an address to his Excellency the President of the United 
States be prepared in order to present, in case he should Pass thro' this 
town. 

Voted that Theophilus Parsons, Esq. be a committee to prepare the 
address aforesaid. 

Voted to accept of the following address prepared by Theophikis Par- 
sons, Esq. and read to the Town. 

Voted that Hon. Benjamin Greenleaf, Esq. Hon. Jonathan Greenleaf, 
Esq. Hon. Jonathan Jackson, Esq. Col. Edward Wigglesworth and 
Micajah Sawyer, Esq. be a committee to present the address. - 

' Essex Journal and New Hampshire Packet, August 13 and 20, 1788 (Ameri- 
can Antiquarian Society, Worcester, Mass.), 
■■'Newburyport Town Records, vol. L, p. 544, 

(408) 



DISTINGUISHED VISITORS, MEMORIAL SERVICES, ETC. 409 

Voted to supply the Artillery and Militia Companies in this Town 
with Powder necessary to expend in Saluting the President of the United 
States on his passing thro' this Town.' 

Washington came from Ipswich, through Rowley, over 
Parker River bridge to Newbury, Friday, October 30, 1789. 
He was escorted by two companies of cavahy, Jonathan Jack- 
son, United States marshal! for the district of Massachusetts, 
Hon. Tristram Dalton, Major-General Titcomb, and other dis- 
tinguished gentlemen from Newburyport and neighboring 
towns. At the corner of South, now Bromfield, and High 
streets, the dividing line between the towns of Newbury and 
Newburyport, the procession halted at about three o'clock in 
afternoon. There the following ode was sung : — 

He comes ! He comes ! The hero comes 

Sound, sound your Trumpets, beat, beat j-our Drums ; 

From Port to Port let Cannons roar 
He's welcome to New England's shore. 

Welcome, welcome, welcome, welcome, 
Welcome to New England's shore ! 

Prepare ! Prepare ! your songs prepare, 

Loud, loudly rend the echoing air; 
From Pole to Pole, his praise resound. 

For Virtue is with glory crown'd. 
Virtue, virtue, virtue, virtue 

Virtue is with Glory crown'd ! 

The lines in the first verse, which call for the beating of drums and 
roaring of cannon, were instantly obeyed after the pronunciation of 
each word and to the vocal was joined all the instrumental music 
in both choruses, which were repeated : — Then the preshjent, 
preceded by the several companies of Militia and Artillery of 
this town, the Musicians, Selectmen, High Sheriff, and Marshall 
Jackson, passed the Ministers, Physicians, Lawyers, Magistrates, 
Town officers. Marine Society, Tradesmen and Manufacturers, 
Captains of Vessels, Sailors, Schoolmasters, with their Scholars, 
and so forth, and so forth, who had paraded and opened to the 
right and left for that purpose, each of whom as the president passed, 
closed and joined in procession, which was terminated by about four 
hundred and twenty Scholars, all with Quills in their hands, headed by 

^ Newburyport Town Records, vol. L, p. 546. 



410 



HIS TOR Y OF NE WB UR YPOR T 



their Preceptors — Their motto, ' HV are free-born subjects of the United 
States > 

The president with his private secretary and six servants 
was escorted to the Tracy house, now the Pubhc Library 
building, where apartments had been provided for him.- There 
he received the following address : — 

TO THE PRESIDENT OF THE UNITED STATES: 

Sir : When, by the unanimous suffrages of your countrymen, you were 
called to preside over their public councils, the citizens of the town of 
Newbury-port participated in the general joy, that arose from anticipating 
an administration conducted by the man, to whose wisdom and valor 
they owed their liberties. 

Pleasing were their reflections, that he, who by the blessing of Heaven 
had given them their independence, would again relinquish the felicities 
of domestic retirement, to teach them its just value. 

They have seen you, victorious, leave the field, followed with the ap- 
plauses of a grateful country : and they now see you, entwining the Olive 
with the Laurel, and, in peace, giving security and happiness to a people 
whom in war you covered with glory. 

At the present moment, they indulge themselves in sentiments of joy, 
resulting from a principle, perhaps less elevated, but, exceedingly dear to 
their hearts, from a gratification of their affection, in beholding personally 
among them, the Friend, the Benefactor, and the Father of their country. 

They cannot hope. Sir, to exhibit any peculiar marks of attachment to 
your person ; for, could they express their feelings of the most ardent and 
sincere gratitude, they would only repeat the sentiments, which are deep- 
ly impressed upon the hearts of all their fellow citizens: but, in justice to 
themselves, they beg leave to assure you, that in no part of the United 
States are those sentiments of gratitude and affection more cordial and an- 
imated than in the town which at this time is honored with your presence. 

Long, Sir, may you continue the ornament and support of these States 
and may the period be late when you shall be called to receive a reward 
adecjuate to your virtues, which it is not in the power of your country to 
bestow. 3 

^ Essex Journal and New Hampshire Packet, November 4, 1789 (American 
Antiquarian Society, Worcester, Mass.). 

2 The Massachusetts Centinel, published in Boston, October 29, 17S9, states 
that Washington was accompanied by Colonel Lear, his private secretary, and 
six servants, and, under the date of November the fourth, announces that Wash- 
ington attended the wedding of Colonel Lear to a young lady in Portsmouth. 

^This address, according to the town records, was prepared by Theophilus Par- 
sons, Esq., and read at the town meeting held October 21, 1789, but it is asserted 
by several historical writers that it was written by John Quincy Adams, then a 
student-at-law in Mr. Parson's ofHice in Newburyport. Mr. Adams, in his diary, 
recently published, incidentally mentions the address under the date of October 
twenty-first, but makes no claim of authorship. 



DIS riNG L 'I SHED VISITORS, MEMORIAL SEA' VICES, ETC. 411 

To the foregoing Address the president was pleased to reply as 
follows : — 

TO THE CITIZENS OF THE TOWN OF NEWBURVPORT. 

Gentlemen : The demonstrations of respect and affection which you 
are pleased to pay to an individual, whose highest pretension is to rank as 
your fellow-citizen, are of a nature too distinguished not to claim the 
warmest return that gratitude can make. 

My endeavors to be useful to my country have been no more than the 
result of conscious duty. Regards like yours would reward services of 
the highest estimation and sacrifice: Yet, it is due to my feelings that I 
should tell you those regards are received with esteem and replied to 
with sincerity. 

In visiting" the town of Newburyport, I have obeyed a favorite incli- 
nation, and I am much gratified by the indulgence. In expressing a 
sincere wish for its prosperity, and the happiness of its inhabitants, I do 
justice to my own sentiments and their merit. 

G. Washington.' 

Early in the evening, Washington received from the First 
Presbytery of the Eastward, then in session in tlie meeting 
house on Federal street, Newburyport, the following address : — 

Sir, 
We, the Ministers and Ruling Elders, delegated to represent the 
churches in Massachusetts and New Hampshire, which compose the first 
Presbytery of the Eastward, now holding a stated session in this town 
beg leave to approach your presence with genuine feelings of the deepest 
veneration and highest esteem. We ask the honor of a place among 
the multitudes of good citizens, who are ambitious of expressing the 
heart-felt satisfaction, with which they bid you welcome to these eastern 
parts of your government. 

Permit us then, great Sir, to assure you, that, whilst it ever shall be 
our care in our several places, to inculcate on our people those principles, 
drawn from the pure fountains of light and truth in the sacred scriptures, 
which can best recommend your virtues to their imitation ; and, finally, 
when you have thus done, free grace may confer on you, as the reward of 
all your great labours, the unfading Laurels of an everlasting crown. 

Signed in the name and presence of the first Presbytery of the East- 
ward. 

Per order, Joseph Prince, Moderator. 

Newbury-port, 28th Oct. 17S9.2 

' Essex Journal and New Hampshire Packet, November 4, 1789 (American 
Antiquarian Society, Worcester, Mass.). 

" Essex Journal and New Hampshire Packet, November 11, 1789 (American 
Antiquarian Society, Worcester, Mass.). 



412 



HIS TOR Y OF NE WB UR YPOR T 



To the above address the president replied as follows : — 

To the Ministers and Ruling Elders delegated to represent the church- 
es in Massachusetts and New Hampshire which compose the first Pres- 
bytery of the Eastward. 
Gentlemen, 

The affectionate welcome, which you are pleased to give me to the 
eastern parts of the Union, would leave me without excuse, did I fail 
to acknowledge the sensibility which it awakens and to express the 
most sincere return, that a grateful sense of your goodness can suggest. 

To be approved by the praiseworthy, is a wish as natural to becoming 
ambition, as its consecjuence is flattering to our self-love. 

I am, indeed, much indebted to the favorable sentiments, which you 
entertain towards me, and it will be my study to deserve them. 

The tribute of thanksgiving which you offer to the gracious Father of 
Lights, for his inspiration of our public councils with wisdom and firm- 
ness to complete the national Constitution, is worthy of men, who, de- 
voted to the pious purposes of religion, desire their accomplishment by 
such means as advance the temporal happiness of their fellow men. And 
here, I am persuaded, you will permit me to observe, that the path of true 
piety is so plain, as to require but little political direction. 

To this consideration we ought to ascribe the absence of any regu- 
lation respecting religion from the Magna Charta of our country. To 
the guidance of the Ministers of the Gospel, this important object is, 
perhaps, more properly committed. It will be your care to instruct the 
ignorant, and to reclaim the devious : and in the progress of morality 
and science, to which our government will give every furtherance we 
may confidently expect the advancement of true religion, and the comple- 
tion of our happiness. 

I pray the munificent Rewarder of virtue, that your agency in this 
good work may receive its compensation here and hereafter. 

G. Washington.' 

After the President had arrived at the house prepared for his recep- 
tion, a Feu-de-joy was fired by the several companies of Militia ; and in 
the evening some Fire-works and excellent Rockets were played off 
opposite thereto. Much praise is due to the citizens of Newburj-port and 
others, assembled on the occasion, for their orderly behaviour through 
the day and evening." 

At an early hour, Saturday morning, October thirty-first, 
while Washington and other invited guests were at breakfast, 

1 Essex Journal and New Hampshire Packet, November ii, 1789 (American 
Antiquarian Society, Worcester, Mass.). 



DISTINGUISHED VISITORS, MEMORIAL SERVICES, ETC. 41 3 

at the residence of Hon. Tristram Dalton, occurred an inter- 
esting incident that was subsequently described by one who 
was present on that occasion as follows :- — 

In October, i 7S9, when he [Washington] was on his tour Eastward 
he stopped at Newburv-jiort over night. Tristram Dalton. then United 
States senator, had him, the next morning, to breakfast and invited all 
the professional men to come and be introduced. While at lareakfast, 
and while the President was in conversation with the Rev. John Murray' 
the servant of Mr. Dalton came in and said to Mr. Dalton that an old 
man was in the entry, and wished to speak to Washington. Mr. Dalton, 
said to him, that the President was engaged ; but this request caught the 
ear of the President, and he immediately sprang to his feet, and went to 
the entry. The Rev. Mr. Murra}^ accompanied him. As soon as the 
soldier saw him he says — " God bless you Major IVas/iiiigton." The 
President immediately recollecting him, said " Cotton, how do you do 1 
I am glad to see you," and took a guinea from his pocket, and gave it 
to him. Returning to his breakfast seat, he told Mr. Murray, that this 
man had been a faithful servant to him, in the old French war, and he 
had not seen him till then, since thirty years ago. 

Cotton, who was always nicknamed Colonel Cotton, and did errands 
for people, made a hole through the guinea and wore it round his neck 
till poverty obliged him to part with it.- 

Saturday morninf;" the president was escorted by two com- 
panies of cavalry to the New Hampshire line, where he was 
met by His Excellency General Sullivan, with four companies 
of light-horse, who conducted him to Portsmouth. 

The PREsn)EXT passed through the towns of Amesbury and Salis- 
bury- where several companies of Militia were paraded which saluted as 
he passed. 

The Marine-Society of this town prepared and decorated a handsome 
Barge, for the purpose of carrying the President across Merrimack 
River, which was previously sent (commanded by one of the societ)-) 
opposite to Amesbury Ferr\-, where it waited his arrival. The Barge 
men were all dressed in white. 

On the Pkesujext's crossing the river at Amesbury, he was paid, by 
■Captain Jost-pk A. dc Murrictta, of Teneriffe, the salute of his Nation, 

' Not John, the Universalist of Boston, but John, the Presbyterian of Newbury- 
por-. The former died in 1815, the latter in 1793. They were popularly con- 
tradistinguished as " Damnation " and " Salvation " Murray. 

- From a communication by " Sigma " [Lucius Manlius Sargent] published in 
the Boston Transcript July 15, 1863, and republished in the New England His- 
itorical and Genealogical Register for January, 1864, p, 106. 



414 



HIS TOR V OF NE WB UR \ 'FOR T 



(twenty-one guns) his ship being elegantly dressed. We cannot but admire 
among the many amiable traits in the president's character, that of 
his politeness to Foreigners, which was repeated on this occasion.' 

On Tuesday, September 4, 1804, Hon. Rufus King, minister- 
plenipotentiary to the court of St. James from 1796 to 
1803, arrived in Newburyport, on his way to Scarborough, 
Maine, and accepted an invitation to attend a pubUc dinner in 
Washington hall on Green street. " It was a joyous occasion ; 
the friends of his youth were around him ; a thousand reminis- 
censes were awakened ; the old were glad to renew their ac- 
quaintance with him, and the young to catch a glimpse of the 
man whom their fathers had delighted to honor." 

Rufus King was a native of Scarborough. He graduated 
at Harvard college in 1777, and studied law for three 
years in the ofifice of Theophilus Parsons. In 1780, he 
was admitted to the bar and opened an office in Newburyport. 
He was elected representative to the General Court in 1783, 
1 784 and 1785. He was a delegate to the continental con- 
gress at Trenton in 1784, taking his seat in December of 
that year.^ He was appointed, by Governor Bowdoin, a 
delegate to the convention assembled at Philadelphia for the 
purpose of framing a constitution for the United States, and 
in 1788 he was a member of the convention that met in 
Boston and voted to accept the proposed constitution. At 
the close of the convention he resumed the practice of law in 
Newburyport but soon after removed to New York. 

His Excellency Christopher Gore, governor of Massachu- 
setts, accompanied by his wife, arrived in Newburyport, Sep- 
tember I, 1809, on his way to the district of Maine, then a 
part of the state of Mas.sachusetts. At twelve o'clock, a 
cavalcade of gentlemen, with the selectmen and other officers 
of the town in carriages, met the governor near the toll house 
on the turnpike and escorted him to the Sun hotel, "theform- 

1 Essex Journal and New Hampshire Packet, Noveniber 4, 1789 (American 
Antiquarian Society, Worcester, Mass.). 

- " Monday last the Hon. Rufus King, Esf]. left this town on his way to Con- 
gress." Essex Journal and the Massachusetts and New Hampshire General Ad- 
vertiser, November 24, 1784. 



DISTINGUISHED VISITORS, MEMORIAL SERVICES, ETC. 415 

er mansion of the late Hon. Nathaniel Tracy Esq." At two 
o'clock he proceeded, under military escort, to Washington 
hall, on Green street, where dinner was served by Prince Stet- 
son, landlord of " Wolf Tavern." At an early hour in the 
evening, His Excellency left town for Hampton, N. H. 

[June 16, 1817] V'oted that the Selectmen with ten other Gentlemen 
be a Committee with full powers to make such arrangements at the ex- 
pense of the Town, as they may think proper, for the reception of the 
PRESIDENT OF THE UNITED STATES, on his intended visit to this Town.' 

At that date, Ebenezer Moseley, Esq., Col. Abraham Wil- 
liams, Mr. Robert Clark, Mr. Richard Bartlett and Mr. Steph- 
en Howard were selectmen of Newburyport, and with the 
following-named gentlemen, William Bartlet, Joseph Marquand, 
Moses Brown, William Cross, William B. Bannister, Daniel 
Swett, Joshua Carter, Joseph Williams, Thomas M. Clark and 
Josiah Smith, were authorized to arrange for the public recep- 
tion of James Monroe, president of the United States. 

On account of inclement weather, and delay in Boston and 
Salem, President Monroe did not reach Newburyport until 
Saturday, July twelfth, instead of Thursday, the tenth, as he 
had intended. He received an address of welcome from Eben- 
ezer Moseley, Esq., and was escorted by a regiment of cavalry, 
under the command of Col. Jeremiah Colman, to Bartlet Mall, 
where the children of the public schools were assembled to 
meet him. From the mall, the Washington Light Infantry 
escorted him, with the members of his staff and the committee 
of arrangements, down Market street to Union, now Washing- 
ton, street, and thence to Green street, down Green to Merri- 
mack, down Merrimack to State and up State street to Gil- 
man's hotel, now Wolfe tavern, where he dined with invited 
guests and then proceeded on his way to Portland, Maine. - 

At a meeting of the freeholders and other inhabitants of the 
town of Newburyport held on the twenty-third day of August, 
1824, Hon. Ebenezer Moseley, moderator, the following reso- 
lutions were passed : — 

^ Newburyport Town Records, vol. III., p. 23. 

- For additional details, see History of Newburyport (Mrs. E. Vale Smith), 
p. 209. 



4 1 6 HIS TOR y OF NE WB UR 1 FOR T 

Resolved, unanimously, that the Citizens of Newburyport warmly par- 
ticipate in the sentiment of joy which pervades the whole nation on the 
occasion of the arrival of General La Fajette in the United States ; and 
that they are desirous of evincing their high respect for the brave 
soldier who devoted his person and fortune to our country's cause, and 
their gratitude to the early, zealous and constant Friend of Libertv and 
of America. 

Resolved that the selectmen [Ebenezer Moseley, Ebenezer Wheel- 
wright, Philip Coombs, Anthony Smith and William Davis] together with 
the Hon. Samuel S. Wilde, Hon. William Bartlet, Hon. Josiah Smith, 
Hon. William B. Bannister, William Farris, Esq., WiUiam Cross, Esq., 
Thomas M. Clark, Esq., Hon. Nathan Noyes, John Coffin, Esq., and 
Caleb Cushing, Escj., constitute a committee of arrangements with full 
authority to take such measures as they shall deem expedient for carrv- 
ing the foregoing resolve into effect in behalf of the Town ; with power 
to fill any vacancy in said committee which may happen bv the absence 
or sickness, of any of the members. 

Resolved that the Selectmen be and are hereby authorized and di- 
rected to draw their order on the Town Treasurer for the amounts dis- 
bursed by the committee pursuant to the foregoing resolves.' 

Arrangements were made to meet General LaFayette in 
Ipswich, and escort him to Newbmyport. On the thirty-first 
day of August, he arrived, about nine o'clcck in the evening, 
at the corner of High and South, now Bromfield, streets, the 
divichng line between the towns of Newbury and Newbury- 
port, where he was received by the Washington Light Infantry 
and the Newburyport Artillery and escorted up High street 
to State street, where an arch had been erected, bearing the 
motto: "The Hero of Two Continents" ; and thence to the 
Tracy house, now the Public Library building, but then owned 
and occupied by James Prince, Esq. 

A heavy rain that set in early in the evening disarranged 
the plans made by the committee and rendered it necessary 
to modify them to meet the exigencies of the occasion. 
The route of the procession was shortened and the address 
of welcome, by Hon. Ebenezer Moseley, was delivered in the 
Tracy house, where, at a later hoiu", dinner was served to ^ 
General LaFayette and invited guests. - 

' Newburyport Town Records, vol. III., p. 142. j 

- The tables were supplied with choice viands and wine from the hostelry of \ 

Prince Stetson, on the corner of State and Temple streets, and his son, Charles | 

Stetson, served as valet de chambre to General LaFayette. , 



DIS TLVG L '[SHED VISITORS, MEMORIAL SER VICES, ETC, 417 

In the morning, although the weather was still extremely 
unfavorable, many citizens and old soldiers of the Revolution, 
called at the Tracy house to pay their respects to LaFayette. 

Of the many veterans of the Continental army who were presented to 
the General none produced a stronger title to notice than Mr Daniel 
Foster who is the only man in this town belonging to LaFayette's select 
corps of Light Infantry. He was a non-commissioned officer therein, of 
course constantly about the General, and possesses now the very sword 
which the General gave him in common with other officers of that his 




DANIEL FOSTER. 

favorite and most excellent coips. Mr. Foster held this sword before 
the General when introduced, with emotions of honest pride, and stating 
the circumstances welcomed the General to our shores and told him that 
he was proud to see him once more on American soil and that his sons 
participated in the joyful occasion. When LaFayette learned that 
one of his own infantry stood before him, who had often commanded his 
quarter-guard, and when he saw his own mark on the blade of the sword, 
half drawn from the scabbard, he greeted his old soldier very cordially 
and assured him that he looked upon him as one of his own family.' 



1 Communication published in the Newburyport Herald September 
Daniel Foster died August 29, 1833, aged seventy-one. 



1824. 



4 1 8 HIS TOR Y OF NE WB UR YPOR T 

Owing" to the muddy condition of the streets, and the 
threatening clouds that obscured the sky, the mihtary and 
civic procession was abandoned, and LaFayette, under the 
escort of a company of cavalry, proceeded in his carriage to 
Hampton on his way to Portsmouth, N. H.' Returning, 
he reached Newburyport at midnight and was obliged to 
leave for Boston at an early hour in the morning to meet an 
engagement to review a body of troops at Lexington that day. 

John Ouincy Adams, ex-president of the United States, 
was invited to deliver an oration in Newburyport July 4, 
1827. He accepted and in company with his son, Charles 
Francis Adams, then about thirty years old, left Boston, Mon- 
day afternoon, July third, in a stage drawn by four horses. 
At Ipswich he was met by Caleb Cushing, Samuel T. De 
Ford and John Bradbury, members of the committee of ar- 
rangements, and taken in a private carriage to the " trayne- 
ing green" in Newbury, where he received an address of 
welcome to which he briefly responded. He was then escort- 
ed by a cavalcade of young men from "trayening green " up 
High street to the residence of Mr. Cushing who was then 
living in the three-story brick dwelling house on the corner of 
High and Fruit streets in Newburyport. 

The next day, the distinguished and eloquent statesman 
delivered an oration to an immense audience, in the meeting 
house on Pleasant street, and in the evening he received 
the hearty congratulations and greetings of friends and ac- 
quaintances at a levee held in the town hall. 

At nine o'clock on the morning of July fifth, Mr. Adams 
and his son left Newburyport in a private coach provided by 
the committee of arrangements, and arrived in Boston about 
one o'clock p. M.- 
June 16, 1847, a committee was appointed to invite James 

' The children connected with the public schools had been invited to partici- 
pate in the celebration, and were disappointed to find that it was given up. The 
next day, the weather being fair, fifteen hundred children under military escort, 
marched through the principal streets of the town to the mall where, after a brief 
address, refreshments were served, and the children dismissed. 

^ Memoirs of John Quincy Adams, vol. IX., pp. 357-360. 



D I STING i -/SHED VISITORS, MEMORIAL SER VICES, ETC. 419 

K. Polk, president of the United States, to visit Newburyport.' 
This committee was authorized to make arrangements for his 
reception and provide suitable accommodations in case he de- 
cided to remain in town over night. The president was unable 
to accept the invitation extended to him, but consented to 
make a brief address at the railroad station on his way from 
Portland to Boston. He arrived in Newburyport, Monday, 
the fifth day of July, about two o'clock p. m., and was con- 
ducted by the committee of arrangements to a temporary 
platform, that had been erected near the station, and intro- 
duced to the people assembled there. His remarks occupied 
ten or fifteen minutes, and probably as much or more time 
was consumed in the customary exercise of hand-shaking 
before he re-entered the car and the train started on its way 
to Boston, followed by the cheers of men, women and children. 

Thursday afternoon, September 3, 1857, His Excellency 
Henry J. Gardner, governer of Massachusetts, arrived in New- 
buryport. He dined at Wolfe tavern with invited guests, and 
held a reception at ten o'clock the next morning at the resi- 
dence of Hon. Caleb Gushing. At noon he rexdewed the 
troops at the military encampment on the plains, and in the 
afternoon returned to Boston. 

On the thirtieth day of September following, Governor 
Gardner visited Indian hill, in West Newbury, where a bat- 
tallion of riflemen were encamped, and in the evening he held 
a reception at the residence of Hon. William Gushing, in 
Newburyport. The next day, he attended an exhibition of 
poultry, cattle and agricultural products, gathered by mem- 
bers of the Essex Gounty Agricultural Society, in a field 
opposite the Dexter house, extending from High street to 
Gongress street. He dined with a large number of invited 
guests in a spacious tent erected on the mall, and was greeted 
with great applause when he rose to respond to the call made 
upon him by the president of the day. He spoke briefly on 
topics suggested by the occasion and closed in season to take 
an early train for Boston. 

^ Newburyport Town Records, vol. IV., p. 280. 



4 2 O HIS TOR V OF NE WB UR YPOR T 

Monday, October 22, i860, the Prince of Wales, now King 
Edward the Seventh, of England, on his way from Boston to 
Portland, stopped for a few moments at the Eastern Railroad 
station in Newburyport. All the streets and buildings in that 
vicinity were crowded with spectators, anxious to see the dis- 
tinguished visitor. The police, with the assistance of the 
Gushing Guard, a military organization connected with the 
Eighth Massachusetts regiment, were instructed to maintain 
order and protect women and children from injury or annoyance. 
On the arrival of the train the crowd cheered vociferously, 
the band played '* God Save the Queen," and the prince, es- 
corted by the Duke of Newcastle and the Earl of St. Ger- 
mains, came to the platform at the rear end of the car and 
bowed to the multitude. For a few moments he stood, hat in 
hand, gazing intently on the enthusiastic crowd, until the 
ringing of the engine bell announced that the time of depart- 
ure had come, and the train moved slowly from the station, 
carrying with it hearty cheers for the future king of England. 

Tuesday morning, October 17, 1871, Ulysses S. Grant, 
president of the United States, on his way from Boston to 
Portland, with several members of his cabinet, arri\'ed at the 
Eastern Railroad station in Newburyport about half-past nine 
o'clock. He was received with tumultuous applause. To a 
few brief words of welcome from Hon. Elbridge G. Kelley, 
mayor of the city, he bowed his acknowledgements and while 
the band played, " Hail to the Chief," and the artillery com- 
pany fired a national salute, veterans of the civil war and men 
prominent in social or political life improved the opportunity, 
before the departure of the train, to take the hand of the most 
distinguished soldier of modern times. 

MEMORIAL SERVICES. 

George Washington died at Mount Vernon December 14, 
1 799, but the news did not reach Newburyport until Christmas 
day, when the church bells were tolled from four o'clock in the 
afternoon until nine o'clock in the evening.' 

1 Diary of Moses Kimljall. 



MEMORIAL SERVICES 



421 



On the second day of January following, a procession, com- 
posed of citizens, members of Masonic lodges, the orator of 
day, officiating clergymen, selectmen and officers of the army 
and navy, under the direction of Col. [John] Tracy and 
Major [Ebenezer] Bradbury, escorted by the Newburyport 
Artillery company, marched at ten o'clock a. m. from Market 
square up State street to Pleasant street, through Pleasant to 
Green, down Green to Merrimack, through Merrimack and 
Water to Federal, and up Federal street to the First Presby- 
terian meeting house, where services were held commemorat- 
ing the nobility of character and patriotic life of Washington. 

The stores were closed, and labor on the wharves, in the 
ship-yards and work-shops, was suspended for the day. Flags 
were displayed at half-mast by the shipping in the harbor, 
minute guns were fired and the church bells tolled while 
the procession was passing through the streets of the town. 
A band, composed of players on three clarinets, five flutes^ 
one bass viol and one drum, furnished the music' 

The exercises at the meeting house were opened with prayer 
by the Right Reverend Edward Bass, bishop of Massachusetts 
and New Hampshire. Thomas Paine, A. M., afterwards 
known as Robert Treat Paine, then delivered an appropriate 
and eloquent eulogy. One of Dr. Watts' Lyric odes, adapted 
to the occasion, was sung by a choir, and the exercises closed 
with prayer by Rev. Samuel Spring. - 

John Adams and Thomas Jefferson died July 4, 1826. 
The selectmen, clergymen, and other prominent citizens of 
the town assembled at the court house, between four and five 
o'clock in the afternoon of July fourteenth, while the church 
bells were tolling, and, under escort of the Washington Light 
Infantry, proceeded to the meeting house on Pleasant street, 
where a memorial address was delivered by Hon. Caleb 
Gushing. 

William Henry Harrison, president of the United States, 

' Moses Kimball was a member of the l)and, and he states in his diary that he 
played a flute on that occasion. 

^ Newburyport Herald and Country Gazette, January 3, l8co. 



42 2 HIS TOR Y OF NE WB UR YPOJt T 

died April 4, 1841, and on the seventeenth day of that month 
the following vote was passed by the inhabitants of Newbury- 
port : — 

V^oted that a Committee of nine be Chosen to act in concert with Com- 
mittees, of the neighboring Towns to engage a suitable Person to deliver 
a Eulogy on the Death of President William H. Harrison at such time 
as they deem expedient, and that the same committee be requested to 
procure one of the largest churches in town for the purpose, and make 
all necessary arrangements for the occasion.' 

A committee, consisting of the following-named persons, was 
chosen: Charles H. Hudson, Samuel T. DeFord, Ebenezer 
Bradbury, Nathaniel Foster, Robert Bailey, Jr., Moses D. 
Randall, Joseph Silloway, Jr., Thomas M. Clark and Moses B. 
Wheeler. This committee matured the plans that were adopt- 
ed for the memorial service. 

May 3, 1 84 1, the selectmen, committee of arrangements, 
members of the fire department and citizens generally were 
escorted by the Newburyport Artillery, under the command 
of Capt. Stephen Ilsley, from Brown square to the mall, 
where the pupils of the public and private schools were assem- 
bled, and from thence to the meeting house on Temple street, 
where hymns, written by Miss Hannah F. Gould and Hon. 
George Lunt, were sung, and a memorial address was deliv- 
ered by Hon. Caleb Cushing. 

Saturday, April 15, 1865, Abraham Lincoln, president of 
the United States, died by the hand of an assassin in Wash- 
ington, D. C. At a meeting of the city council of New- 
buryport, held on the following Monday evening, a series of 
resolutions were adopted recommending the suspension of 
business and a memorial service on the day of the funeral. 

Resolved . . . That as a proper mark of respect the City Hall 
be draped in mourning for the period of thirty days, and that his honor 
the mayor order all public offices to be closed, and request the entire sus- 
pension of business, on the part of the citizens, on the day of the funeral. 

Resolved, that in accordance with the wish expressed by the acting 
secretary of state the mayor request the citizens to meet at their re.spec- 
tive places of worship during the hours of 12 m and 2 p. m. 

^ Newburyport Town Records, vol. IV., p. 108. 



MEMORIAL SERVICES 



423 



At Jioon, on Wednesday, April nineteenth, all the bells in 
the city were tolled, and religious services were held in all the 
meeting houses. Public buildings and private residences were 
decorated with the emblems of mourning, and men and women 
assembled in their accustomed places of worship to express 
their sorrow for the death of the chief executive of the nation. 
At three o'clock in the afternoon, a special service, arranged 
by the mayor, Hon. George W. Jackman, Jr., and a committee 
of citizens, was held in the meeting house of the First Rehg- 
ious Society on Pleasant street, at which, after prayer by Rev. 
Randolph Campbell and singing by a select choir, addresses 
were made by Rev. Samuel J. Spalding and Rev. Richard H. 
Richardson, and the benediction pronounced by Rev. Daniel 
P. Pike.' 

October 8, 1879, a memorial service was held in City hall 
to commemorate the public life and illustrious career of Caleb 
Cushing, who died January 2, 1879. Hon. George B. Loring, 
member of congress from the sixth Massachusetts district, 
delivered an address that was listened to with close attention 
by a large audience, composed of members of congress, state 
senators, oflficers and members of the Massachusetts Histori- 
cal Society, selectmen of neighboring towns, ex-mayors of 
Newburyport, and other distinguished guests. At the close 
of the address, a chorus of male and female voices, under the 
direction of Prof. L. A. Torrens of Boston, sang "• Happy and 
Blest are They " from the oratorio of St. Paul ; and the bene- 
diction was pronounced by Rev^ Samuel J. Spalding, D. D.- 

At a meeting of the members of the city government, Al- 
bert W. Bartlett post. No. 49, of the Grand Army of the Re- 
public, officers of the New England Historic-Genealogical 
Society, trustees of the Wheelwright Scientific school, and 
representatives of the Essex Bar association, held in the 
meeting house of the First Religious Society in Newburyport 

1 For further details relating to the memorial services, April 19, 1865, see 
"Newburyport in the Civil War," by George W. Creasey, pp. 193-197. 

* A pamphlet, giving a full account of this memorial service, was published by 
order of the city council of Newburyport in 1879. 



424 



HIS TOR Y OF NE WB UR YPOR T 



April 21, 1895, Hon. William D. Northend delivered a memo- 
rial address on the life and character of Hon. Eben F. Stone ; 
and November 16, 1902, many citizens prominent in business 
and professional life met in the same place to pay a tribute of 
respect and esteem to the memory of Hon. Elisha P. Dodge.' 

CELEBR.A.T10N OF Washington's birthday. 

Some of the earnest friends and supporters of Washington, 
realizing that he was soon to retire to private life, determined, 
early in the year 1 796, to celebrate, in Newburyport, the an- 
niversary of his birth. 

At the desire of several gentlemen it is requested of those who incline 
to meet in celebration of the Birthday of the President on Monday next, 
tlie 22nd inst, that they call or send and enter their names by Saturday 
noon, or before, with Mr Richardson at the Union Hall where it is proposed 
to dine on that day at 2 o'clock. - 

The announcement was received with favor and met with a 
hearty response. The firing of cannon, the ringing of bells 
and the beating of drums aroused the patriotic citizens of New- 
buryport on the morning of February twenty-second. Flags 
were displayed by vessels in the harbor and floated gracefully 
over public buildings and private houses in the centre of the 
town. Dinner was served in Union hall, on Green street, at 
which toasts were drank, in honor of Washington, and a large 
number of merchants and mechanics sat down to a similar re- 
past in Davenport's inn, otherwise known as Wolfe tavern.^ 

The twenty-second day of February, 1 797, was celebrated 
in the same way, by the ringing of bells and the firing of can- 
non. A company of cavalry, under the command of Capt. 
Abel Boardman, paraded and partook of a dinner at Hoyt's 
tavern, where toasts were proposed and briefly responded to.^ 

' For further details relating to the memorial services held April 21, 1895, and 
November 16, 1902, see pamphlet, reports of the same, published a few months 
after the dates named. 

- Impartial Herald, February 19, 1796. 

•^ Impartial Herald, February 23, 1796. 

" Impartial Herald, February 24, 1 797 (American Antiquarian Society, Wor- 
cester, Mass.). 



CELEBRATION OF VVASHINGTOX'S BIRTHDAY 



425 



February 22, 18 14, the Washington Benevolent society as- 
sembled at the town hall and proceeded, under military escort 
to the meetinghouse on Pleasant street, where several patriotic 
odes were sung, and Stephen Hooper, Esq., delivered an elo- 
quent oration.' 

The centennial anniversary of Washington's birth was 
celebrated in Newburyport February 22, 1832. The select- 
men and other town officers, with the members of the Marine, 
Humane and Howard Benevolent societies were escorted by 
the Newburyport Artillery and the Washington Light Infan- 
try from the town hall on State street, through Market square 
and Merrimack street to Green street, and thence to the 
meeting house on Pleasant street, where Washington's fare- 
well address was read by Roger S. Howard, original hymns 
by Hannah F. Gould were sung, and an oration on the life 
and character of Washington was delivered by Rev. Thomas 
B. Fox. 

In 1856, the twenty-second day of February was made a 
legal holiday in the state of Massachusetts.- Since that date 
there have been at least two noteworthy celebrations of the 
day in Newburyport. February 22, 1862, at the suggestion 
of Abraham Lincoln, president of the United States, flags 
were displayed on the public buildings and private residences, 
and the church bells were rung for half an hour, morning, 
noon and night. A public meeting was held in the Prospect 
Street meeting house. Washington's farewell address was 
read by Rev. Samuel J. Spalding, patriotic songs were sung, 
and congratulatory speeches made on the capture of Fort 
Donelson by the Union forces under General Grant. In 
the evening many private residences were brilliantly illum- 
inated. 

February 22, 1879, a statue of Washington, by John O. 
A. Ward, was presented to the city of Newburyport. On 
account of the severity of the weather the presentation exer- 
cises were held in City hall. An address, with a series of reso- 
lutions adopted b)- the sons of Newburyport residing in the 

' Newburyport Herald and Country Gazette, February 25, 18 14. 
- Acts and Resolves, 1S56, ch. 113. 



42 6 HIS TORY OF NE WB UR YPORT 

city and state of New York, was read by Rev. George D. 
Wildes, D. D., of Riverdale, N. Y. A hymn, composed for 
the occasion, was sung by a chorus of male and female voices 
and the Right Reverend Thomas M. Clark, D. D., bishop of 
Rhode Island, delivered an eloquent oration on the life and 
character of Washington. The presentation speech, made by 
Edward F. Coffin, representing Daniel I. Tenney, Esq., of 
New York, the donor of the statue, was responded to by the 
mayor, Hon. John J. Currier. At the close of the exercises 
in the hall, the members of the city government, with invited 
guests, in carriages, were escorted by the first battalion of the 
Eighth regiment of the Massachusetts Volunteer militia, con- 
sisting of the Cushing Guards and City Cadets of Nevvbury- 
port, the Sherman Cadets of Lawrence, and the Haverhill City 
Guard, to the southeasterly end of Bartlet Mall, where the 
statue was unveiled while the band played " Hail to the Chief," 
and a detachment of the Newburyport Artillery company fired 
a salute of thirteen guns.' 

ANNIVERSARY OF THE BOSTON MASSACRE. 

The stirring events that followed the killing of four, and 
the wounding of seven, men in the streets of Boston on the 
evening of March 5, 1770, created considerable excitement in 
Newburyport and led to the annual observance of the day for 
several consecutive years. 

[March, 1773] On the Evening of the 51'! Instant the several Bells here 
were tolled from 7 o'clock to g, and two Drums muffled were beat 
through the streets and a number of young Persons followed in Proces- 
sions with as much Solemnity as if they had been attending a Funeral. - 

In 1774, arrangements were made for a more elaborate cel- 
ebration : — 

The day was ushered in by the tolling of the bells. From seven to 
ten o'clock the bells ceased, then began again and tolled until eleven, at 

' For additional facts and details relating to the presentation of the statue of 
Washington to the city of Newburyport, see pamphlet printed by order of the city 
council in 1879. 

-Communication published in the Essex Gazette March 30 -April 6, 1773 
(Essex Institute, Salem). 



ANNIVERSARY OF THE BOSTON MASSACRE 427 

which time a great number of people of this town, and of towns in the 
vicinity, assembled at the Rev. Mr. Parsons' Meeting House,' at which 
place, at the request of the sons of liberty, Mr Parsons gave a discourse 
exceedingly well adapted to the times, from Galatians 5th c. and 1st v: 
Stand fast therefore in the liberty in which Christ has made us free, 
and be not entangled again with the yoke of bondage. 

The service was introduced by an anthem and ended by an elegy com- 
posed for the occasion. In the evening the bells tolled again, which 
served at the same time, not only to keep in mind that tragical evening 
which we were commemorating, but to solemnize and prepare our minds, 
if duly meditated on, for the approaching Sabbath. - 

Mr. Parsons' sermon, "dedicated to the Hon. John Han- 
cock, Esq., of Boston," was printed by Isaiah Thomas and H. 
W. Tinges, and was, probably, the first book or pamphlet 
printed in Newburyport.^ 

Wednesday, March 8, 1775, Rev. Oliver Noble, "pastor of 
a church in Newbury," preached to a large congregation as- 
sembled in the North meeting house, Newburyport, a sermon 
in commemoration of the Boston massacre, from the text : 
" Wherein the King granted the Jews which were in every 
city to gather themselves together and to stand for their life 
to destroy, to slay and to cause to perish all the power of the 
people and province that would assault them." Book of 
Esther, viii., ii.-* 

Paul Revere published a colored engraving of " The Bloody 
Massacre perpetrated in King Street, Boston," which had a 
large sale. A similar engraving, slightly smaller in size, was 
printed from a plate made by Jonathan Mulliken, in Newbury- 
port, previous to 1782.5 The Revere plate is one eighth of 
an inch longer and wider than the Mulliken plate and there is 
a marked difference in the line work of the two plates. 
The half-tone print on the ne.xt page is taken from a very 

1 First Presbyterian meeting house. Federal street, 

■^ Essex Journal and Merrimack Packet, Wednesday, March 9, 1774. 

"^ A copy of this pamphlet is in the library of the American Antiquarian Socie- 
ty, Worcester Mass. 

^ This sermon was printed in Newburyport " by E. Lunt and H. W. Tinges 
MDCCLXXV " (American Antiquarian Society, Worctster). A brief announce- 
ment of the meeting was published in the Essex Journal and Merrimack Packet 
March 8, 1775. 

^ Jonathan Mulliken died Ji ne 19, 17S2. Seep. 166. 



428 HIS TORY OF NE WB UR YPOR T 

rare colored engraving of the massacre recently in the posses- 
sion of Alfred S. Manson, Escj., of Boston.' 




CELEBRATION OF JULY FOURTH. 

After the declaration of independence, the anniversary of 
the Boston massacre was allowed to pass unnoticed in New 

1 This engraving, enclosed in a small black antique frame, twelve inches wide 
and eighteen inches long, was sold in Boston April 6, 1904, by C. F. Libbie & 
Co., auctioneers for three hundred and seventeen dollars and fifty cents. 

William L. Andrews refers to an engraving of the Boston Massacre, by "Milli- 
ken," in his account of " Paul Revere and his Engravings," page 115, and says it 
was published about 1S30, but the engraver's name is misspelled and the date is 
evidently incorrect. 

A letter, dated at Boston, March 29, 1770, from Henry Pelham to Paul Revere, 
in regard to a drawing made by the writer of the letter, accuses Revere of stealing 
his design and" cutting " a plate of the Boston Massacre without his (Pelham's) 
-consent (Massachusetts Historical Society Proceedings for May, 1893). 



CELEBRA TION OF J I 'Z } ' FO UR TH 429 

buryport. July i, 1777, the representatives and councillors of 
the state of Massachusetts appointed a committee to make 
arrangements for the celebration of the fourth day of July in 
Boston, and the following resolution was read and adopted : — 

Resolved that some suitable Person be requested to perform Divine 
Worship & preach a Sermon suitable to the Declaration of the Indepen- 
dency of the thirteen United States of America on friday next, being the 
fourth day of July at the Old Brick Meeting House in Boston, service to 
begin at ten o'clock being the anniversary of the same, and that Col. 
Crafts Train of Artillery, with two field pieces, and the Militia of the 
Town of Boston with the Independent Company appear under arms at 

1 2 o'clock of said Day in Congress street, and that the grand salute of 

13 cannon be fired at the Castle and by the Train under Col. Crafts in 
Congress street.' 

March 25, 1783, the inhabitants of the town of Boston 
adopted the following preamble and resolution : — 

Whereas the Annual Celebration of the Boston Massacre on the 5th of 
March, 1770, has been found to be of eminent Advantage to the Cause 
of America in disseminating the Principles of Virtue and Patriotism 
among her citizens ; and whereas the immediate motives which induced 
the commemoration of that day do no longer exist in their primitive force; 
while the Benefits resulting from the Institution, may ahd ought to be 
forever preserved by exchanging that anniversary for another, the foun- 
dations of which will last as long as time endures. It is therefore, Re- 
solved that the celebration of the fifth of March from henceforward 
shall cease, and that instead thereof the Anniversary of the 4th Day of 
July, A. D. 1776 (a Day ever memorable in the Annals of this Country 
for the declaration of our Independence) shall be constantly celebrated 
by the Delivery of a Publick Oration in such place as the Town shall 
determine to be most convenient for that puipose. 

The patriotic citizens of Newburyport promptly followed 
the example of Boston in providing, for many years, an appro- 
priate celebration for the Fourth of July. 

[Wednesday, July 6, 1785] Last Monday, being the anniversarj' of 
American Independence, the Artillery Company of this town, genteely 
dressed in their uniforms, and having their field pieces, celebrated the 
day in such manner as is customary in other towns on the like occasion. - 

' Massachusetts Archives, vol. CCXIV., p. 337. 
- Essex Journal and New Hampshire Packet. 



430 



HIS TOR Y OF NE WB UR YPOR T 



[July 5, 1786] Yesterday being the anniversary of American Inde- 
pendence the same was obsen-ed in this town as usual.' 

The funds needed to defray the cost of these celebrations 
and those that followed, previous to 1825, were raised by 
private subscription, but the town authorized the selectmen 
to furnish powder, at their discretion, to the artillery '* to be 
used on Public Rejoicings & anniversary days."- 

On the eighteenth anniversary of American independence, 
July 4, 1794, flags were displayed by the shipping in the har- 
bor, the church bells were rung, and a national salute fired by 
the artillery company. " The first regiment of Militia, under 
the command of Col. Whittemore, and the Newburyport Ar- 
tillery under the command of Major Cross paraded."^ 

July 4, 1 796, the militia escorted the artillery company 
through the principal streets of the town and afterwards sat 
down to a bountiful repast, at which patriotic toasts were pro- 
posed and briefly responded to by some of the invited guests. 

July 4, 1798, an elaborate dinner was served in a hall that 
had been recently erected on Deer island, and in the afternoon 
a procession of young men, headed by Capt. Moses Brown, 
with a band of musicians, playing upon stringed instruments, 
marched to the yard where the ship Merrimack was being 
built for the United States government, and, after listening to 
a brief, patriotic address from Captain Brown, heartily cheered 
the carpenters at work there, and then resumed their march 
followed by a multitude of interested spectators. •♦ 

' Essex Journal and New Hampshire Packet. 

2 Newburyport Town Records, vol. II., p. 121. 

•* Morning Star, July 8, 1794. 

'' April 30, 1798, a musical association, consisting of twelve members, six play- 
ers on the violin, four players on the flute, one on the clarinet and one on the 
bass viol, was organized. Moses Kimball, a member of the association, states in 
a diary, now in the possession of Mr. Granville Goodrich of West Newbury, that 
on the evening of June fourteenth the members went into the belfry of Mr. An- 
drews' meeting house, then standing in what is now known as Market square, and 
played several musical selections, and on the evening of June twenty-eighth 
" they went into the belfry of Mr. Boddily's meeting house [on Harris street] and 
played for about an hour." 

After the parade, July fourth, the musicians passed the evening at Davenport's 
inn, otherwise known as Wolfe tavern, on State street. " About ten o'clock 
went up to Timothy Dexter's and gave him a serenade. He invited us in and 
treated us very politely. We also went up into his cupola and played." 



CELEBRA TION OE JUL Y FOURTH 4 3 ^ 

At an early hour on the morning of July 4, 1799, the inhab- 
itants of Newburyport were aroused by the firing of cannon, 
the beating of drums, and the ringing of bells. From ten 
o'clock until noon the military companies paraded and subse- 
quently partook of a collation at the gun house. Dinner was 
served at Wolfe tavern to a large and enthusiastic gathering 
of merchants, mechanics and tradesmen. 

At sunrise, July 4, 1800, the American flag was displayed 
by the shipping in the harbor and floated proudly over the 
public buildings and many private dwelling houses in the 
town. At twelve o'clock, the artillery company, under the 
command of Captain Somerby, fired a federal salute. A din- 
ner at Deer island closed the exercises of the day. Col. John 
Tracy was president, and Capt. Ebenezer Stocker, vice pres- 
ident. Toasts were drank and speeches made by some of the 
prominent citizens of the town, among them Theophilus Par- 
sons, who removed to Boston a few months later and was sub- 
sequently appointed chief-justice of the supreme court of Mas- 
sachusetts. 

Saturday, July 4, 1801, the Washington Light Infantry 
company, organized the previous year, united with the New- 
buryport Artillery company in celebrating the twenty-fifth 
anniversary of American independence. After the morning 
parade, both companies dined in the gun house then standing 
at the southeasterly end of Frog pond. 

July 4, 1804, there was a military parade in the morning 
followed by a dinner at W^ashington hall, on Green street, at 
noon, and fireworks, under the direction of Mr. Jacob Perkins, 
on the mall in the evening. 

July 4, 1808, a procession of citizens formed on the mall 
and proceeded under military escort to the meeting house in 
Pleasant street, where, after prayer by Rev. John Andrews, 
an address appropriate to the occasion was delivered by Eben- 
ezer Moseley, P^sq. 

May 8, 1809, the inhabitants of Newburyport voted to cel- 
ebrate the fourth of July, and the selectmen were authorized 
to make the necessary arrangements and provide an orator for 



432 



HIS TOR V OF NE IVBUR YPOK T 



the day.' Plans were matured that proved satisfactory ; and 
on the morning of July fourth, the Washington Light In- 
fantry escorted the town authorities to the mall, where they 
were joined by several patriotic societies and military organ- 
izations and then proceeded to the First Presbyterian 
meeting house on Federal street, where prayer was offered 
by Rev. Daniel Dana, and an oration delivered by William B. 
Bannister, Esq. Dinner for four hundred was served by Prince 
Stetson \\\ a tent erected on vacant land near the head of 
State street. The celebration closed with a brilliant display 
of fireworks on the mall in the evening. 

The programme for the thirty-fourth anniversary of Amer- 
ican independence, July 4, 18 10, was as follows : Procession 
from the court house on the mall, under escort of the Wash- 
ington Light Infantry, to Market street down Market to 
Merrimack, down Merrimack to State, up State to Pleasant 
street, and thence to the meeting house of the Plrst Religious 
Society of Newbury port, where an oration was delivered by 
Samuel L. Knapp, Escp; dinner in the town hall, on State street ; 
and fireworks on the mall in the evening. 

The Associated Disciples of Washington, afterwards known 
as the Washington Benevolent society, had charge of the cele- 
bration July 4, 1812, which included a procession and exer- 
cises in the Pleasant Street meeting house, where prayer was 
offered by Rev. John Andrews, the declaration of indepen- 
dence read by John Pierpont, Esq.,- and an oration delivered 
by Stephen Hooper, Esq. 

The embargo and war with Great Britain cast a grievous 
shadow over the festivities of July 4, 18 14. Questions relat- 
ing to the political rights and privileges of New England and 
the commercial prosperity of Newburyport were discussed in 
a public address by Rev. Daniel Dana, D. D., and in the 

1 Newburyport Town Records, vol. II., p. 388. 

- At that date, Mr. Pierpont was a popular young lawyer in Newburyport. At 
a meeting of the members of the Washington Benevolent society held October 27, 
1S12, he read a poem, commemorating the virtues of Washington and deploring 
the destruction of commerce by the embargo, entitled " The Portrait," which 
was published a few months later. Mr. Pierpont subse(|uently removed to Boston, 
where he studied for the ministry, and was for many years pastor of the Hollis 
Street church in that city. 



CELEBRATION OF JULY FOURTH 433 

speeches that followed the dinner in Washington hall, on 
Green street, the policy of the federal government was severe- 
ly criticised. 

The forty-fifth anniversary of American independence was 
celebrated July 4, 1821, by the Newburyport Debating socie- 
ty. A procession, under the escort of the Washington Light 
Infantry, marched through the principal streets of the town to 
the meeting house on Pleasant street, where an oration was de- 
livered by Hon. Caleb Gushing. After the services, dinner 
was served and toasts drank at Gilman's hotel on State street. 
July 4, 1822, the Newburyport Debating society, with the 
selectmen of the town and other invited guests, marched, under 
escort of the Washington Light Infantry, from the court house 
on the mall to the meeting house on Pleasant street, where an 
oration was delivered by Robert Gross, Esq. The celebration 
closed with fireworks on the mall in the evening. 

Similar arrangements were made by the Newbur)-port De- 
bating society for the celebration July 4, 1823. George G. 
Wilde, Esq., was orator ; and dinner was served at Pearson's 
hotel, Hon. S. S. Wilde presiding. 

The same society had charge of the celebration July 4, 1 824. 
Nehemiah Gleaveland delivered the oration, and an ode, written 
by Hon. Galeb Gushing, was sung by a select choir. After 
the exercises dinner was served in the town hall to members of 
the society and invited guests. 

The fiftieth anniversary was celebrated July 4, 1826, wnth 
more than usual pomp and ceremony. The Franklin Debating- 
society, practically the Newburyport Debating society re-organ- 
ized, with a committee appointed by the Newburyport Ar- 
tillery company, had charge of the festivities. The Newbury- 
port Artillery and the Washington Light Infantry with the 
Amesbury Artillery, Newbury Gavalry, and two companies of 
militia from Ipswich and Bradford escorted the Masonic 
lodges, with banners and badges, the Humane society, the 
Marine society, the fire-engine companies, truckmen, ar- 
rayed in white frocks, and sixty-four Revolutionary soldiers, 
under the command of Daniel Foster, " who had served in 
LaFiyette's own guard," through a line of school children 



434 



HISTOK V OF NE WB UK YPOR T 



formed on each side of the mall, and thence through the princi- 
pal streets of the town to the meeting house on Pleasant 
street, where the declaration of independence was read by 
Robert Cross, Esq., an original hymn and ode sung, and an 
oration delivered by Hon. John Merrill. Dinner was served in 
the unfinished building afterwards known as Market hall. En- 
camped on Brown square, the Newburyport Artillery company, 
the Washington Light Infantry company, and the companies 
from Ipswich and Bradford remained over night and were dis- 
missed on the morning of July fifth.' 

July 4, 1828, the Washington Light Infantry escorted sev- 
eral patriotic societies, accompanied by bands of music from 
Bradford and Lowell, to the meeting house on Eederal street, 
where the declaration of independence was read by Hon. Caleb 
Cushing, and an oration delivered by Moses P. Parish, Esq. 
The same day another procession, under escort of the New- 
buryport Artillery company, proceeded to the Second Presby- 
terian meeting house on Harris street, where the declaration of 
independence was read by William L. Garrison and an oration 
delivered by Robert Cross, Esq. Dinner for the artillery 
company and invited guests was served in the gun house. 

July 4, 1829, a procession, formed on the mall, was escort- 
ed by the Washington Light Infantry to the meeting house 
on Pleasant street, where Rev. John C. March read the 
declaration of independence and Edmund L. LeBreton, Esq., 
deUvered an oration. 

Monday, July 5, 1830, the Newburyport Artillery, "with 
infantry equipments for this occasion," escorted the officers 
and members of the Newburyport Lyceum and others associ- 
ated with them in celebrating the day to the meeting house 
on Pleasant street, where the declaration of independence was 
read by John Woart, Esq., and an oration delivered by W'illiam 
S. Allen, Esq. 

July 4, 1 83 1, Edmund L. LeBreton, Esq., read the declara- 
tion of independence at the meeting house on Federal street, 
an original hymn by Miss Hannah Y . Gould was sung, and 

Tor further details of this celebration see Reminiscences of A Nonagenarian, 
pp. 326-331. 



CELEB R A TION OF JUL Y FO L 'R TLI 435 

Mr. Jacob Stone deli\'ered an appropriate and eloquent oration. 
There was a display of fireworks on the mall in the evening. 

July 4, 1832, was celebrated by a military parade, an ora- 
tion by Hon. Caleb Gushing, in the Pleasant Street meeting 
house, a levee in the town hall in the afternoon, and fireworks 
on the mall in the evening. 

July 4, 1833, public e.xercises were held in the meeting 
house on Federal street. Mr. George W. Cofifin read the 
declaration of independence, and Hon. George Lunt delivered 
an oration. 

The Newburyport Artillery company suggested and matured 
the plans for the celebration of July 4, 1 836. The town officers, 
soldiers of the Revolutionary war and members of various be- 
nevolent associations proceeded, under military escort, to the 
meeting house on Pleasant street, where an original hymn, 
composed for the occasion by Miss Hannah F. Gould, was 
sung, and Hon. George Lunt delivered an oration. In the 
evening there was a display of fireworks from the westerly 
side of Frog pond. 

July 4, 1837, was celebrated by a federal salute at sunrise, 
a procession under escort of the Newburyport Artillery 
company, the gathering of children connected with the public 
schools on the mall, the reading of the declaration of inde- 
pendence by Robert Cross, Esq., and the delivery, in the 
Pleasant Street meeting house, of an oration by John Ouincy 
Adams, ex-president of the United States.' In the evening 
the distinguished statesman received his friends and acquaint- 
ances at a public reception in the town hall. 

Monday, July 5, 1841, was celebrated by the Washington 
Total Abstinence society of Newburyport. Public exercises 
were held in a grove on the turnpike, near the head of State 
street, where the declaration of independence was read by 
Samuel L. Caldwell and patriotic addresses were made by 
prominent friends of the society residing in Boston and else- 
where. 

1 This oration was subsequently published in pamphlet form. The original 
manuscript, in the hand-writing of Mr. Adams, is now in the Newburyport Pub- 
lic Library. 



436 HIS TORY OF NE WB UR YPOR T 

The celebration of July 4, 1842, was arranged by a commit- 
tee appointed by the above-named society. A procession, 
under the escort of the Newburyport Artillery company, 
marched from the mall to the meeting house on Prospect 
street, where public services were held. A collation was 
afterwards served in the town hall. 

July 4, 1843, the members of the Washington Total Abstin- 
ence society, escorted by the Newburyport Artillery company, 
proceeded to the meeting house on Federal street, where an orig- 
inal hymn, composed for the occasion by Miss Hannah F. 
Gould, was sung, and an address delivered by John Coombs, 
Esq. In the evening, a musical entertainment, followed by a 
dinner, was given in one of the unfinished rooms of the 
James Steam Mill on Charles street. 

July 4, 1 844, the members of the Newburyport fire depart- 
ment, with their fire engines and hose carriages, marched 
through the principal streets of the town to the meeting house 
on Titcomb street, where Hon. Ebenezer Bradbury delivered 
an address on the importance of maintaining a well-organized 
fire department. In the evening, there was a display of fire- 
works on the mall. 

July 4, 1848, the selectmen of the town. Revolutionary 
soldiers. Marine society. Odd Fellows, Sons of Temperance, 
members of the fire department and citizens generally were 
escorted by the Washington Light Guard from the court 
house on the mall to the meeting house on Pleasant street, 
where prayer was offered by Rev. Thomas W. Higginson, an 
ode, written by Miss Hannah F. Gould, sung by a select choir, 
and an oration delivered by Hon. Henry W. Kinsman. In 
the evening there was music on the mall and fireworks on the 
westerly side of the pond. 

July 4, 1850, the selectmen and other ofificers of the town, 
with members of the fire department. Marine and Humane 
societies, St. Mark's Lodge of Master Masons, Odd Fellows 
and a procession of young ladies, bearing fiowers representing 
the seasons, etc., were escorted by the Washington Light 
Guard from the mall down High to Federal street, and thence 
through Middle, State and Pleasant streets to the corner of 



CELEB R A TION OF JUL Y FO URTH 437 

Green street and Brown square where the corner-stone of the 
new town hall was laid, with imposing ceremonies, and Hon. 
Caleb Gushing delivered an appropriate address. In the 
evening there was a display of fireworks on the mall. 

After the annexation of a part of the town of Newbury to 
Newburyport in April, 185 i, ''An Act to establish the city of 
Newburyport " was passed by the General Court and accepted 
by the inhabitants of the last-named town on the third 
day of June. On the fourth day of July, following, the city 
officials of Newburyport, with the members of the fire depart- 
ment, Masonic lodges, benevolent associations, mounted truck- 
men, and a cavalcade of citizens were escorted by the Washing- 
ton Light Guard to the meeting house on Pleasant street, 
where a large choir, under the direction of Moses D. Randall, 
sang several appropriate selections, Joshua D. Robinson read 
an original ode, and Richard Frothingham, Jr., Esq., of 
Charlestown delivered an oration. In the evening there was 
a display of fireworks on the westerly side of Frog pond. 

On the morning of July fifth, the floral procession, post- 
poned on account of the threatening weather and muddy con- 
dition of the streets from July fourth, was escorted through 
the principal streets of the city to the residence of the mayor, 
Hon. Caleb Gushing, where a collation was provided for all 
who had helped to make the celebration interesting and at- 
tractive. 

Monday, July 5, 1852, the Gushing Guard, previously 
known as the Washington Light Guard, escorted through the 
principal streets of the city a procession composed of the 
members of the city government, the fire department, children 
connected with the public schools, in open carriages and carts 
decorated with ferns and flowers, tradesmen with samples of 
their merchandise, artisans working at their trades, and mount- 
ed truckmen in white frocks. In the evening, there was a 
display of fireworks, under the direction of Edmund Bartlet, 
Jr., on the westerly side of Frog pond. 

The celebration of July 4, 1854, was unusually attractive. 
The sons and daughters of Newburyport, residing in the New 
England states and elsewhere, formed organizations and came 



438 HIS TOR V OF NE \VB UR YPOR T 

home to participate in the celebration. Under escort of 
the Gushing Guard, Gapt. Jabez L. Pearson, and the New- 
buryport Veteran Artillery association, Maj. Ebenezer Brad- 
bury, commanding, the delegates from Bangor, Portsmouth, 
Boston, New York and other cities and towns, members of 
the fire department, tradesmen and artisans, ship carpenters, 
joiners and painters, marched from the southeasterly end of 
Bartlet mall down High street to Federal street, through 
Orange, Essex and State streets to High street, up High to 
Kent street, countermarching down High to Market street, 
through Washington and Green streets to the meeting house 
on Pleasant street where a song of welcome, written by Hon. 
George Lunt, was sung, the declaration of independence read 
by Hiram B. Haskell, and an address appropriate to the 
occasion delivered by Rev. George D. Wildes. Dinner was 
served in a tent erected on a vacant lot of land at the corner 
of Congress and Olive streets. Hon. Moses Davenport, mayor 
of the city, presided and when the viands had been disposed 
of introduced Philip K. Hills, Esq., who proposed the first 
regular toast, which was responded to by Hon. George Lunt 
of Boston. Subsequently, speeches were made by Cornelius 
C. Felton, professor of Greek in Harvard University, Rev. 
Thomas M. Clark of Hartford, Conn., Col. Samuel Swett of 
Boston, Rev. Samuel L. Caldwell of Bangor, Maine, and Hon. 
Caleb Gushing, attorney-general of the United States. In 
the evening there was a levee in City hall, and fireworks on 
the mall." 

Since 1855, the anniv^ersary of American independence has 
been annually celebrated in Newburyport by the ringing of 
bells, firing of salutes and other expressions of joy, without 
civic or military display except on a few special occasions. 

July 4, 1865, the- members of the city government, with the 
soldiers and sailors who had returned to Newburyport, after 
service in the army or navy during the civil war, ofhcers and 
members of the fire-^igine and hook and ladder companies, 
tradesmen and manufacturers, were escorted by the Newbury- 

' A full account of this celebration was published in pamphlet form by order of 
the city council in 1854. 



CELEB R A TION OE Jl L \ ' EO UR TH 439 

port Veteran Artillery association and the City Cadets, through 
the principal streets of the city to the meeting house on 
Pleasant street, where the declaration of independence was 
read by Albert Hale, Esq., and an address, appropriate to the 
occasion, delivered by Hon. George B. Loring. 

At the close of this address, the city government and invited 
guests, including the soldiers and sailors who had sensed in 
the war, were escorted to City hall, where dinner was provided 
for seven hundred and fifty persons. After the tables had 
been cleared and cigars Ughted, Hon. George W. Jackman, Jr., 
mayor of the city, welcomed the veterans in a brief speech, 
and subsequently Hon. George B. Loring, Rev. Samuel J. 
Spalding, Col. Eben F. Stone, Maj. Ben: Perley Poore, Capt. 
George W. Creasey, Col. Frederick J. Coffin and others re- 
sponded to toasts given in honor of "The Army of the Gulf," 
" The Navy," " The Army of the Potomac," and " The Army 
of the James." 

The one-hundredth anniversary of American independence 
was celebrated July 4, 1876, with unusual pomp and cere- 
mony. A national salute was fired at sunrise and the heavy 
artillery guns were then taken to Parker river and another 
salute fired near the landing place of the first settlers of New- 
bury. A procession, two miles long, composed of the officers 
and men of the Grand Army of the Republic residing in New- 
bury aivl Newburyport, Masonic lodges and benevolent associ- 
ations, tradesmen and mechanics, pupils of the public schools in 
carriages, farmers and milkmen from Newbury dressed in 
fantastic costumes, with wagons and carts loaded with farm 
produce and decorated with flags and flowers, was escorted by 
the Gushing Guards and the City Cadets through certain des- 
ignated streets from Broad street, in Newburyport, to *'Tra)ne- 
ing Green," in Newbury. At the close of the morning parade, 
dinner was served in a tent, near Parker river, where in the 
afternoon, Capt. Luther Dame read the declaration of inde- 
pendence and David L. Withington, Esq., delivered an interest- 
ing historical address. On the mall, in Newburyport, amuse- 
ments were provided for the children connected with the 
public schools and two velocipede boats, loaded with passen- 



440 



II IS TOR Y OF NE WB UR YPOR T 



gei's, made frequent trips from one end of the pond to the 
other, while the Nevvburyport and Amesbury bands enHvened 
the occasion with strains of martial music. 

July 4, 1893, the officers and members of the Grand Army 
of the Republic, with the city government in carriages, benev- 
olent and Masonic associations, tradesmen and manufacturers 
were escorted by a battalion of the Massachusetts Volunteer 
militia, through certain designated streets, from Bromfield 
street in ward one to Woodland street in ward six and 
thence to Brown square, where a plattorm had been erected 
and an open-air meeting organized, Hon. Orrin J. Gurney, 
mayor of the city, presiding. Enoch C. Adams, principal of 
the Newburyport High school, read the declaration of inde- 
pendence, Kellar's American Hymn was sung by a chorus of 
male voices, and Rev. Samuel C. Beane, representing William 
H. Swasey, Esq., presented, at his request and in his name, 
to the city of Newburyport the statue of William Lloyd Gar- 
rison, designed and modeled by David M. French of New- 
buryport. The mayor accepted the gift in a few well-chosen 
words, and then introduced Hon. Frederick T. Greenhalge of 
Lowell, who delivered an eloquent and appropriate historical 
address. The festivities of the day closed with a display of 
fireworks on March's hill in the evening. 

July 4, 1902, the Boys' Brigade of Belleville escorted the 
members of the Grand Army of the Republic connected with 
the A. W. Bartlett Post, No. 49, of Newburyport, the Charles 
Sumner Post, No. loi, of Groveland, the E. P. Wallace Post, 
No. 122, of Amesbury, the Everett Peabody Post, No. 108, of 
Georgetown, the General James Appleton Post, No. 128, of 
Ipswich, the John A. Logan Post, No. 127, of Seabrook, N. 
H., and the mayor and invited guests, in carriages, from City 
hall to Atkinson common, where an open-air meeting was 
held, Walter B. Hopkinson, president of the monument 
association, presiding. Prayer was offered by Rev. George H. 
Miner, and Williard J. Hale, Esq., read the speech made by 
Abraham Lincoln at Gettysburg November 19, 1863. A 
choir of male and female voices sang "To thee, Oh Country," 



OTHER ANNIVERSARY CELEBRATIONS 



441 



and Joseph B. Eaton, secretary of the monument association, 
gave a brief account of the work that had been done by mem- 
bers of that organization. •* Cohnnbia the Gem of the Ocean " 
was sung by the children connected with the Forrester street 
and Ashland street grammar schools, and the statue on Atkin- 
son common, designed and modeled by Mrs.Theo Alice (Rug- 
gles) Kitson,' was presented to the city of Newburyport by 
Mr. Hopkinson and accepted by Hon. Moses Brown, mayor. 
John E. Oilman, past-department-commander of the Grand 
Army of Massachusetts, then delivered an interesting patriotic 
address after which America was sung by the choir and Rev. 
Mr. Miner pronounced the benediction. 

OTHER ANNIVERSARY CELEBRATIONS. 

At a meeting of the inhabitants of Newburyport held March 
23) 1835, a committee, consisting of Jeremiah Nelson, Edward 
S. Rand, Nathan Follansbee, John Bradbury, Robert Jenkins, 
Nathaniel Foster, Amos Toppan, Henry Frothingham, John 
Osgood and Caleb Gushing, was appointed to confer with com- 
mittees appointed by the towns of Newbury and West New- 
bury to arrange for the celebration of the second centennial 
anniversary of the settlement made at Parker river, in 1635.^ 
The programme finally agreed upon provided for a salute 
at sunrise, May 26, 1835, a procession, an oration and a din- 
ner to be followed by a levee in the evening. Col. Jeremiah 
Colman was appointed chief-marshall and, with his advice and 
assistance, the route of the procession was determined upon, 
and announced in the newspapers of the day. 

At nine o'clock, on the morning of May twenty-sixth, the 
selectmen of Newbury, Newburyport and West Newbury, 
ministers residing in the abo\'e-named towns, members of the 
Marine society. Humane society and other organizations, 
were escorted by the Newburyport Artillery and the Byfield 
Rifle company from the Newbury town house on the turn- 
pike, now State street, in Newburyport, to High street and 

' See pp. 220 and 221. 

- Newburyport Town Records, vol. III., p. 327. 



44 2 HIS TOR Y OF NE WB UR YPOR T 

thence down High to Federal street, through Federal and 
Middle streets to Market square and thence through Merri- 
mack, Market and Berry streets to the meeting house on 
Pleasant street, where an ode and a hymn, written for the oc- 
casion by Hon. George Lunt, were sung and an appropriate 
address delivered by Hon. Caleb Gushing. 

Dinner was served, at two o'clock, in a temporary paviUon 
erected near the Newbury town house, to seven or eight hun- 
dred invited guests. Hon. Ebenezer Moseley presided at the 
exercises that followed the dinner and Lieutenant-Governor 
Amstrong, Hon. Edward Everett, Hon. Robert C. Winthrop, 
Hon. Caleb Gushing, Hon. George Lunt and other dis- 
tinguished gentlemen responded to the toasts that were pro- 
posed. 

The Boston Brass Band, then a new organization, the first 
in the United States to use the trumpet, bugle, trombone and 
other brass instruments, furnished the music for the parade 
and for the dinner. 

In the evening, there was a levee at the town hall, on State 
street, in Newburyport, where old furniture, portraits and 
paintings were displayed and tea served to the distinguished 
guests by ladies dressed in the costumes of 1776. 

The two hundred and fiftieth anniversary of the settlement 
of Newbury was celebrated June 10, 1885. Exercises were 
held on the morning of that day in City hall, Newburyport. 
A large choir, under the direction of Norman McLeod, sang 
" The Heavens are Telling " from " The Creation," by Haydn, 
^nd the national hymn, "To Thee Oh Country," set to music 
by Eichberg. Mrs. Louisa Parsons (Stone) Hopkins read an 
original ode and Samuel Colcord Bartlett, D.D., LL.D., 
president of Dartmouth College, delivered an interesting 
historical address. 

At two o'clock a possession was formed in front of City 
hall, and the members of the Historical Society of Old New- 
bury, with invited guests, in carriages, and the children con- 
nected with the public schools of Newbury, West Newbury 
and Newburyport were escorted by companies A and B of the 
Eighth regiment of the Massachusetts Volunteer militia to a 



OTHER ANNIVERSARY CELEBRATIONS 



44 3 



large tent erected on March's field near the head of Bromfield 
street, where dinner was served, and speeches made by Hon. 
Albert E. Pillsbury, Hon. George B. Loring, Hon. William W. 
Crapo, Hon. Charles S. Bradley, Lieut. Adolphus W. Greeley, 
Hon. Eben F. Stone, James Parton and others prominent in 
public life. 

In the evening a promenade concert and reception in City 
hall was attended by a large number of citizens and distin- 
guished strangers who came to listen to the music and 
examine the portraits of ministers, merchants, shipmasters, 
lawyers and ladies, that had been gathered by a committee 
appointed for that purpose and hung on the walls of the 
council chamber.' 

The ceremonies and festivities that marked the fiftieth 
anniversary of the organization of the city government of 
Newburyport were unusually interesting and attractive. Ser- 
vices appropriate to the occasion were held in all the churches 
Sunday morning, June 23, 1901, and in the evening a large 
audience assembled in City hall to listen to the singing of 
hymns of praise and thanksgiving by the Choral Union and 
the delivery of an address on the commercial and industrial life 
of Newburyport by George Frederick Stone of Chicago. 

Monday morning, June twenty-fourth, a salute of fifty guns 
at sunrise was followed by the ringing of all the church bells 
in the city. An hour or two later, the United States battle- 
ship Massachusetts, under the command of Capt. H. N. Man- 
ney, arrived at the mouth of the Merrimack river, and a 
committee appointed for that purpose went out in the 
Steamer Cygnet to invite the officers and men on board the 
Massachusetts to join in the parade the following day. At 
half-past ten o'clock, Hon. Albert E. Pillsbury of Boston de- 
livered an interesting historical address to a large audience in 
City hall. At two o'clock, dinner was served in the Armory 
building on Merrimack street, Hon. Moses Brown, mayor of 

' A full report of the proceedings on the two hundred and fiftieth anniversary 
of the settlement of Newbury including the historical address and after-dinner 
speeches, was published in 1885 by order of the Historical Society of Old New- 
bury . 



444 ^^^ TORY OF NE WBUR\ 'FOR T 

the city, presiding. After hunger and thirst were appeased, 
the Orpheus Ckib quartette sang several spirited songs, and 
speeches were made by Hon. John L. Bates, Heutenant-gov- 
ernor, Hon. Wilham H. Moody, representative to congress 
from the Sixth Massachusetts district, Hon. Augustus P. 
Gardner, state senator from the Third Essex district, Hon. 
Albert E. Pillsbury, orator of the day, Hon. Harvey N. 
Shepard, Hon. William Reed and many others. 

Tuesday morning, June twenty-fifth, the members of the 
city government, with invited guests, in carriages, the board of 
engineers and members of the fire department, with fire en- 
gines and hose carriages, benevolent societies and other associ- 
ations, children connected with the public schools, and trades- 
men and manufacturers, were escorted by a naval battalion 
from the battleship Massachusetts, the First battalion of the 
Eighth regiment of Massachusetts Volunteer militia, and rep- 
resentatives of the Grand Army of the Republic, from the 
southeasterly end of Bartlet mall, through the principal streets 
of the city to Market square, where the procession was dis- 
missed. In the evening, there was a display of fireworks on 
the westerly side of Frog pond. 

The celebration closed with a parade of firemen from Low- 
ell, Lawrence, Cambridge, Chelsea and other cities and towns, 
Wednesday morning, June twenty-sixth, and the trial of the 
engines belonging to the several veteran associations, in a 
friendly contest, on Pond street in the afternoon.' 

POLITICAL GATHERINGS. 

August 28, 1840, delegates from every town in Essex coun- 
ty assembled at the court house in Newburyport t(j nominate 
suitable persons to represent the county in the state senate. 
After several ballotings the delegates selected Daniel P. King 
of Danvers, David Choate of Essex, Amos Abbott of Andover, 
Stephen Oliver of Lynn, and Henry W. Kinsman of New- 
bur)'port to be supp<)rted by the voters of the W'hig part)' at 

' For additional facts and details relating to the celebration of the fiftieth anni- 
■versary of the organization of the city government of Newburyport see pamphlet 
published by order of the city council in 190 1. 



POLITICAL GATHERINGS 



445 



the election to be held in November, and adopted resolutions 
expressing their hearty approbation of the speeches made and 
sentiments expressed by their representative in congress, 
Hon. Caleb Gushing. 

While this convention was in session delegations from towns 
in Essex, Suffolk and Middlesex counties, accompanied by 
several bands of music, were escorted by the Newburyport 
Artillery company, the Salem Mechanics Light Infantry, the 
Topsfield Warren Blues, the Haverhill Light Infantry and 
the Bradford Light Infantry, through the principal streets of 
the town to Brown square, where a platform had been erected, 
and speeches were made by Hon. Caleb Cushing, Governor 
Kent of Maine, Hon. Leverett Saltonstall and Hon. Daniel 
Webster. 

At two o'clock in the afternoon, the procession re-formed in 
front of the court house, on the mall, and proceeded to the 
Bartlet steam mill, then nearly completed, where tables were 
set in the unoccupied second story of the building, and plates 
laid for the accommodation of two thousand subscribers to the 
dinner. 

In the evening, a promenade concert and reception, attended 
by at least three thousand ladies and gentlemen, was held in 
the lower story of the mill which was elaborately decorated 
for the occasion. 

Hon. Caleb Gushing, representative to congress from the 
Third Essex district, returning from his official duties in 
Washington, arrived in Newburyport on the evening of the 
twenty-ninth day of September, 1842. He was received with 
shouts of " Welcome," the ringing of bells, and the booming 
of cannon, and invited to speak to the assembled multitude 
from a temporary platform erected near the railroad station. 
He consented to make a brief address in which he defended, 
with great ability, the policy adopted by President Tyler in the 
administration of public affairs. At the close of the speech 
he was warmly commended " for daring, like Mr. Webster, to 
act for his country and his party." 

On the seventh day of October following, he discussed with 



446 ^IS TOR y OF NE WB UR 1 FOR T 

great acceptance the political questions of the day, before an 
audience that filled the meeting house on Prospect street to 
overflowing. 

On the evening of the seventh day of November, 1844, a 
notable political meeting was held in the second story of the 
James steam mill, then nearly ready to receive machinery for 
the manufacture of cotton cloth. The room was well lighted 
and decorated with flags for the occasion. Eloquent and im- 
pressive speeches were delivered by Hon. Leverett Saltonstall 
and Hon. Daniel Webster.' 

The news of the election of Gen. Zachary Taylor as presi- 
dent and Millard Fillmore as vice president of the United 
States was received in Newburyport with great joy, and 
preparations were promptly made to celebrate the event with 
a brilliant torchlight procession. On Wednesday evening, 
November 22, 1848, public buildings and private dwelling 
houses and stores were illuminated and various organizations, 
bearing transparancies and banners, marched through the 
streets of the town that were ablaze with fireworks and rock- 
ets. The rejoicing continued late into the night and closed 
with a substantial supper, at which popular political songs 
were sung in Washington hall.^ 

PUBLIC RECEPTIONS. 

Hon. Caleb Gushing, who had served with distinction as 
attorney-general of the United States, left Washington, D. 
G., at the close of Franklin Pierce's administration to resume 
the practice of law in Boston. A committee was appointed to 
meet him there and tender him a public reception in Newbury- 
port. This expression of respect and esteem was gratefully 
accepted. He left Boston at twelve o'clock, Thursday, April 
23, 1857, and was received with a national salute on his arrival 
at the Eastern Railroad depot in Newburyport. He was es- 
corted to City hall, where an address of welcome was delivered 
by Hon. Moses Davenport, to which he responded in an elo- 
quent speech. 

' Newburyport Herald, November 12, 1844. 

2 Newburyport Herald, November 24 and 28, 1848. 



PUBLIC RECEPTIONS 



447 



The exercises of the day closed with a reception and levee in 
the evening, which was enlivened by music and dancing". A 
brilliant company of ladies and gentleman from Newburyport 
and neighboring cities and towns enjoyed the festivities until 
a late hour. 

The return of the survivors of the Arctic expedition, under 
the command of Lieut. Adolphus W. Greeley, was an event 
of extraordinary interest to the inhabitants of Newburyport. 
The story of their perils and sufferings awakened deep and 
wide-spread sympathy, and a committee was appointed to 
make arrangements for the reception of Lieutenant Greeley 
on his arrival home. Plans were matured and preparations 
made for a reception worthy of the occasion. 

Thursday morning, August 14, 1884, the Newburyport 
Commandery of Knights Templar esccjrted Lieutenant Greeley 
from the residence of his mother on Prospect street to City 
hall, where a procession, consisting of the Eighth regiment of 
Massachusetts Volunteer militia, Grand Army posts of New- 
buryport, Haverhill, Amesbury and neighboring towns, New- 
buryport fire department and other organizations, with mem- 
bers of the city government and invited guests in carriages, 
was formed under the direction of Col. Charles L. Ayers, chief 
marshal, and moved through the principal streets of the city 
between Broad and Bromfield streets, returning to Brown 
square, where a grand-stand had been erected, and Hon. William 
A. Johnson, mayor, delivered an address of welcome, to which 
Lieutenant Greeley briefly responded. His Excellency, George 
D. Robinson, governor of Massachusetts, then spoke earnestly 
and eloquently of the courage and heroism displayed by Lieu- 
tenant Greeley in his Arctic explorations and congratulated him 
on his escape from cold and starvation, disease and death. The 
exercises closed with a benediction pronounced by Rev. Charles 
C. Wallace,'pastor of theP'irst Presbyterian church and society. 

Extraordinary interest was manifested in the arrangements 
made to welcome Lieutenant Greeley home. The decorations 
throughout the city were on a magnificent scale. Private 
residences and public buildings were dressed with flags and 



448 HIS TOR Y OF NE WB UR YPOR T 

streamers ; and arches, bearing appropriate mottoes, were 
placed across State street, Prospect street and in front of City 
hall. At a meeting held in Brown square in the afternoon 
speeches were made from the grand-stand by Hon. Eben F. 
Stone, Major Ben : Perley Poore, Richard S. Spofford, Esq., 
and others. The festivities of the day closed with an 
elaborate display of fireworks on March's hill. 



CHAPTER XII. 

SHIP-YARDS, SHIP OWNERS AND SHIP BUILDERS. 

The first wharf in the town of Newbury was built by 
Capt. Paul White, in 1655, near the foot of Greenleafs lane, 
now State street, Newburyport." Subsequently, Richard 
Dole, Nathaniel Clark, Stephen Greenleaf, Daniel Davison 
and others were granted liberty to build wharves in that 
vicinity. 

In 1684, in answer to the petition of several ship owners, 
Nathaniel Clarke was appointed naval officer to enter and 
clear vessels at the port of Newbury.- How long he retained 
the office is uncertain. When the town of New bury port 
was incorporated, in 1764, the custom house was probably 
in charge of William Tailer.^ 

At that date, Ralph Cross had a ship-yard a few rods below 
the lower long wharf ; '^ and a few years later Jonathan Green- 
leaf was building small vessels at the foot of Chandler's lane, 
now Federal street, where the frigate Boston was built for the 
state of Massachusetts in 1776, and Stephen and Ralph Cross, 
sons of Ralph Cross, Sr., had a yard between the foot of 
Chandler's lane and Davenport's wharf, where they built the 
frigate Hancock in 1776, and the Protector in 1779.^ 

The middle ship-yard, laid out as a landing place in 1771, 
was occupied by Thomas Woodbridge, an eminent ship 

1 " Ould Newbury," pp. 151-163. 

2 History of Newbury (Currier), pp. 476-478. 

^ " Last Friday morning died at Newbury Port William Tailer, Esq., Deputy 
Collector of that Port, and son of the late Governor Tailer deceased." Essex 
Gazette, April 7-14, 1772 (Essex Institute, Salem, Mass.). 

^ Liberty to extend the lower long wharf sixty feet on the easterly side for the 
accommodation and dockage of vessels was granted June 18, 1765. Newburyport 
Town Records, vol. I., p. 48. 

* The ship-yard owned by Stephen and Ralph Cross was afterwards occupied 
by Michael Titcomb and Ezra Lunt for a mast yard. 

449 



450 HISTOR Y OF NE WB UR YPOR T 

builder, in 1768/ and afterwards by Stephen Hooper. It 
was located in the rear of the present police station.^ 

Abel Merrill leased of the selectmen of Newburyport, in 
1765, a building yard at the foot of Queen, now Market street, 
where he built several vessels. 

[March 19, 1765] Voted that the selectmen be ordered to let out to 
Mr. Abel Merrill so much of that twelve rod highway at or near the upper 
end of Queen's wharf, or the upper long wharf, so called, as they think 
can be .spared.3 

At a later date, Obadiah Horton owned and occupied the 
upper long" wharf and bmlt vessels there during the Revolu- 
tionary war. At his death, he gave his dwelling house, with 
other property, to his son James Horton, " and also my river 
lot of land and all the buildings thereon belonging to me, 
adjoining upon Merrimack street in Newburyport aforesaid 
and which was formerly a ship yard."^ 

At the close of the war the merchants of Newburyport were 
actively engaged in commercial enterprises and were anxious 
to extend .their trade at home and abroad. Nathaniel Tracy, 
a large ship owner, wrote to Capt. Samuel Tucker, at Ports- 
mouth, N. H., boimd to the West India islands with a cargo 
of lumber and other merchandise, the following letter, which 
throws light on the methods adopted for the management of 
ships when the mails were slow and telegraphic communica- 
tion unknown : — 

Newburyport, June 30, 1784. 
Sir : You being commander of my Ship Cato I would have you pro- 
ceed with the cargo now on board to Grenada or one of the Windward 
West India Islands, where if Markets are favourable you are to sell on 
the most advantageous terms that can be obtained — Americans not being 
admitted into English Islands unless particularly indulged, there will be 
a Difficulty which at present cannot be guarded against in your going 
into Grenada or Barbadoes, but notwithstanding this you may go on 

I " Ould Newbury," p. 281. Thomas Woodbridge died in 1774, in the sixty- 
fifth year of his age. 

'•' See plan of landing place, chapter III., p. 131, and description of ship-yard, 
pp. 134 and 135. 

■' Newburyport 'I'own Records, vol. I., p. 40. 

^ Will dated July 8, 1808, and proved March 10, 1814. 



SHIP-YARDS, SHIP OWNERS AND SHIP BLULDERS 451 

Shore in your Boat at either, and if on enquiry you should find Sufficient 
encouragement to do your Business there I would have you Sollicit ad- 
mittance. In doing this be carefull not to violate any Commercial Laws, 
and before you determine where to sell, be particular in your Enquiries 
with respect to Port, and other charges which frequently vary so much 
as to become an Important consideration in determining the Port of De- 
livery. By the Last accounts from the West Indies lumber was not so 
high at Windward as at the Leeward, say ^8, 9s at the one, and about 
twelve at Hispaniola, therefore if it should not be higher than it now is 
at Windward on your arrival, I would have you go down to the Mole or 
some Port in the West Indies and there sell. It will be difficult for you 
to get into the Cape, therefore I would not advise a Trial, unless you 
should hear that it can be effected, with more ease than at present. The 
net proceeds of the Goods are to be invested in the produce of the West 
Indies, say Molasses, Sugar, and Coffee, observing to take as much of 
the former as may be necessary for Ballast and if you should Load where 
it can be obtained, or if you should Load at an English Island, as much 
Salt as may be convenient, and the principal part of what remains, in 
good Rum — you'll get what freight you can to fill up the Ship, and as 
soon as your Business is compleated, proceed with her to Richmond in 
James River. On your arrival deliver the Cargo to Messrs. Samuel 
Paine & Co., and then receive from them as many hogsheads of good 
tobacco and as many Staves as the Ship will Stow. In Loading this 
Article be carefull not to Injure the hogsheads, and not to break any for 
vStowage unless absolutely necessary. This being done, proceed to 
Cowes in England, where you will find Letters Lodged for you from my 
Friends Luke, Son & Eraser under whose direction you are to put your- 
self entirely unless otherwise ordered by me. At the Port of Delivery 
they will sell the Ship if they can obtain a Price equal to her value (in 
which case you'll get rid of your People on the best Terms you can make) 
or they will send you back to America either with Salt or with a Freight. 
In every port you will make the greatest Dispatch in your power, partic- 
ularly in the West Indies, and keep this always in mind, that unless the 
Strictest Frugality is observed, the most successful markets and best 
Freight will not support navigation at this time. Whatever is necessary 
for the Ship and comfortable for the people I am willing to pay for, but 
further than that I shall not allow on a final Settlement of Accounts. 
This I have and shall mention to every master in my employ. The Ship 
is Insured to her value in London therefore if any accident .should take 
place, conduct with caution, & acquaint Luke, Son & Eraser with 
whatever Occurs. You will be passing from the West Indies to Virginia 
at a Season when very heavy Gales may be expected off Cape Hatteras, 
but to prevent any Damage from them I dare say you will take every 
precaution. Acquaint me in London, and my Agents in Newburyport 



452 



HIS TOR Y OF NE WB 1 7? YPOR T 



with all your proceedings, and from the West Indies be particular in 
writing to Mr. Paine of Virginia. 

For your Trouble and Service I will allow you Three pounds 6/8 — 
p month, Five p cent on your Sales and Two and an half on what you 
purchase, and from \'irginia and back whatever is Customary in Boston 
which you will be informed of by Mr. Chapman. 

I wish you a good voyage and am Your mo. ob. Servant 

Nathamel Tracv. 

Captain David Coates ? », i 

,, ,. , ,, ■ Newburvport. 

Mr. Saml. Cazneau \ -^ 

Joseph Chapman, Boston.' 

From 1784 to 1794, the number of vessels arriving; in New- 
buryport from Guadaloupe, Port au Prince, St. Martins, Suri- 
nam, and Martinico witli cargoes of molasses, sugar, coffee, or 
bags and bales of C(^tton, was unusually large, and ships from 
Madeira with wine, from Tmk's island or Cadiz with salt, 
from Ireland with linen, from Rotterdam with gunpowder, 
from Dunkirk with earthenware and carpeting, from Bilboa 
with silk handkerchiefs, silk gloves, and glass ware, were 
frequently reported by the custom-house officials. - 

Owing to the claim made by the proprietors of the town of 
Newbury to the landing place near what is now Market square 
and the legal controversy that followed, the middle ship-yard, 
so called, was unoccupied during the Revolutionary war. At 
a meeting of the inhabitants of Newburyport held April 30, 
1787, the petition of Stephen Sweazey and others for liberty to 
build a ship " at the public landing near the Rev"^ Mr. Gary's 
meeting house formerly improved for that pm'pose by Messrs. 
Woodbridge and others " was presented, to which the town 
made answer as follows : — 

Whereas it is the opinion of the Town that they have no legal right to 
grant the leave prayed for in the petition referred to in the warrant, yet 
as they are of the opinion that the building of a ship at this time maybe 
of extensive advantage and it appearing to them that the place mentioned 
in the petition will be a convenient place for that purpose : — Voted that 
this Town will make no objection to the building of a ship at the said 

1 Commodore Tucker Papers, vol. II., p. 250 (Harvard University library). 
" Records kept by Michael Hodge, surveyor, now in the possession of the New- 
buryport Marine society. 



SHIP-YARDS, SHIP OWNERS A.VD SHIP BUILDERS 453 

place, nor prosecute or encourage any prosecution against the petitioners 
or builders for so doing.' 

Ralph Cross, who owned a ship-yard near the lower long 
wharf, died January 4, 1788. His grandson, William Cross, 
bought, April 16, 1789, a lot of land near the foot of Merrill's 
lane, now Merrill street, bounded northeasterly by the Merri- 
mack river, southwesterly by Merrimack street and southeast- 
erly by a landing place two rods wide, which he subsequently 
occupied as a ship-yard.- In 1798, in company with Thomas 
M. Clark, he built, under the supervision of William Hackett 
of Salisbury, in the yard " near Rev. Mr. Cary's meeting 
house," in Newburyport, the ship Merrimack for the United 
States government. 3 He also built, in 18 13, in company with 
Orlando B. Merrill, the sloop-of-war Wasp at a yard near 
Moggaridge's point in the town of Newbury .•♦ One of the 
last vessels built by Mr. Cross in his yard at the foot of Mer- 
rill street was the brig Rapid, launched in 1823, owned by 
Capt. John N. Cushing, Nicholas Johnson and others. 

In 1 8 10, twenty-one ships, thirteen brigs and one schooner 
were built on the Merrimack river,^ and the merchants of 
Newburyport owned at that date forty-one ships, forty-nine 
brigs, four barks and fifty schooners.^ May i, 1820, a fleet 
of more than forty vessels, detained for a week or ten days by 
easterly winds, sailed from Newburyport about twelve o'clock. 

We believe our river never was whitened with so much canvas at one 
time as was spread yesterday noon ; it was a delightful sight.'' 

In 185 I, when a part of the town of Newbury was annexed 
to Newburyport, the ship-yards below South, now Bromfield, 
street and above North, now Oakland, street were included 
within the territorial limits of the last-named town. The yard 
below South street, owned and occupied by John, David and 

' Newburyport Town Records, vol. I., p. 487. 

^ Essex Deeds, book 150, leaf 63. 

■* See chapter III., pp. 1 1 i-i 14. 

^ History of Newl)ury (Currier), p. 488. 

'" Newburyport Herald, January i, 181 1. 

^ Newburyport Herald, January 18, 181 1. 

' Newburyport Herald, May 2, 1820. 



454 



HIS TOR Y OF NE IV B UR YPOR T 



Gideon Woodwell, was abandoned soon after that date, but 
many famous merchant and chpper ships were built in the 
yards above North street previous to 1885. 

' The Dreadnaught, one of the famous ships of the nineteenth 
century, was built in the yard at the foot of Ashland street 
by William Currier and James L. Townsend for Gov. E. 
D. Morgan, Francis B. Cutting, David Ogden and others of 
New York, under the supervision of Capt. Samuel Samuels, 
who had command of her for nearly ten years. She was 
launched October 6, 1853, and sailed on the third day of No- 
vember following for New York in tow of steam-tug Leviathan. 
She was employed for many years in the North Atlantic trade 
between New York and Liverpool. - 

She was never passed in anything over a four-knot breeze. She was 
what might be termed a semi-chpper, and possessed the merit of being 
able to bear driving as long as her sails and spars woukl stand. By the 
sailors she was nicknamed the " Wild boat of the Atlantic " while others 
called her the " Flying Dutchman." Twice she carried the latest news 
to Europe slipping in between the steamers." 

In i860, she made the voyage from Sandy Hook to Queens- 
town in the unequalled sailing time of nine days and thirteen 
hours. She was readily recognized at sea by a conspicuous 
red cross painted on her fore-top-sail. Yankee sailors sang 
her praises when stormy winds were blowing and the ship was 
outward bound : — 

There's a saucy wild packet and a packet of fame, 
She belongs to New York, and the Dreadnaught's her name, 
She is bound to the eastward where stormy winds blow, 
Bound away in the Dreadnaught to the eastward we go. 

Oh ! the Dreadnaught's a howling down the Long Island shore 
Capt'n Samuels will drive her as he's oft done before. 
With every stitch drawing aloft and alow 
She's a Liverpool packet, Lord God, see her go. 

For the homeward voyage the song was slightly modified, 
but the sentiment remained substantially the same : — 

' From theForecastle to the Cabin (Samuels), p. 250. 



456 HIS TOR y OF NE W B UR YPOR T 

There is a crack packet — crack packet o' fame, 
She hails from Noo York an' the Dreadnaught's her name, 
You may talk o' your fliers, — swallow tail and Black Ball, — 
But the Dreadnaughfs the packet that can beat them all. 

Now the Dreadnaught she lies in the river Mersey 
Because of the tug boat to take her to sea ; 
But when she's off soundings you shortly will know. 
She's the Liveipool packet, — O, Lord let her go ! 

Now the Dreadnaught she's howlin" crost the Banks o' Newfoundland 
Where the water's all shallow and the bottom's all sand, 
Sez all the little fishes that swim to an' fro. 
She's the Liveq^ool packet, — O Lord, let her go!' 

The Dreadnaught, under the command of Captain Mayhew, 
sailed from Liverpool for San F'rancisco April 6, 1869, and 
was wrecked (^n Cape Penas, near the island of Terra del 
Fuego, on the fourth day of July following. - 

In addition to the clipper ships built in Newburyport, after 
the discovery of gold on the Pacific coast, a large number of 
merchant vessels of great carrying capacity were built for the 
East India and China trade. Many of these vessels were cap- 
tured and destroyed by Confederate cruisers during the Civil 
war ; some were sold to German and Norwegian merchants ; 
a few, still sailing under the American flag, are employed in 
the coal and lumber trade on the Pacific coast. 

The ship Whittier, built by John Currier, Jr., was launched 
January 14, 1869. She was named in honor of the Quaker 
poet. In answer to an invitation to attend the launching 
Mr. Whittier replied as follows : — 

1 am sorry that the state of my health will not permit me to avail 
myself of thv kind invitation to witness the launching this morning of the 
good ship in which 1 feel more than a nominal interest. I hope the 
Merrimack will give her a kindly welcome to her proper element. If my 
prayers were but those of a righteous man, that " avail much," she should 
have none but prosperous voyages. In the course of my life, I have 
done something in the seafaring line, as well as in Spanish castles, but 
unfortunately my ships rarely come to port. It is a satisfaction, there- 
fore, to feel that I have now an interest in a stauncher craft, substantial 
as oaken ribs and copper bolts can make her.- 

^ Captain Courageous (Kipling), p. 113. 

2 Life and Letters of John G. Whittier, vol. IL, p. 541. 



SHIP-YAKDS, SHIP OWNERS AND SHIP BUILDERS 457 

The following stanzas, published several years previous to 
the launching of this ship, were written to express the appre- 
ciation of the poet for the ship-builders art and are here quoted 
as a suggestive and appropriate introduction to the half-tone 
print on the next page. 

Where'er the keel of our good ship 

The sea's rough field shall plough, 
Where'er the tossing spars shall drip 

With salt-spray caught below ; 
That ship must heed her master's beck, 

Her helm obey his hand, 
And seamen tread her reeling deck 

As if they trod the land. 

Her oaken ribs the vulture beak, 

Of Northern ice may peel ; 
The sunken rock and coral peak 

May grate along her keel ; 
And know we well the painted shell 

We give to wind and wave, 
Must float, the sailor's citadel, 

Or sink, the sailor's grave ! 

Ho ! strike away the bars and blocks, 

And set the good ship free ! 
Why lingers on these dusty rocks 

The young bride of the sea ? 
Look ! how she moves adown the grooves, 

In graceful beauty now ! 
How lovely on the breast she loves 

Sinks down her virgin prow ! 

God bless her ! wheresoe'er the breeze 

Her snowy wing shall fan, 
Aside the frozen Hebrides, 

Or sultry Hindostan ! 
Where'er in mart or on the main, 

With peaceful flag unfurled, 
She helps to wind the silken chain 

Of commerce round the world ! 

During the Civil war the gunboat Marblehead, 529 tons 
register, and the steamer Ascutney, 1040 tons register, were 
built by George W. Jackman, Jr., for the United States 



SHIP- YARDS, SHIP OWNERS AND SHIP BUIIDERS ^59 

government. In 1866, he built for a company of Boston 
merchants the steamship Ontario, 3000 tons register, and in 
1867 the steamship Erie, of the same tonnage, for the same 
company. 

At that date, most of the ship-yards in active operation were 
located between Jefferson and Oakland streets. The names 
of the principal ship builders and the vessels built by them 
before and after the annexation of a part of Newbury to New- 
buryport will be found in the following lists. 

Ship building continued active and prosperous until 1883, 
when the ship Mary L. Gushing was launched from the yard 
of John Currier, Jr. She was the last square-rigged vessel 
built in the state of Massachusetts, although several large 
schooners have been built in Newburyport since that date. 

VESSELS BUILT BY WU.LIAM CURRIER AND JAMES L. TOWNSEND UNDER 
THE FIRM-NAME OF CURRIER & TOWNSEND.' 

Ship-yard on Merrimack street at the foot of Ashland street.- 

347 tons 

399 " 

896 " 

250 " 
260 " 
1 70 " 

493 " 

108 " 

570 " 

600 " 

187 " 

467 " 

666 » 

665 " 

547 " 

' Messrs. Currier & Townsend probably built several vessels not named in this 
list, but the fact cannot l)e ascertained beyond a reasonable doubt ; and some of the 
iiaines and dates are not recorded at the custom house and may be incorrect. 

Owing to financial embarrassment the firm was dissolved in 1856. Mr. Town- 
send built and launched in 1857 the ship Victory, of 1300 tons register, in the 
sliip-yard at the foot of Ashland street. lie removed to East Boston in February, 
1865, and there in company with Silvanus Smith, under the firm-name of Smith 
& Townsend, was engaged in building vessels until 1S81. 

- This yard was in the town of Newbury until the year 1851 ; since that date it 
has been within the limits of the city of Newburyport. 



1 


Bark Talisman b 


uilt in 1843 


-7 


Ship Rambler 


" ■■^44 


3 


" St. Patrick 


" 1844 


4 


Bark Edward Koppisch 


" 184s 


5 


" Angola 


" 1845 


6 


Brig Monseratte 


" 1845 


7 


Ship Harvard 


" 1S45 


8 


Sch. Mary C. Ames 


" 1845 


9 


.Ship Ariel 


" 1S46 


10 


" Far West 


" 1 846 


1 1 


Brig Almira 


" 1 846 


12 


Ship Tsar 


" 1847 


13 


" Amaranth 


" 1847 


14 


" Richard Cobden 


" 1847 


IS 


" Naomi 


" 1847 



4 6o HIS TORY OF NE IV B UR YP0R7 

5 87 tons 

547 " 

342 " 

369 " 

578 " 

697 " 

800 " 

290 " 

1600 " 

400 " 

435 " 

420 " 

TOOO " 

I 195 " 

I 188 " 

1073 " 

I414 " 

300 " 

300 " 

500 " 

1200 " 

1245 " 

1595 " 

1284 " 

700 " 

985 " 

554 " 

899 " 

610 " 

800 " 

800 " 

897 " 

650 " 

350 " 

950 " 
1033 " 

VESSELS liUILT liY WILLIAM CURRIER. 

Ship-yard on Merrimack street at tlie foot of Ashland street. 

1 Bark Armenia built in 1859 326 tons 

2 " Good Hope " i860 450 " 

3 " Sea Bride " 1861 400 " 

' 'Ihe Alma was sold previous to leaving Newburyport and her name probably 
changed to Arthur. 



16 


Ship Raduga 


built in 1848 


17 


" 


Buena Vista 


" 1848 


18 


Ba 


rk Crusoe 


" 1849 


19 


" 


Lyman 


" 1849 


20 


Sh: 


ip Scargo 


" 1849 


21 


" 


Florida 


" 1849 


22 


" 


Art Union 


" 1850 


23 


Bark Dragon 


" 1850 


24 


Ship Racer 


" 1851 


25 


" 


Memnon 


" 1 85 I 


26 


" 


Irah Perry 


" 1852 


27 


" 


Lancer 


" 1852 


28 


u 


Russell Sturgis 


" 1852 


29 


" 


Highflyer 


" 1853 


30 


" 


Constitution 


" 1853 


31 


» 


Jabez Snow 


" 1853 


32 


" 


Dreadnaught 


" 1853 


33 


Ba 


rk May Queen (?) 


" 1853 


34 


" 


Arrow 


" 1854 


35 


" 


Alma ' 


" 1854 


36 


Shi 


ip Troubadour 


" 1854 


37 


" 


Commonwealth 


" 1854 


38 


" 


Driver 


" 1854 


39 


" 


Free Trade 


" <854 


40 


" 


Eloisa de Valparaiso 


" 1854 


41 


" 


Brewster 


" 1855 


42 


" 


Courier 


" 1855 


43 


" 


Old Colony 


" 1855 


44 


u 


Gallego 


" 1855 


45 


" 


John Wills 


" 1855 


46 


" 


Grace Gordon 


" 1855 


47 


" 


East Indian 


" 1856 


48 


Bark Algonquin 


» 1856 


49 


" 


Swallow 


" 1856 


50 


Shi 


ip Eddystone 


" 1856 


51 


" 


Reina del Oceana 


" 1857 



SHIP-YARDS, SHIP OWNERS AND SHIP Bl'IIDKRS. 461 



4 


Bark Paramount 


built in 1862 


5 


" Burnside 


" I S62 


6 


" Naples 


" 1864 


7 


Ship Mary Alice 


" 1 864 


8 


Bark Kearsarge 


" i86q 


9 


Ship Calumet 


" 1865 



VESSELS BUILT BY JOHN CURKIEK, 

Ship-yard on Merrimack court.' 



JR. 



I 


Ship 


Brenda 


built in 1 83 1 


2 


" 


Republic 


" '•'^32 


3 


Bark Oberlin 


" 1.^33 


4 


Ship 


Newburyport 


" 1.^34 


5 






St. Clair 


" i«34 


6 






Leanore 


" 1S35 


7 
8 






Columbus 
Talbot 


» 1836 

" 1S37 


9 






Flavio 


" ••^3^ 


10 






Navigator 


" I '^38 


1 1 






Huntress 


" I '^39 


12 




( 


Strabo 


" if^39 


13 


" 


Rosalind 


" 1 840 


14 


Sch. 


Petrel 


" 1 840 


15 


Ship 


Virginia 


" 1 840 


16 


Bark Wessacumcon 


" 1 84 1 


17 


Ship 


Farwell (James D.) 


" 1841 


18 


" 


Augustine Heard 


" 1842 


'9 


" 


Pacific 


" 1843 


20 


u 


Amity 


" '.^43 


21 


'" 


Java 


" 1.S44 


n "7 


" 


Brutus 


" '844 


23 


Bark Fredonia 


" 1845 


24 


Ship 


Huguenot 


" i'S45 


25 


" 


Roman 


" 1846 


26 


" 


John Currier 


" 1846 


27 


" 


Lebanon 


" 1847 


28 


" 


Fanchon 


" I '^47 


29 


" 


Nestorian 


" 1847 


30 


" 


Franchise^. 


" 1848 


31 


" 


Charles Hill 


" 1849 


32 


" 


Castillian 


" 1849 


33 




" 


Clarissa Currier 


" 1850 



500 tons 
416 
826 
700 
1000 
942 



375 tons 

397 " 

350 " 

330 " 

422 " 

375 " 

597 " 

622 » 

635 " 

414 " 

543 " 

437 " 

402 " 

. ^72 " 

.409 " 

325 " 

700 " 

497 " 

517 " 

502 " 

543 " 

546 " 

855 " 

899 " 

642 " 

68 1 " 

682 " 

924 " 

690 " 

705 " 

705 " 

993 " 

993 " 



^ This yard was in the town of Newbury until 1851, when it was annexed to, and 
now forms a part of, the city of Newburyport. 




-iT CO 



a^tic 



SHIP-YARDS, SHIP OWNERS AXD S///J' BUILDERS. 46 



34 


Sir 


ip Inez 


built in 1S5 1 


35 


Bark Hesper 


" .85. 


36 


Ship Parthenia 


" 1852 


37 


" 


Howadji 


" 1852 


38 


" 


Guiding Star 


" 1S53 


39 


" 


John N. Gushing 


" 1853 


40 


" 


\'olant 


" 1853 


41 


" 


Sonora 


" 1853 


42 


" 


Merrimac 


" 1854 


43 


" 


Mercury 


" '854 


44 


" 


Oliver Putnam 


" 1854 


45 


" 


Gleaner 


" 1854 


46 


" 


Moses Davenport 


" <854 


47 


" 


Lawrence Brown 


" 1855 


48 


a 


Lyra 


" '855 


49 


a 


George West 


" 1855 


50 


" 


Blondel 


" >855 


51 


u 


Indus 


" 1856 


52 


" 


Blandina Dudley 


" 1856 


53 


u 


Grown Point 


" 1856 


54 


u 


Sarah Newman 


" >857 


55 


" 


Josiah L. Hale 


" 1857 


56 


" 


Elizabeth Gushing 


" 1857 


57 


" 


Black Hawk 


" 1857 


58 


" 


Star of Peace 


" 1858 


59 


" 


Gaspee 


" 185S 


Co 


" 


John Porter 


" 1859 


61 


" 


Lucretia 


" 1859 


62 


" 


Charles H. Lunt 


" 1859 


^•3 




Albert Gurrier 


" 1859 


r,4 


" 


Jacob Horton 


" 1 S60 


^'5 


" 


Glendower 


" 1 860 


66 


" 


Ken more 


» 1861 


67 


» 


Whampoa 


" 1861 


6,S 


" 


Rangoon 


" 1 862 


69 


" 


Winona 


" 1862 


70 


" 


Valparaiso 


" 1863 


71 


" 


Longwood 


" T863 


72 


" 


Winged Hunter 


" 1 864 


73 


" 


Sapphire 


" 1 864 


74 


" 


Elcano 


" 1 864 


75 


" 


Tennyson' 


" 1865 


76 


u 


Montana 


" 1 865 



705 tons 

414 " 

857 " 

650 " 

904 " 

671 " 

896 " 

708 " 

I 105 " 

779 " 

1020 " 

976 " 

904 " 

795 " 

795 " 

1071 " 

630 " 

800 " 

873 " 

1 1 00 " 

899 " 

1007 " 

795 " 

941 " 

941 " 

856 " 

997 " 

850 " 

997 " 

1000 " 

1 1 49 " 

1092 " 

1099 " 

1 143 " 

1144 " 
1148 " 
1158 " 
1179 " 
1 1 89 " 
1204 " 
1 2 10 " 
[246 " 
1 269 " 



The ship Tennyson sailed from Newlniryport June 21, 1865, for Bangor, 



464 




HISTORY OF NE 


WB L'RYi 


11 


Ship 


United States luiil 


t in 1866 


7'S 


u 


Garden Reach 


» 1867 


79 


" 


Augusta 


" 1 868 


^0 


" 


Monte Rosa 


" 1 868 


81 


" 


Whittier 


" 1869 


82 


" 


Importer 


" 1869 


«3 


" 


f>anconia 


" 1871 


84 


" 


Nearchus 


" 1872 


85 


« 


Victoria 


" 1873 


86 


" 


Thomas Dana 


" i'^73 


87 


" 


Radiant 


" i'V4 


88 


" 


G. C. Trufant 


" 1874 


89 


" 


Harmonia 


" 1874 


90 


a 


Big Bonanza 


" 1875 


91 


" 


Daniel I. Tenney 


" 1875 


92 


" 


Farragut 


" 1876 



I 3 1 4 tons 

974 
1326 

1337 
1295 
1269 
1312 

T287 

1349 
1445 

1607 
1502 

1497 
1472 
1686 
1548 

Maine, and frnui thence to England with a cargo of lumber. The following 
verses by Richard S. Spofford, Jr., were published in the Newburyport Herald on 
the twenty-sixlh day of June. 

Named fitly, noble ship, art thou, 

The Laureate of the sovereign sea, 
Thou wear'st on shapely stern and prow 

His Muse's matchless symmetry. 

As some divine conception glides 

Upon the current of his song; 
So thou dost o'er the swelUng tides 

In grace and beauty move along. 

What time the freshening breeze inspires. 

Thy form with energies sublime, 
And vocal with T'^olian lyres 

Thou striv'st to concpier space and time. 

All charm of motion, all delights 

Of gazing eye and listening ear, 
With sounds melodious, and with sights. 

Entrancing, mark thy proud career. 

Oh angry winds and waves be calm ! 

Oh Fate supreme propitious be ! 
And shield their lives from every harm 

Who, sea-ward faring, trust in thee. 

And, thou, oh stately thing, pursue 
O^er ocean deeps thy destined track, 

And give, in other lands, to view 
The glories of our Merrnnac. 

But come again, when summer owns. 

As, now, her most effulgent hours. 
And bring the wealth of brighter zones 

To beautify these homes of ours. 

So shall the Poet's praise and thine 

Blend sweetly on admiring lips. 
He, master of the art divine. 

And thou, the Paragon of ships. 



SHIP-YARDS, SHIP OWNERS AND SHIP BUILDERS. 465 



93 Ship Jabez Howes built in 1.S77 

C)4 " Frank N. Thayer " iSjS 

95 " W. H. Lincuhi " 18S1 

96 " John Currier " 18X2 

97 " Mary L- Cushint^ " 1 883 



164S tons 
1647 " 

1727 " 
1847 " 

1575 " 




SUIl' JOHN CUKRIKK (Hl'U.r IN 1SS2) AND U.S. CABLK bTKAM EK KESIOKKh , 
IN HONOLULU llAKBOK, lUI Y II, I905.' 



VESSELS BUILT I'.V (lEORCiE W. JACKMAN, JR. 

Ship-yard on Merrimack street at foot of Forrester street. ^ 

525 tons 

525 " 

550 " 

725 " 

100 " 

520 " 

820 " 

I I 70 " 

1 060 " 

1060 " 

1050 " 
1070 " 

1051 " 
1040 " 

330 " 

' From a photograph taken in Honoluhi by Mrs. Frank Alley of Newburyport. 
^ This yard was in the town of Newbury until 1 85 1 , when it was annexed to and 
included within the limits of the city of Newburyport. 



I 


Bark 


Hollander 


built 


in 1850 


'-y 


Ship 


Arab 




' 1850 


3 


Bark Annie Buckman 




1850 


4 


Ship 


Hussar 




' 1851 


5 


Sch. 


Lydia 




' 185. 


6 


Bark Falcon 




' 1852 


■7 
8 


Ship 


Whistler 
Starr Kin<( 




' 1853 
' 1854 


9 


" 


War Hawk 




' 1855 


10 
1 1 


u 
(1 


Charmer 
Black Prince 




' 185s 
' 1856 


12 


" 


Darint^ 




' 1856 


13 


u 


Reynard 




' 1857 


14 


" 


Renown 




' 1858 


^5 


Bark Said 15in Sultan 




' 1858 



466 



II I ST OR Y OF NE WB UR ] 'FOR T 



i6 

17 
iS 

19 



-J 

24 

26 



Ship Fear Not 
Bark Nabob 

U. S. Gunboat Marblehead 
II. S. Steamer Ascutney 
Bark A. N. Franklin 
Brig Newbury 
Ship Nonantum 
Steamship Ontario 

" ]Orie 
Ship Exporter 

" Reporter 

" Landseer 



built in 



1.S60 
1861 
1862 
1863 
1863 
1863 
I 864 
1 866 
1867 

■■^73 
1874 

1874 



1012 tons 

530 " 

529 " 

1040 " 

425 " 

220 " 

1075 " 

3000 " 

3000 " 

1370 " 

1352 " 

1421 " 



VESSELS I'.UILT 1!V EI5EN MAXSON. 

Ship-yard on Merrimack street at the foot of Oakland street. 



1 


Sch. Amelia 


2 


" Golden West 


3 


Bark Naiad Queen 


4 


Sch. Fearless 


5 


Bark Sam Slick' 


6 


" Golden Rule' 


7 


Sch. Flying Cloud' 


8 


" Helen Young' 


9 


" Enchantress 


10 


" Lola Montez 


1 1 


" Edward Lameyer 


12 


" Prioress 


'3 


Bark Jehu 


14 


Ship Sarah Chase 


15 


" Albert Edward 


16 


" Edith 


1 7 


" Port Law- 


18 


Sch. Eustis- 


19 


Ship Bennington- 


20 


Brig Mary Plumer - 


21 


" Lizzie H. Kimball 


n 


Sch. Lottie E. Cook 


23 


" Ocean Pearl 


24 


Martha Pike 



built in 



832 
852 
853 
«53 
854 

854 
854 

S54 
858 

858 
859 
859 
859 
860 
860 
862 
864 
864 
86s 
866 
866 
866 
866 
867 



1 30 tons 

144 " 

325 " 

140 " 

372 " 

280 " 

48 " 

48 " 

165 - 

105 " 

185 " 

40 " 

388 " 

588 " 

845 » 

I I 70 " 

1280 " 

270 " 

1320 " 

275 " 

325 " 



1^,6 



' The barks Sam Slick and (loklen Rule and the schooners Flying Cloud and 
Helen Young were built by Elien Manson and William Fernald under the firm- 
name of Manson & P'ernald. 

■^ Benjamin Davis, Jr., was associated with Mr. Man.son in building the ships 
Port Law and Bennington, the schooner Eustis and the brig Mary Plumer. 



SHIP- YARDS, SI/IP Oll^.V£RS .4.VD SHIP BUILDERS 



467 



25 


Brig 


Tula 


built 


in I 867 


26 


Sch. 


Edward Burnett 




■ I sriS 


27 




Hattie K. Smitli 




• 1 869 


28 




\'ictor 




' 1870 


29 




Mary Burdett 




' 1870 


30 




Miantanomah 




' 1872 


31 




Cecil- 




' 1-^73 



220 


tons 


270 




145 




225 




230 




77 




174 





VESSELS BUILT BY CHAS. H. CURRIER, GEORGE E. CURRIER AND JOHN 
CURRIER, 3RD, UNDER THE FIRM-NAME OF CHAS. H. CURRIER & CO. 

Ship-yard on Merrimack street at the foot of Ashland street. 



I 


Sch. Sarah \Voodl)rid<;e 


2 


Brig Tiniandra 


3 


Bark C^ermantown 


4 


Sch. Charmer 


5 


Bark Persia 


6 


" Abdel Kader 


7 


Sch. Hortensia 


8 


Bark Schamyl 


9 


Sch. K. H. Hatfield 


10 


Ship Mary Warren 


1 1 


(ieorge Warren 


12 


Bark J. H. Bearson 


13 


Ship Timour 


14 


Bark Signal 


15 


" Metis 


16 


" Agate 


17 


" Esse.x 


18 


Sch. F. \\. Odiorne 


•9 


" Frank (i. Dow 



built in 1 857 

" 1857 

" 1 859 

" 1 -"^59 

" 1 860 

" 1 S60 

" 1 860 

" 18C1 

" 1861 

" 1 862 

" 1863 

" 1 865 

" 1 866 

" 1 867 

" 1 868 

" 1 868 

" 1870 

" 1 87 1 

" 1872 



250 tons 
173 

390 
116 

565 

420 

98 

417 

1 70 
925 
970 
420 
900 
424 
620 
649 

735 

2 S3 
411 



VESSELS BUILT BY GEORfiE E. CURRIER. 

Ship-yard on Merrimack street at the foot of Ashland street. 

500 tons 

425 " 

425 ' 

525 " 

550 " 

550 " 

675 " 

^ In 1874 Eben Manson built for John C. Tilton, in Haverhill, schooners 
Lucy May and Eliza Ann. 



I 


Sch. W. S. Jordan 




built in 1 873 


2 


" vSouth Shore 




" i«73 


3 


Bark John J. Marsh 




" 1873 


4 


Sch. W. H. Lewis 




" 1874 


5 


" W. B. Herrick 




" 1874 


6 


" Henry Withing 


ton 


" 1S74 


7 


Bark John Shepard 




" 1875 



468 



HIS TORY OF NE IV B UR YPOR 7 



8 


Bark 


Obed Baxter bui 


It in 1 876 


9 


Scow 


New Era 


" 1S76 


lO 


Bark H. G. Johnson 


" 1877 


1 1 


" 


B. \\ Hunt, Jr. 


" 1881 


12 


Sch. 


Lucie E. Friend 


" 1 8S2 


13 


" 


Ida L. Hall 


" 1 882 


14 


" 


Albert T. Stearns 


" 1 883 


15 


" 


Maud Sherwood 


" 1883 


16 


" 


James B. Pace 


" 1883 


17 


" 


Rose Estabrook 


" 1883 


18 


" 


Maggie Andrews 


" 1884 


19 


" 


J. R. Teel 


" 1889 


20 


" 


Clarence H. Venner 


" 1 890 


21 


11 


Maria 0. Teel 


" 1 890 


22 


" 


Richard S. Spofford 


" 1S90 


23 


" 


Horace W. Macomber 


" 1 890 


24 


" 


John H. Buttrick 


" 1 890 


25 


" 


John Twohy 


" I 89 1 


26 


" 


Frank Rudd 


" 1892 



916 tons 

200 " 

1080 " 

1190 " 

450 " 

473 " 

483 " 

498 " 

609 " 

618 " 

579 " 

849 " 

887 " 

1069 " 

464 " 

997 " 

596 " 

968 " 

720 " 



VESSELS BUILT BY WILLIAM B. COFFIN & CO.' 

Ship-yard, at the foot of Jefferson street, now owned by the Citizens" 
Electric Street Railway Company, and used for a power station. 



120 tons 

85 " 

85 " 

200 " 

438 " 

615 " 

210 " 

615 " 



I 


Sch 


Mariqueta built 


in 1858 


2 


u 


Lizzie Williams 


' 1859 


3 


" 


Merrimack 


' i860 


4 


» 


Henry Perkins 


' i860 


5 


Bark Star of Peace 


' 1861 


6 


" 


A. W. Stevens 


' 1863 


7 


Brig 


Veno 


' 1863 


8 


Bark Waitemata 


' 1888 



VESSELS BUILT I'.V WILIJAM I',. COFFIN. 

Ship-yard on the southeasterly side of the power station : entrance on 
Merrimack street. 



1 Ship John Harvey 

2 Brig Isis 



built in 1865 
" 1 866 



750 tons 
330 " 



^ The first vessel, " sch. Mariqueta," was built by William B. Coffin, Nathan- 
iel Chase, Joseph D. Coffin and Ephraim ColHns; the others by William B. 
Coffin, Nathaniel Chase and Ezra Trumbull. 



SHIP-YAKDS, SHIP OWNERS AND SHIP BUILDERS 469 



VESSELS BUII/r HV JOHN W. S. COLHV AND ENOCH P. 

Ship-yard on Merrimack street at the foot of Ashland 



LUNT. 

street. 



3 
4 
5 
6 

7 
8 

9 
10 
1 1 
12 

13 
14 
15 
16 

17 
18 

19 

20 
21 



Sch. 


Matchless bu 


lit in 1866 




Pyrola 


" 1 867 




Carrie F. Butler 


" 1867 




David J. Adams 


" 1868 




Charles A. Ropes 


" 1 868 




Annie Hooper 


" 1 869 




F. A. Smith 


" 1 869 




Ben : Perley Poore 


" 1 869 




Spring Bird 


" 1870 




Fanny Byrnes 


" 1S71 




Nellie C. Foster 


" 1871 




Cayenne 


" 1872 




Jacob J. Houseman 


" 1872 




Willie H. Lord 


" '873 




Florine F". Nickerson 


" 1874 




Jordan L. Mott 


" 1874 




Hattie L. Newman 


" 1875 




Ellie F. Long 


" 1876 




Ella M. Johnson 


" 1876 




San Bias 


" 1876 




Josie Johnson 


" 1877 


Str. 


Kitty Boynton 


" '877 


Sch. 


Jennie Seaverns 


" 1 880 



90 

135 
92 
103 
103 
103 
117 

120 

125 
103 
125 

130 
150 

134 

90 

191 

45 
150 

51 

150 

5' 

44 
106 



VESSELS BUILT BY B. F. ATKINSON AND JOHN T. FILLMORE. 

Ship-yard on Merrimack street at the foot of Titcomb street. 



I 


Ba 


rk Sarah E. Kingsbury built in 1869 


2 


" 


Escort 


" 1S70 


3 


" 


Harvester 


" 1S71 


4 


" 


James G. Pendleton 


" 1872 


5 


" 


Wakefield 


" 1873 


6 


" 


Susan Gilmore 


" 1874 


7 


" 


Edward Kidder 


" 1874 


8 


u 


Albert Russell 


" 1875 


9 


Sh 


p Brown Brothers 


" 1875 


10 


Bark Haydn Brown 


" 1876 


1 1 


a 


WiUiam Hales 


" 1 876 


12 


" 


Abbie Carver 


" 1877 


•3 


" 


Harvard 


" 1878 


14 


Ship Mc'Lauren 


" 1879 



520 toi 


636 ' 


780 ' 


938 " 


904 " 


1204 " 


1014 " 


762 " 


1493 " 


864 " 


875 " 


983 " 


981 " 


1312 " 



470 



IHSTOR y OF NE IVBCRYPOR 7 



•5 


Sch. 


Cox and (ireen Iiuill 


in iSSi 


16 




Kva L. Ferris 


1881 


17 




Benjamin Hale ' 


' 1 882 


i8 




Charles C. Dame 


' 1 882 


19 




Albert H. Cross 


' 1883 


20 




W. C. French 


' i«83 


21 




Warren Moore 


' 18H3 


^ -7 




John C. Cre.uory 


' 1884 


-3 


Bark 


Adam W. Spies 


' 1884 


24 


Sch. 


Mary A. Trundy 


' 1885 



591 tons 

590 " 

597 " 

567 " 

340 " 

387 " 

421 " 

360 " 

1 171 " 

404 " 



CHAPTER XIII. 

BOOKS AND NEWSPAPERS. 

" The Visions and Prophecies of Daniel," by Rev. Thomas 
Parker, printed in London, in 1646, was prol^ably the first boois. 
prepared for pubHcation in the town of Newbury, Mass.' 

In 1647, "The Temple Measured," by Rev. James Noyes, 
" teacher of the Church at Newbery in New England," and 
in 1650, " The Copy of a Letter written by Mr. Thomas 
Parker, Pastor of the Church of Newbury in New P^ngland," 
were printed for Edmmid Paxton, in London, " over against 
the Castle Tavern neer to the Doctors Commons. "- 

At the suggestion of the General Court of the colony of 
Massachusetts Bay, Rev. James Noyes composed a short cat- 
echism that passed through several editions.-^ The first one 
was printed probably as early as 1650, and later ones in 1661 
and 1676. Bartholomew Green of Boston published two edi- 
tions, one in 1694, the other in 17 14. The title-page of the 
edition printed in 1694 is reproduced on the next page from a 
copy of the catechism now in the possession of the American 
Antiquarian Society, Worcester, Mass. The edition printed 
in 1 7 14 was reprinted in the appendix to Coffin's Histcn'y of 
Newbury on pages two hundred and eighty^evep/t^wo hun- 
dred and ninety-one inclusive. William Barrett and Angier 
March, under the firm-name of Barrett & March, published 
an edition of this catechism in Newburyport in 1797.^ 

Rev. James Noyes died in Newbury October 22, 1656. 

' History of Newbury (Currier), p. 323. 

^ History of Newbury (Currier), pp. 312 and 325. 

^ [June 2, 1641.] " It is desired that the eld's would make a catachisme for 
the instruction of youth in the grounds of religion." Massachusetts Bay Colony 
Records, vol. I., p. 328. 

The title-page of the edition printed in 1797 is reproduced near the close of 
this chapter. 



A SHOUT 






5^ 



^^i^ 



CATECHISM 

Compo^d 

^ By Mr. "fma th^ojes, § 

J . Late Teacher of the C\mt\y of ,^ 

CHRIST m ^ 

NEWBURY. I 

■ in New-Eni^land. gs 

^ For the uic of fbs CbtUrcn there 



r-^ 



-. + i- . . - 

, ^ • i • • ♦ e 

•r + t I 

-«■-'- + 
I*. -J 



B O S T O N, * 

^ Printed by Barfholcme'n^ Greai Xbg^. 



e- 



BOOKS AND NEWSPAPERS 



473 



Several years after his death, " Moses and Aaron ; or the 
Rights of Church and State," written by Mr. Noyes during 
the last year of his life, was published in London with an in- 
troduction by Rev. Thomas Parker.' 

The title-page of a sermon printed in 1675, now in the Bos- 
ton Public library, reads as follows : — 

The I Necessity | of a well experienced | Souldiery | or a | Christian 
Common Wealth ought ] to be well Instructed & E.xperienced | in the 
Mihtarj'^ Art. | Delivered in a Sermon upon an Artillery | Election 
June the lotli 1675 | By J. R. | I'sl 144 | Blessed be the Lord My | 
strength which teacheth my liands to warr, and my | fingers to Fight. | 
Jer. 48. 10. Cursed be he that doth the work | of the Bord deceitfully, 
and cursed be he that | keepeth back the sword for Blood. | Cam- 
bridge I Printed by Samuel Green 1679. 

The author of this sermon was Rev. John Richardson, who 
was employed in 1673 to assist. Rev. Thomas Parker in the 
church at Newbury, and was ordained pastor iii December, 
1675.^ 

In 1 714, Rev. John Tufts, pastor of the second church in 
Newbury, now the first church in West Newbury, published 
"a very plain and easy introduction to the art of singing 
psalm tunes, with the cantus or trebles of twenty-eight psalm 
tunes contrived in such a manner as that the learner may 
attain the skill of singing them with the greatest ease and 
speed imaginable, by the Reverend Mr. John Tufts. Price 
six pence or five shillings per dozen. "^ 

This was probably the first book published in America con- 
taining tunes to be sung by note. A copy of the fifth edition, 
published in 1726, is in the Boston Public library. The title- 
page reads as follows : — 

An I Bitroduction | To the Singing | of | Psalm Tunes | In a plain 
& easy method j With | A Collection of Tunes. | In Three Parts | 
By the Rev. Mr. Tufts. | The Fifth edition | Printed from Copper 
Plates I Neady Engraven | Boston in N. E. | Printed for Samuel Ger- 
rish I at the Lower End of Corn | hill 1726. 

' History of Newbury (Currier), p. 326. 

"- See " A Third Supplementary List of American Imprints," published in 1903, 
with notes by Dr. .Samuel A. Green, librarian of the Massachusetts Historical So- 
ciety; also, History of Newbury (Currier), p. 324. 

^ History of Newbury (Coffin), pp. 1S5 and 186. 



474 ^^'^ '^^'^ ^ ' OF NE WB 1 1< ] TOR 7 

This edition has thirt}-seven tunes and also instructions 
for training the voice. Letters were engraved on the staff 
instead of the notes, Do, Re, Mi, Fa, Sol, La, and these 
letters were followed by one or more dots to indicate the 
length of time they were to be sounded as shown in the half- 
tone print on the opposite page. F without a dot, was to be 
sounded only half as long as F with one dot (P".), and F 
with two dots (F :) was to be sounded twice as long as F 
with one dot (F.). 

The eleventh edition of this work was published in 1744. 
George Hood, in his History of Music in New England, gives 
the title-page as follows : — 

An Introduction to the singing of Psalm Tunes : in a plain and easy 
method : with a Collection of Tunes : In Three Parts : By the Reverend 
Mr. Tufts : The Eleventh Edition : Printed from Copper Plates, neatly 
engraven: Boston N. E. : Printed for Samuel Gerrish 1746. 

When NewburyiM)rt was incorjiorated, in 1764, Bulkeley 
Emerson was a dealer in books and stationery in Market 
square, and Daniel Bayley sold at his house, near St. Paul's 
church, singing books and pamphlets. The title-pages of a 
few of the books jirinted for and sold by these dealers read 
as follows : — 

A New and Complete | hitroduction | to the | (irounds and Rules of 
Musick, I In two books, | Printed for and sold by Bulkeley Emerson of 
Newbury port 1 764 ' 

A New and Compleat | Introduction | to the | Grounds and Rules of 
Musick. I In Two Books | Book I | Containing the Grounds and Rules 
of Musick ; or an Introduc | tion to the Art of Singing by Note, taken 
from Thomas Walter M. A. | Book II | Containing a new and Correct 
Introduction to the (rrounds of Musick | Rudimental and Practical from 
William Tans'urs Royal Melody: The | whole being a Collection of a 
variety of the Choicest Tunes from the most approved Masters | O 
pi'aisc vf the Lortf. pii'pair voi/r ^/c7(/ To/ct\ /lis Praise in tJie great asscvi- 
hly to sing. Pf. cxLi.x. [. | l^rinted for and sold by Bulkeley Emerson 
and Daniel Bayley of Newbury, 1764 ■ 

A New and Compleat | hitroduction | To the | Grounds and Rules | 
of Musick I In Two Books | By Daniel Bayley of 

1 Essex Institute, Salem, Mass. 



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IbALM lUNES FROM THE INTRODUCTION TO SINGING KY REV. JOHN TUt IS. 



476 f^IS TORY OF NE IV B UR YPOR 7 

Newbury Port. | Engraved, Printed and Sold by Thomas Johnson in 
Brattle Street Boston i 766. 

A copy of this singing book, printed in i ^66, is in the Bos- 
ton Piibhc hbrary. It contains over fifty psahii tunes ; two 
of them, " Newbury Port " and " Exeter," are reproduced on 
the opposite page. 

"The American Harmony" was published, in two vohmies, 
by Daniel Bayley in 1769. The title-pages of these volumes 
read as follows : — 

The I American Harmony: | or, | Royal Melody Complete. | In Two 
Volumes. | Vol. 1 Containing | I A New and Correct Introduction to 
the Grounds of Musick, Rudemental, Practical and Technical. | II. A 
New and Complete Body of Church Musick, adapted to the most select 
Portions of the Book of Psalms, | of either Versions ; with many Fuging 
Chorus's, and Gloria Patris to the Whole. | III. A New and select 
Number of Hymns, Anthems, and Canons, suited to several Occasions ; 
and many of them | neuer before printed ; Set by the greatest Masters 
in the World. | The Whole are Composed in Two, Three, Four, and 
Five Musical Parts, according to the nicest Rules ; consisting of Solo's, | 
Fuges, and Chorus's correctly set in Score for Voices or Organ ; and 
fitted for all Teachers, Learners, and Musical Societies, &c. | The 
Fifth Edition, with Additions. | By William Tansur, Senior, Musico 
Theorico. | Ps. cxlix. O Praise ye the Lord, prepare your glad 
Voices: His Praise in the Great Assembly to sing | In our Great Crea- 
tor, let Isr'el rejoice ; And Children of Zion be glad in their King. | 
Ver. I. Printed and Sold by Daniel Bailey, at his House next Door to 
St. Paul's Church, Newbury-Port, 1769. | Sold also by most Booksellers 
in Boston.' 

[Title-page of second volume.] 

The I American Harmony, | or | Universal Psalmodist. | Containing | 
A Choice and Valuable Collection of Psalm and Hymn-Tunes ; Canons 
and Anthems ; with Words Adapted | to each Tune. | The whole Com- 
posed in a New and Easy Taste, for Two, Three and Four Voices; in 
the most familiar Keys | and Clifts : — Calculated to Promote and Im- 
prove this most Excellent Part of Social Worship ; and render it | both 
Useful and Delightful : in Quires, as well as in Congregations in the 
Country. | By A. Williams, Teacher of Psalmody, in London. | To 
which is added, a Variety of Favourite Hymn Tunes and Anthems ; 
Collected from the Latest and most | Celebrated Authors ; Carefully set 
in Score, and neatly Engraved. | Printed and Sold by Daniel Bayley, 



_^ y 8 HIS TOR Y OF NE IVB UK YPOR T 

at his House next Door to St. Paul's Church, Newbury-Port : — | Sold 
also by the Booksellers in Boston, i 769.' 

The eighth edition of the " American Harmony " was pub- 
hshed in 1773 and "sold by Daniel Bayley at his House 
next Door to St. Paul's Church, Newbury Port." A copy of 
this book, two volumes bound in one, printed in 1773, is in 
the Boston Public library. 

The first edition of '"The Essex Harmony " was published 
by Daniel Bayley in 1770. The title-page reads as follows : — 

The I Essex Harmony | containing a New and concise | Introduction 
to I Musick I To which is added | a choice and valuable collection | of 
Psalm Tunes Suited to the | Different Measures of Either j version 
Composed in Three and j Four Parts Carefully set in Score | by Daniel 
Bailey Philo Musico | Newbury Port, Printed and Sold by ] The Auth- 
or. Sold also By Most | Book Sellers In Boston, 1770.- 

A later editi(jn of this book has a few additional tunes and 
the following title-page : — 

The I Essex Harmony | or ] Musical Miscellany | containing in a con- 
cise and familiar manner j All the Necessary Rules of Psalmody. To 
which are annexed a variety of plain and fugeing Psalm and j Hymn 
Tunes, selected from different authors, both Ancient and Modern. | By 
Daniel Bayley } " O Praise ye the lord, prepare a new Song: and let 
all his Saints in full concert join : Ye Tribes all assemble the Feast to 
prolong : in solemn procession with musick divine "" | Newbury Port 
Printed and sold by the Author and Son, near St. Paul's Church : Where 
may be | had the Select Harmony Book of Anthems in Quarto, and a 
set of Tunes to bind in Psalm Books 17.S5. 3 

P'our years after the first edition of the Essex Harmony 
was published, Daniel Bayley advertised two new collections 
of church music for sale, described as follo\vs : — 

The I New Universal Harmony | Or A Compendium of j Church Mu- 
sick I Containing ] A Variety of Favorite Anthems, Hymn-Tunes, and 
Carols j Composed by the greatest Masters. Carefully Set in score by 
Daniel Bayley, Philo Musico \ Newbury Port | Printed and sold by the 
author. Price six shillings 1773--' 

' American Anti(|uarian Society, Worcester, Mass. The second volume is in 
ihe Essex Instilute, Salem. 

^ Boston Public library. 

" Boston Public library; Essex Institute, Salem; and American Antiquarian So- 
ciety, Worcester, Mass. 

^ A copy of this book is in the Boston Public library. The preface is dated 
"Newbury Port, January I, 1773." 



BOOKS .LVD XEWSPJPETiS 



479 



The j Gentleman and Ladies | Musical Companion : — | Containing I 
a variety of excellent Anthems, Hymns iS:c., collected from the best 
Au I thors ; with a short explanation of the rules of music. The Whole 
Correc | ted and rendered plain. | By John Stickney. I 1774. | Printed 
and sold by Daniel Bayley, Newbury Port and by most booksellers in 
New England. ' 

In 1784, a new sini;"in£;- book, or a revised edition of The 
Universal IlarnKMiy, was pul^lished under the following- 
title : — 

Select Harmony, containing in a plain and concise manner the Rules 
of Singing, chiefly by Andrew Law, A. B. to which is added a number of 
Psalm Tunes, Hymns and Anthems, from the best authors, with some 
never before published. Printed and sold by Daniel Bayley at his 
house in Newbury Port, where may be had a collection of Tunes for 
Psalm Books, — also a Collection of Anthems and Hymn Tunes, Quarto.- 

The preface to this new singing book states some facts re- 
lating to the books previously published by Daniel Bayley 
that are interesting and noteworthy. It reads as follows : — • 

THE PUBLISHER TO THE PU15LIC. 

Twenty years are now completed since I first published Singing books. 
My first publication was an abstract from Mr Walter of Boston and Mr 
Tansur of England, which were the chief singing books then known 
among us. Next I published Tansur's Royal Melody, consisting of 
Psalm Tunes and Anthems. Soon after Mr. Williams' singing Book 
made its appearance among us, I then added the principal part of that 
book which was very generally approved of, and was the first singing 
book that was ever printed in New England, done after the P^nglish 
riiethod. I then consulted the best singing masters, which I knew, and 
examined all the musical authors I could find, in order to make my pub- 
lication as agreeable as possible, and added several pieces from Stephen- 
son, Knap, Arnold, Davenport, Lyon (S:c., with some pieces which were 
composed in America. But still I find it a work very difficult, for some 
pieces of music which are much esteemed when first known, will scarce- 
ly last long enough to have them engraved upon the plates ; yet I would 
inform my musical friends and customers that I shall continue to publish 
music. 1 have now very nearly completed a collection of Anthems and 
Hymn tunes in Quano ; and purpose as soon as I can, to publish a small 
singing book, suitable for young beginners, containing such plain in- 
struction as I shall judge necessary, with a few tunes such as are the 

' Boston Public library. 

- Cjmmunication published in the Newburyport Herald November 19, 1857. 



480 HISTOR Y OF XE IV BUR YPOR T 

most common, and shall then submit it to the public, which I hope will 
receive it with their usual candor. 

I remain their very humble ser'vt 

Daniel Bayley 
Newburyi'ORT, February 23, 1784.' 

The singing book for young beginners, to which reference 
is made in the preface quoted abo\'e, was i^robably completed 
and published, wdth a collection of psalm tunes, under the 
following title : — 

The I Psalm Singer's | Assistant | Containing | I. An Introduction 
with such Di | rections for Singing as are necessa | ry for Learners. II. 
A collection of Choice Psalm | Tunes Suited to the several | Measures 
both of the Old and New Version | By Daniel Bayley | Printed for and 
sold by the Author in New | bury Port. Sold also by the Book sellers. 
[No date.] ^ 

At a later date several other books, containing psalm tunes, 
were published for Newburyport authors. One of them is 
described as follows : — 

The I Newbur3'port Collection | of | Sacred, European Musick : | con- 
sisting of I Psalm Tunes and Occasional Pieces, selected from the most 
eminent European Publica | tions, adapted to all the Metres in general 
use : I to which is prefixed | A Concise Introduction to the Grounds of 
Musick. I Exeter | Printed by Ranlet & Norris. and sold at their Book 
Store. I 1807.3 

The preface to the above-described collection of sacred mu- 
sic is dated Newburyport May 28, 1807, and the frontispiece, 
reproduced in the half-tone print on the opposite page, was 
"engraved by J. Akin for Amos Blanchard's Newburyport 
Collection of Sacred Music." 

The first American edition of the Bible, " to be printed on 
paper to be manufactured in this country," was announced in 
the columns of the Essex Gazette, published in Salem, Mass., 
December 11-18, 1770. ^ 

Subscriptions taken by John Fleming at his Printing Office in New- 
bury Street, nearly opposite the White Horse Tavern, Boston : by M'' 
Bulkeley Emerson at the Post Office in Newbury Port ; by M'' Edward 

' Newburyport Herald, November 19, 1857. 

2 Boston Public library, 

"^ Essex Institute, Salem, Mass. 




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483 HIS TOR y OF XE IVB UR I FOR T 

Weld, Merchant, near the Bunch of Grapes Tavern, in Marblehead, and 
by Samuel Hall, Printer, in Salem. 

At that date, Mr. Emerson was a bookseller as well as 
postmaster in Newburyport. The title-page of a sermon 
printed at Boston in 1771 reads as follows: — 

A I Funeral Sermon | Delivered at Newbur)- Port, Dec. 30, 1770 | Oc- 
casioned by the Death of j Mrs. Phebe Parsons | Consort of the | Rev. 
Jonathan Parsons | Minister of the Presbyterian Congregation there: — 
Who departed this life on Wednesday the 26tii Instant | in the 5511' 
Year of her Age. | By John Searl, A. M. | Pastor of the Church in 
Stoneham. | 

The sweet remembrance of the just, 

Shall flourish when he sleeps m du.st. Psal. CXII, 6. 

Boston, New England | Printed by T. and J. Fleet for Bulkelev Emer- 
son I in Newbury Port, 1771. 

Soon after Isaiah Thomas set u}) his printing" press in New- 
buryport and C()mmenced, in company with Henry Walter 
Tinges, the publication of a weekly newspai:)er, several sermons 
were printed and pttblished in pamphlet form by the firm of 
Thomas & Tinges. The title-page of one of these pamphlets, 
probably the earliest one printed in Newburyport, reads as 
follows : — 

Freedom | From Civil and Ecclesiastical Slavery the purchase of | 
Christ I A | Discourse | Offered to a numerous Assembly | On March 
the Fifth 1774 | At the Presbyterian Meeting House in New | Burv- 
Port ] By Jonathan Parsons A. M. & \'. D. M. | New Bur_v-l\.M-t, New- 
England I Printed by I. Thomas and H. W. Tinges. [S", u) pages.] ■ 

The next year a pamphlet was printed by Ezra Lunt (suc- 
cessor to Isaiah Thomas) and Henr)' W. Tinges, with the fol- 
lowing title : — 

Some I Strictures | upon the | Sacred Story I'ecorded in the | Book of 
Esther, | shewing | the Power and Oppression of State Ministers 
tend I ing to the Ruin and Destruction of Cod's People : — | And the 
remarkable Interpositions of Divine Providence, | in Favour of the 
Oppressed;! In a | Discourse,] Delivered at | NewBury-Port, North 
Meeting House, | March 8th, 1775. | In Commemoration of the Massa- 
cre at Boston, | March the Fifth, 1770. | By Oliver Noble, M. A. | And 

^ American Antiquarian Society, Worcester, Mass. 



BOOKS AND NEWSPAPERS 483 

Pastor of a Church in Newbury. | Preached at the | Request of a Num- 
ber of Respectable Cientlemen of said Town : | and now | PubHshed at 
the General Desire of the Hearers. | He disappointeth the devices of 
the crafty, | So that their hands cannot perform their enterprise. Eli- 
paz: [ And oft, supported so as shall amaze, | —Their Proudest Perse- 
cutors. Milton, I New Bury-Port, New-England : | Printed by E. Lunt 
and H. W. Tinges : | .mi:)C(LXX\'. [80, 31 p.] i 

John Mycall, in company with Henry W. Tinges, under the 
firm-name of Mycall & Tinges, published the Esse.x Journal 
and New Hampshire Packet, a weekly newspaper, in Newbury- 
port, from May, 1775, to January, 1776, and also an alma- 
nac described as follows : — 

"Bickerstaffs | New England | Almanack | For the year of our Re- 
demption, 1776. Being Leap Year. | Newbury Port | Printed and sold 
by Mycall & Tinges.' 

On the title-page of this almanac is an engraving, intended 
to represent the introduction of " Concord, Agriculture and 
the Arts to America." In 1777, John Mycall printed an al- 
manac prepared by Daniel George, a young astronomer resi- 
ding in Haverhill.- This almanac was also printed and sold 
by Draper & Phillips in Boston. After that date, until 17S4 
and perhaps later, the almanac was published annually by 
John Mycall. The title for 1778 reads as follows : — 

An I Almanack | For the year of our Lord and Savior | 1778 | Being 
the Second after Leap Year, and second of American | Independence | 
By Daniel George | Newbury l^ort, Printed and sold by John | Mycall : 
Sold also by the shop keepers in Town and | Country. Price 9 shillings 
per dozen & i do single.' 

In 1788, Bickerstaffs Boston Almanac was "Printed and 
sold Wholesale and Retail by John Mycall at Newbury Port."'-* 

1 American Antiquarian Society, Worcester, Mass. 

- Daniel George is described as a man of genius. His first almanac was pub- 
lished in Salem in 1776, when he was only seventeen years old. He was a 
cripple from infancy and was taken from house to house in a small wheel-chair, or 
carriage, by a servant employed for that purpose. He removed to Portland, 
Maine, in 17S3, and subsequently published a newspaper there. 

■* Essex Institute, Salem, Mass. 

" Copies of this almanac are in the libraries of the American Antiquarian Society, 
Worcester, and the Essex Institute, Salem, Mass. 



484 If IS TOR Y OF NE IV BUR YPOR T 

April 26, 1776, a book entitled "Common Sense | ad- 
dressed to the Inhabitants | of America,"' reprinted in Nevv- 
buryport from the Philadelphia edition, was advertised for 
sale, in the Essex Journal and New Hampshire Packet as 
follows : — 

Now in press and will be published in about a fortnight, and sold by 
Samuel Philips, Jr., of Andover, and by the Printer hereof, by the hun- 
dred, dozen, or single with good allowance to those who take a quantity. 

The titlc-pai4'e of a pamphlet printed in 1777 reads as fol- 
lows : — 

A Sermon | Preached October 5tii 1777 | in an evening lecture | in 
the I Presbyterian Church | in | Newburyport | by Abraham Keteltas A. 
M. I Newburyport | Printed by John IVIycall for Edmund Sawyer and 
to be sold at his shop in Newbury. 1777.^ 

Rev. Peter Powers was pastor of the church in Newbury, 
Vt.. and Haverhill, N. H., when the state government of 
Vermont was organized in 1778. He preached the election 
sermon on that occasion. It was printed in Newbur)'port, 
there being no printing press in the state of Vermont at that 
time. The title-page reads as follows : — 

Jesus Christ the true King and Head | of Government. | A | ser- 
mon I preached before the | General Assembly | of the | State of \'er- 
mont, I on the day of their iirst | election, | March 12, 1777, | at | Wind- 
sor. I By Peter Powers, A. AI. | Pastor of the Church in Newbury. — 
Newbury-port : | Printed by John Mycall. I77S.-5 

The report of the committee a];)pointcd at the convention 
held in Ipswich, in 1778, to consider the objections to the 
constitution proposed for the government of the state of Mas- 
sachusetts, known as " the Essex Result," was printed in New- 
buryport by John Mycall. The title-page of this report is re- 
produced in a half-tone print on a preceding page.-* 

' Essex Institute, Salem, Mass. 

- From a pamphlet now in the possession of Mr. Eugene Noyes, Amesbury, 
Mass. 

•^ Vermont State library. This sermon was preached from the text: "And Je- 
sus came and spake unto them, saying, All power is given unto me in Heaven 
and in earth." Matthew, ch. xxviii., v. 18. 

■* See chapter If., p. 63. 



BOOKS AND NEWSPAPERS. 



485 



Mr. Mycall published in 1779 two volumes of sermons 
described as follows : — 

Sixt}- I Sermons | on | Various Subjects | Ijy the late Reverend Jona- 
than Parsons, A. M. | Minister of the Presbyterian Congregation | in | 
Newburyport | In Two I'okmies | To which is prefixed a | Funeral Ser- 
mon I By the Rev. Mr Searl | Xewburvport 1 Printed by John Mycall 
for Edward | Sawver and Jonathan I'arsons of Newburv | mjjcclxxix. 

He also printed, for John Eoyle and J. D. McDougall of 
Boston the second volume of a book described as follows : — 

Letters | written by | the late Right Honorable | Phihp Dormer Stan- 
hope I Earl of Chesterfield | to | His Son | Philip Stanhope, Esq I late 
envoy extraordinary to the Court of Dresden | In two volumes | New- 
bury Port I Printed by John Mycall, for John Boyle | and J. D. McDou- 
gall of Boston I IMDCCLXXIX.' 

The first volume of these letters was printed, at or about 
the same time, in Boston, for the above-named dealers in 
books and stationery. 

During the next five or six years Mr. Mycall printed, on 
his own account or for dealers in Boston and elsewhere, the 
following-described books : — 

An I Essay | on | Man | In Four Epistles | together with the | Notes | 
By Alexander Pope, Esq: | Newbury | Printed by J. Mycall for N. 
Coverly of Boston | mocclxxx.' 

The I American | Latin Grammar | or, a complete | Introduction | to 
the I Latin Tongue | * * * | Newburyport | Printed and sold by John 
Mycall, Water Street | 1780.' 

The I Triumphs of Temper | A | Poem | In six cantos | By William 
Haley Esq | First American edition | Newburyport | Printed by John 
Mycall for Joseph H. | Seymour, engraver in Boston [No date ; preface 
dated Jan. 31, 1781]. ' 

The I Psalms | of David | Imitated in the | Language of the | New 
Testament | and applied to the | Christian State and Worship | By L 
Watts D. D. I The Fortieth Edition Corrected | and accommodated to 
the use of | the Church of Christ in America | * * * | Newburyport | 
Printed and sold by John Mycall | .mdcclxxxi. 

The I Art of Speaking | Fifth Edition | Newburyport | Printed by 
John Mycall | for William Green of Boston | MurcLxxxu.' 

' Newburyport Public library. 



486 HISTOR Y OF NE IVB URYFOH T 

A Friendly | Dialogue | In Three Parts | Between | Philalethes & To- 
letus I upon the | Nature of Duty | Newbury Port | Printed and Sold by 
John Mycall i 784.1 

The I Children's Friend | translated from the | French of M. Ber- 
quin I Volume one | Newburyport | Printed and sold bv John Mvcall | 
sold also by Isaac Beers in New Haven [no date].- 

Two [ P^riendly Letters | From | Toletus to Philalethes | or from the ] 
Rev. David Tappan | to the | Rev. Samuel Spring | Containing | Re- 
marks on the I Sentiments and Reasonings of the latter | in his Dia- 
logue I on the I Nature of Duty | Newburyport ] Printed by John My- 
call I MDCCLXXW.' 

A short I Introduction | to the | Latin Tongue | For the use of the | 
Lower Forms in the Latin School | Being the | Accidence | Abridged 
and compiled in that most easy | and accurate method wherein the | 
Famous Mr Ezekiel Cheever taught | and which he found the mostad- 
vantageous, by seventy | years experience | To which is added | a cata- 
logue of I Irregular Nouns and A'erbs | disposed alphabeticallv | The 
eighteenth edition | Printed by John M3-call for E. Battelle | and sold by 
them at their shops in j Boston and Newbury-port | mdcclxxxv.' 

Letters | to a | Young Ladv | on a variety of | Useful and Interesting 
Subjects I calculated to | Improve the Heart, Form the Manners | and | 
Enlighten the Understanding | " That our Daughters may be as pol- 
ished corners of the Temple '" | By the | Rev. John Bennet | Author of 
Strictures on Female Education | In Two A'olumes | Newburyport | 
Printed and sold by John Mj-call [no date].' 

The last-named book was printed by subscription for Rev. 
Jolm Andrews, Capt. Philip Aubin, Capt. Ofifin Boardman, 
Hannah Balch, William Bartlet, Hon. Theophilus Bradbury, 
Lucy Balch, Ca]5t. Peter LeBreton, Capt. William Coombs, 
Stephen Cross, Ralph Cross, Capt. Tristram Coffin, Dr. 
Charles Coffin, Timothy Dexter, Anthony Davenport, Hon. 
Benjamin Greenleaf, Capt. Ebenezer Hale, Thomas Wood- 
bridge Hooper, Maj. Michael Hodge, Capt. Anthony Knap, 
Richard Pike, Capt. Ebenezer Stone, Dudley A. Tyng, 
Thomas Thomas, Capt. Ebenezer W^heelwright and many 

' Newburyport Public library. 

- The second and fourth volumes of " The Children's Friend " were printed in 
Newburyport by John Mycall " for the proprietors of the Boston K lok Store, No. 
59 Cornhill Boston, "without date. The first and fourth volumes are in the Essex 
Institute, Sahm, Mass., and the second in the Newburyport Public library ; but 
the third has not been found. 



BOOKS A.VD yEIVSPA/'ENS 487 

others of Newburyport and for the following-named book- 
sellers in Boston : William Andrews, fifty copies, John Boyle, 
fifty copies, Benjamin Guild, two hundred and fifty copies, 
Samuel Hall, fifty copies, Benjamin Larkin, one hundred 
' copies, Ebenezer Larkin, fifty copies, Thomas & Andrews, 
fifty copies, David West, two hundred copies, and James 
\\'hite, fifty copies. 

March 8, 1786, the following- advertisement was published 
in the Essex Journal and New Hampshire Packet : — 

Proposals 
for Publishing a complete 
System of Arithmetic 
more comprehensive, plain and intelligible than any extant, with demon- 
strations of the several Rules, and manv other useful matters (as the 
method of making Taxes &c.) in Notes. — 

Containing 
Numeration, Addition, etc., 
By Nicolas Pike, A. M. 
It is supposed it will contain between 4 and 500 pages in large octavo. 
The public may be assured that both the Work and Execution will be 
wholly American. 

Subscriptions for the above will be received by the Author at the 
Printing-Office in Newbury-port — by Messrs. Vinal and Carter, School- 
masters, and Capt. John Stone in Boston. 

The first edition of this arithmetic was probably printed in 
1786, although no copy bearing that date has been discovered. 
The dedication reads as follows : — 

To His Excellency 

James Bowdoin, Escjuire 

Governor and Commander in Chief 

of the 

Commonwealth of Massachusetts 

and 

President 

of the 

American Acadeni}- of Arts and Sciences. 

May It Please Your Excellency: 

The Author of this System, anxious to procure for it a favourable Re- 
ception from his Fellow citizens, takes the liberty of soliciting the Honor 
of vour Excellencv's Patronage. 



488 HIS TOR V OF NE JVB UR YPORT 

As this Work is tlie first of the kind composed in America he feels 
himself entitled to the candid indulgence of the Learned in general, — 
and from your Excellency's zeal for the advancement of the sciences and 
attachment to the Republic of Letters, he rests assured that the Public 
will pardon him the ambition of inscribing vour Name to this Literary 
Attempt. 

That your Excellency may long continue the Ornament of your Coun- 
try and the Delight of your Friends is the ardent wish of 
May it Please vour Excellency 

Your Excellency's Much Obliged 
Most Obedient 
And \-ery Humble Servant 

Nicolas Pike 
Newbur^port, Commonwealth of Massachusetts, June i^t, 1786. 

The manuscript of this arithmetic, — the first one pubhshed 
in America, — was completed in 1785 and submitted by the 
author to men of prominence in pubhc hfe who responded 
with letters of commendation that were printed wnth the book. 
The title-page of the earliest edition now extant reads as 
follows : — 

A New I and | Complete Svstem | of | Arithmetic | Composed for 
the I use of the citizens | of the | United States | liv Nicolas Pike, A. M. | 
Newburyport | Printed and sold by John Mvcall | .^^)('^LXXX^'^I.' 

A printed copy of this arithmetic was sent to George Wash- 
ington, then president of the United States, who responded 
as follows : — 

Mount Vernon, June 2otii 1788. 

Sir : — I request you will accept my best thanks for your polite letter 
of the I St of January (which did not get to my hand till yesterday) and 
also for the copy of vour " Svstem of Arithmetic " which you were 
pleased to present to me 

I hope and trust that the work will ultimately prove not less protitable 
than reputable to yourself. It seems to have been conceded on all 
hands that such a system was much wanted. Its merits being established 
by the approbation of competent judges, I flatter myself that the idea of 
its being an American production, (XiuUIic first of tlw kind -n'hich has ap- 
peared^ will induce everv patriotic and liberal character to give it all the 
countenance and patronage in his power. In all events you may rest 

' Newburyport Public library; Esse.x Institute, Salem, Mass. 



BOOKS AND NEWSPAPERS. 



489 



assured that as no person takes more interest in the encouragement of 
American genius, so no one will be more highly gratified with the suc- 
cess of your ingenious, arduous and useful undertaking, than he who has 
the pleasure to subscribe himself, with esteem and regard. 

Sir, your most obedient and very 
humble servant 

G. Washington. 
Nicolas Pike, Esq.' 

October 24, 1792, the Essex Journal and New Hampshire 
Packet announced that Isaiah Thomas had purchased the 
copyright of Pike's Arithmetic and that an improved and 
abridged edition was then in press and would soon be pub- 
lished. The title-page of the abridged edition reads as fol- 
lows : — 

Abridgement | of the j New and Complete System | of | Arithmetick | 
Composed for the Use and | adapted to the Commerce | of the I Citizens 
of the United States | By Nicolas Pike, Esq. | Member of the Ameri- 
can Academy of Arts and Sciences. | For the use of Schools I and will 
be found to be | an Easy and Sure Guide to the Scholar | Printed in 
Nevvburyport by J. Mycall | For Isaiah Thomas | sold by him in Worces- 
ter I sold also by said Thomas and Andrews in Boston : and by I said 
Thomas and Carlisle in Walpole, New Hampshire | and by the Book- 
sellers in the United States ] mdccxciii.- 

The second edition of this abridgment was printed in Wor- 
cester in 1795 ; other editions were subsequently published in 
Boston and in Concord, N. H. 

In 1788 and 1789, John Mycall published the following- 
described pamphlets, and perhaps several others that have no 
date on the title-page. 

Grace and Glory | or | Heaven given only to Saints | A I Sermon I 
preached at the | Presbyterian Church j in | Newbur}-port | January 26, 
1788 I occasioned by the death of | Mr. Ralph Cross | on the 4tii of that 
month I ^tat 82 | Published by request of the Mourners | By John Mur- 
ray A. M. I Pastor of said Church | Newbur_\port | Printed by John 
Mycall.^ 

1 History of Newburyport (Mrs. E. Vale Smith), p. 327. 
- Essex Institute, Salem, Mass, 



490 



HIS TOR Y OF NE WB i ^R YPOR T 



The I Modes | of j Presbyterian Church-Worship | Vindicated I in 
a I Letter | to the | Blacksmith | By a Presbyter of Ireland | Fourth 
Edition | Prove all things, hold fast that which is Good. Speak 
every | Man Truth with his neighbours, for we are members one of i 
another, — New Testament | London printed, Newbury Port Reprinted 
by John Mycall for the Subscribers | mdcclxxxix.' 



% 



■54^,9^'. w.^- '■■'V& ■/iisr;-U9SO''iosiSi<a<i^^'. 



PRIME R, 



. 



J^^/ 



NEJfAENGLJND 



'<■ 



£N LAR G i. D .". : » J ?.l PP. O V t D ; 



(.f\ A :; r A <. ♦.' ,'. M D ? I. J: A ' A '. T » 

I 

Guide to the /ht of Heading. \ 

l 

ADO i. si; I; \. nil cu I :. % 



A I, JO THE 



CAT E C II I S M, 



'.nmn^isxsiaunDKwan 



i^' f: jr n u r r p o r r.- | 

PMNr ii; .^Nn SO! n r.Y lOliN MYCALL; a** 
"IS tHors IN Bajlcn ANb lV\.r, rjlcr. '50 



NEW KNCLAM) pkimek; '1 iti.p;-page. 

In 1790 or 1795, John Mycall published a small edition of 
the New England Primer. Copies of this edition are in the 
libraries of the American Antic[uarian Society at Worcester, 
Mass., and in the Newburyport Public library. The size and 
typographical appearance of the Primer are shown in the half- 



1 Essex Institute, Salem, Mass. 



BOOKS AND NEWSPAPERS 



491 



tone prints on this and the ()pix)site page. An edition was 
probably printed in Newburyport, at about the same time, by 
or for Samuel S. Parker. The title-page reads as follows : — 

New England j Primer, | Enlarged and Improved | Or, An Easy And 
Pleasant | Guide to the art of Reading. | Adorned witli Cuts. | Also, 
The I Catechism | New uryport | Printed Ijy Samuel .S. Parker.' 




n 



In -^tlam's Fall 
Wc finned all. 



Thy Life to Vfiend, 
This ^oo\<^ attend. 

The Cat doth play f 
And afttfr flay. 

J Dos; u'f// bite . 
A Thief at nioht. 



An .Enivlc's flight 
Is out of fivht^ 

The Idle Fool 

Is luhlpt at Jchool. 



NEW ENGLAND PRIMER; SECOND PAGE. 



Mr. Mycall published, in 1793, The Vicar of Wakefield, by 
Oliver Goldsmith, "two volumes bounded in one," and proba- 
bly printed, at about the same date, the following-described 
books for Boston booksellers : — 



1 A copy of this Primer sold at auction in New ^'ork city November 29, 1904, 
is now in the Pequot hbrary, Southport, Conn. 



492 HISTORY OF NEWBURYPORT 

The I Poetical Works | of | Peter Pindar, Esq. | A Distant Relation 
to the Poet of Thebes | To which are'prefixed | Memoirs and Anecdotes 
of I the Author | Newbui^port | Printed by John Mycall for John Boyle 
in I Marlborough Street, Boston [no date].' 

Emma Corbett | in two volumes ] The Sixth Edition | Newbur\port | 
Printed by John Mycall for | Ebenezer Battelle and William Green | 
Booksellers in Boston [no date]. ^ 

Other publishers printed and sold in Ne\vbur)'port from 
1793 to 1798, the following- described books: — 

The j \"illage Curate | A | Poem | First American Edition j Newbury- 
port I Printed and Sold by Blunt & Robinson | MDCCXcni.J 

Aphorisms on Man j translated | From the Original Manuscript j of 
the j Rev John Caspar Lavater | Citizen of Zuric ] Fifth Edition | 
Printed at Newburyport ] by George Jerry Osborne | Guttenberg's 
Head | MDCCXcni.' 

The I Death | of | Abel | in | Five Books | attempted from the | Ger- 
man of Mr [Salomon] Gesner | By Mary Colly ... j to which is added 
j The I Death of Cain | in | Five Books | Newburyport | Printed by 
Edmund M. Blunt | 1794.-* 

Belisarius | By | M. Marmontel | member of the French Academy | 
Newburyport | Printed by William Barrett | for | Thomas & Andrews, 
Boston j I 796.' i 

A I Journal | of the Captivity and Sufferings of | John Foss | several 
years a prisoner at Algiers | Second Edition | Newburyport | Printed 
by Angier March, Middle Street [no date].' 

The Interesting | Trials | of the j Pirates | for the | Murder | of | 
William Little | Captain of the Ship American | Eagle | Newbui-}-port | 
Re-printed at the Herald Press | from a late London Publication.- 

In 1797, William Barrett and Angier March, under the 
firm-name of Barrett & March, published a small edition of 
the catechism composed by Rev. James Noyes, and described 

1 Newburyport Public library, 

- Essex Institute, Salem, Mass. 

3 Newburyport Public library. The second edition of the \'illage Curate was 
published by W. & J. Gihnan, Newburyport, in iSoS. 

* A copy of this book, in the Newburyport Public library, has a counterfeit book 
plate engraved in imitation of the George Washington book plate. See American 
Book Plates by Charles Dexter Allen, pp. 93-95. 



BOOK'S AND NEWSPAPERS 493 

on page 471. The half-tone print below is taken, by permis- 
sion, from a copy of the Catechism in the Boston Public library. 
The first edition of the American Coast Pilot, compiled by 
Capt. Lawrence Furlong, was probably published in 1796 by 
Edmund M. Blunt, and sokl at his book store on State street, 



\ 


• 




■ r" * 




CATE?Cl-IIS'M. 




c M r i ! ■;) 


: )* 


Mr. J a M E '} N b YES. 




I, Ate teacher, of tuv chup.cii of 




t 




C H^R I S 1\ 


\' ■ 






i-o:'. THE t'-z Cij'ufil: cimjci^i^v Tiirai;, 




A- £ fy HURT P H T ; ; 


f 


PRINTED BY JTaSRZT-T k MjiliTT^- 




MICDLE-STRET.— 1797. 



.ifilMirr^-^ - ^ 



B*» -iki^ 



TITLE r.AGE OF THE SHORT CATECHIS.M. 



ISlewburyport, "sign of the Bible." In 1797, Mr. Blunt 
printed, for Mathew Carey of Philadelphia, " The Beauties of 
the late Reverend Dr. Isaac Watts." In 1798, he published 
the second edition of the American Coast Pilot, " sold by all 
the Booksellers and Ship Chandlers in the United States." 



494 HIS TOR V OF NE WB UR ] 'FOR T 

The third edition was pubhshed in 1800, and the sixth in 
1809. Mr. Bkmt had a printing" office on State street, where 
he printed, in addition to the above-named books, the follow- 
ing-described pamphlets : — 

A I Discourse | on the Death | of j General George Washington j De- 
livered at the North Congregational | Church in Newburyport | Decem- 
ber 29, 1799 I By Samuel Spring, Pastor ] Printed at Newburyport, bv 
Edmund M. Blunt.' 

An I Eulogy | on the life of | General George Washington | who died 
at Mount Vernon, December 14^11 1799 in the 68th | year of his age 
I Written | At the request of the citizens of Newburyport and delivered 
at I the First Presbyterian Meeting House in that town ] January 2iici 
I Soo I By Thomas Paine, A. M. | Printed at Newburj-port by Edmund 
M. Blunt iSoo.' 

He published, in 1799, the New Practical Navigator, re- 
printed from the thirteenth English edition, and the next year 
issued a second edition enlarged and improved. In 1801, he 
published an entirely new work, prepared by Nathaniel Bow- 
ditch of Salem, described as follows : — 

The New American [ Practical Navigator | By Nathaniel Bowditch | 
First Edition | Printed at Newbur\-port, Mass., iSoi | By | Edmund M. 
Blunt (Proprietor) | f^or Gushing & Appleton, Salem. - 

The New American | Practical Navigator | By Nathaniel Bowditch | 
First Edition | Printed at Newburyport (Mass.) 1S02 | By | Edmund M. 
Blunt (Proprietor) | For West & Greenleaf, Boston | Sold by every 
Bookseller, Ship Chandler, and Mathematical Instrument Maker | in the 
United States and West Indies.3 

The twenty-fourth edition of the Practical Navigator was 
published in New York in 1854 by E. and G. W. Blunt, sons 
of Edmund M. Blunt. 

The first edition of Walsh's Arithmetic was printed in New- 
buryport in 1 80 1. The title-page reads as follows : — 

A New System | of | Mercantile Arithmetic | adapted to the | Com- 
merce of the United States | in its | Domestic and Foreign Relations | 

1 American Antiquarian Society, Worcester, Ma.ss. 

2 Essex Institute, Salem, Mass. 

3 Newburyport Public library. 



BOOK'S AXD NEWSPAPERS 



495 



with I forms of accounts and other writings | usually occurring I in trade. 
By Michael Walsh, A. M. ] Itt-r est brc7'c per cxanipla. Seneca. | 
Newburyport | Printed by Edmund M. Blunt (Proprietor) | sold by 
him at No. 8 State Street and by the principal | Booksellers in the United 
States j 1801.1 

The second edition of this arithmetic was printed by Mr. 
Blunt in 1803, and the third in 1804. Other editions were 
pubHshed at a later date, the last in 1838, by Charles J. Hen- 
dee and G. W. Palmer & Co. of Boston. 

In 1 80 1, Angicr March, owner and publisher of the New- 
buryport Herald, printed a pamphlet described as follows : — 

An I Oration j Pronounced Before The | Right Worshipful Master 
and Brethren | of | St. Peter's Lodge | at the | Episcopal Church in 
Newburyport | on the | Festival of St. John the Baptist | Celebrated 
June 24111 5801 I By Brother Thomas Cary, Jr. P. M. | From the Press 
of Brother Angler March. - 

He also printed, in 1803, ''The Memoirs of Eminently 
Pious Women," abridged by Rev. Daniel Dana from the 
larger work of Doctor Gibbons of London. 

The first edition of " The Pickle for the Knowing Ones " 
was probably printed in Salem, Mass. The title-page reads 
as follows : — 

A I Pickle I for the j Knowing Ones | or | Plain Truths j in a j Home- 
spiin Dress | By Timothy Dexter, Esq. | Salem | Printed for the Author 
1S02.1 

The second edition, printed in Newburyport in 1805, has 
the following title-page : — 

A Pickle I for the | Knowing Ones j or | Plain Truths | in a | Home- 
spun Dress | by Timothy Dexter, Esq. | Second Edition | with large 
additions j Newburyport | Printed for the Author | 1805..^ 

This edition of the pamphlet has thirty-two pages, each 
seven inches long and four inches wide. Another edition 

' Essex Institute, Salem, Mass. 

2 American Antiquarian Society, Worcester, Mass. 

^ Boston I'ublic Ubrary. 



496 HIS TORY OF NE IV B UR I FOR T 

printed the same year, measurins^^ five and one-half inches long 
and three and one-quarter inches wide, has a title-page sub- 
stantially as printed above with the name of the town omitted." 
Both pamphlets, printed in 1805, have the following letter 
from W. Carlton to Timothy Dexter : — 

Sale.m, June 14, 1S05. 
My Lord Dexter, 

By the politeness of Mr. Emerson I received the very valuable con- 
tents of vour package. A new edition of that unprecedented performance 
entitled, " A Pickle for the Knowing Ones " is very urgently called for 
by the friends of literature in this country and in England — and I pre- 
sume with the additions and improvements intended to accompany the 
second edition, provided it should be well printed, would entitle the 
author to a seat in Bonaparte's Legion of Honor, — for my Lord Dexter 
is an honorable man. But, Sir the work cannot be executed for the sum 
named, — nor in the time specified, — I will print an edition of 500 copies 
with the additions for fifty dollars and cannot possibly do them for less. 

Wishing your Lordship health in peqDetuity, — a continuance of your 
admirable reasoning faculties, good spirits, and an abundance of wealth, — 
and finally a safe passage over any river, not with sficks but a pleasure 
boat, I remain yours with the utmost profundity. 

W. Carlton. 

The Right Honorable Lord Dexter, Kt. Newburyport. 

The first edition of the History of New England, by Jedi- 
diah Morse and Elijah Parish, was published in 1804, at 
Charlestown, Mass. The title-page of the second edition 
reads as follows : — 

A I Compendious History | of | New England | designed | For 
Schools and Private Families | By Jedidiah Morse, D. D. | and | Elijah 
Parish D. D. | Second edition | Published at Newbur^-port | by Thomas 
& Whipple I sold wholesale and retail at their bookstore | No. 2 State 
street | 1809. 

Messrs. Thomas & Whipple also published a Common School 
Geography, in 1 809 probably, bearing the following imprint : — 

A I Compendious System | of j LTniversal Geography | Designed for 
Schools I compiled | from the latest and most distinguished | European 
and American | Travellers Voyagers and Geog | raphers By Elijah 
Parish, D. D. | Minister of Byfield, Massachusetts | Published at New- 

' Boston I'ublic library. 



BOOKS AND NEWSPAPERS 



497 



bur}^ort (Mass.) | By | Thomas & Whipple j Johnson's Head, Market 
Square | Sold wholesale and retail at their Book Store and by all the | 
principal Book Sellers in the New England States [no date].' 

They also published a vohtme of sermons and a new sys- 
tem of geography described as follows : — 

Eighteen Sermons | Preached by the late | Rev. George Whitefield 

A. M. I I Published at Newburyport by | Thomas & Whipple | 

sold at their Book Store No. 9 State street | May, i8og. 

A I New System | of | Modern Geography | or a | General Descrip- 
tion I of all the I Considerable Countries in the World | Compiled from 
the latest | European and American Geographies | Voyages and Travels 
I Designed for Schools and Academies | By Elijah Parish D. D. | Min- 
ister of Byfield | Author of a Compendious System of Universal Geog- 
raphy &c I Ornamented with Maps. | Though Geography is an earthly 
subject, it is a heavenly study, Burke | Newburj'port, (Mass) | Published 
by Thomas and Whipple | No. 2 State Street ] Sold wholesale and re- 
tail at their Bookstore, and by all the principal | Booksellers in the New 
England States | 1810. 

Edmund M. Blunt published " Brown's Dictionary of the 
Bible " in 1808, and a few years later E. Little & Co. pub- 
lished the following-described books : — 

Delectus | Sententiarum et Historiarum | Ad Usum Tironum | Ac- 
comodatus | Edito Prima Americana | Newburyport | Ex T)-pis C. Nor- 
ris et Soc. | Impensis E. Little et Soc | 181 1.^ 

The j Village Harmony | or | Youth's Assistant to Sacred Music | 
Newburyport | Eleventh Edition corrected and enlarged | Published by 
E. Little & Co. and sold at their Bookstore | | and by all the prin- 
cipal Booksellers in the United States.' 

Ephraim W. Allen published the following-described books 
and pamphlets in his own name or in company with William 

B. Allen :— 

The Sixth Commandment Friendly to Virtue, Honor and | Politeness 
I A I Discourse | in | Consequence of the late duel | addressed | to the 
North Congregational Soci | ety of Newburyport | August 5, 1804 | By 
Samuel Spring | Newburj-port | From the press of E. W. Allen, 1804 | 
For Sale at the Bookstore of Thomas & Whipple | Market Square.? 

1 Newburyport Public library. 

- Essex Institute, Salem, Mass. 

^ American Antiquarian Society, Worcester, Mass. 



4 g 8 ^//-S" TOR V OF NE IV B i 'A' I TOR T 

An I Oration | Pronounced at Ne\vbur)port | July 4, 1808 | on the 

Anniversary Celebration | of | American Independence | at the | Request 

of the Federal Republicans | By Ebenezer Moseley, Esq. | Newbur^port 

I Erom the Press of E. W. Allen | sold at the Bookstore of Thomas & 

Whipple I No. 2 State street [ 1808.' 

Alfred | an | Epic Poem | in | Twenty Four Books | by | Joseph Cot- 
tle I First American, from the last English edition | Newburvport | Pub- 
lished by W. B. Allen & Co. No. 13 Comhill [ Horatio G. Allen, Printer 
I 1814.2 

The New Testament [ . . . | translated | out of the original Greek | 
and I with the former translations | diligently | Compared and Revised 
I Newburyport | Printed by William B. Allen & Co. | 1814. - 

The j Holy Bible j containing the ] Old and New Testaments [ trans- 
lated I out of the original tongue | and | with the former translations | 
Diligently Compared and I^evised | Newburyport | Published by Wil- 
liam B. Allen & Co | And for sale wholesale and retail, bound or in 
sheets, bv them at The Newburyport Book Store | 1815.- 

Extracts j from the | Journal | of | Marshall Soult j addressed to a 
friend [ and j by whom translated | is not a subject of enquiry j " These 
are not the forgeries of jealousy" [ Newburyport [ Published by William 
B. Allen & Co. | 1817.,^ 

The History j of the j Puritans | or | Protestant Non-Conformists | 
from the | Reformation | to the | Death of Queen Elizabeth j In Five 
Volumes | By Daniel Neale M. A.- 

The first volume of the la.st-named work was published in 
1 8 16 by Charles Ewer of Portsmouth, N. H., and William 
B. Allen & Co. of Newburyport. Mass. The second and third 
volumes were published in 181 7 by Charles Ewer of Boston 
and W'illiam B. Allen & Co. of Newburyport. The fourth 
and fifth volumes were published the same year by Charles 
Ewer of Boston and Ephraim \V. Allen of Newburyport. 
The five volumes were printed in Newburyport, the first 
three by William B. Allen & Co. and the last two by Eph- 
raim W. Allen. 



1 American Antiquarian Society, Worcester, Mass. 

- Newburyport Public library. 

3 " The JGurnal of Marshall Soult " is said to have been written by Samuel L. 
Knapp while confined in the Newburyport jail. History of Newburyport (Mrs. 
E. Vale Smith), p. 327. 



BOOKS AND NEWSPAPERS 



^99 



At a later date, Charles Whipple, Ebenezer Stedman and 
others published the following-described books : — 

The j History | and | Present State | of the town of | Newburj'port | 
By Caleb Gushing | Nevvbur^-port | Printed by F. W. Allen | For Sale 
at the Bookstore of C. Whipple No. 4 State Street [ and by the other 
Booksellers j 1826. 

The j Little Reader | or | Easy Lessons | in | Spelling and Reading | 
designed principally | for the use of Female Schools | By James Pike | 
Author of the English Spelling Book | Second Edition | Newburyport | 
Published by Ebenezer Stedman | and for Sale by him, wholesale and 
retail, at his | Book store, Market Square | 1828. 

An j Oration [ Delivered at the request of the | Washington Light 
Infantry Company | in Newburyport | Feb. 22, 1832 | At the Centennial 
Celebration | of the | Birth-Uay of Washington | By Thomas P. Fox | 
Newbur\-port | Published by T. B. & E. L. White | 1832.^ 

The I Claims of Religion | upon j The Young j Designed | as a suit- 
able Gift of Affection or Friendship j to those in early Life | By L. F. 
Dimmick | Pastor of the North Church, Newburyport | Newburj^Dort | 
Published by Charles Whipple | i 836. 

The Life of Timothy Dexter by Samuel L. Knai)p was jjub- 
lished in Boston in 1838. A copy of this book is in the Bos- 
ton Public library. It has the following" title-page : — 

Life I of I Timothy Dexter | embracing Sketches | of the ] Eccentric 
Characters | that | Composed His Associates | By Samuel L. Knapp | 
" Anything out of the Common course is hartshorn to my Spirits." | Bur- 
ton's Aiinai. of Mel. | The wart on Cicero's nose, will be remembered as 
long as his eloquence. ] Boston j Published by G. N. Thomson j 32 
Washington Street | 1838.- * 

A few years after the publication of the Life of Timothy 
Dexter, a new edition of " A Pickle for the Knowing Ones " 
was published with a title-page as follows : — 

A I Pickle for the Knowing Ones | or | Plain truths in a | Homespun 
Dress | by the late j Lord Timothy Dexter, j With an engraving of 
Lord Dexter and his dog | " I am the first in the east, the first in the 
west, and the greatest | philosopher in the known world " j Newburyport 
Published by John G. Tilton. 

' American Antifiuarian Society, Worcester, Mass. 
- Boston Public library. 



5 oo HIS TOR Y OF NE IV B UK YPOR T 

In 1848, the " Life of Lord Timothy Dexter " and " A Pickle 
for the Knowing Ones " were republished and bound in one 
volume with the following title : — 

Life I of I Lord Timothy Dexter | Embracing Sketches of the | 
Eccentric Characters | that Composed | His Associates | including | 
" I3exter"s Pickle for the Knowing Ones " | By Samuel L. Knapp | New- 
buryport | Published by John G. Tilton | Boston W. J. Reynolds & Co. 
I 184S. 

Subsequently, another edition of Dexter's Life with his 
" Pickle for the Knowing Ones " was published in Boston. 
The title-page reads as follows : — 

Life I of Lord Timothy Dexter: | with Sketches of the Eccentric 
Characters that | Composed his Associates | Including his own writings 
I " Dexter's Pickle for the Knowing Ones &c '" | By | Samuel L. 
Knapp I An Introduction | By " Cymon " | Portraits of himself, his poet 
Laureate, etc. | Boston | J. E. Tilton and Company | No. loi Washing- 
ton Street | 1858 

Other books and pamphlets not included in the above list 
were published in Newburyport previous to 185 i, but many, 
if not most of them, were reprints from early English editions 
and cannot be fully described in this brief bibliographical 
sketch. 

NEWSPAPERS. 

When Newburyport was incorporated, in 1764, the New 
Hampshire Gazette was the only newspaper published in New 
England except the News Letter, Evening Post, Gazette, 
Chronicle and Advertiser published in Boston. 

The first number of the Essex Gazette was printed in 
Salem August 2, 1768.' Early in the spring of 1773, an 
unsuccessful attempt was made to estabUsh a newspaper in 
Newburyport. The following notice was published in the Es- 
sex Gazette on the sixteenth "day of March of that year : — 

' Soon after the fight at Concord and Lexington, in 1775, the Essex Gazette 
was transferred from Salem to Cambridge and the name of the paper changed to 
" The New England Chronicle, or. The Essex Gazette." It was printed in Cam- 
bridge until the British troops evacuated Boston when it was removed there and 
under an abridged title, "The New England Chronicle," was published for 
many years. 



NE W SPA PER S 



Sor 



To the refpectable Inhabitants of Newbury-Port. 

The Publilhers of the PropoLils for printing the Essex Mercury, and 
the Weekly Intelligencer, think it their indilpenfable Duty in this public 
Manner to return their fincere thanks to thole Gentlemen who fo warm- 
ly exerted themlelves in procuring Subfcriptions, and alfo to thofe who 
fubfcribed for the intended Paper — Finding their numbers infufficient to 
defray the Expence, beg Leave to withdraw their Propofals. 

The Failure of fufificient Numbers they humbly hope will, by the can- 
did Public, he deemed fufficient Apology for their fo doing. 

Two or three months after the pubHcation of the above 
notice, Isaiah Thomas, who was born in Boston, and pubHshed 
there, in 1770, the Massachusetts Spy, sent a printing press 
to Newburyport and opened an office on King", now Federal 
street, nearly opposite the Old South meeting house. Henry 
Walter Tinges, a young printer from Boston, was associated 
with him in this enterprise. November 23, 1773, the follow- 
ing announcement appeared in the columns of the Essex Ga- 
zette : — 

A Printing Office has been lately established at Newbury-Port: and 
next Saturday is to be published there, number i of a Weekly Newspa- 
per to be entitled " The Essex Journal and Merrimack Packet : or, the 
Massachusetts and New Hampshire General Advertiser " to be distrib- 
uted and given, Gratis, to the Inhabitants of both Provinces. 

The paper was published at first on Saturday, afterwards 
on Wednesday, on a crown sheet folio equal in size to most 
of the papers published in Boston at that date. The imprint 
reads as follows : — 

NewburyPort : Printed by Isaiah Thomas and Henry Walter Tinges, 
opposite the Rev. Mr. Parsons Meeting House, where printixg in its 
various Branches is performed in a neat manner on the most reasonable 
Terms with the Greatest Care and Dispatch. 

The title, as shown in the half-tone print on the next page, 
had an engraving representing the arms of the province of 
Massachusetts Bay on one side, and a ship under full sail on 
the other side. The following editorial notices appeared in 
the first number of the paper : — 



NEWSPAPERS 503 

TO THE PUBLIC. 

Many respectable Gentlemen, Friends to Literature, having expressed 
their earnest Desire that a Printing Office might be estabhshed in this 
populous Town, the Inhabitants in general being sensible of the great 
want thereof, and the Patronage and Assistance they have kindly prom- 
ised to give, have encouraged me to procure the necessary Apparatus for 
carrying on the Printing Business and Opening an Office here ; and ani- 
mates me to hope that every Public Spirited Gentleman, in this and the 
Places adjacent, will promote so useful an undertaking. 

Isaiah Thomas.' 

printing. 
Those Ladies and (ientlemen who are desirous of seeing the curious 
Art of Printing, are hereby informed, that on Monday ne.xt the Printing 
Office will be opened for their reception, and the Printers ready to wait 
on all who will do them the honour of their company. The business will 
be exhibited preciselv at eleven o'clock in the forenoon, and at three in 
the afternoon.' 

In June, 1774, Ezckiel Russell commenced the publication 
of a newspaper in Salem called " The Salem Gazette or the 
Newbury and Marblehead Advertiser." Subscriptions were 
received for this paper in Newburyport b)' Bulkeley Emerson, 
" at the post-office," by David and Joseph Cutler, " at the 
Sign of the Dish," and by Thomas Thom}xson, " tobaconist 
at the head of long wharf." 

In the month of August following, Isaiah Thomas sold his 
interest in the "Essex Journal and Merrimack Packet" to 
Ezra Lunt, the proprietor of a stage coach running from New- 
buryport to Boston once a week, and the firm-name was 
changed to Lunt & Tinges.- In May, 1775. Mr. Lunt 
enlisted in the Revolutionary army and sold all his right, title 
and interest in the newspaper to John M\call, who was then 
a schoolmaster in Amesbury, and the firm-name was again 
changed to Mycall & Tinges. Six months later, this part- 
nership was dissolved, and John Mycall continued the business 
in his own name for nearly twenty years.' In August, 1775, 

' Essex Journal and Merrimack Packet, December 4, 1773 (American Anti- 
quarian Society, Worcester, Mass.). 

-' Essex Journal and Merrimack Packet, August 17, 1774 (Boston Athenieum). 

■* Essex Journal and New Hampshire Packet, January 19, 1776 (Boston Atht- 
nneum). 




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NEIVSPAPEI^S. 



505 



the name of the paper was changed to " The Essex Journal 
and New Hampshire Packet." The imprint of April 26, 
1776, reads as follows : — 

Printed by John Mycall, in King Street, opposite the Rev. Mr. Par- 
son's Meeting House, where this paper may be had at Eight Shillings 
per Annum (exclusive of Postage and Sealing). Articles of Intelligence 
&c gratefullv received. Printing and Book Binding in their various 
branches are performed in a neat manner on reasonable Terms with 
Care and Dispatch.' 

In July, 1784, the name of the paper was changed to " The 
Esse.x Journal and the Massachusetts and New Hamj^shire 
General Advertiser," and the printing office removed to Fish, 
now State, street, as stated in the imprint as follows : — 

[Fridav, Julv 16, 1784] Newbury Port; Printed by John Mycall in 
Fish Street near to the Rev. Mr. Gary's Meeting House where this pa- 
per may be entered for, at Two Shillings and three pence per Quarter, 
(e.xclusive of Postage) and where advertisements and articles of Intel- 
ligence are received and all Kinds of Printing performed expeditiously 
and at a reasonable rate.- 

In the month of November following, the printing office 
was remo\-ed " to Merrimack street a little below the Ferry 
way," and in 1786 the name of the paper was again changed 
to " The Essex Journal and New Hampshire Packet." 

Mr. Mycall was the proprietor and publisher of the paper 
until it was discontinued in 1794 or 1795, with the exception 
of a few months, in 1784, when it was published by William 
Hoyt.3 

Edmund M. Blunt and Howard S. Robinson, under the 
firm-name of Blunt & Robinson, published the first number of 
the Impartial Herald in May, 1793. It was delivered to sub- 
scribers every Saturday, at first, and afterwards every Tues- 

' Essex Journal and New Hampshire Packet (American Antiquarian Society, 
Worcester, Mass.). 

- Essex Journal and the Massachusetts and New Hampshire General Advertiser 
(American Antiquarian Society, Worcester, Mass.). 

3 John Mycall was born in Worcesier, England, in 1750. After the Essex 
Journal and New Hampshire Packet was discontinued Mr. Mycall removed to 
Harvard, and then to Cambridge, Mass. He returned in 1S26, and continued to 
reside in Newburyport until his death, January 20, 1833. Newburyport Herald, 
January 25, 1833. 



o 



a: 



^ 



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NE WSPAPERS. 



507 



day. In 1794, Edmund M. Blunt was sole publisher of the 
paper. In December of that year, in company with Angier 
March, under the firm-name of Blunt & March, he purchased 
and united the Morning Star with the Impartial Herald and 
removed the printing office from State street to Middle street.' 
After January i, 1795, the Impartial Herald was published 
twice a week, on Tuesdays and Saturdays. In 1796, Mr. 
l^lunt sold his interest in the paper to Angier March, who 
continued the publication until it was united with the Polit- 
ical Gazette, in October, 1797, and the name changed to the 
Newburyport Herald and Country Gazette. 

The first number of the Morning Star was published on 
Tuesday, April 8, 1794, by Howard S. Robinson. In the 
month of May following, Benjamin Tucker was asssociated 
with him under the firm-name of Robinson & Tucker, and 
in October Mr. Tucker was the sole owmer and jiublisher of 
the paper. The printing office was on Middle street, New- 
buryport. December 3, 1794, Mr. Tucker announced that 
he had conveyed all his right, title and interest in the Morn- 
ing Star to Messrs. Blunt & March, publishers of the Impar- 
tial Herald.' 

In April, 1795, the first number of the Political Gazette 
was published, in Newburyport, by William Barrett. The pa- 
per was printed once a week until October 27, 1797, when it 
was united wdth the Impartial Herald. 

In 1794, as previously stated, the Morning Star was sold to 
the proprietors of the Impartial Herald, and in 1797 William 
Barrett, proprietor of the Political Gazette, and Angier March, 
proprietor of the Impartial Herald, formed a co-partnership, 
under the firm-name of Barrett & March, and published the 
first number of the Newburyj^ort Herald and Country Gazette 
in October of tha^ .jear. In the month of December follow- 
ing, Mr. Birrett' sold his interest in the paper to Angier 
March, who remained sole owner and publisher until August 
4, 1 80 1, when Ephraim W. Allen and Jeremiah Stickney pur- 

^ Impartial Herald; December 5, 1 794. 

- Morning Star, December 3, 1794 (Newburyport Public library). 



NE WSPAPERS. 



509 



chased the property and continued the pubhcation of the pa- 
per for nearly a year under the firm-name of Allen & Stick- 
ney. Owing to ill health, Mr. Stickney sold his interest in 
the Herald June 18, 1802, to John Barnard, and for the next 
twelve months the paper was under the control of Messrs. 
Allen & Barnard. On the fourth day of March, 1803, the 
name of the paper was changed to The Newburyport Herald, 
and the supplementary title, " The Country Gazette," was 
dropped. On the inside page at the head of the editorial col- 
umn the following motto was printed, semi-weekly, for many 
years. 

He comes, the Herald of a noisy world 
News from all nations lumbering at his back. 

In July, 1803, the firm of Allen & Barnard was dissolved, 
and the senior partner, Ephraim W. Allen, continued to pub- 
lish the paper until 181 5, making no change in the title on the 
first page, although the colophon on the fourth page gave the 
name as printed in 1797: "The Newburyport Herald and 
the Country Gazette." From April to October, 181 5, Henry 
Small was publisher of the paper and the title was changed to 
"The Newburyport Herald and the Commercial Gazette." 
B. W. Folsom was publisher from March, 18 16, to February, 
1 8 17. For nearly a year, William Hastings had charge of 
the paper, " for the proprietors." In February, 1818, Ephraim 
W. Allen was again sole owner and publisher. He retained 
control of the paper until 1832. During his absence from 
Newburyport, in 1823, Caleb Gushing had charge of the edi- 
torial columns for several months. 

August 3, 1832, the first number of the Daily Herald was 
issued and in the month of October following William S. Allen 
purchased a controlling interest in the Daily Herald and in 
the Semi- Weekly Herald, which were then published " for the 
proprietors by Joseph B. Morss." On the second day of 
June, 1834, both these papers were sold to Joseph B. Morss 
and William H. Brewster,' who published them under the 

' Newburyport (Semi-Weekly) Herald, June 3, 1834. Ephraim W. Allen died 
March 9, 1846. 



NE WSPAPEKS. 5 1 1 

firm-name of Morss and Brewster until January, 1854, when 
William H. Huse was admitted to membership in the firm, 
and the name changed to Morss, Brewster & Huse. 

In 1856, Joseph B. Morss and William H. Brewster sold 
all their right, title and interest in the property to William H. 
Huse, who in company with John O. A. Stone, Benjamin F. 
Carter, George J. L. Colby and others,' under the firm-name 
of William H. Huse & Co., owned and published the Herald 
until the Newburyport Herald Company was organized in 
1889. The semi-weekly edition was discontinued June 6, 
1879, and a weekly edition published, after that date, until 
April I, 1902. The Daily Evening Herald was established 
December 25, 1880, and discontinued August i, 1904. 

The Newburyport Morning Herald is now published daily, 
Sundays and holidays excepted, by the Newburyport Herald 
Company, Nathaniel Appleton, president, and Benjamin A. 
Appleton, treasurer. 

MERRIMACR. <|^' OAZETXEV 

AN D E S S E 7J ^ ''^lllT*^ A T> \^ E R T I. Z E Rl 



.Vol. 1.]*.^ SAn'l;D.\V.X'i:(.E.MD£R I 



McniMtick Gazette^ yixoroRSA/xar .'j-nporlant Dici imenf. Tb. p-ovinc •. bua k, s«;m 

The first number of the Merrimack Gazette and Essex 
Advertiser was printed by Caleb Cross at his ofiice in Middle 
street, Newburyport, in February, 1803. The paper was 
published every Saturday morning for about two years. The 
above half-tone print is taken from a copy of this paper 
in the possession of Eugene Noyes of Amesbury. In 
1805, Mr. Cross established and published a Democratic pa- 

^ John Q. A. Stone was a member of the firm from 1856 to 1859. 

Benjamin F. Carter ditto 1856 to 1862. 

George J. L. Colby ditto 1856 to 1867. 

George Wood ditto 1859 to 1866. 

Caleb B. Huse ditto 1859 to 1889. 

John Coombs ditto 1862 to 1871. 

Arthur L. Huse ditto 1871 to 1889. 

William H. Huse died March 28, 1888; and the Newburyport Herald Com- 
pany was organized the next year. 



5^2 



HIS TOR Y OF NE WB UR YPOR T 



per, called the Political Calender. He was appointed post- 
master in Newburyport in May or June, 1809. 

July 6, 1803, John Barnard printed at his office on the north 
side of Market square, in Newburyport, the first number of the 
New England Repertory, a semi-weekly newspaper established 
by John Park. January 21, 1804, the paper was removed to 
Boston, and the name changed to The Boston Repertory. 

William B. Allen published, June 8, 1805, the first number 
of the Merrimack Miscellany. It was a weekly paper devoted 
to the discussion of literary and political questions. 

On or about December 13, 1805, W. & J. Oilman published 
at No. 4 Middle street, The Merrimack Magazine and Ladies 
Literary Cabinet, a weekly newspaper, containing selected ar- 
ticles from English and American periodicals. It was published 
for several years and then discontinued for lack of patronage. 
In 1825, Isaac Knapp, 3rd, proposed to revive the paper 
and publish it "for the sake of auld lang syne,"' but in May 
of that year he purchased the Northern Chronicler, and the 
plan was abandoned. 

In May, 1824, the first number of the Northern Chronicler 
was published by Heman Ladd at No. 1 1 Cornhill, State 
street, Newburyport. In November of that year Robert 
Cross was associated with Mr. Ladd in the publication of the 
paper, which was issued once a week. In the month of May 
following, Isaac Knapp, 3rd, announced that he had purchased 
the Northern Chronicler, and intended to publish on Thurs- 
day, June 9, 1825, a new paper.' Early in the month of June, 
1825, the Essex Courant appeared, Isaac Knapp, 3rd, pub- 
lisher. March 17, 1826, Mr. Knapp sold all his right, title 
and interest in the Essex Courant to William Lloyd Garrison. 
A week or ten days later the first number of The Free Press* 
bearing the motto " Our Country — Our whole Country — and 
nothing but our Country," was published by William Lloyd 
Garrison at No. 24 State street, and subsequently at No. 2 
South Row, Market square, Newburyport. W'hittier's first 
poem was published in the Free Press June 8, 1826. In Sep- 

' Newburyport Herald, January 25, 1S25. 



NE WSPAPERS 5 1 3 

THE FREE PMESS 



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tember, Mr. Garrison sold his interest in the paper to John H. 
Harris, who published it until the middle of December follow- 
ing when it was discontinued.' 

Joseph H. Buckingham began the publication of the New- 
buryport Advertiser, a semi-weekly newspaper, in May, 1831. 
It was a vigorous supporter of the National Republicans in 
politics. After a brief existence it was discontinued. 

January i, 1833, a religious paper, in pamphlet form, was 
published by Hiram Tozer of Newburyport, at the suggestion, 
and under the direction, of the Esse.x Middle Association. It 
was named, by a committee chosen for that purpose, The 
Monthly Paper, and was printed on the first day of every 
month until January, 1834,- when the first number of the 
Essex North Register was published with the consent and 
approval of the Essex North Association.^ The new paper 
was issued semi-monthly at first and afterwards once a week. 
It was discontinued December 29, 1837, but was re-established 
the following week, with a new name, under substantially the 
same management. 

Friday, January 5, 1838, the first number of the Watch- 
tower, a newspaper devoted to the discussion of the moral, 
religious, educational and literary questions of the day, was 
published by Hiram Tozer. Roger G. Howard and David P. 
Page were the editors. In 1843, the Essex North Associa- 
tion became interested in the publication of the Watchtower, 

1 Life of William Lloyd Garrison, by his children, vol. I., pp. 59-71. The 
heading of The Free Press reproduced in the above half-tone print is taken from 
a copy of the paper in the possession of Eugene Noyes of Amesbury, Mass. 

■2 Contributions to the Ecclesiastical History of Essex County, published by the 
Essex North Association in 1S65, p. 41. 

^ The name of the Essex Middle Association was changed to the Essex North 
Association January 8, 1834. 



5 I 4 HISTOR y OF NE WB UR YPOR T 

and in 1844 Rev. Henry A. Woodman, pastor of the First 
church in West Newbury, was placed in charge of the paper 
as editor and pubhsher, which position he retained until 1849.' 
Thursday evening, September i, 1808, the first number of 
the Herald of Gospel Liberty was published at Portsmouth, 
N. H., in quarto form, for Rev. Elias Smith. In his address 
to the pubhc the editor says : " A religious newspaper is al- 
most a new thing under the sun : I know not but this is the 
first ever published in the world." It advocated the doc- 
trines of the Freewill Baptist, or Christian denomination, and 
was of great assistance to the churches established in the mid- 
dle and eastern states. The paper was subsequently removed 
to Philadelphia, and pubhshed there for several years.- In 
1847, the name was changed to the Christian Herald, and 
under the control of the Eastern Printing association, it was 
published weekly at the corner of Middle and State streets, 
Newburyport, Rev. Daniel P. Pike, editor.^ In 1852, the 
name was again changed to the Herald of Gospel Liberty, and 
Benjamin F. Carter, as editor and publisher, had the man- 
agement of the paper until 1866. P'or two or three years 
after that date. Rev. Daniel P. Pike was editor and publisher. 
In 1869, the paper was removed to Dayton, Ohio. Mr. Pike 
continued as editor until 1871, when he commenced the pub- 
lication of a new paper, in Newburyport, which he called the 
Christian Herald. It was published until 1874, when it was 
discontinued. 

FEOFl^E'S ADVOCATE, 





ii?i2> (D^msaui^ji^saii^ oii^siiiir^i^i;* 




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PENNY MAGAZINE, sh. wft'iLw-^^w"" 


««fiblJ her m-or) i«.(^up«d bj «1«><< 

"Wfacn lite taiB) mameot Ud tniit*. it** 
utiu* frixn • Miahborioj «rt>vw.i CMM for 



Hie People's Advocate was issued every Wednesday and Sat- 

1 Contributions to Ecclesiastical History of Essex County, pp. 42 and 177. 

' New Jersey Archives, first series, vol. XII., p. cxxiv; New England Historical 
and Genealogical Register, vol. XXV., p. 382, note, and vol. XXXVII, p. 403. 
The Magazine of American History, vol. XVII., p. 430, has a photographic 
copy of the first page of the Herald of Gospel Liberty. 

^ Newburyport Directory for 1849, p. 65. 



NE WSPAPERS 



515 



urday morning, from the printing office of B. E. Hale, in the 
Phoenix Building, State street, Newbury port. Mr. Hale was ed- 
itor and publisher. The first number of the paper was issued in 
June, 1833, " terms three dollars per year, payable in advance." 
It was well printed and carefully edited, but failed to secure 
strong financial support on account of its Democratic proclivi- 
ties. After a vigorous struggle for twelve months the paper 
was discontinued/ 

William H. Huse, Joseph Bragdon and Alfred M. Berry, 
under the firm-name of Huse, Bragdon & Berry published the 
first number of the Newburyport Advertiser, a semi-weekly 
newspaper, at No. 13 Cornhill, State street, October 7, 1845. 
On the first day of January, 1847, the firm was dissolved, but 
Messrs. Huse ^ Bragdon continued to pubUsh the paper until 
July 10, 1849, when they announced that it would be discon- 
tinued to reappear the following week as a daily evening 
journal. 

William H. Huse, Charles Nason, Joseph H. Bragdon and 
James C. Peabody, under the firm-name of Nason, Bragdon & 
Co., pubUshed the first number of the Daily Evening Union 
July 23, 1849. In the month of November following, the 
firm-name was changed to Huse & Bragdon, and eighteen 
months later to Huse & Nason. June i, 1852, William H. 
Huse was sole owner and publisher of the paper, which posi- 
tion he retained until January i, 1854, when he became part 
owner of the Newburyport Herald, and the Daily Evening 
Union was discontinued. 

January 21, 1854, the first number of the Saturday Even- 
ing Union and Weekly Family Visitor was published by Wil- 
liam H. Huse, Mrs. E. Vale Smith, editor. On the first day 
of February, 1855, the name of the paper was changed to The 
Saturday Evening Union and Essex North Record. It was 
discontinued in 1856. 

Ben : Perley Poore was the editor and publisher of a paper 

1 The half-tone print of the heading of The People's Advocate on the opposite 
page is reproduced from a copy of the paper in the possession of Eugene Noyes 
of Amesbury. 



5 1 6 HISTOR Y OF NE IVB UR YPOR T 

printed in Newburyport every other Thursday, from July 20, 
1854, until January, 1855, called The American Sentinel and 
Essex North Record. 

In 1879, Michael C. Teel established and published the 
Semi-Weekly Germ, every Wednesday and Saturday morning 
at No. 4 Merrimack street, Newburyport. In 1882, the 
name of the paper was changed to the Newburyport Daily 
Germ, and it was printed every day in the week, Sundays 
excepted, by Michael C. and Edwin L. Teel under the firm- 
name of M. C. Teel & Son. On the twenty-sixth day of Jan- 
uary, 1887, it was sold to Mr. Fred E. Smith. 

February i, 1887, the first number of the Newburyport 
Daily News was pubhshed by Mr. Fred E. Smith. On the 
twenty-seventh day of May following, Mr. James H. Hig- 
gins became financially interested in the paper, and united 
with Mr. Smith in forming the News Publishing Company, 
which has owned and controlled the Daily News since that 
date. 

In March, 1890, a weekly newspaper, called the Saturday 
Night, George J. L. Colby, editor, was published by the Sat- 
urday Night Company, Albert F. Hunt, manager. In 1892, 
the name of the paper was changed to the Newburyport Item. 
Since that date it has been published every Saturday morning 
by the Item Publishing Company, Albert F. Hunt, manager. 

In addition to the papers described in the above list, the 
following-named weekly or monthly journals were published 
in Newburyport for a few months and then removed to other 
towns or discontinued for lack of patronage. 

The Newburj^ort Gazette, Benjamin Edes, publisher, 1806. 

The Statesman, Joseph Gleason, pubhsher, i8og. 

The Independent Whig, Nathaniel H. Wright, publisher, 1810. 

The Churchman's Repository for the Eastern Diocese was 
published in Newburyport by Henry R. Stickney in July, 1820. 
It was a monthly publication, edited by Rev. James Morss of 
Newburyport, Rev. Asa Eaton of Boston, Rev. Charles Bur- 
roughs of Portsmouth and Rev. Thomas Carlyle of Salem. It 
was removed to Boston in the month of December following. 



NE WSPA PERS 517 

In January, 1821, Henry R. Stickney published the first 
number of the Gospel Advocate, a theological magazine. It 
was printed once a month in the Phoenix Building at first, and 
afterwards in the Herald office, Newburyport, but in May of 
that year it was removed to Boston.' 

In 1842, Hiram Tozer published the Merrimack Journal 
twice a week for ten or twelve months,^ but the circulation 
w^as limited and no copies of the paper have been preserved. 

In 1844, a semi-weekly newspaper called the Newburyport 
Courier was established by Greenleaf Clark and published 
every Wednesday and Saturday morning by Clark & Whitten. 
In 1846, it was published as a daily paper by Whitten & Hale. 

The Essex County Constellation was published by John S. 
Foster, in 1849, and the Mirror and Casket, a literary paper, 
by Joseph Hunt, in 1848. 

The Newburyport Star was published weekly from January 
14 to April 29, 1865, by R. D. & Thomas S. Pratt, under the 
firm-name of Pratt Brothers, at the printing office on the cor- 
ner of State and Middle streets. 

The Merrimac Valley Visitor, published every Saturday 
morning, by George J. L. Colby in 1872, and afterwards by 
Colby, Coombs & Co., was discontinued in January, 1887. 

The Advocate, a weekly newspaper, was published for six 
or eight months in 1875 by Albert Y . Hunt. 

The Sun, a Democratic paper, was published daily during the 
presidential campaign of 1876 by Eliphalet Griffin and others. 

The Ocean Wave, edited by Lothrop Withington, was pub- 
lished every evening, Sundays excepted, from October, 1878, 
until March, 1879. 

The Daily Standard was published every morning from Jan- 
uary, 1 89 1, until June, 1892, Sundays excepted, by Arthur 
Withington, George O.Atkinson, Edward A. Huse, Walter S. 
Pearson and J. Hermann Carver, printers and publishers, under 
the corporate name of the Standard Newspaper Company. 

' Newburyport Herald, June 2, 1821. 
- Newburyport Herald, April 12, 1842. 



CHAPTER XIV. 

LIBRARIES. 

The first circulating library in America was established in 
Philadelphia by Benjamin Frankhn in 1732. A fund was 
raised for the purchase of books, and subscribers, who contrib- 
uted two pounds for that purpose and paid ten shillings an- 
nually thereafter, were allowed to take a certain number of 
books from the library every week. 

In 1 747, a similar organization, now known as the Redwood 
Library Association, was formed by a few individuals in New- 
port, R. I. At the close of the Revolutionary war, Salem, 
Boston, Leominister and a few other towns in Massachusetts 
had small Ubraries from which books could be taken by the 
payment of a fi.xed annual fee. 

George J. Osborne, a bookseller, established a circulating 
library in Newburyport previous to 1794.' Subsequently, 
Bishop Norton, Abraham Wheelwright, Robert Long, Thomas 
W. Hooper, Charles Cofiftn, Jr., Philip Coombs and Richard 
Pike announced that they had prepared a plan for organizing 
and maintaining a library in the centre of the town.' In 
December, 1 794, they published the following notice : — 

The Directors of the Newburyport Library acquaint the subscribers 
that they have finished the appraisement of Books and will be ready to 
purchase them which are wanting to complete the Catalogue, as soon 
as a full collection of the subscriptions shall be obtained. 

Those, therefore, whose subscriptions are yet unpaid, and those who 
have present Books are requested to call on Mr. Osborne immediately 
and procure his receipt. 3 

On the nineteenth day of December, the following advertise- 
ment appeared in the Impartial Herald : — 

1 iMorning Star, April 22, May 6, and June 3, 1794. 

'■^ Morning Star, October 29, 1794. 

■^ Impartial Herald, December 12, 1794. 



LIBRARIES 



519 



Any person wishing to become a Proprietor in the Newbur3-port Li- 
brary may do it by appHcation to Mr. Osborne, Librarian, with whom 
are lodged the Rules of the Library. 

It is requested that all subscriptions may be effected as soon as possi - 
ble as the Books will speedily be purchased. 

In 1796, Bulkeley Emerson, Jr., was treasurer and librarian 
of the Nevvbiuyport Library association.' 

In 1797, Edmund M. Blunt had a circulating Ubrary in his 
bookstore on State street, a few doors below Wolfe tavern, 
then standing on the corner of Threadneedle alley. ^ The li- 
brary contained fifteen hundred volumes in 1798, eighteen 
hundred volumes two years later, and three thousand in 1802.^ 
Books were delivered to subscribers at any hour, from five 
o'clock in the morning until nine o'clock at night. Ebenezer 
Stedman, a bookseller in Market square, purchased the library 
in 1803, and added a large number of theological, historical and 
biographical works. •♦ In 1 807, he sold all his right, title and in- 
terest in the library to William Sawyer and Edward Little, 
who advertised, under the firm-name of William Sawyer & 
Co., to loan books to persons agreeing to pay a small annual 
subscription fee. In 1809, Mr. Little organized a new business 
firm, and, under the name of Edward Little & Co., had charge 
of the library until it was discontinued several years later. 5 

" The First Social Library Society " was probably formed 
in 1797. Joseph Somerby was clerk in 1798.'' Benjamin 
Balch, Abraham Wheelwright, Charles Jackson, John Fitz and 
Daniel Balch, five of the proprietors, united in a call for a 
meeting to be held June 29, 1801, for the election of officers 
and the adoption of several new by-laws. ^ Books of a literary 
and historical character were purchased for the use of members 

' Impartial Herald, March 31, 1796. 
- Impartial Herald, December 5, 1797. 

■* Newburyport Herald and Country Gazette, February 13, 179S, November 21, 
1800, and May, 1S02. 

■* Newburyport Herald and Country Gazette, September 30, 1803. 
•" Newburyport Herald and Country Gazette, November 3, 1809. 
^ Newburyport Herald and Country Gazette, January 4, 1799. 
' Newburyport Herald and Country Gazette, June 19, 1801. 



5 2 o illS TOR Y OF NE WB UR 1 'POR T 

and the society continued in active operation until 1836 and 
perhaps later.' 

" The Essex Circulating Library," established in 1803 by 
Angier March, printer and bookseller," and " The Merrimack 
Circulating Library," established in 1807 by Timothy Webb 
and Thomas Kettell, under the firm-name of Webb & Ket- 
tell, were also liberally patronized for many years. ^ 

In 1807, Theophilus Parsons and John Lowell, former citi- 
zens of Newburyport, were named in the act incorporating the 
Boston Athenaeum. A similar association was formed in New- 
buryport in 1809. " It was organized for the laudable purpose 
of promoting learning and diffusing useful knowledge by estab- 
lishing a repository for valuable and rare productions in the vari- 
ous arts, sciences, and polite literature and for collecting the 
most important tracts, pamphlets, and documents, illustrative 
of the natural and civil history of our country, of the genius, 
policy and laws of the general and state governments and of 
the manners, customs, and interests of the American people." 

February 24, 18 10, John Andrews, Edward Little, William 
Woart, William Bartlet, James Morse, Jeremiah Nelson, Dan- 
iel A. White, Thomas Cary, Samuel L. Knapp, Joseph Dana, 
Daniel Stephen Howard and Nathaniel Bradstreet, trustees of 
the association, '' with such other person or persons as shall 
from time to time be admitted members of the said association," 
were incorporated by the name of " The Proprietors of the 
N ewbury port Athenaeum . " ^ 

Rules and regulations for the management of the associa- 
tion were adopted and rooms were provided and opened, three 
days and three evenings in every week, for the use of mem- 
bers. A valuable collection of books was purchased and news- 
papers from nearly every state in the Union were placed on 
file as soon as received. In 1812, the library was in charge 
of W. B. Bannister, Esq., in chambers over the bookstore of 
Edward Little & Co. in Cornhill." In 1835, Caleb Cushing^ 

1 Newburyport Herald and Country Gazette, January i, 1836. 
- Newburyport Herald and Country Gazette, April 22, 1803. 
^ Newburyport Herald and Country Gazette, April 7, 1807. 
^ Acts and Resolves, 1809-1810, ch. 54. 



LIBRARIES 



52: 



Henry Frothingham, Henry C. Perkins and Roger S. Howard 
were trustees of the Athenaeum, and during that year the Gen- 
eral Court of Massachusetts passed an act hmiting the number 
of votes to be cast by each shareholder, or by his legally author- 
ized representative, at the regular or special meetings of the 
association. In 1846, an unsuccessful attempt was made to 
raise a permanent fund for the purchase of books and the 
erection of a suitable library building.- In the month of 
January, 1 849, the shareholders voted to dissolve the associa- 
tion ; and the books and papers were sold at auction February 
20, 1849. 

The Franklin library was established by an association of 
merchants and mechanics in 1812.^ Enoch Noyes, librarian, 
announced in the Newburyport Herald on the eleventh day of 
February that books would be delivered at the house of any 
subscriber, when called for, any day in the week, Sundays 
excepted, from five o'clock a. m. until nine o'clock p. m. 
Samuel T. DeFord was librarian in 1825, and J. Stone, Jr., 
in 1828. In 1830, or the year following, the library was 
probably united with the " Second Social Library of New- 
buryport."-* 

"The Religious Library," containing theological, moral 
and instructive books, was in operation as early as May 4, 
181 3, and perhaps earlier. Meetings of subscribers were held 
annually from that date until May 25, 1838. 

In 181 5, Charles Whipple advertised "a new circulating 
library for books for delivery to subscribers " at No. 4 State 
street, 5 and evidently continued to supply patrons with the pop- 
ular books of the day for many years." 

' Newburyport Herald, January 21, 181 2. 

^ " There is nothing we should like better to do just now, did we possess the 
ability, than to give to this institution a neat and substantial building and endow 
it with a fund sufficient to support a library of the first class and a public reading 
room." Newburyport Herald, March 13, 1846. 

■' History of Newburyport (Gushing), p. 69; History of Newbury (Coffin), p. 
278. 

■■ Newburyport Herald, April 16 and December 21, 1830. 

^ Newburyport Herald and Commercial Gazette, June 6, 181 5, 

^ Newburyport Herald and Commercial Gazette, December 27, 1825. 



522 



H IS TOR \ ' OF NE WB I 'R \ ROR T 



"The Merrimack Circulating Library," established in 1807, 
was removed in 181 5 to the office of W. & J. Oilman, print- 
ers. No. 2 Middle street, and new books were added from year 
to year until February 26, 1839, when the library was sold at 
auction. 

In 1837, John Gray, Jr., had a circulating library at No. 3 
South Row, Market square, which was subsequently known 
as "The Phoenix Circulating Library." It was sold to A. A. 
Call, bookseller, who notified subscribers, January 4, 1842, 
that they could obtain library books by calling for them at his 
store near the foot of State street. 

"The Washington Circulating Library," established by 
John G. Tilton in 1840, was in operation until 1846, when it 
was temporarily suspended. It was re-opened, however, in 
185 I, and continued to thrive until the Newburyport Public 
library was established in 1855. 

The need of a large and well-selected library, accessible to 
every person residing within the limits of Newburyport, was 
urgently advocated by the editors and publishers of the New- 
buryport Herald.' 

The advantages which well regulated public libraries offer in enlight- 
ening and prospering a people, are not yet appreciated in this countrj^, 
but we are persuaded the time is coming when it will be a matter of as- 
tonishment that they have so long been overlooked. We need in this 
town a well endowed library which shall be open to all and in the pros- 
perity of which and the extension of its usefulness all shall feel an 
interest.- 

At a meeting of some of the prominent citizens of New- 
buryport, held September 7, 1850, Hon. Caleb Gushing was 
chosen chairman and A. A. Call, secretary.^ A series of res- 
olutions were adopted, favoring the establshment of a public 
library, and a committee, consisting of Luther F. Dimmick, 
Caleb Gushing, A. A. Call, William H. Wells, Thomas W. 
Higginson, Moses D. Randall, Amos Tappan, Eben F. Stone 

1 Newburyport Herald, March 12, 1841. 

2 Newburyport Herald, May 31, 1844. 

' Newburyport Herald, September 9, 1850. 



LIBRARIES 



523 



and Philip K. Hills, was appointed to prepare rules and regu- 
lations for its management and solicit funds for its support. 
The committee reported on the thirteenth day of September, 
and a few days later an appeal for pecuniary assistance signed 
by Luther F. Dimmick, Caleb Gushing and Thomas W. Hig- 
ginson, was published in the Newburyport Herald. Subse- 
quently, a petition was presented to the General Court for an 
act of incorporation.' The twenty-first article in the warrant 
for the annual town meeting held in March, 185 i, reads as 
follows : — 

To see if the town will furnish and appropriate a room in the new 
Town Hall for a public library and light and warm it in winter agreeably 
to the petition of Eben F. Stone and others.- 

No definite action was taken at the annual meeting, and at 
the adjourned meeting held two or three weeks later the sub- 
ject was indefinitely postponed. May 24, 185 1, the General 
Court granted cities and towns liberty to establish and main- 
tain public libraries.^ After some delay the Merrimack Libra- 
ry Association was organized, and all persons interested were 
invited to attend a meeting called for the purpose of maturing 
plans and providing for the purchase of books. ■♦ A committee, 
consisting of Eben F. Stone, Samuel J. Spalding, Edson G. 
French and William H. Wells, was chosen to receive dona- 
tions of books and money, and in May a room was opened in 
the . Merchants Bank building, on the corner of State and 
Charter streets, where the library was temporarily established. 5 
In October, it was removed to the corner of State and Pleas- 
ant streets, where it remained, accessible to subscribers on the 

1 Newburyport Herald, September 20 and 21, 1850. 

'■* Newburyport Town Records, vol. IV., pp. 358 and 365. 

•' Acts and Resolves, 1851, ch. 305. By a special act of the General Court the 
city of Boston was authorized, in 1848, to raise money for the support of a public 
library, but no definite plans were matured until 1853, when Joshua Bales, Esq., 
an eminent merchant of London, gave fifty thousand dollars to establish a fund 
for the purchase of books. A convenient room in a building on Mason street, 
leased for the use of the library, was opened to the public March 20, 1854. The 
corner-stone of the library building on Boylston street, was laid September 17, 
1855. The building was completed and dedicated January i, 1858. 

■* Newburyport Herald, January 31, 1852. 

^ Newburyport Herald, May 4, 1852. 



524 



HI ST OR V OF NE WB UR YPOR T 



payment of a small annual fee, until rooms were provided in 
City hall for the free public library.' 

September i8, 1854, a communication from Hon. Josiah 
Little, giving to the city of Newburyport upon certain terms 
and conditions the sum of five thousand dollars for the pur- 
pose of establishing a free public library, was read at a meet- 
ing of the mayor and aldermen. This gift was accepted on 
the second day of October following, and a room on the first 
floor on the northwesterly side of City hall was fitted up, by 
order of the city council, for the use of the library. Hon. 
Charles Jackson and Col. Samuel Swett of Boston gave a 
large number of valuable books, and the citizens of Newbury- 
port were asked to contribute works of historical or biograph- 
ical interest. New books on science, philosophy and art were 
purchased by a committee consisting of Hon. Moses Daven- 
port, Rev. Leonard Withington, Rev. Luther F. Dimmick, 
Rev. Daniel T. Fiske, and Nathaniel Hills, Esq. The library 
was opened with public exercises in City hall on Wednesday, 
September 5, 1855, Rev. Daniel T. Fiske, D. D., delivering 
an address appropriate to the occasion. 

In April, 1864, a brick dwelling house on State street, 
built by Patrick Tracy for his son Nathaniel Tracy, was pur- 
chased and remodeled by the friends of the library, who con- 
tributed nearly twenty thousand dollars for that purpose. 
September 22, 1865, the building was conveyed by deed to 
the city of Newburyport for the use of the library, " and for 
the reception of suitable objects of science and art."- The 
books and pamphlets were removed from City hall and arranged 
in alcoves provided for them, and the library was re-opened to 
the public on the first day of January, 1866. 

In 1 88 1, Michael H. Simpson, Esq., of Boston and others 
gave over twenty-two thousand dollars to pay for the erection 
-of a suitable reading-room to be used in connection with the 
library. This addition named, by the directors, " The Simp- 
son Annex," was completed and dedicated with appropriate 
•exercises April 28, 1882. 

1 Newburyport Herald, October 12, 1852. 
'^ " Ould Newbury," p. 563. 




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526 



HIS TOR V OF NE WB UR YPOR T 



In addition to the books and money contributed by the 
founders of the hbrary, — Hon. Josiah Little, Hon. Charles 
Jackson and Col. Samuel Swett, — and the amount subscribed 
for the purchase of the Tracy house and the cost of building 
the Simpson annex, the following donations and bequests have 
been made, at various times, and the annual income applied to 
the purchase of books, magazines and newspapers. 

From the estate of Matthias Plant Sawyer of Boston, March, 

1 85 7, . . . . . . $5,000 

From George Peabody of London, February, 1867,' . 15,000 

From the estate of John M. Bradbury of Ipswich, April, 

1 876, ... . . . . 1 ,000 

From the estate of Joseph A. Frothingham of Newburj-port, 

November, 1880, ..... 1,000 

From the estate of Sarah A. Green of Newburj-port, March, 

1882, ...... 2,000 

From the estate of John Q. A. Williams of Boston, February, 

1889,- ...... 1,000 

From the estate of William O. Moseley of Newburyport, April, 

1895, ...... 10,000 

From William C. Todd of Atkinson, N. H., April, 1900,3 15,000 

From John R. Spring of San Francisco, Cal., April, 1900, 20,000 

1 Two years later the portrait of Mr. Peabody was presented to the directors of 
the public library, as stated in the following letter, addressed to Edward S. Mose- 
ley, Esq. : — 

64 Queen Street, Cheapside, London, E. C, April 3, 1S69. 

Dear Sir : — Some time last spring, I had an intimation, as coming from you 
as chairman of the Peabody Trust Fund, that a portrait from me, for their library, 
would be highly appreciated. 

1 therefore employed one of the Queen's portrait painters, and gave him the last 
sitting, a few days ago. The portrait is pronounced excellent. I shall ship it by 
an early steamer to Boston and send you a bill of lading, with freight and all 
charges paid. 

Very respectfully and truly yours 

George Peabody. 
(Life of George Peabody by Phebe A. Hanaford, p. 215.) 

2 The testator provided in his will, proved in the probate court for Suffolk county 
January 31, 1887, that the sum of one thousand dollars should be paid to the trus- 
tees of the public library and called the '' Abraham Williams Fund " in memory 
of his father who lived and died in Newburyport. 

■'Mr. Todd paid to the directors of the public library three hundred dollars annu- 
ally from March, 1870, until March, iSSi, for the purchase of newspapers and mag- 
azines for the reading room established in the lilirary building at his suggestion 
and request. In iS8i,-he paid three hundred and seventy-five dollars for the same 
purpose, and afterwards four hundred dollars, annually, until February, 1893, when 
he gave the trustees of the library ten thousand dollars, the income to be expended 
in providing newspapers and magazines from and after that date. This sum was 
increased to fifteen thousand dollars April 2, 1900. 



LIBRARIES 



527 



From the estate of Edward S. Moseley of Newburjport, Feb- 
ruary, 1901, . . . . . 5,000 

From the estate of Elizabeth H. Stickney ' of Chicago, June, 

1 90 1, . . . . . . 5,000 

From the estate of Stephen W. Marston - of Boston, October, 

1 90 1, . . . . . . 5,000 

From the estate of Abram E. Cutter 3 of Boston, October, 1901, 4,000 

From the estate of Elisha P. Dodge 4 of Newburyport, Jan- 
uary, 1903, ...... 2,500 

Hiram A. Tenney was elected librarian in September, 1855. 
He was annually re-elected to that office until his death in Jan- 
uary, 1889, except for the year 1862, when Horace N. Jack- 
man was chosen. John D. Parsons, the present librarian, was 
elected January 28, 1889. Under his care and management 
the library has steadily increased in efficiency and usefulness, 
and now contains over forty-one thousand books and pamphlets. 

Rooms on the first floor of the library building were fitted 
up at the suggestion of William C. Todd, and supplied, at his 
expense, with newspapers and magazines. On the evening of 
June 30, 1870, these rooms were dedicated and the next day 
all persons interested in extending the work and influence of 
the library were invited to make use of them. 

' Edward S. Stickney, born in Newburyport October 7, 1824, married Elizabeth 
Hammond of Haverhill in 1S69. For many years he was a prominent and highly 
esteemed citizen of Chicago, Illinois. He died March 20, 1S80, and his widow, 
Elizabeth H. Stickney, died in Manchester, Mass., in July 12, 1897. She directed 
the executor of her will to pay the trustees of the Newburyport Public library the 
sum of ten thousand dollars on the termination of a trust established for the bene- 
fit of certain persons named in her will. Of this amount five thousand dollars has 
been received. The balance of the bequest is not yet due. 

'■^ Stephen Webster Marston, son of Stephen W. and Mary W. Marston was born 
in Newburyport October 11, 1819. He was for many years a member of the firm 
of Jewett, Tebbetts & Co., in the dry goods commission business, in Boston ; at a 
later date he was the selling agent for several large cotton manufacturing corpora- 
tions. He died in Boston September 4, 1899, and was buried in Oak Hill ceme- 
tery, Newburyport. 

^ Abram Edmunds Cutter, son of Abraham and Mary (Gibson) Cutter was born 
in Newburyport January 24, 1822. During his childhood his parents removed to 
Saco, Maine. In 1852, he established himself in business, as a bookseller and 
publisher, in Charlestown, Mass., where he died. 

^ In his will, dated March 14, 1901, and proved October 22, 1902, Elisha 
r. Dodge made the following bequest: — " I give to the Trustees of the 
Free Public Library n[ said Newburyport the sum of Twenty-five Hundred dollars 
tobe known as the William H. P. Dodge Fund, in commemoration of my deceased 
brother. The income thereof is to be used for the purchase of books for said li- 
brary, preference to be given to those upon sulijects connected with education in 
music, including its history, and the biography of eminent musicians." 



528 



HIS 7 OR V OF NE WB UK YPOR 7 



Miss Hannah E. Lunt was appointed superintendent of the 
reading room July i, 1870. She served in that capacity until 
December i, 1872, when her resignation was accepted and 
Miss Martha P. Lunt was appointed to fill the vacancy. In 
1882, the library building was enlarged and a spacious and 
well-lighted room provided for the special accommodation of 
newspaper readers. 

March i, 1905, the resignation of Miss Martha P. Lunt 
was accepted, the office of superintendent was abolished, and 
Miss Helen E. Tilton, assistant-librarian, was placed in charge 
of the readine," room. 



CHAPTER XV. 

REVOLUTIONARY WAR. 

The destruction of tea in Boston harbor, December 13, 
1773, led to similar exhibitions of the same determined spirit 
elsewhere." 

Last Friday all the Boliea Tea in the Town of Charlestown, collected 
together by a Committee appointed for that purpose, [and paid for by 
the town at cost price] was brought to the Market Place at Twelve 
o'clock at noon and there destroyed by Fire, agreeable to a Vote of that 
Town which may be seen in their Proceedings inserted in this Paper.- 

[Friday, Dec. 30, 1773, a searching party from Boston] proceeded to 
the House of old Ebenr Withington at a place called Sodom, below Dor- 
chester Meeting House, where they found a part of a half chest [of tea] 
which had floated and was cast up on Dorchester point. This they 
seized and brought to Boston Common where they committed it to the 
flames.2 

The following communication, dated Newburyport, January 
24, 1774, was published in the Essex Gazette (Salem) for the 
week beginning January 25th and ending February i, 1774: — 

Meffrs. Printers, 

As feveral Towns in this Province have lately publifhed their patriotic 
doings, efpecially thofe relative to' Tea, I cannot fit ftill and fee the town 
of which I have the honour of being a member, without it's fliare in the 
Fame of the day. I therefore take this opportunity of informing the pub- 
lic, that a large cjuantity of the forementioned pernicious ftuff was con- 
fumed here laft week ; in order to imitate at the fame time both Bofton 
and Charleftown, it was done by Fire and 'Water ; and fo general was the 
fpirit, that all ranks and degrees of people, high and low, rich and poor, 
'Whig and Tory, agreed in the affair ; — and to the further honour of the 

' The measures adopted by the inhabitants of Newburyport to restrict the 
importation of tea previous to Dec. 13, 1773, are described in chapter I., pp. 48 to 
54 inclusive. 

'^ Essex Gazette, December 28, 1773, and January 4, 1774 (Essex Institute, 
Salem, Mass.). 

529 



5 3 o HIS TOR Y OF NE IV B UR VPOR T 

town, it was done not in the manner of Ibme others, on the wharves and 
in the pubHc ftreets, but by each one under his own roof, and, as if by 
general agreement, about the fame time. 

Your"s 

Philo Patriae & Oppide.' 

In the month of June following, the ship Grosvenor arrived 
in Portsmouth, N. H., from London, with twenty-seven chests 
of tea consigned to Edward Parry, Esq. The tea was landed 
and stored in the custom house. Watchmen were appointed 
to see that none of it was sold in the town of Portsmouth, and 
after two or three days delay the consignee consented to send 
it by another vessel out of the province. - 

In July, it was reported that a similar attempt would be 
made to land tea in Newburyport. 

Newbury-Port, July 20. 
We have it from good authority, that a fhip with a number of chefts 
of Tea on board, is hourly expected to arrive at this place. It is to be 
hoped that this town who were the firft in the province that appeared de- 
termined in refifting the detefted Bofton port bill, by hauHng up all their 
fhipping, will not fuffer their honor to be eclipled, by tamely fuffering 
that political plague Tea, to be introduced at this time, — a time when 
every low piece of cunning is made ufe of to rob a free people of their 
natural and ftipulated privileges, although guaranteed by the crown of 
(ireat Britain. But fays a high avUhority, put not your trui't in princes, 
but in the Lord, he is your defence. 3 

In the month of October following, a large quantity of tea 
was burned in Charlestown, Mass., and a gentleman from 
Newburyport is said to have been very active in laying the 
fagots and starting the fire. 

Boston, Monday, November 7. 
On Friday evening laft, in purfuing a Perfon who had been guilty of 
breaking the Peace in Charleftown, a Barrel and Bag of Tea were ftum- 
bled on, which were immediately carried to the Training-Field and com- 
mitted to the Flames ; after they were confumed, it was fuggefted there 
was more in the lame Place ; upon which a iearch was made, r .id enough 

' Also published in Essex Journal and Merrimack Packet January 26, 1774. 
- American Archives, fourth series, vol. I., pp. 419 and 512. 
3 Salem Gazette and Newbury and Marblehead Advertiser, July 29, 1774; and 
Essex Journal and Merrimack Packet, July 20, 1774. 



RE VOL UTIONAR J ' WAR 



531 



found to fill a large Hogfhead, which was conveyed to a Place called the 
Clreen, before Cape-Breton-Tavern, and a Quantity of Faggots laid 
round it, they were fet on Fire and the whole confumed : Every thing 
was conducted with fuch ftillnefs and order, that many People there 
knew nothing of it until next morning. It is fuppofed the Quantity de- 
ftroyed was between 4 and 500 weight. 

We hear a Gentleman belonging to Newbury Port was very active in 
demolilhing the above Tea.' 

While the excitement in regard to the importation of tea 
was at its height, Parliament passed several acts that were 
denounced in the colony of Massachusetts Bay as arbitrary and 
unjust. The Boston Port Bill, especially, added to the turmoil 
and confusion that prevailed, and the inhabitants of Newbury- 
port, Salem and Marblehead insisted upon its unconditional 
repeal. At a meeting of the ship-owners and merchants of 
Newburyport the following resolution was adopted : — 

That we will, in Cafe the other Provinces on the Continent lliall join 
in the Meafure, or even if all the other Sea Ports in this Province will 
come into it lay up all our Vefiels (as they come in) after the 14th of 
June next, and that we will neither import or export any one article of 
merchandiie or Produce to the Southward of South Carolina ; more 
efpecially that we will break off all Trade to and from the Weft-Indies 
or any Port of Great Britain or Ireland, and that this Refolution we will 
continue in till the Town and Port of Bolton is again opened and free to 
go in and out of, or till the Difputes between this Continent and Great 
Britain are fettled upon fuch a Bafe as that we and our Children may 
enjoy all thofe Privileges we are contending and reafonable Men ought 
to contend for.- 

Two months before the delegates to the first continental 
congress assembled at Philadelphia the following petition was 
presented to the selectmen of Newburyport : — 

The Petition of Patrick Tracy, Tristram Dalton, Stephen Hooper, 
John Stickney, Moses Frazier, Edward Rand, Samuel Tufts, Robt Bay- 
ley, Joseph Moulton, Jun., Nicholas Tracy, James Hudson, Ralph Cross, 
Jr., Jos. Greenough, Bulkeley Emerson, Abner Greenleaf, John Pet- 
tingell, Jos. Marquand, Robt Tracy, Edwd Wigglesvvorth, Jacob Board- 
man and John Wood : 

^ Essex Gazette, November 1-8, 1774 (Essex Institute, Salem, Mass. ). 
2 Essex Gazette, May 10-17, 1774 (Essex Institute, ."^alem, Mass.). 



532 HIS TOR V OF NE IV B UR YPO R T 

To the Selectmen of Newbunport : 

Gentlemen : Whereas a Congress of the Deputies of the North Amer- 
ican Colonies is proposed to be held at Philadelphia in September next 
with a view that they may deliberate and determine what measures it 
may be expedient for the Continent to adopt and pursue in order to pro- 
cure a redress of our public Grievances. And as it is possible that some 
measures will be proposed that must in an especial manner affect 
the Trading Interest, we think it highly convenient if not necessary that 
some Gentlemen well Acquainted with the Nature & present state of our 
Commerce shod attend at the said Congress as we apprehend they maj^ 
greatly assist in striking out such a Plan as will produce the happiest 
effects to the Country in General and at the same time do as httle Injury 
to Individuals as the Nature of the Case and the Designs of the People 
will admit of : 

Wherefore we desire you will call a Town Meeting as soon as may be 
to see if the Town will appoint one or more of the Inhabitants of this 
Town in their Behalf to attend upon the aforesaid mentioned Congress 
for the purposes as before Expressd. 

Also if they think fit to Chuse a Committee to prepare proper Instruc- 
tions or Letters of Advice, to him or them that may be thus appointed, 
also to make suitable Provision for the Expenses that may attend the 
same. 

Also to see if the Town are disposed to afford any Relief or Assistance 
to those indigent People in the Town of Boston who are suffering by 
means of the Boston Port Bill (so called) and to determine or advise in 
what way and manner the same shall be done. 
Newburj-port, July 29, 1774.' 

At a meeting of the inhabitants of Newburyport held August 
3, 1774, Jonathan Jackson, Tristram Dalton, Patrick Trac}-, 
Stephen Hooper and Stephen Cross were appointed a commit- 
tee to prepare a letter of advice to be sent to the delegates 
assembled in congress, expressing the views and opinions of 
the legal voters of the town in regard to the restrictions im- 
posed upon trade and commerce. At the same meeting, the 
following votes were passed, authorizing the payment of two 
hundred pounds to the inhabitants of Boston and accepting, in 
advance and without qualification, the acts and resolves of 
congress soon to assemble in Philadelphia. 

Voted to raise two hundred pounds Lawful [money] to be applyed for 
the Relief of such indigent Persons in the distressed town of Boston, as 

1 Newburyport Town Records, vol. I., pp. 192, 193. 



REVOLUTIONARY WAR 533 

their overseers may see fit to distribute it among, and for that puipose to 
be remitted to said overseers as soon as it is collected. 

Voted the Collection be assessed upon each Inhabitant in proportion 
to his last Province Tax with Liberty for any Person to refuse his pro- 
portion who may either find himself unable or feels himself unwilling to 
join in such a charity. 

Voted that the town will stand by the result of the Congress even if it 
be to the sloping of all Trade.' 

At an adjourned meeting held August 10, 1774, the follow- 
ing report was read, accepted and a copy ordered to be sent 
to the delegates in congress from the province of Massachu- 
setts : — 

To the Inhabitants of the Town of Newbury Port in Town meeting 
assembled by adjournment from the 3d Day of this present Month, Au- 
gust : 

Gentlemen : We your committee Chosen for the purpose of Express- 
ing the sentiments of the Town in the present distressed situation of 
public Affairs and also to draw some suitable Information respecting our 
Trade, to be presented, if necessary, at the Congress would report the 
following as the Opinion and Sentiments of the Town, and as proper to be 
communicated to the Deputies chosen by the Province to attend the 
Congress, viz : — 

That this Town, confiding entirely in the Wisdom and firmness of the 
general Congress of Deputies from the several Colonies in America 
which is to meet in September next at Philadelphia, is determined and 
now resolves to abide by, and to the uttermost of their power fully com- 
ply with the final Determination of sd congress. Let the sacrifice be ever 
so great. 

That although the Town, by their vote the aforesaid Day is willing to 
stop all Trade for the sake of obtaining more speedy and effectual Relief, 
it may notwithstanding seem more expedient to Congress that some 
Traders & Branches of Commerce be entirely stopped and others per- 
mitted, or that certain exceptions in Non-Importation Agreements may 
be made which all the Provinces should Equally or proportionally partake 
of, unless an immediate Prejudice to the Common Cause is the Conse- 
quence. This Town would desire the Favour of the Delegates chosen 
by this Province to attend the Congress that our Trade and Commerce 
may be preserved in the same State and with the same Indulgence as 
that of the other Provinces, and the Town would beg leave to acquaint 
them that the Chief Branches of its business are, Importations from 
Great Britain, a large trade with the French West India Islands, distil- 

1 Newburyport Town Records, vol. I., p, 195. 



534 ^I^ ^<^^ ^ OF NE WB UR YPOR T 

leries which are numerous & Ship Building ; and if any Exceptions are 
made in the Importations into this province or any particular Towns 
thereof that this Town may have the same Indulgences. 
Newbury Port Aug. lo, 1774.' 

August 22, 1774, Jonathan Jackson, Jonathan Greenleaf, 
Tristram Dalton, Stephen Cross and John Bromfield were ap- 
pointed delegates to meet delegates from other towns in Es- 
sex county, at the suggestion of the selectmen of Marblehead, 
to discuss, " in this time of difficulty and danger," questions 
of great public interest and importance. 

The delegates, assembled at Ipswich on the si.xth and 
seventh days of September following, passed a series of reso- 
lutions denouncing the " Act for the better regulating the 
Government of the Province of the Massachusetts Bay, in 
New England," and declaring it to be the duty of the judges, 
justices and other civil officers in the county "to continue in 
the execution of their respective trusts as if the afore-mentioned 
act of Parliament had never been made." 

At a meeting of the freeholders and other inhabitants of 
Newburyport on the twenty-third day of September, Capt. 
Jonathan Greenleaf, moderator, the following votes were 
passed : — - 

There having arisen some Doubts grounded on Rumors from other 
Towns whether the Court of General Sessions of the Peace and Inferior 
Court of Common Pleas, will not be obstructed and whether they ought 
to sit in this Town in the next week and do Business as usual : 

Voted that it is the opinion of this Town that the Determination of the 
Delegates of this county at their late meeting at Ipswich respecting the 
courts, ought to be adhered to, and the courts supported in the exercise 
of their constitutional authority : and that we will accordingly, as far as 
in our power, support them while they shall continue so to act: but if any 
officers of the courts shall hereafter presume to act under the new uncon- 
stitutional and oppressive regulations they must cease to e.xpect support 
from us. 

Voted that a committee of Safety be chosen to consult and advise 
with each other & if need be to communicate to the Town any measures 
that may appear to be conducive to the public Benefit, more especially 
to be watchful that no Encroachments are made on our Constitutional 

' Newburyport Town Records, vol. I., p. 197. 



REVOLUTIONARY WAR 535 

Rights and Liberties, that we may enjoy the Blessings we have left, in 

Peace, and not be deprived of them from any Quarter but may devise & 

prosecute the most vigorous and reasonable measures, as far as lies in 
our sphere to retrieve our former Priveleges.' 

The following-named persons were chosen members of the 
committee of safety September 23, 1774 : — ^ 

Benjamin Greenleaf, Esq. Mr. John Bromfield 

Capt. Patrick Tracy Mr. John Stone 

Dr. John Sprague Major William Coffin 

WiUiam Atkins, Esq. Capt. Thomas Thomas 

Capt. James Hudson Capt. Joseph Huse 

Mr. Edmund Bartlet Capt. Samuel Batchelder 

Mr. Ralph Cross, Jr. Mr. Moses Nowell 

Tristram Dalton, Esq. Mr. Jonathan Jackson 

Mr. Edward Harris Mr. Richard Titcomb 

Mr. Enoch Titcomb, Jr. Mr. Samuel Tufts 

Capt. Jacob Boardman Mr. John Herbert 

Mr. William Teel Capt. Moses Rogers 

Capt. Jonathan Greenleaf Mr. Moses Frazier 

Dr. Micajah Sawyer Mr. Jonathan Marsh 

Mr. David Moody Capt. Nicholas Tracy 

Capt. Jonathan Greenleaf was chosen representative to the 
Great and General Court ordered to assemble in Salem Octo- 
ber 5, 1774, and a committee, consisting of Benjamin Green- 
leaf, John Lowell, Tristram Dalton, Jonathan Jackson and 
Stephen Cross, was appointed to prepare instructions to assist 
him in the performance of his legislative duties. The com- 
mittee reported on the third day of October as follows : — 

The town of Newburj'port have again chosen you for their representa- 
tive in the General assembly, and though they apprehend your oppor- 
tunity of acting in that capacity may be very short, they do however re- 
pose in 30U an important trust. Since the dissolution of the late General 

1 Newburyport Town Records, vol. I., p. 203. 

- As early as December 16, 1773, a committee, consisting of Capt. James Hud- 
son, Capt. Jonathan Greenleaf, Capt. Charles Hodge, Mr. Jonathan Titcomb and 
Mr. Stephen Cross, was appointed to correspond with the committees of safety ap- 
pointed by the inhabitants of Boston and other towns in the province. 
June 15, 1774, Jonathan Jackson, Stephen Hooper, John Bromfield and Capt. 
Nicholas Tracy were added to the committee, and on the twenty-third day of Sep- 
tember following the committee, consisting of thirty members, whose names are 
printed above, was chosen May 26, 1775, the selectmen were added to this 
committee. 



536 tJIS TORY OF NE IV B UR \ FOR 7 

Assembly great and surprising innovations have been attempted to be 
made in the constitution of this province. The bills that have passed 
the British Parliament, for their better regulating, as they absurdly ex- 
press it, the civil government, and for the impartial administration of 
justice among us, are of such a nature as to alarm, not only the inhabi- 
tants of this Province but all the British American Colonies. We should 
come short of our duty if on this occassion we failed to express our 
utter abhorrence of the principles on which those bills have been con- 
structed, as well as the tenor of them, and the mode in which they are 
attempted to be carried into execution. If the Parliament of Great 
Britain have a rightful authority to make these statutes, it is evident 
that we hold our estates, our liberties, and even our lives at their arbitrary 
will and pleasure ; than which nothing can be more absurd and chimeri- 
cal. These bills, which are designed to annihilate our Constitutution es- 
tablished by charter, and to deprive us of those privileges which are 
founded on the still higher principles of natural right and justice have 
been passed without our having so much as a hearing on this occa- 
sion, by persons directly interested in the execution of them. As they 
are manifestly calculated to increase their power and authority and pro- 
portionably to lessen our weight and importance : and should they proceed 
on this plan, and we be so infatuated as to acquiesce, they will exalt 
themselves to absolute tyrants, and reduce us to a state of the most ig- 
nominious and abject slavery. The pernicious nature and tendency of 
these acts must be obvious to all, who consider the enormous powers 
they are designed to lodge in the hands of the governor: most of our 
civil officers are to be entirely dependent on his will, both for their ap- 
pointment and continuance in office. This circumstance, considering the 
manner in which our juries are to be appointed, leaves the subject no as- 
surance that he shall have a fair and impartial determination in every 
cause relating to life, liberty or property unless it happens to consist with 
the views and inclination of the governor : which is surely a most haz- 
ardous situation, especially as the governor now depends entirely on the 
crown for his appointment and support, and must therefore be ever ready 
to execute the purposes of the ministry. And in these unhappy circum- 
stances we may not, if these acts are of sufficient authority to prevent it, 
assemble together, even in the most cjuiet and orderly manner, to devise 
means to procure a redress of our grievances : and, if we should, our so 
doing, it seems is to be deemed seditous and perhaps treasonable. The 
methods taken by the promoters of these bills to enforce them show that 
they were themselves so sensible of the odious nature of them, as that 
they were not trusted to their own authority or to a conviction of their 
being just and right, for the execution of them : but armed ships and 
armed men are the arguments to compel our obedience ; and the more 
than implicit language that these utter, is that we must submit or die. 
But God grant that neither of these may be our unhappy fate. We de- 



RE VOL UTIONAR 1 ' WAR 



537 



sign not madly to brave our own destruction, and we do not thirst for the 
blood of others ; but reason and religion demand of us that we guard 
our invaluable rights at the risque of both. 

We would, therefore, now direct and instruct you to do nothing that 
shall in the least degree imply a submission to these acts : that you do in 
no way whatever acknowledge the authority of those persons who are 
cruelly and perfidiously assisting to destroy their country, by assuming 
the character of counsellors of this province, not being appointed there- 
to but in an arbitrary and unconstitutional manner. 

We doubt not your brethren will conduct [themselves] with regard to 
this and every other matter, with all becoming resolution and integrity; 
and we have as little doubt, that this will procure the dissolution of the 
House : and if it should, we hereby authorize you to represent this town 
in a convention to be formed of the members thereof, or any Congress of 
deputies appointed by the several towns in this Province ; therein to de- 
liberate and devise such measures as may conduce to relieve us under 
our present difficulties and embarrassments and to secure and establish 
our just rights and privileges on the most solid and permanent founda- 
tion.' 

General Gage, the military g-overnor of the province, real- 
izing the gravity of the situation considered it advisible to 
cotmtermand the order for the meeting of the General Court 
at Salem. Ninety representatives, however, assembled there 
October fifth, and two days later organized a provincial con- 
gress, that adjourned to meet at Concord on the eleventh and 
in Cambridge on the seventeenth, where spirited resohitions 
were passed and \'igorous measures adoj^ted for the protection 
of the rights and liberties of the peo[)le. 

Capt. Jonathan Greenleaf, Stephen Cross and Tristram 
Dalton, Esq., represented Newburyport in the second provin- 
cial congress held at Cambridge in February, 1775 ; and Capt. 
Jonathan Greenleaf and Stephen Cross were representatives 
to the third provincial congress, which assembled at Water- 
town May 31, 1775. 

The excitement that followed the meeting of the first pro- 
\incial congress in Concord and Cambridge led to scenes of 
\iolence and disorder in the streets of Newburyport. 

[October 24, i 774] Voted that the Committee of Safety together with 
the several ofiicers of the Town (viz:) the Selectmen, Constables, War- 

' Newburyport Town Records, vol. I., pp. 206-209. 



538 



HIS TOR V OF NE WB UR YPOR T 



dens &c. be desired to use their endeavors to prevent any Tumult or 
Disorder taking place at any time in the Evening or Night and that no 
Efifigies be carried about or exhibited on the fifth of November, or other 
time, only in the Day time, and the Town also recommend it to Parents 
and Masters and others to prevent the wasting of Gunpowder in the firing 
of crackers, serjDents &c on any occasion." 

The law regulating the importation and sale of tea was fre- 
quently violated and the attempt to punish the offenders was 
sometimes successful. 

We hear from Newbury, that fome time laft Week it was difcovered 
that three or four Chefts of Tea had lately been fmuggled into that place 
and fold to different Perlbns, but as foon as it was known to the Commit- 
tee they applied to the Perlon who difpofed of it (it being impoffible to 
come at the Tea) and obliged him to give up the Profits arifing from the 
Sale thereof, amounting to about 50 1 L. M. for the benefit of the Poor.- 

Early in 1775, there was considerable commotion over the 
seizure and destruction of several chests of tea placed in the 
powder-house for safety. The following report printed in the 
History of Essex County, edited by D. Hamilton Hurd, vol- 
ume H., page 1742, appears to be authentic; but no trace of it 
has been found among the papers and manuscripts on file in 
the office of the city clerk. 

To the inhabitants of Newburyport in Town Meeting assembled : 

Gentlemen : — -Your Committee of Safety, who are also appointed a 
Committee of Inspection to see that the Resolves of the Continental 
Congress are carried into execution have with constancy and cheerfulness, 
attended on the duties of their appointment, being sensible of the impor- 
tance of the Trust reposed in them, and they hope the Town in general 
have approved of their conduct. They have met with only one obstruc- 
tion in their proceedings which they think needful to lay before you, as 
their future influence and determination depend upon the sentiments of 
the Town thereon. Some time ago a small quantity of tea was brought 
in here in violation of the Continental Association, which the Committee 
took into their custody and had deposited in the Powder House in order 
that it might be kept secure until the Town or the Committee should de- 
termine something further respecting it, but before there was an oppor- 
tunity, therefor, some of our inhabitants, in a very sudden and hasty man- 
ner, laid hands on it and destroyed it. Now your committee apprehend 

i Newburyport Town Records, vol. I., p. 212. 

- Essex Gazette, January 17-24, 1775 (Essex Institute, Salem, Alass.). 



KE VOL I -TIONAR 1 ' WAR 



539 



that it will be very unsafe for them to take into their care any kind of 
goods that may in future be introduced in the like disorderly manner, 
provided they must be exposed to the same fate, wherefore they desire 
the opinion of the Town upon the matter. 

By order of the committee, 

Edw. Harris, Clerk. 

At a meeting held March 9, 1775, the inhabitants of New- 
buryport voted to assist and support the committee of safety 
and inspection in their efforts to protect property and preserve 
peace ; " they think the manner in which the Tea was taken 
out of their Hands by no means justifiable & hope nothing of 
the like kind will take place in time to come."' 

On the twenty-seventh day of March following, every able- 
bodied man was ordered to join one of the militia companies 
in town and hold himself in readiness for active service in case 
of need. 

Rumors of the battle at Lexington and Concord reached 
Newburyport at mid-day, April nineteenth, but no definite or 
reliable information was received until several hours later, 
when the following letter was wiitten and sent by a special 
messenger to Portsmouth, N. H. : — 

Newburyport, April ig, 1775. 

To the Chairman of the Committee of Correspondence in Portsmouth, 
N. H. 

Sir : This Town has been in a continual alarm since mid-day with 
reports of the Troops having marched out oi Boston io make some attack 
in the country. The reports in general concur, in part, in having been at 
Lexington. And it is very generally said they have been at Concord. 
We sent otT an express this afternoon who went as far as S/wons at 
Danvcrs before he could get information that he thought might be de- 
pended upon. He there met two or three gentlemen who affirmed the 
regular Troops and our men had been engaged chief of the morning, and 
it is supposed we had twenty-five thousand men engaged against four 

1 Newburyport Town Records, vol. I., p. 226. 

Tradition asserts that Eleazer Johnson, who succeeded his father as a ship- 
builder at the foot of Ship street, said to his workmen one day: "If any of you are 
ready to assist in an enterprise that requires courage and discretion, knock your 
adzes from their handles, shoulder the handles and follow me." In answer to 
this call, it is said, the ship-carpenters marched to the powder-house, near Frog 
pond, demolished the door and removed several hundred chests of tea to the va- 
cant land near the meeting house (then standing in what is now Market scjuare), 
where ihey were broken open and with their contents destroyed by fire. 



540 



HIS TOR V OF NE WB UR YFOR T 



thousand Regulars ; that the Regulars had begun a retreat. Our men 
here are setting off immediately. And as the sword is now drawn, and 
first drawn on the side of the Troops, we scruple not you will give the 
readiest and fullest assistance in your power. And send this information 
further on. 

In behalf of the Committee for this Town your humble servant, 

James Hudson, CJiainiian.'^ 

A list of men who marched with Capt. Moses Nowell from Newbury- 
port, April 19, 1775, against the British troops.- 



Moses Nowell, Captain 

Benj. Perkins, First Lieut. 

Elias Davis, Second Lieut. 

Stephen Jenkins, Third Lieut. 

Paul Lunt, Sergeant 

Timothy Ford, Sergeant 

\Vm Ames, Sergeant 

Samuel Clark, Sergeant 



Moses Pike, Coiporal 

Nathaniel Tilton, Corporal 

Nathaniel Montgomery, Corporal 



Samuel Foster, 
Benj. Pearson, 
Richard Hale, 
Caleb Haskell, 
Joseph Cross, 



Corporal 
Drum & Fife 
Drum & Fife 
Drum & Fife 
Drum & Fife 



John Somerby 
John Wyatt 
Wm Shackford 
Edmund Pettingill 
Timothy I^almer 
Michael Toppan 
Moses Kimball 
Thomas Haynes 
Moses Pidgeon 
John Brett 
John Chase 
John Bickford 
Wm Mc'Clintock 
Josiah Teel 
Thomas Gould 
Joseph Somerby 
Samuel Harris 
Thomas Morrill (2days) 
Jacob Knapp 
Benj. Greenleaf 
John Brown 
John Cheever 
Nicholas Moody 



Privates. 
David Rogers 
Moses Newman 
Edward Toppan 
Benj. Backley, Jr. 
John Adams 
Edmund Morse 
Nicholas Titcomb 
Samuel Wj^att 
Wm Halliday 
Hezekiah Goodhue 
Moses Greenleaf 
John Little 
Nathaniel Mitchell 
W^m Hazeltine 
Thomas Boardman 
John C. Roberts 
Joseph SomerI)v, Jr. 
Enoch Moody 
Tristram Plumer 
Isaac Currier 
Roland Stockman 
Samuel Hall 
Wm Farnham 



Benj. Eaton 
Silas Parker 
John Cook 
Amos Pearson 
Wm Stickney 
Stephen Morse 
John Sleeper 
Thomas Hammond 
Thomas Merrill 
Jonathan Dole 
Wm Demm 
Jesse Amory 
John Perry 
Henry W. Tenger 
Thomas Frothingham 
Samuel Nowell 
Joshua Pettingill 
Thomas Leigh 
Moses Cross 
Joseph Davis 
Moses Moers 
Francis Rogers 
Daniel Somerby 



' American Archives, fourth series, vol. IL, p. 359. 

- Massachusetts Archives (Muster Rolls), vol. XIII., p. 17. 



RE VOL I ^TIONAR Y \ VAR 



541 



Thomas Weskon 
Joseph McHard 
Wm Connor 
Joseph Herbert 
Jacob True 
Joseph Smith 
Mayo Greenleaf 
David Pearson 
Samuel Swazy 
Asa Dickson 
Joseph Stickney 
Philip Johnson 
John Goodhue 
Amos Follansbee 
Nathaniel Smith 

(Seventy-five 



John Kettle 
Robert Fowler 
Stephen Giddings 
John Stickney 
Joshua Mitchell 
John Hammond 
Nathaniel Warner 
Isaac Frothingham 
Zebulon Titcomb 
Jonathan Carter 
John Wood Brown 
Jonathan Plumer 
Josiah Plumer 
Michael Titcomb 
Lewis Gay 
Lemuel Coffin 
miles of travel and four 



James Brown 
Caleb James 
James Forth 
Amos French 
Roger Lord 
Enoch Plumer 
John Little 
Nathaniel Haskell 
Joseph Pearson 
Moses Fessenden 
Isaac Marble 
Samuel Huse 
Paul Noyes 
Luke Webster 
John Halliday 

days service.) 



Two days after Captain Nowell's company left Newbury- 
port, the committee of correspondence sent the following 
letter to the commander-in-chief at Cambridge : — ' 

Newburyport, 2ist April 1775. 
Sir : We have sent forward the Bearer to have your orders with all 
possible dispatch by his Return, whether the Forces that are coming from 
the Province of New Hampshire & from the Eastern parts of our Province 
(who by Expresses we find are hastening along) should be sent back, 
especially those that live near the Seashore. We are well informed 
numbers passed our River yesterday at the upper Ferrys, besides four 
Companies thro this Town on their way to you. We shall follow your 
Directions & if ordered take care to send Expresses as far Eastw^ as 
necessary. We have a party of men from this Town upwards of one 
hundred upon their March to you : if they are not wanted & you tliink 
proper you can order our Express to turn them back. We sent off last 
evening two Field pieces to you, if not wanted they may be of some use 
here. We would be glad of your Directions, by our next Express, or by 
any safe opporty (as far as you can attend) how we shall act in case any 
cutters should come in here, more especially if they bring land Forces 
with them. If provisions of any sort are wanted give us an account what 
sort & we will forward what we are able with all Dispatch. If in giving 

1 Massachusetts Archives, vol. CXCIII., pp. 55, 56 ; and American Archives, 
fourth series, vol. IL, p. 373. 

An order for two pounds and seventeen shillings was paid William Teel, April 
22, 1775, by the town treasurer " for one Barrel of Poark Suplied the minnit com- 
pany on their march," and April twenty-seventh Samuel Ober was paid one 
pound and four shillings " for his expenses on the road to Cambridge with a Load 
of Bread for the Army." 







:X^ 




^ >i 1 



RE VOL i 'TIONA R 1 ' WAR 



543 



answers to these Enquiries it be necessary for you to give any private 
Information, please to direct to Benja Greenleaf, Esq. sealed & inclose it 
in another letter (with your Information that may be communicated) 
sealed to the chairman of the Committee for this Town, by whose order 
& in whose behalf I am Your most humbe servt 

B. Greenleaf. 
To Hon. Artemas Ward Esq. or other commanding officer att Cam- 
bridge. 

The arrival and departure of troops and the forwarding of 
provisions and mihtary suppHes created considerable excite- 
ment in Newburyport, and the inhabitants were greatly alarmed 
by the report that several regiments of British soldiers were 
on the way from Ipswich " cutting and slashing all before 
them." 

On Friday afternoon, April twenty-first, the second day after the Lex- 
ington fight, the people of Newburyport held an informal meeting at the 
town house, and just as the reverend Thomas Cary was about opening 
the meeting with prayer a messenger rushed up stairs, in breathless haste, 
crying out, " For God's sake, turn out ! turn out ! or you will all be killed ! 
The regulars are marching this way, and will soon be here. They are 
now at Ipswich cutting and slashing all before them!" The messenger 
proved to be Mr. Ebenezer Todd, who stated that he had been sent from 
Rowley, to warn the people of their impending destrviction.' 

The news spread like wild fire, and being generally credited, the 
consternation became almost universal and as a large part of the militia 
had marched to the scene of action early the next morning after the fight 
at Lexington, the terror and alarm, among the women and children, was 
prcportionally increased, especially, as from all quarters was heard the 
cry, " The regulars are coming ! They are down to Old town bridge, cut- 
ting and slashing, and killing all before them ! They'll soon be here ! " 
It is remarkable that the same story, in substance, was simultaneously 
told from Ipswich to Coos. In every place the report was that the reg- 
ulars were but a few miles behind them. In Newbury, New town, it was 
said they had advanced as far as Artichoke river, at Newburyport 
they were at Old town bridge ; there they were said to be at Ipswich, 
while at the latter place the alarm was the same. Mr. Eliphalet 
Hale, of Exeter, was at the latter place, and waited to ascertain 
the correctness of the report. Learning that it was without foundation 
he made haste to undeceive the people by riding from Ipswich to New- 

1 Mr. Ebenezer Todd was evidently requested by some one in authority to carry 
the news to Newbury and although misinformed in regard to the true condition 
of affairs at Ipswich, he was, nevertheless, like Paul Revere, a messenger sent 
to warn and save. 



544 



HIS TOR Y OF NE WB UK YPOR T 



bury in fifty minutes. In the meantime all sorts of ludicrous things were 
done by men and women to escape impending destruction. All sorts of 
vehicles, filled with all sorts of people, together with hundreds on foot, 
were to be seen moving with all possible speed further north, somewhere 
to escape the terrible regulars. Their speed wss accelerated by persons 
who rode at full speed through the streets crying " Flee for your lives ! 
flee for your lives ! the regulars are coming ! 

Some crossed the river for safety. Some, in Salisbury, went to Hamp- 
ton and spent the night in houses vacated by their owners who had gone 
on the same errand farther north. The houses at Turkey hill were 
filled with women and children who spent the night in great trepidation. 
One man yoked up his oxen and taking his own family, and some of his 
neighbor's children in his cart, drove off to escape the regulars. Another 
having concealed all his valuable papers, under a great stone in his 
field, fastened his doors and windows and, having loaded his musket, re- 
solved to sell his life as dearly as possible. One woman having concealed 
all her pewter and silver ware in the well, filled a bag with pies and other 
edibles, and set off with it and her family for a safer place, but having 
travelled some distance and deposited her bag to make some enquiry she 
found on her return that there had been " cutting and slashing " not in- 
deed, by the regulars among the people, but by the irregulars among her 
provisions. Another woman, as I am informed, having nm four or five 
miles, in great trepidation, stopped on the steps of reverend Mr. Noble's 
meeting house to nurse her child and found to her great horror, that she 
had brought off the cat and left the child at home. In another instance 
Mr [ ] having placed his family on board of a boat, to go to Ram 

island for safety, was so annoyed with the crying of one of his children 
that he exclaimed, in a great fright, " Do throw that squalling brat over- 
board or we shall all be discovered." Mr. J — L — seeing Mr. C — H — , 
a very corpulent man, standing at his door with his musket loaded in- 
quired of him if he was not going. " Going? no,'' said he " I am going 
to stop and shoot the devils !" Propositions were made by some persons 
to destroy Thorla's and the river Parker bridges, while many acted a 
more rational part and resolutely refused to move a step or credit the 
whole of the flying stories without more evidence. How, or by whom, or 
with what motives, the report was first started no one can tell. It lasted 
in Newburv and Newburyport but one night.' 

Benjamin Greenleaf, in the following letter, written after 
the excitement had subsided, states that it was caused by the 
discovery of several small vessels at the mouth of Ipswich 
river, supposed to belong to the enemy and seeking an oppor- 
tunity to liberate prisoners in jail there : — 

1 History of Newbury (Coffin), pp. 245 and 247; and History of Newbury (Cur- 
rier), pp. 5S9-591. 



REVOLUTIONARY WAR 545 

Newburyport, April 22, i 775. 

Gentlemen : We have now received information from the commit- 
tee of safety at Cambridge who are appointed by the Province, that they 
have a sufficient number of men arrived and therefor would not have any 
more come from the northward for the present, but think it needful they 
should be ready to guard the sea-coasts in their own neighborhood. 
Pray forward this intelligence as far as may be needful and with as much 
dispatch as possible. 

We were unhappily thrown into distress yesterday, by false accounts 
received by two or three persons, and spread abroad, of a number of 
Soldiers being landed at Ipswich and murdering the inhabitants. We 
have since heard that it arose in the first place from a discovery of some 
small vessels near the entrance of their River, — one at least known to 
lie a Cutter, — and it was apprehended that they were come to relieve 
the captives there in jail. I am, gentlemen, your most humble servant 

B. Greenleaf. 

To the Committee of Correspondence in Hampton, N. H.' 

Preparations were made immediately to provide men and 
money for the defence of the province and two vokinteer com- 
panies were enhsted and equipped for the service. The diary 
of Caleb Haskell states that he enlisted May 5, 1775, in Capt. 
Ezra Lunt's company, that officers were chosen Monday 
morning, May eighth, and " in the afternoon Mr. Parsons gave 
us a discourse suitable to the occasion from Judges 7^'^ and 
20*'\" On Wednesday, the tenth day of May, the company 
attended service in the meeting house then standing in Mar- 
ket square, and in the afternoon marched to Ipswich, remain- 
ing there over night, on their way to Cambridge. - 

1 American Archives, fourth series, vol. II., p. 374. 

- The selectmen of Newburyport, drew an order May 10, 1775, " in favour of 
Capt. Ezra Lunt for Eighteen Pound, it being for the use of his Company now 
Enlisted to serve in the Provintial Service ; to be Delivered each man six shillings 
a peace ^iS." 

Mrs. E. Vale Smith in her history of Newburyport, published in 1854, page 86, 
says: " The Rev. Jonathan Parsons having made an appeal at the close of one of his 
sermons in which he called on his hearers to form volunteer companies, invited 
those to walk out into the broad aisle who would do so. Mr. Ezra Lunt was the 
first to come forward; others followed and a volunteer company was immediately 
formed with Ezra Lunt as captain. His was the first volunteer company formed 
for the purpose of joining the Continental army." 

This incident may have happened at the time and place named but no mention 
is made of it in the funeral sermon preached in July, 1776, a few days after the 
death of Rev. Jonathan Parsons, nor in the diary of Caleb Haskell quoted above. 
Paul Lunt, a relative of Ezra Lunt and a lieutenant in his company, does not al- 
lude to it in his diary published in the proceedings of the Massachusetts Historical 



546 HIS TORY OF NE WB UR YPOR T 

The names of the officers and men who served in the com- 
pany under the command of Ezra Lunt are recorded in the 
Revohitionary rolls at the state house in Boston as follows : — ' 

Ezra Lunt, Captain, Age 32 William Coker, Corjjoral, Age 24 

Paul Lunt, Lieutenant, " 28 Benjamin Pearson, Dnunmer, " 22 

Nathaniel Montgomery, " " 24 Bishop Norton, Lifer, " 23 

Robert Fowle, Sergeant, " 32 Daniel Ela, Private, " 25 

Nathaniel Mitchell, " " 23 Enoch Pierce, " " 20 

John Mc'Larty, " " 26 Parker Chase, " "31 

Edmund Morse, " "25 Michael Caswell, " " 22 

Timothy Palmer, " " 23 Moses Moore, " " 20 

William Holliday, Coiporal, " 21 Nathaniel Smith, " " 22 

Moses Kimball, " "22 John Peny, " "19 

Eliphalet Pilsbury, " " 24 Robert Marshall, " " 20 

Society, in February, 1872, and no reference to it can be found in the biographical 
sketches of Mr. Parsons published previous to 1850. 

It is certain, however, that Rev. John Murray, who succeeded Rev. Jonathan 
Parsons as pastor of the First Presbyterian church, was called upon to assist the 
selectmen of Newburyport in securing volunteers and equipping them for service 
in the field. He evidently succeeded in raising a full company in a very short 
time under very discouraging circumstances. The incident is described as follows 
in a funeral sermon preached, April 7, 1793, by Rev. James Miltimore, three 
weeks alter the death of Rev. Mr. Murray: 

" At a time in which the face of our affairs wore a frowning aspect, a loud and 
urgent demand was made for augmenting our forces in the field of war and New- 
buryport was called upon to furnish a full company, officers and men, for actual 
service. So many were the discouragements to be contended with, arising from 
the depreciated state of our currency, and the broken disheartened state of our 
army that the Officers and tlentlemen to whom this business was committed, la- 
bored day after day in vain . Three days were spent in unsuccessful efforts. On 
the fourth it was m.oved that the Rev. Mr. Murray should be invited to address 
the Regiment then underarms. To the Committee appointed to present this re- 
quest, he answered that he viewed with sensible pain the ill success of every effort 
which had been made and that nothing in his power should be wanting. 

" He consented to be escorted to the parade and from thence with the whole 
Regiment to the Meeting house. There he pronounced a spirited and animated 
address. His whole audience was all attention and tears gushed from many eyes. 
Soon after the assembly was dismissed, a member of this Church appeared to take 
command of the Company, and in the short term of two hours the company was 
filled, and in a few days actually marched to join our distressed Army." 

1 Massachusetts Archives (Revolutionary Rolls), vol. LVL, p. 87. 

Another list, in volume XV., p. 52, gives the names substantially as printed 
above with a few unimportant variations. 

Capt. Ezra Lunt''s company was in active service from the second day of May 
to the middle of September. The officers and many of the men re-enlisted for 
three months. Paul Lunt, lieutenant, remained with the company in the vicinity of 
Prospect hill until Saturday, the twenty-third day of December, 1775. See his 
diary published in the Proceedings of the Massachusetts Historical Society in Feb- 
ruary, 1872. 

The word "(Quebec " is written opposite the names marked with a star (*) in 
the above list, indicating that the persons so designated had enlisted in the expe- 
dition that sailed from Newburyport September 19, 1775, under the command of 
Col. Benedict Arnold. 



REVOLUTIONARY WAR 



547 



John Smith, P 


rivate. 


Age 20 


*Wm Shackford, Private, 


Age 22 


Samuel Stickney, 


" 


U -y^ 


*Thos. Gould, " 


» 24 


Moses Rofjers, 


11 


" 19 


*Enoch Richardson, " 


" 24 


John Chase, 


K 


" 1 8 


*Moses Cross, " 


" 26 


Abram Knowhon, 


" 


" 18 


*Nath. Babson, " 


" 25 


Timothy Condry, 


U 


" 16 


*Jonathan Stickney, " 


" 29 


David Pearson, 


" 


" 19 


*John Sleeper, " 


" 21 


David Rogers, 


u 


" 18 


*Moses George, " 


" 35 


Nathaniel Warner, 


" 


" 19 


*Thomas Bolter, " 


" 18 


Richd Hanuel took Joseph 




*Josiah Carr, " 


" 22 


Woods place, 




" 30 


*John Goodhue, " 


» 20 


Sami Lankester, 




" T- 


* Jacob Tme, " 


" 21 


Thomas Hammond, 




"25 


*Mayo Greenleaf, " 


K 0^ 


John Mitchell, 




" 20 


*John Carr Roberts, " 


" 26 


Richd Shay, 




" 29 


*Enoch Frost, " 


" 27 


Benjamin Davis, 




" 18 


*Jessie Emery, " 


" 24 


Skipper Lunt, 




" 19 


*Barth\v Spooner, " 


" 20 


James Pinder, 




" 25 


*Moses Merrill, " 


" 19 


Richd Goodwin, 




" 34 


*John Shackford, " 


" 19 


*Caleb Haskell, 




u 21 







Another company was organized and mustered into service 
a few days later. Tlie names of the officers and men are re- 
corded in the Revolutionary rolls as follows : — ' 



Benjamin Perkins, Captain, Age 
Joseph Whittemore, 1st Lieut., " 
William Stickney, 2nd Lieut., " 
Samuel Foster, Sergeant, " 
Amos Pearson, " " 

Thomas Frothingham, " " 
Thomas Wescomb, " " 

Moses Sleeper, Coiporal, " 
Michael Toppan, " " 

Sami Wyatt, " " 

William Currier, " " 

Richard Hale, 
John West Folsam, Fifer, 
John Britt, Private, 

Thomas Boardman, " 

Jonathan Carter, " 



26 

33 

29 

24 
26 

30 
28 



23 



Drummer, " 21 



Moses Carr, 
Joseph Davis, 
William Eliot, 
Benj" Eaton, 
Isaac Frothingham, 
Jacob Foss, 
Samuel Harris, 
Thomas Harris, 
Amos Hale, 
Philip Johnson, 
Charles Jarvis, 
Joseph Knight, 
Abel Kent, 
Jacob Knap, 
John Kittle, 
Daniel Lane, 



Private, Age 20 

" " 2 c 
" " 20 

u tc 27 

" 28 
u 30 



18 

18 

36 
18 

20 

19 
26 

23 



1 Massachusetts Archives (Revolutionary Rolls), vol. LVL, p. 85; see, also, vol. 
XV., p. 85, for substantially the same list with a few names omitted and new ones 
inserted in their places. Most of the men in this company enlisted May ninth, 
and served until August i, 1775. 



548-. HI ST OR Y OF NE WB UR YPOR T 

Thomas Merrill, Private, Age i8 Jeremiah Smith, Private, Age 21 

Joseph Mitchell, " "21 Daniel Sumerby, " " 20 

Jonathan Norton, " " 20 Paul Stevens, " "18 

Moses Newman, " "25 Joseph Stickney, » " 20 

Joseph Noyes, " "21 Joseph Sumerby, " " 20 

Simeon Noyes, " "17 Zebulon Titcomb, " " 20 

Samuel Nelson, " « 26 Benjn Hall Toppan, " » 22 

Moses Pigeon, » "27 Abram Toppan, " " ig 

Benjn Perkins, " " 26 Stephen Wyatt, " " 24 

Silas Parker, " "27 Moses Witcher, '< " 24 

Joseph Pettingail, " "21 John Wyatt, " " 20 

Edmond Rogers, " "28 Jacob Willard, » " ig 

Joseph Somerby, " » ig Benoni Eaton Knap, " " 2g 

Edward Swain, '< " 22 

May 15, 1775, the selectmen of Newburyport were author- 
ized to purchase food, firearms, and ammunition for the sup- 
port and equipment of the men enlisted in the provincial 
service.' 

Voted that the selectmen be authorized and impowered to store such 
quantities of Provisions and of such kinds as they may think proper to 
serve the purposes of the Town & province as there may be occasion, 
and to dispose of the same according to their discretion. 

Voted that the Select men first having the approbation and concur- 
rence of the Committee of Safety are authorized and impowered to pur- 
sue such measures and to make such preparations as they may think 
prudent for the common safety and well being of the Town and Country 
and to make drafts on the Town Treasurer to discharge the expenses 
that may accrue, and the Town Treasurer is impowered and directed to 
hire such sums of money on interest as may be needed to answer all such 
drafts as the Select men may have occasion to make. 

Voted that the selectmen be impowered to provide arms and other 
necessaries for diose men who have Inlisted or may Inlist in the Province 
service and may need a.ssistance, and likewise to supply such of their 
Families as they may think proper with things necessary for their sup- 
port, charging the same so that it may be cliped out of their wages. - 

Capt. Moses IJttle of Newbury was appointed colonel of the 

1 Newburyport Town Records, vol. I., pp. 232 and 233. 

- May 17, 1775, the selectmen approved an order for seventy-six dollars payable 
to Capt. Benjamin Perkins, " it being for the use of his company to be Distributed 
amongst his men at 6 — a peace to be stopt out of their wages ^22, i6s," and on 
the twenty-second day of May they authorized the town treasurer to pay Capt. 
Ezra Lunt five pounds and two shillings " for his Bill Riding Post to Cambridge 
as per his Bill on File." 



RE VOL UTIONAK Y WAR 



549 



seventeenth regiment in the provincial army June 15, 1775. 
The companies under the command of Capt. Ezra Lunt ' and 
Capt. Benjamin Perkins- formed a part of that regiment and 
were engaged in the battle at Bunker hill. 

Captain Lunt's company was held in reserve but did good 
service in protecting the rear guard from the attack of British 
troops at the close of the conflict. Moses Pigeon^ and Samu- 
el Nelson^, in Captain Perkins' company, were killed ; Jonathan 
Norton'*, was taken prisoner ; and Joseph Whittemore,s lieuten- 
ant, Amos Pearson,^ sergeant, and Philip Johnson,*" private, 
were severely wounded. 

' Ezra Lunt, son of Matthew and Jane Lunt, was born April lo, 1743. In 1774 
he was part owner and pubhsher of the Essex Journal and Merrimack Packet and 
the pioprietor of a four-horse stage coach advertised to leave Newburyport for 
Boston every Monday morning. See chapter X., pp. 390 and 395. 

After the battle of Bunker hill, Captain Lunt re-enlisted in the Continental 
army, and had command of a company under Col. Moses Little at Long Island and 
in New Jersey. At the close of the war he was granted an innholder's license by the 
selectmen of Newburyport . He leased a dwelling house, near the corner of Fed- 
eral and Water streets, which he occupied as a tavern for several years. In Shay's 
rebellion he had command of a company that marched from Newburyport and 
served for several months in the western part of the state of Massachusetts. See 
chapter II., pp. 88-91. In 1789, or a year or two later, he removed to Ohio, 
where he died in 1803. 

- Benjamin Perkins, son of Matthew and Anne Perkins, was born December 8, 
1749. He learned the trade of a coppersmith and was appointed lieutenant in 
the company that marched from Newburyport, under the command of Capt. 
Moses Nowell, immediately after the Lexington alarm in April, 1775. ^^ '^^e 
month of June following, he was captain of a company in the seventeenth regi- 
ment under the command of Col. Moses Little. After the battle of Bunker hill 
he re-enlisted and was with the army in New V'ork and New Jersey until the close 
of the year 1776. He owned and occupied a dwelling house on Fair street for 
many years (Essex Deeds, book 134, leaf 51, and book 162, leaf 78). He died 
in Newburyport March 9, 1797, and was buried in the Old Hill burying-ground. 

3 Memorial of the American Patriots who fell at the battle of Bunker Hill, 
fourth edition, published by order of the city council of the city of Boston. 

* History of the Siege of Boston (Frothingham), second edition, 1851. 

" "To the Honbl Counciil & House of Representatives in Gen' Court assembled 
Humbly Sheweth, Joseph Whitmore a Lieut, in Capt. Benj. Perkins Company in 
ye 17*11 Regt of foot commanded by Col. Moses Little that on ye i7tli day of June 
A. D. 1775 in the Battle on Bunker Hill that your Memorialist was dangerously 
wounded in the thigh, the Hospital being att that time full of sick and wounded 
soldiers, it was thot proper to send your memoralist to Newbury Port where he 
lay under ye Doctor's hand till the Eighth day of August; the cost of nursing, 
Boarding &c. amounting to the sum of £b. 11. 6; The Doctors bill amounting to 
the Sum of £2. 11. as by the ace's annexed may appear. Your Memorialist 
therefore prays that your Honrs would allow him for his Expenses as in such 
Cases has been usual or as your honours shall see meet & your petitioner as in 
Duty bound will ever pray. Joseph Whiitemore. 

" March 25, 1776." 

(Massachusetts Archives, vol. CLXXX., p. 365.) 

'' Historical and Topographical Sketch of Bunker Hill Battle by Col. Samuel 
Swett. * 



550 



HIS TOE V OF NE IV B UR YPOR T 



Two heavy cannon, belonging to the town of Newburyport, 
were probably captured by the English troops. Subsequent- 
ly, the following statement in regard to the loss of these can- 
non was made in a petition presented to the General Court by 
Nicolas Pike, town clerk : — 

This town was possessed of two Field pieces, with carriages, which up- 
on the Lexington Alarm we sent down to the Army & they were after- 
wards lost at the Bunker Hill Engagement.' 

The provincial congress ha\-ing requested the selectmen of 
Newburyport to send several barrels of gunpowder to Cam- 
bridge, Benjamin Greenleaf, chairman of the committee of 
safety, replied, June 22, 1775, that the stock of powder in the 
town was barely sufficient to supply the batteries erected on 
Plum island if they should be attacked by armed vessels, and 
closed with the following statement : — 

We are therefore very loath to part with the little we have unless the 
public cause renders it absolutely necessary, in which case we shall read- 
ily give up the last ounce, the destruction of this Town being a trivial 
matter in our estimation compared with a final defeat of the army.- 

The same day, Stephen Hooper wrote to the president of the 
provincial congress as follows : — 

Newburyport June 22, 1775. 
Sir :— 

In a Letter I reed yesterday from ye Committee for the Town of 
Portsmouth in Newhampshire I am acquainted with their having rec^ 
50 Bi Flour from Baltimore for the use of your suffering Brethren in 
Boston with Directions to deliver the same to mv order & that the Flour 
now waits my Pleasure ; they also acquaint me of their Inclinations to pur- 
chase it for the use of their own Troops. I should therefore be glad to 
receive the Opinion of ye congress relative to its Disposal as soon as may 
be, as the aforementioned Committee wait my answer. 

I am your most obedient servant 

Stephen Hooper. 
To the President of the Congress now sitting at Watertown.a 

' Mas-sachusetts Archives, vol. CLXXX., pp. 350 and 351. 

- Massachusetts Archives, vol. CXCIIL, p. 390 ; American Archives, fourth 
series, vol. IL, p. 1062. 

•' Massachusetts Archives, vol. CXCIII., p. 392. 



REVOLUTIONARY WAR 551 

June 23, 1775, a committee, consisting of Mr. Offin Board- 
man, Capt. Benjamin Limt, Mr. Moses Hoyt, Capt. Moses 
Nowell, Capt. Ralph Cross, Capt. David Coates and Capt. 
Charles Cook, was appointed to obstruct the channel of the 
Merrimack river by sinking wooden piers, near Black Rocks, 
in order to prevent vessels from passing in or out unless in 
charge of pilots familiar with the harbor." On the twenty- 
fifth day of June, the provincial congress, at Watertown, 
voted to provide not less than six armed vessels for the pro- 
tection of American trade and commerce, and three days later 
voted to raise, in Essex county, ten companies, consisting" of 
fifty men each, to be stationed on the sea coast in the towns 
of Lynn, Gloucester, Marblehead, Salem, Ipswich, Newbury, 
Newburyport and Salisbury. 

A battery was erected on the Salisbury shore and the next 
vear a fort was built near the northern extremity of Plum 
island. 

[July 6, 1775] voted that the Committee of Safety cause a small ves- 
sel with a convenient number of men on Board to be placed near the 
Piers that are sunk in the River in order to pilate our Friends in & to 
pre\'ent our Enemies coming upon us unawares, or from sounding the 
River to find the Depth of water.- 

The cost of sinking the piers and erecting the battery w^as 
paid in part by the inhabitants of Newburyport, Salisbury, 
Amesbury and other towns on the river.^ 

Two or three weeks after the completion of the piers, the 
escape of Bridget Phillips, who had been sent to Newburyport 
for safe keeping, created considerable excitement as appears 
from the following papers on file at the state house in 
Boston : — 

To the Honorable Provincial Congress at Watertown, June 22, 1775. 

The petition of Bridget Philips humbly showeth that she hath lately 
arrived from Ireland and is desirous of going to her husband now in Bos- 

1 Newburyport Town Records, vol. I., p. 237. 

- Newburyport Town Records, vol. I., p. 239. 

^ Newburyport Town Records, vol. I., p. 241. 

In 1779, some of the piers were carried away by the heavy spring freshet, and 
the selectmen were authorized to sell the floating battery '' and such parts of the 
Piers as may come on shore." Newburyport Town Records, vol. I., p. 313. 



552 HIS TORY OF NE IV B UR YFOR T 

ton. She therefore prays the Honorable Congress that they would give 
her a permit to go into the town of Boston & your petitioners as in duty 
bound will ever pray. Bridget Philips.' 

In answer to this petition the following resolution was 
adopted June 24, 1775 : — 

Resolved, that General Ward do not suffer or permit Bridget Phillips, 
wife to an officer under General Gage, to go into Boston, nor any other 
person whatever, without leave first obtained of this Congress, or some 
future house of representatives ; and that an express be forthwith sent to 
the committee of safety for the town of Newburj-port, to order them to 
take the most affectual measures to prevent the said Bridget from going 
out of this province, or to Boston. 

The order was not strictly enforced however, and the pris- 
oner, by a clever device, escaped to the province of New 
Hampshire, as stated in the following letter : — 

Newburvport 26th July 1775. 
Sir : — 

We received some time since a Resolve of the late Congress order- 
ing that Bridget Phillips (who called herself the wife of a Capt. Phillips 
in Gen. Gage's Army) should not leave the Province & that the Commit- 
tee here be desired to attend to her. Upon the receipt of it we appHed 
to the Tavern Keeper, at whose house she was, to keep an eye upon her 
movements & to inform us should she take any suspicious steps, at the 
same time informing her she must not leave the Province. This she 
judged to be very harsh, but appeared for a month past so to acquiesce in 
it as to elude any suspicion in us that she would take pains for her escape. 
Upon the arrival of the New General at Cambridge she seemed to flatter 
herself, her case might be more tenderly considered by them & that upon 
application they would permit her going to her husband. This she 
mentioned to several of the committee but was told she must not go lo 
Cambridge without Consent of the Majority of them. However that she 
never asked & the i8th Ins* she took place in a Chaise with Capt John 
Blake (formerly of Boston) from hence to Salem, giving out she was 
going to Head Quarters at Cambridge. The Tavern Keeper (Mr. Green- 
leaf) supposing it not beyond her limits by the Order & from a faulty 
Inattention never gave the Committee notice. It was not for a day or 
two known by us that she was gone. Upon enquiry we find that she 
hired a Chaise & Boy at Salem & in company with Benj" Jenks (who is 
said to belong to Casco Bay) she went the next day to Haverhill & the 
next to Portsmouth & by the assistance of this Jenks procured herself to 

' Massachusetts Archives, vol. CLXXX., p. 62. 



REVO Li 'TIONAK \ ' WAR 



553 



be put on board the Scarborough Man of War there. This IntelHgence 
was bro't us by the said Mr. Greenleaf whom we sent in pursuit of her. 
As she was a Woman & appeared of Some Fashion, we did not think 
it expedient to put her under close Confinement neither did we suppose 
by the Order it was intended. She left here two Trunks supposed to 
contain valuable apparrell which might prevent in Mr. Greenleaf the ap- 
prehention of her intending to go off. We judged it proper to give you 
this information & as she wrote for her Trunks to be sent to Boston we 
beg your Order about the delivery of "em. Upon this occasion give us 
leave to remark what we hinted formerly to the Committee of War at 
Cambridge, the ease with which an escape may at any time be made to 
the stationed ship at Portsmh as things are now ordered. 
We are respectfully 

Your obedt servnts 

JONA. TiTCOMB. 

p. order of the Committee. 
To the Honb James Warren, Esq., speaker of the House of Represen- 
tatives, to be communicated.' 

When this letter was read to the members of the General 
Court assembled at Watertown, the following preamble and 
resolutions were adopted : — 

In the House of Representatives, August 8, 1775. 

Whereas one Bridget Phillips who said she was a wife to one of the 
officers in Genl Gages Army was by the late Congress of this Colony put 
under the care of the committee of safety of Ne\vbur3port, has since 
made her escape from them (as by a letter from said committee may ap- 
pear and has left some effects behind). 

Therefore, Resolved, that the committeeof safety of Newburyport take 
into their custody the trunks and other effects which belonged to the said 
Bridget Phillips and them safe keep and detain untill the further order of 
this Court. Also further Resolved that the committees of safety or cor- 
respondence of any of the Towns in this Colony are hereby directed to 
take into Custody one John Blake (formerly of Boston) with whom the 
said Bridget Phillips made her Escape from Newburyport, and one Ben- 
jamin Jenks (said to belong to Casco Bay) in whose Company the said 
Bridget went to Portsmouth and by his assistance was secured on board 
the ship Scarborough then in that Harbour, and the said Committee of 
any town where the said Blake or Jenks maybe taken or found are direct- 
ed to Hear & examine the above charge against the said Blake and 
Jenks or either of them according to the evidence which they may have 
of either of them or of their crimes .S: if it shall be made to appear to the 

' Massachusetts Archives, vol. CXCIV., pp. 109- no. 



554 ^^^ ^OJ^ y OF NE WB I 'R YPOR T 

Committee, on said tryal, that the said Blake & Jenks, or either of them, 
are guihy of the charge alleged against him or them that then they cause 
him or them to be kept in safe custody untill the further order of this 
court, and its Recommended to the several committees in seaport towns 
to take such measures as shall appear most elTectual to warrant any other 
person who may be Inimical to their Countrj- making their Escape, in 
such manner, for the future." 

The subsequent history of Bridget Phillips is unknown. 
What became of her trunks and other effects is uncertain, and 
whether John Blake and Benjamin Jenks were arrested and 
punished for assisting her to escape is extremely doubtful. 

The Great and General Court met July 19, 1775, in the 
meeting house at Watertown. Capt. Jonathan Greenleaf and 
Mr. Stephen Cross represented the inhabitants of Newbury- 
port and introduced the following resolutions which were 
adopted : — 

[In the House of Representatives, August i, 1775] Resolved that the 
Town of Newbur\-port having been at a great expense to procure Pow- 
der & Cannon for their Defence that Orders be given to the Committee 
of Supplies to furnish them with the following articles on account of this 
Colony, viz : 

60 Rounds 2 Inch Shott 

60 do 21-2 do 

60 do 3 do 

30 do for one 32 Rounds 

30 do for one 24 do 

40 Cannisters grape shott - 
[In the House of Representatives August 18, 1775] Resolved That 
Capt Jonathan Greenleaf be paid out of the Public Treasury of this 
Colony the sum of Fifty Two Pounds, Thirteen Shills & 4 pence in full 
for six half Barrels of Powder lent the Colony and for carting the same 
to Head Quarters, and also that the Town of Newbury Port be not pre- 
cluded from Calling upon the Colony for Four other Half Barrels above 
mentioned if the necessity of their case may require it, they paying the 
Colony the money already receiv^ed therefor.3 

1 Massachusetts Archives, vol. CXXXVIIL, p. 217. 

- Massachusetts Archives, vol. CCVI., p. 95; Massachusetts Archives (Court 
Records), vol. XXXIII., p. 30; and American Archives, fourth series, vol. III., 
p. 297. 

^ Massachusetts Archives (Court Records), vol. XXXIII., p. 133. The sum 
named in the above resolve was paid by the treasurer of the colony in settlement 
of the following bill: — 



RE VOL UTIONAK Y WAR 



555 



The committee of safety, correspondence and inspection, ap- 
pointed in September, 1774, having served for one year, a 
new committee, consisting of the following-named persons, was 
chosen September 13, 1775 : — 



Capt. Jonathan Titcomb ~] 
John Lowell, Esq. 
Mr. Stephen Cross 
Mr. Richard Smith 
Mr. Abel Greenleaf 

Benjamin Greenleaf, Esq. 

Tristram Dalton, Esq. 

William Atkins, Esq. 

Capt. Jonathan Greenleaf 

Mr. Jonathan Jackson 

Mr. Edward Harris 

Capt. Ralph Cross 

Mr. Samuel Tufts 

Mr. Jonathan Marsh 

Mr. John Bromfield 

Capt. William Coombs 

Mr. Enoch Titcomb, Jr. 



Selectmen 



Capt. Jacob Boardman 
Capt. Moses Nowell 
Capt. David Coates 
Capt. Henry Titcomb 
Capt. Thomas Thomas 
Moses Little, Esq. 
Capt. Michael Hodge 
Mr. Daniel Moody 
Capt. WilHam Wyer 
Capt. Joseph Huse 
Mr. Edmund Bartlett 
Mr. Moses Bradstreet 



Capt. James Hudson.' 

" The Colony of Massachusetts Bay, To the Town of Newbury Port, 
1775. To 6 half Barrells of Powder at ;^i6. 13.4 .;^50. 0.0 

To 4 ditto supd the Town of York by order from the 

Committee of supplies 33. 6.8 

To John Little for cartg the above Powder lent the 
Colony & going to other Towns for dely 



By cash recti of Town of York 



2.13.4 

;^86. 0.0 
17. 12.0 



Selectmen 



(Select}, 
of 
A^eTobury 



^68 .8.0 



Port. 



JONA Titcomb 

Abiel Greenleaf 

Rich" Smith 
Newbury Port 4th of August, 1775 
(Massachusetts Archives, vol. CCVL, p. 274.) 

August 22, 1775, the following bill was approved by the General Court and 
ordered to be paid: — 

" Colony of the Massachusetts Bay To Stephen Cross, Dr. 

1775- 
August 3. To 40 French arms purchased of Capt. \Vm Coombs 

per order of the Hon'e House of Representatives 

at 42/. 84.0.0 

Errors Excepted. Stephen Cross." 

(Massachusetts Archives, vol. CCVL, p. 300.) 

On the ninth day of October, Mr. Cross was allowed one pound and sixteen 
shillings for transportmg forty fire arms from Newburyport to VVatertown. (Mas- 
sachusetts Archives, vol. CCVL p. 425.) 

1 Newburyport Town Records, vol. L, p. 240. 



556 HIS TOR Y OF NE IV B UR YPOR T 

Two or three days later a detachment, consisting of ten 
companies of musket-men, from New England, and three com- 
panies of rifle-men, from Virginia and Pennsylvania, under the 
command of Col. Benedict Arnold, arrived in Newburyport, 
and embarked for the mouth of the Kennebec river, on their 
way to Quebec. Three companies encamped on the high- 
land at the corner of Rolfe's lane, now Ocean avenue, and 
High street, in Newbury, and the rest of the troops were 
lodged in the town house and in two unoccupied rope-walks in 
Newburyport. 

Col. Christopher Green, Col. Roger Enos, Major Return 
J. Meigs and Major Timothy Bigelow were officers in the ex- 
pedition under Col. Benedict Arnold and Rev. Samuel Spring 
was chaplain. Aaron Burr, afterwards aid-de-camp to Gen. 
Richard Montgomery, and John Joseph Henry, afterwards 
judge of the second judicial district in Pennsylvania, served in 
the ranks as privates. 

Paul Lunt, a lieutenant in Capt. Ezra Lunt's company, sta- 
tioned at Prospect hill near Boston, wrote in his diary under 
date of Wednesday, September 13, 1775, as follows: — 

In the afternoon the regiment marched from Cambridge to Newbun,-- 
port, there to embark for Canada under the command of Colonel Arnold, 
Lieutenant-Colonel Greene and Major Bigelow. Captain Ward com- 
manded the company that the Newbury men enlisted in. 

Twenty men who had served in Captain Lunt's company 
from May to September enlisted in the expedition to Quebec. 
Caleb Haskell, whose name appears in the pay roll printed on 
page 547, wrote in his diary as follows : — ■ 

September lotli, Sunday. This morning I went on fatigue. In the af- 
ternoon I enlisted under the command of Capt. Ward for the expedition 
to Qviebec. 

September iith, Monday. This morning marched to Cambridge, 
joined Capt. Ward's company. Drew our clothing and got ready to 
march. Five prisoners were brought to Cambridge taken at Dorchester. 
In the evening I set out with a guard with provision : went as far as 
Lynn and put up at Newell's to wait there till the detachment came up. 

September 14th Thursday. This morning the detachment came up. 
We set out with them for Newburj-port ; marched as far as Beverly and 



REVOLUTIONARY WAR 



557 



put up. I got liberty to go on to Newbury : set out, arrived there i 
o'clock at night. 

September 15111 Friday. This afternoon the party arrived at N. Our 
company quartered in the Town House. 

September i6th Saturday. At Newbur3-port getting in readiness to 
embark for Kennebeck river. 

September 17th Sunday. Attended pubHc worship: heard the Rev. 
Mr. Spring ovir chaplain. 

September i8th Monday. This afternoon we embarked on board the 
transports. We had iioo men, commanded by Col. Arnold and Lieut.- 
Cols. Green and Enos. Eleven transports. 

September igth Tuesday. This day about 9 o'clock w-eighed our 
anchors and came to sail with a southwardly wind.' After we got over 
the bar we lav to, waiting for orders from the commodore. At ten 
o'clock received orders and made sail with tine breeze. 

Joseph Ware of Needham, Ma,ss., who accompanied the ex- 
pedition, gives substantially the same account of the arrival 
and departure of the troops in his diary published in 1852. 

[September 15, 1775] This morning marched briskly along and got 
into Newburyport at 8 o'clock at night where we were to make a stay for 
some days. 

16* In Newburyport, waiting for the vessels, getting readv to carry 
us to Kennebec. 

I 7th This day had a general review and our men appeared well, and 
in good spirits, and made a grand appearance and we had the praise of 
hundreds of spectators, who were sorry to see so many brave fellows 
going to be sacrificed for their country. 

I Sth Had orders to embark in the evening: our fleet consisted of 
eleven sail of vessels, — Sloops and schooners : our number of troops 
consisted of i 300 and 1 1 companies of musket men and three of rifie men. 
We all embarked this evening and lay in the river all night. 

igtli Early this morning weighed anchor with a pleasant gale, our 
colors Hying, drums and fifes a playing, and the hills all around covered 
with pretty girls weeping for their departed swains. - 

The diary of Major Return J. Meigs gives the details of 
the march from Cambridge with a few additional facts as 
follows : — 

' " Last Tuesday morning [September 19] the Troops destined for Canada 
under command of Col. Arnold sailed from this Town." Essex Journal and New 
Hampshire Packet, September 22, 1775. 

'- New England Historical and Genealogical Register, vol. VI., p. 129. 



558 HJS TOR Y OF NE WB UR YPOR T 

[September i6, 1775] In the morning continued our march and at 10 
o'clock A. M. arrived at Newburvport and encamped. 

I 7tii Sunday attended divine sen'ice at the Rev. Mr. Parsons' meeting 
at Newburjport. Dined at Mr. Nathaniel Tracy's. Weather fine. 

1 8th Preparing to embark. Dined at Mr. Dalton's. Weather fine. 

19th Embarked our whole detachment, consisting of 10 companies of 
musketmen and three companies of riflemen, amounting to 1 100 men on 
board 10 transports. I embarked myself on board the sloop Britannia. 
The fleet came to sail at 10 o'clock a. m. and sailed out of the harbour 
and lav to till one o'clock i'. m. when we received orders to sail for the 
river Kennebec, fifty leagues from Newbur}-port.' 

The transports arrived at the month of the Kennebec river 
on the twentieth of September, and sailed up the river the next 
day to Fort Western, nearly opposite a small settlement now 
known as the city of Augusta, Maine, where the troops were 
landed and Col. Benedict Arnold wrote the following letter : — 

Fort Western, 28*11 Sept. 1775. 
Mr. Nathaniel Tracv, 

Dear Sir: This will be handed you by Capt. Clarkson who will 
acquaint you with the particulars of our voyage, which has been very 
troublesome indeed. To Capt. Clarkson I am under many obligations 
for his activitv, vigilance and care of the whole fleet both on our passage 
and since our arrival here ; for which he may very possiblv be blamed 
by some of the other captains : but he has really merited much, and it 
will always give me a sensible pleasure to hear of his welfare and suc- 
cess as I think him very deserving. 

I must embrace this opportunity to acknowledge the manv favours re- 
ceived from you at Newbury — and am with my best respects to Mrs. 
Tracy, your brother and Mr. Jackson &c 

Dear Sir vours &c 

B. Arnold. - 

While these events ^vere transpiring the citizens of New- 
buryport, anxious to prevent the destruction of American com- 
merce, proposed to fit out a vessel with men, guns and 

1 Massachusetts Historical Society Collections, second series, vol. II., p. 227. 

In the account of "Arnold's Campaign against Quebec and of the Hardships and 
sufferings of that Band of Heroes who traversed the wilderness of Maine from 
Cambridge to the St. Lawrence in the autumn of 1775," by John Joseph 
Henry, published in 1S12 and republished in 1877, ^^ dates of the arrival and 
departure of the troops from Newburyport vary slightly from those given above^ 

^ Maine Historical Society. Collections, vol. I., p. 358. For further details 
relating to this expedition see Arnold's March from Cambridge to Quebec, by 
Justin H. Smith, published in 1903. 



RE VOL UTIOyAK Y WAR 



559 



ammunition to cruise along the coast, and the committee of 
safety prepared and presented the following statement of 
facts to the General Court : — 

Colony of Massachusetts Bay 
To the Hon. The Council & the Hon. House of Representatives of 
the Colony aforesd. 

The Committee of Safety for the Town of Newbury Port, beg Leave 
to represent, that the Harbour of this Town is so obstructed by Nature 
& so blocked up by certain Piers, which have been sunk at the Mouth 
of it that it is fitted for, & is already become an Assylum for many 
\'essells, who seek to avoid the piratical Ships of our Enemies: Yet as 
there are many small armed \'essells, which are cruising along all the 
shores of the Province, & frequently crossing this Bay. many Vessells 
some loaded with Provisions, & some with Fuel & Lumber, have been 
taken before they cou"d reach the Mouth of this Harbour, & sent to 
Boston, this we humbly conceive might in a great Measure be prevented, 
& this Bay, as well as Harbour, be safe from these Depredations, if an 
Armed Vessel!, was stationed in this River, which shou'd occasionally 
Cruise from Cape Ann, to Cape Elizabeth : many other advantages wou"d 
arise from such a Guard to this Part of the Coast ; it wou"d be a great 
security to the several Harbours, between the two Capes before men- 
ioned, for by sometimes taking a Station at the Isle of Shoals, she wou"d 
command most of those Harbours, &: prevent, their being annoy'd by 
Vessells belonging to the Enemy, unless they were of superior Force 
& we think we may add too, without vaunting, of much superior Force ; 
Now large Vessells of Force, cannot come very near this, & some other 
Harbours in this Bay, without great Hazard, nor can their Stay, be of 
any Continuance, so that the Risque from them, wou"d be small and 
doubtless many more \'essells from our Friends in the other Govern- 
ments; wou"d visit us, than now do : some Powder \'essells, are already 
expected here, others wou"d go for the same puipose. If this Measure 
took place, large Quantities of Lumber, Hour & Grain, might conven- 
ientlv and safely be bro't here for the use of the Army & perhaps they 
might be supplied thro" this Course, with more Ease, safety & Conven- 
ience, & with less Expence than thro" any other Channell. 

The said Committee, wou'd further represent to your Honours, that 
impressed with these Ideas, the Inhabitants of this Town, are ready to 
engage in such an Undertaking — It is not in their Power, to fit out & 
employ a Vessell of sufficient Force, at their own Expence ; they have al- 
ready greatly exerted themselves, in their own Defence, & in the com- 
mon Cause. The Mercantile Part of the Town, only, will receive a pecu- 
liar Benefit, & that — as their foreign Commerce is cut off — in a small pro- 
portion to the Public : but we will be at all the Trouble attending it ; we 
can procure a Vessell, a commander & Men on suitable Encouragement, 



5 6 o HIS TOR V OF NE IV B UR YPOR T 

6 there are now in the pay of the Government, two Companies Stationed 
in the Towns of Newbury & Newbury-port, out of which Companies, it 
is probable, a large part of the necessary Complement wou'd readily en- 
gage. — & we can also find, if necessary eight, or ten Carriage Guns, a 
number of Swivels, & a small Quantity of Powder & Provisions — the 
Committee, with the Leave of the Court, will attend to, & Direct the 
Motions of such a Vessell, so that she shall neither remain inactive, nor 
run into needless Danger. — Upon the whole, we beg leave to submit this 
our Proposal, to your wise Consideration, trusting that we shall at least 
stand excused, for our good Intentions, & as in Dutv bound, will ever pray. 

P order & in behalf of said Committee 

WlLLin C()()M1',.S 

Newburvport 27111 Septi- 1775. 

In the House of Representatives Sept. 29, 1775. 

Ordered, That Coll Theyer, Mr. Philips, and Mr Pitts, be a Committee 
to consider the foregoing Memorial and Report. 

In the House of Representatives (let'' : 2^' 1775. 

The Committee on the Representation made to this Court by the 
Commte of Safety for Newburyport report that a Commie to be join"d 
bv such as the honorable Board shall appoint wait on General Wash- 
ington, to acquaint him with the Subject matter of the Representation 
made by the Commee of Safety of Newburvport, that he mav determine 
whether it will not conduce to the publick Interest to take the \'essell 
therein refer'd to into the continental Service. — 

Read and accepted. 

Sent up for Concurrence 

J. Warren, Spkr. 

In Council Octo'' 3c' 1775 
Read & concurred, and Ordcrt'iL that Benja : Greenleaf Esq>', with 
such as the Honb' House shall join be a Committee for the puipose e.\- 
pressed in the above Report — 
Sent down for Concurrence 

Perez Morton, Dp'' Scoy. 

In the House of Representatives Oct. 3^1. 1775 
Read and Concurrd and Coll Orne and Mr. Pitts are join'd — 
Sent up William Cooler, Sph-i' Pro. Teiii. 

The Committee of both Houses appointed to wait on General Wash- 
ington to accjuaint him with the Subject Matter of the Representation 
made by the Committee of vSafety of Newburyport have attended that 
Service, and are informed by his Excellenc\' that it is his purpose to have 
some armed Vessells fitted out immediately on the Pay of the Continent 
for the puipose of crusing along the Sea Coast — That he intends to 
furnish Men for this Business from the Ai'my, as he has a sufficient Number 



KEVOLUTIOyARY WAR 561 

qualihed therefor he therefore decHnes takiiii^ the Vessel! refer"d to in 
the aforemention'd Representation into the Continental Service. 

B. CiREEXLEAF p'' Order 
In Council Octo>' : 4t'i : 1775 
Read & accepted — sent down for Concurrence 

Perez Morton, Dp'i Secry.^ 

Col. John Glover and Stephen Moylen. nitistei'-master-gen- 
eral of the province, were instructed by the commander-in-chief 
to charter two vessels and equip them for the defence of the 
sea coast. 

Caah' at CA.Mi'.RHXiE, Octobcr 4, 1775. 

His Excellency having resolved to equip two armed vessels, has em- 
powered vou to negotiate this business in which the following directions 
are to be observed. 

I St That the vessels be approved sailers and as well found as possible. 

2iid That you have an appraisement made of them by indifferent people . 

31:1 That you agree, at as reasonable a rate as }-ou can, for the hire of 
the vessels, and, if possible, procure the cannon and swivels on loan, and 
if not, purchase them at the cheapest rate per month. 

4tii If you cannot equip them suitably at Salem or Marblehead one 
of vou proceed to Newburyport where there are several vessels and sundry 
cannon provided, suitable for this purpose. 

7th All contracts entered into by you jointly, when together, or sepa- 
ratelv in case one should go to Newburyport, the General will ratifv and 
confirm. 

8th As soon as either of the vessels are in such forwardness as to be 
ready to sail in a few days, you are to send notice to Head Quarters that 
the officers and men mav march down. 

I am, Gentlemen, vour most obedient servant, 

George Washington.- 

On the elex'enth day of C^ctober, Colonel Glover and Stephen 
Mo\ien were notified that a large number of English trans- 
ports were hourly expected on the coast : — 

The General therefore directs that you will immediately set every hand 
to work that can be procured, and not a moment of time be lost in get- 
ting them [the vessels] ready. One of you will also proceed immediately 
to Newbury and take up a fourth vessel on the same service. There are 

' Massachusetts Archives, vol. CLXXX., pp. 163-165, 
^ American Archives, fourth series, vol. III., p. 946. 



562 HIS TOR Y OF NE\VBUR\ 'FOR T 

carpenters, guns &c to be had there, in great plenty : and let the same 
expedition be used to this vessel. On the day the vessels are ready to 
sail you will give us notice that we may despatch the crews.' 

October 24, 1775, the town was divided into four districts 
and the able-bodied men in each district were enrolled and or- 
ganized for military duty. The first district extended from 
South, now Bromfield, street, to King, now Federal, street. 
The second district from King street to Fish, now State, street. 
The third district, from Fish street to Queen, now Market, 
street. The fourth district from Queen street to North, now 
Oakland, street. - 

Charles Cook was appointed captain (jf the company organ- 
ized in the first district, Joseph Huse, captain of the company 
organized in the second district, Richard Titcomb, in the third 
district, and Ralph Cross, Jr., in the fourth district. 

The following-named persons were chosen captains of the 
heavy artillery guns, viz : Capt. Thomas Thomas, Capt. Joshua 
Titcomb, Capt. William Coombs, Capt. David Coates, Capt. 
William Friend and Capt. Michael Hodge. 

Voted that the Capt. of each Gun be impowered to inlist 8 men for the 
Large ones & six for the small ones each. 

The artillery company and the four companies of infantry 
were placed under the command of Jonathan Titcomb, colonel, 
Jonathan Jackson, lieutenant-colonel, and John Lowell, major. 
Capt. James Hudson was appointed "captain of Fort Merri- 
mack if approved of by Salisbury & Almsbury." 

The scarcity of gunpowder and other military stores led to 
the presentation of the following memorial to the General 
Court: — 

To the Hone the Council & House of Representatives of the Colony of 
Massachusetts Bay. 

The Memorial of Jacob Boardman of Newburyport sheweth. 

That your memorialist together with several others, Inhabitants of the 
same town, being anxiously concerned lest the American cause should 
suffer for want of a convenient supply of the articles necessary to make 

' American Archives, fourth series, vol. III., p. 1015. 
- Newburyport Town Records, vol. I., p. 244. 



REVOLUTIONARY WAR 563 

a vigorous Defence against the wicked attempts of our Enemies have 
entertained Thoughts of sending a V^essel to some part of Europe for the 
purpose of procuring Gunpowder & other mihtary stores : and they have 
so far prepared for a voyage of this sort as to have raised upwards of 
Two Thousand Pounds Lawi Money to be laid out for articles of that 
sort, besides a sum sufficient to purchase a vessell to bring it in. They 
will, however, have no Desire to proceed any further in this Design if it 
should be made Known to them that their Endeavors in this Regard will 
not probably tend to the advantage of the Public. But if on the other 
hand, your Honors should so consider the matter as to think fit to give them 
suitable Encouragement they will proceed with alacrity to accomplish 
their proposed Plan. All which is humbly submitted by your Honors 
dutiful memorialist. 

Jacob Board.man. 
Watertowx, Dec. 15, 1775.' 

In answer to this petition the General Court paesed the 
following resolution : — 

In the House of Representatives Dec. 20, 1775. 
Resolved that the vessel mentioned in the memorial of Jacob Board- 
man, belonging to Newbur3-port, be permitted to proceed on a voyage to 
any part of Europe, the Dominions of Great Britain excepted, for the 
puipose of procuring Gun Powder & other Military Stores for the service 
of this Colony ; Provided the owners of ye vessel enter into Bonds, with 
suiificient surety, in the sum of Four Hundred rounds to be taken by the 
Committee of Safety of Newbury Port, in the name of the Treasurer of 
this Colony, that sd vessel shall Proceed upon sd voyage with all possible 
dispatch & bring nothing back except Gun Powder & other military 
stores and to land the same in some port of this Colony, Boston and 
Nantucket Excepted, and that sd vessel shall proceed in Ballast without 
any other Loading, and this Colony engages to take all the Powder 
brought in sd Vessel giving for ye same at the rate of five shillings per 
pound on delivering the same to the commissary of this Colony. - 

When the vessel owned by Jacob Boardman and others had 
completed her voyage and discharged her cargo in Newbury- 
port, the General Court passed the following resolution : — 

In the House of Representatives May 7, i 776. 
Resolved that Col. Ome Mr Webster & Major Moody or the major part 
of them be a Committee forthwith to apply to Mr. Jacob Boardman and 

^ Massachusetts Archives, vol. CLXXX., p. 249. 

- Massachusetts Archives, vol. CLXXX., p. 249 1-2. 



5 64 HIS TOR Y OF NE IVB L 'A' YPOR T 

others who have lately Imported Powder into Newburj-port for the Pur- 
chasing the said Powder on acct of this Colony and if the said Boardman 
and Company shall refuse to sell said Powder agreeable to the Encourage- 
ment given them by this Court for the Importation thereof (as is reported) 
that the Committee aforesaid purchase the same on the best terms it can 
be obtained not exceeding six shillings per pound. 

In Council Read & Concurred Consented to by Fifteen of the Council.' 

The alDove-named committee was instructed to store the 
powder, '* provided the wdiole quantity is purchased," in suit- 
able places in the following-named towns : — - 

In f^almouth in Casco Bay 900 lbs. 

" Gloucester 1000 " 

" Marblehead 1000 " 

" Danvers 2500 " 
" Salem 500 " 

" Beverly 250 " 

" Watertown 4000 " 

" Roxbury 4000 " 

" Concord 5000 " 

" Stoughton 2000 " 

The owners of the powder evidently declined to sell it at the 
price offered and the General Court authorized the committee, 
consisting of Colonel Orne and others, to seize it for the use 
of the army. 

[May 10, 1776] Resolved that Col' Orne and others who are a Com- 
mittee appointed to purchase a Quantity of Powder lately imported into 
Newburjport be and they hereby are impowered to impress sd Powder 
and secure it for the use of this Colony provided that the Importers of 
sd Powder, or others who have or may have the Disposal thereof, have not 
sold it & refuse to sell it on the terms on which sd committee are author- 
ized to purchase the same, and the said Committee are directed to assure 
the owners of the said Powder that the Geni Court will be ready to hear 
any reasons that may be offered why they should have a higher price for 
the same than has been offered by this Court. 3 

In January, 1776, the following communication from the 
commander-in-chief at Cambridge was sent to Jonathan Jack- 
son, chairman of the committee of safety in Newburyport : — 

' Massachusetts Archives (Court Records), vol. XXXIV., p. 856. 
- Massachusetts Archives (Court Records), vol. XXXIV., p. 857. 
3 Massachusetts Archives, vol. CCIX., p. 155. 



REVOLUTIONARY WAR 565 

Camp.ridge, January 28, 1776. 
To Jonathan Jackson, Esq. Chairman &c. 

Sir ; The great need this Army is in for good amies makes it neces- 
sary to endeavor to procure them in anyplace where his Excellency thinks 
they may be had without great inconveniency ; he has commanded me to 
beg your consent that the arms you were pleased to lend General Sullivan 
on his last excursion to Portsmouth, may be sent to this camp, for which 
the appraised value will be cheerfully paid. Col. Parsons will deliver 
vou this, and has the General's instructions to send them to Cambridge, 
proN'ided your honorable Committee have no objections to parting with 
them. When they Know that it will be of the greatest service to the glo- 
rious cause w^e are engaged in, that these arms should be put into the 
liands of our soldiers, I dare say they will readily comply with his Excel- 
lencv"s request and give Colonel Parsons an order for them which will 
verv much oblige the General. 

I have the honor to be, &c, &c. [Unsigned.] ' 

January 29, 1776, the inhabitants of Newburyport voted to 
provide heavy guns and ammunition for the defence of the town. 

\'uted to purchase one gun carrying an eighteen pound ball, three guns 
called twelve pounders, & four nine pounders. - 

On the twenty-eighth day of February following, the select- 
men drew an order in fa\'or of Capt. David Coats " for one p'' 
pistols & journey to Salem for cannon as per his Acc^on File 
^2, 12*," and the next day they gave Messrs. Blake, Lane 
and Nason an order "for carting cannon from Portsmouth 

A committee, consisting of Capt. William Coombs, Moses 
Novvell, David Coates, Edward Wigglesworth, and William 
Noyes, was chosen by the inhabitants of Newburyport, on the 
eighth day of May, to erect a fort on Plum island, and the same 
day the town voted to purchase tw^o tons of gunpowder " and 
all the cannon lately bro't into the town by Capt. Willson."^ 

May sixteenth, David Moody, treasurer of the town, was 
authorized to hire a sum not exceeding four thousand pounds 

1 American Archives, fourth series, vol. IV., p. 877. 

- Newburyport Town Records, vol. I., p. 247. 

■' Newbur>'port (Selectmen's) Records. Another bill amounting to £5,^ 155., was 
paid Samuel True November 25, 1776 "for carting sundry cannon from Ports- 
mouth." 

■* Newburyport Town Records, vol. I., p. 255. 



566 HI ST OR Y OF NE WB UR YPOR T 

to defray the cost of building and equip])ing the fort on Plum 
island, and on the twenty-ninth the following vote relating to 
the proposed adoption of the declaration of independence was 
passed : — • 

Voted that if the Hon"ble Congress should, for the Safety of the 
United Colonies, declare them independent of the Kingdom of Great 
Britain this Town will with their Lives & Fortunes support them in the 
measure.' 

The General Court in session at W'atertown directed the 
commissary-general, June 27, 1776, to send three heavy can- 
non to Newburyport, and also provided for the enlistment of 
two military companies that were subsequently stationed on 
Plum island. 

[In the House of Representatives], Resolved that the Town of New- 
bury Port be supplied with three pieces of cannon out of those in and 
about Boston : one forty-two pounder and two 24 or 1 8 pounders, one 
swivel, provided it is not under Improvement in any of the Fortifications 
in Boston, or Nantasket Harbour, the other with one or both trunnions 
off, with necessary apparatus in lieu of six nine pounders before granted 
by this court for the use of that town and that the Commissary General 
be, and he hereby is directed to deliver the same to Capt Edward Wig- 
glesworth, or order, as also twenty rounds of shot for each of said Can- 
non, and fortv rounds of shot for ten nine poundrs now at Newbury Port, 
and three hundred weight of Gunpowder for the use of Newbury Port 
he to be accountable to this Court for the same. 

And it is further resolved That One Company of lifty men including 
Officers be raised on the Sea Coast establishment for the defence of the 
said Town, and also one Company of matrosses on the same establish- 
ment to consist of fifty men including Officers to manage the Cannon there. 

Consented to by the Council. - 

Edward Wiggles worth was elected captain, Michael Hodge, 
first lieutenant, and Joseph Whittemore, second Ueutenant of 
the company of matrosses ; Moses Nowell w^as elected captain, 
Elias Davis, first lieutenant, and Moses Greenleaf, second 
lieutenant, of the company of seacoast men, and Jonathan 
Titcomb was appointed muster-master and authorized to mus- 

' Newburyport Town Records, vol. I., p. 259. 

■^ Massachusetts Archives (Court Records), vol. XXXV., p. 99. 



RE VOL UTIONA RY [ VA R 567 

ter the two companies into service for the defence of the 
town.' 

When the news reached Newburyport that the united colo- 
nies had declared themselves free and independent, Tristram 
Dalton sent the following letter to Elbridge Gerry, a mem- 
ber of the continental congress in Philadelphia : — 

Newburyport, July 19, 1776. 

Dear Snt : — I wish you joy on the late full Declaration, — an event 
so ardently desired by your good self and the people you particularly 
represent. We are no longer to be amused with delusive prospects. The 
die is cast. All is at stake. The way is made plain. No one can now 
doubt on which side it is his duty to act. We have everything to hope 
from the goodness of our cause. The God of justice is omnipotent. We 
are not to fear what man or a multitude can do. We have put on the 
harness and I trust it will not be put off until we see our land of secur- 
ity and freedom, — the wonder of the other hemisphere, — the asylum of 
all who pant for deliverance from bondage. 

Wishing every blessing to attend you, I am, dear sir, with great regard 
your obedient servant. 

Tristram Dalton. 

To the Hon. Elbridge Gerry.- 

At a meeting of the freeholders and other inhabitants of 
Newburyport, held September 2, 1776, at five o'clock in the 
afternoon, Joseph Pearson, Jr., and Enoch Plummer were 
drawn as jurors " to serve at the Court of the General Ses- 
sions of the Peace to be held in Newburyport on the last Tues- 
day of September current & at the Inferior Court of Common 

1 Massachusetts Archives (Court Records), vol. XXXV., p. 117; and American 
Archives, fifth series, vol. I., pp. 297-310. 

In tlie House of Representatives, Oct. 24, 1776. 

Whereas by a Resolve of the General Court passed the 271'! June last there 
was a Company of Sea Coast Men established at Newburyport and there was not 
then, nor has been since any Commissary appointed for said Company, therefore 

Resolved that Mr. Nathl Tracy be commissary for said company from this time 
till their Inlistment is out & that Capt. Moses Nowell who has since the raising of 
said Company Supplied them with provisions & other necessaries, be allowed to 
exhibit his acct of supplies to this Court or such Commtee as shall be by them ap- 
pointed for examination & payment. 

In Council read & Concurred. Consented to by 15 of the Council. 

(Massachusetts Archives (Court Records), vol. XXXVI., p. 73.) 

May 3, 1777, Samuel Tufts was appointed commissary of the company under 
the command of Captain Nowell, and on the thirtieth day of June the inhabitants 
of Newburyport " \'oted to allow the soldiers stationed on Plumb Island candles 
& sweetning for Beer." 

^ American Archives, fifth series, vol. I., p. 461. 



568 



HIS TOR Y OF NE IV B UK \ I'OK I 




TRISTRAM DALTO\. 



Pleas to be holden at the same place"; but on the margin of 
the page where this fact is recorded the town clerk made the 
following" memorandum : — 

This meeting was illegal because the venire for calling it was in the 
name of the British Tyrant whose name all America justly execrates.' 

At that date the town of Newburyport having- a large num- 
ber of hea\y guns on hand decided, on the ninth day of Sep- 
tember, to loan them to the state or sell them at public auction. 

' Newburyport Town Records, vol. I., p. 261. 



REVOLUTIOXARY WAR 569 

\'oted to lend this state five nine pounders tliey giving security for the 
same at the rate of five pounds Lawful money per cwt. if they are not 
returned in six months. 

\'oted to give this state the offer of five other nine pound cannon at 
five pounds Lawful money per cwt. & if they refuse them to fix the sale 
of them to Friday the 13(11 inst at 5 oclock P. M. by Public Auction.' 

The General Court passed the following preamble and res- 
olution on the twelfth day of September, aceepting- the offer 
on the terms and conditions named: — 

Whereas the town of Newbury Port have offered to sell to this state 
five pieces of Cannon, nine pounders, at the rate of five pounds per hun- 
dred weight, and the carriages belonging to the same at the prime cost : 
and as it is apprehended the same may be of great use to this State for 
its defence 

Therefore, Resolved, that Brigadier Palmer be a committee for pur- 
chasing" the same.- 

August 21, 1775, Jeremiah O'Brien was appointed com- 
mander of the armed schooner Diligent and the sloop Machias 
Liberty, then in the harbor of Machias, and two days later the 
(ieneral Court voted to supply the vessels with men and am- 
munition for the defence of the sea coasts These vessels were 
e\idently fitted out and employed in the public service until 
suitable ships-of-war could be built. In a petition presented 
to the General Court February 8, 1776, Captain (J'Brien 
states the following facts : — 

He has been in the Colony service since the i^t dav of August last as 
Commander in Chief of the Sloop Machias Liberty, and schooner Dili- 
gent which two vessels now lie at Newburjport completely equipped for 
sea with about fifty men on board them, ready for any service the hon- 
orable Court shall think fit to employ them in : one vessel has four car- 
riage guns, ten swivels ; the other has five carriage guns and twenty 
swivels ; has ports for eight carriages, has accommodation for sixty-five 
men each. We are all waiting the determination of the honourable Court, 
whether we are to be discharged or further employed in the Colonv ser- 
vice : your petitioner can recommend to the honourable Court the under 
officers and gunners to be men well skilled in the business.4 

' Newbur)-port Town Records, vol. L, p. 262. 
-' American Archives, fifth series, vol. II., p. 765. 

■• Massachusetts Archives (Court Records), vol. XXXIII., pp. 135, 136 and 
153; also, vol. CCVI., pp. 221 and 277-2S0. 

^ American Archives, fourth series, vol. IV., p. 1294. 



570 



HIS TOR Y OF NE \VB UR YPOR T 



Captain O'Brien, with the advice and consent of the com- 
mittee of correspondence in Newburyport, was authorized by 
the General Court to purchase supplies and fit the sloop Ma- 
chias Liberty and the schooner Diligent for sea. One-third 
of the proceeds arising from the sale of prizes captured and 
condemned according to law was to be divided among the 
ofificers and men in addition to their monthly wages.' 

On the twenty-fourth day of February, Tristram Dalton 
wrote " to the Hon^^^ the Council of the Colony of Massachu- 
setts Bay " as follows : — 

The Committee of Safety, Correspondence & Inspection of Newbury- 
port beg leave to acknowledge the Receipt last evening of a Resolve of 
the honWe Gen Court passed the 8* of the present month appointing 
them, " with Capt. Jeremiah O'Brien a committee to prepare & in all 
Respects equip & man with fiftv men each including officers the sloop 
Machias Liberty & Schooner Diligent now lying at Newburyport." 

The Committee with pleasure will undertake & perform all in their 
Power & can engage to purchase the necessary articles wanted except 
Gunpowder. Of that essential article they with reluctance say, not a 
cask can be procured here at any rate. The pressing demands of this 
town have called for every Exertion in their power to raise Monies, not- 
withstanding the town is greatly in debt, not being able to furnish 
enough to pay the necessary Current Services, therefore to make it pos- 
sible to comply with the afores"d Resolve, the Committee humbly hope 
the honble Council will furnish them by the bearer, Capt. Michael Hodge, 
one of their members, with as much money as the present occasion calls 
for. Which bv a moderate calculation for two months cruise only, with 
the fixing the vessels, will amount to five hundred pounds lawfull money 
exclusive of the casks of gunpowder (which is not to be had here) & of which 
Capt. O'Brien thinks there ought to be five hundred pounds weight be- 
side one hundred and twenty pounds now in hand. The committee ap- 
prehend that the fifty men for each vessel, or any considerable number 
of them, cannot be found in this Town, owing to a large number being in 
the Continental army & to several Privateers out on cruises. Capt. 
O'Brien says he can make up the deficiency in the Eastward Harbour if 
your Honours think it proper to let him depart hence without his full com. 
plement. As Capt. O'Brien must probably collect his men from thence 
and his present officers, whom he approves of, may be most agreeable 
to such men the committee hope the honble council will excuse them from 

' Massachusetts Archives, vol. CCVIII., p. 166. 



RE VOL I -TIONAR Y WAR 



571 



recommending said officers, for tliis reason only that thev are entire 
strangers to them. 

per order of the committee 

Tristram Daltox, Chairman.^ 

After some delay arrangements were made to supply the 
sloop Machias Liberty and the schooner Diligent with pro- 
vision and the commissary-general was directed by the coun- 
cil to deliver two hundred pounds of j^owder to Capt. Jeremiah 
O'Brien.- The vessels probably did not sail from Newbury- 
port until the latter part of March. The following letter in- 
dicates that they were nearly ready for sea on the eighteenth 
of that month. 

Newburvport, iStii March, 1776. 
To the honbie Council of the Colony of the Massachusetts Bay. 
Immediately after the date of the before mentioned Letter Capt Hodge 
who was the Bearer of it set out for to deliver it, but met with some of 
the Council who informed him that the honbie Board were adjourned up- 
on which he returned home. The Committee after some Delay procured 
an Agent to Supply Capt. O'Brien & he is now nearly fitted for sea. 
They would still beg your Honours Directions whether Capt. O'Brien 
should depart hence without his full Complement of men which it does 
not appear probable he can procure in this place, 

p. order of the committee 

Jox-^ Jack SON. 3 

On the first day of April, the General Court passed an order to 
pay Michael Hodge ^950, i8j-., 2d., for the committee of safety 
and inspection in Newburyport, " for fitting out Two Armed 
Vessels called the sloop Machias Liberty and the schooner 
Diligent commanded by Capt. Jeremiah O'Brien which was 
done by order of this Court " and the same day an order for 
^21, 4.V., 5c/., payable to Michael Hodge, for supplies furnished 
the above-named vessels by Jackson, Tracy & Tracy, was 
adopted by the General Court and consented to by the council. ^ 

In February, 1776, the General Court voted to build ten 

1 Massachusetts Archives, vol. CXXXVIIL, pp. 299-301. 
- Massachusetts Archives, vol. CCVIII., p. 205. 

^ Massachusetts Archives, vol. CXXXVlII.,p. 302; and Massachusetts Archives 
(Revoluionary Rolls), vol. XLIV., p. 329. 
'' Massachusetts Archives (Court Records), vol. XXXIV., p. 706. 



572 



HISTOR Y OF NE WB UR YPOR T 



sloops-of-war for the defence of the sea coast but subsequently 
reconsidered that vote and authorized the committee on naval 
affairs to build five vessels and purchase five more already 
built.' 

Two of the five new vessels, the Boston and the Hancock, 
were built in Newburyport, near the foot of King, now Federal, 
street, b)- Jonathan Greenleaf and Stephen and Ralph Cross/ 

The Boston, carrying twenty-four guns, was launched Mon- 
day, June 3, 1776.3 Hector McNeil was appointed command- 
er, and September fourteenth the General Court adopted the 
following order : — 

And further Ordered, That the Agent for building the conti- 
nental ships at Newbur}- Port be furnished by the town of Newburj- Port, 
for the purpose before mentioned, with the five pieces of Cannon this State 
has lately purchased of said town, and also with five other Cannon, nine- 
pounders, which the town of Newburv Port has agreed to lend to this 
State with their carriages &c : the Agent agreeing to redeliver all the 
Cannon with their carriages and other apparatus before mentioned, to 
the order of this State, in case leave cannot be obtained from the honour- 
able Congress for said vessels to cruise on this coast for the protection of 
the trade of this state. And it is strongly recommended to said Agent to 
be as expeditiovTS as possible in fixing out said ships.4 

1 American Archives, fourth series, vol. R'., pp. 1435 and 1456. 

'-'February 27, 1776, a committee consisting of Tristram Dalton, Jonathan 
Jackson and John Bronifield, was chosen to confer with Hon. Thomas Gushing in 
regard to building the ships of war "in the places where the said Messrs. Green- 
leaf & Cross propose to erect them." Newburyport Town Records, vol. I., p. 
249- 

■^ American Archives, fourth series, vol. VI., p. Soo. June 28, 1776, the 
petition of Thomas Gushing for fifieen hundred pounds of lead for the frigates 
building at Newburyport was granted by the ( leneral Court. "■ I.ead wanted for 
one frigate in order that she may go to sea without delay.'" (Massachusetts 
Archives, vol. CCIN., p. 393.) 

"■ American Archives, fifth series, vol. II., p. 772. 

March 22, 1777, the General Court passed the following preamble and resolu- 
tion in regard to the return of the cannon borrowed for the use of the ship Boston : 

" Whereas the Town of Newbury Port did in the month of September lastlend 
to this state, for the term of six months, five, nine pound, double fortified, can- 
non with their carriages and appurtenances for the use of the ship Boston under 
ihe command of Hector Mc'Neill, Esfj: and whereas the Time is now expired for 
the return of said Gannon and the Continental agent has not been able to procure 
nthers to supply their place on board said ship, and moreover it appears by a letter 
from the Marine Committee of Congress that they are desirous of purchasing said 
Cannon for the use of said ship if this state is willing to dispone of them, therefore: 

" Resolved that there be allowed and paid to the Town of Newbury Port, out of 
the Treasury of this State, the sum of six hundred and twenty-one pounds, six- 
teen shillings & eleven pence, in full of their Demands for said Cannon and Ap- 
purtenances and that the same be charged in the Continental Account." (Mass- 
achusetts Archives (Court Records), vol. XXXVII., 92.) 



RE VOL UTIONAR V WAR 



573 



Three weeks later, the following orders, providing for the 
delivery of twenty swivel guns to Captain McNeil for the ship 
Boston, were adopted. 

Council Chamber, October 3, i 776. 
Ordered, That the Committee of Correspondence, Safety and Inspec- 
tion of the town of Newbury Port be, and they are herel^y directed to 
dehver Captain Hector McNeil for the use of the ship Boston, eight 
swivel guns brought in said town the last year by one Captain Johnson, 
who was from the West Indies, in the service of this state. 

John Avery, Deputy Secrctaiy.^ 
Council Chamber, October 3, 1776. 
Ordered That the Committee for fortifying the Harbour of Boston, 
be, and they are hereby directed to send, by water, to Newbury Port 
twelve swivel-Guns out of the Row Galley in Boston Harbour, to be de- 
livered Captain Hector McNeil, for the use of the ship Boston. 

John Averv, Deputy Secretary.^ 

September 18, 1776, the General Court voted to furnish 
thirty-two guns for the continental frigate Hancock, John 
Manly, commander, iDuilding at Newburyport, " if they can be 
obtained by purchase or other ways," provided that leave can 
be obtained from congress for " said vessel to cruise on this 
coast for the protection of the trade thereof." "" 

The Hancock was probably launched the latter part of 
August or early in September. She sailed from Newbury- 
port, and arrived in Boston December 5, 1776.2 

Jonathan Jackson, representative to the General Court held 
in B()Ston in October, 1776, was also a member of the board 
of war and actively engaged in procuring military supplies for 
the government when the following letter was sent to the firm, 
of which he was senior partner, in Newburyport : — 

War Office, Boston, 3d December, 1776. 
Messrs. Jackson, Tracy & Tracy, 

Gentlemen : Your Mr. Jackson mentioning to us your offer to freight 
a parcel of oil now at Newburyport to Bordeaux in your ship Montgom- 
ery, Captain Rowe, you will oblige us to apply to the owners of said oil, 
which we suppose to be train oil, and if it be of good quality, and they 

1 American Archives, fifth series, vol. II., p. 804. 
■^ American Archives, fifth series, vol. II., p. 777. 
■' American Archives, fifth series, vol. III., p. 1089. 



574 



HIS TOR Y OF NE WB UR YPOR T 




m 




JONATHAN JACKSON. 

will take four pounds per barrel, or thirty-two pounds lawful money, per 
ton of two hundred and fifty-two gallons, please to purchase the whole 
for account of Government, provided you will carrv it in said ship. We 
will pay for the freight of it three pounds, ten shillings sterling per ton ; 
and if you can afford it for a less sum, we presume you will not insist 
upon our offer. Enclosed you have a letter to Nathaniel Carter, Esq., 
also to Mr. John White with applications to them for some shipping 
furs they have. If either or both those gentlemen incline to part with 
them for the service of their country please to receive them, and ship 
them per Captain Rowe for Bordeaux. Enclosed you have a letter to 
Mesfrs Penet & Son at Bordeaux which you will please to send forward 
to them, with an invoice or bill lading, provided you obtain any oil or 
furs as mentioned. By order of the Board of War : 

James Warrkn, 

President of the Board of War.' 



1 American Archives, fifth series, vol. III., p. 1065. 



REVOLUTIONARY WAR 



575 



At that date, vessels ready to sail with cargoes of' lumber 
and other merchandise were frequently detained in port, by 
the local authorities, until petitions similar to the following 
were presented to and granted by the General Court. 

To the Honble the Council and House of Representatives of the State 
of Massachusetts Bay. 

The Petitioner Albert Salleron an Inhabitant of the Island of Martini- 
co, humbly sheweth that in September last he arrived here with Sundry 
usefull articles for sale viz : 2 7ooit>s Gun Powder, some Fire Arms & 
Dry Goods which he has Disposed of and with the Neat proceeds there- 
of has purchased a Brigantine called the three adventurers and a cargo of 
Lumber with which he was about sailing for Martinico intirely on ac- 
count and Risque of himself and his two Friends there viz : Mesfrs Dis- 
mass & Begen, when the Embargo took place. Your petitioner there- 
fore Prays for your Honble Licence to Depart this Port with his said Ves- 
sel and Cargo for the said island of Martinico the Embargo notwithstand- 
ing, as the Detention of his vessel here for any considerable Length of time 
must be greatly to the Damage of himself and the other owners, and as 
in duty Bound shall ever pray. 

Np:wburypokt, December 12, 1776. Alhert Salleron. 

In Council Dec. 17, 1776 Read and Ordered that the Prayer of the 
Petition be granted and that the Petitioner have and he herebj' has, Lib- 
erty to proceed to Martinico with his said vessell and cargo the Embargo 
notwithstanding. John Avery, Dpt. Sec.^ 

To the honble the Council & Honble House of Representatives for the 

State of the Massachusetts Bay. 

The Subscribers of Newburyport Merchants humbly beg leave to rep- 
resent to your Honours, that a Ship owned by them, called the Montgom- 
ery, commanded by Joseph Rowe, had, before the present Embargo tjook 
place, sailed from hence bound to Bourdeaux in France, with part of her 
Loading, (of which two Casks of Furs were ship'd by the honble Board 
of War upon the Acct of this State) & with all her Provisions in, but 
was to call into Sheepscut at the Eastward, there to compleat her Load- 
ing with Spars & other Lumber. 

That their Design in this Voyage (in which they export only the Pro- 
duce of this County) is to bring in a Load of Salt, which the Country ap- 
pears to be very destitute of, also some Cannon, for a Twenty Gun Ship 
they are concerned here in the building of, & other warlike Stores if to 
be got, & their Cargo outwards will procure them — & if warlike Stores 
are not to be procurred, they have ordered coarse Linnens & Woollens — 

1 Massachusetts Archives, vol. CLW'L, p. 90. 



576 HIS TOR V OF NE WB UR YPO R T 

Now, the present being judged by far the best Season, to supply this 
Country from abroad, with the many Articles it stands in need of & as 
your Petitioners have with much Trouble, & at extraordinary Expence 
provided a Master & Crew to sail their said Ship, & they have already 
proceeded part of the Way upon their Voyage, upon your Honour's 
Consideration of these Premises & the foregoing, they flatter themselves, 
that you will grant Permission, And they humbly beg of your Honours that 
you grant them a Permit (& duplicate of the same, to send both by Land 
& Water) for their said Ship Montgomery Joseph Rowe Master to de- 
part for France from Sheepscut or any port in the Eastern part of this 
State where said Ship may be : after having loaded or compleated her 
Loading with Masts Spars & other Lumber the present Embargo not- 
withstanding & your Petitioners as in duty bound shall ever pray. 

JACK.SOX, Tracy & Tracy. 

Newhuryport T3tii Deer 1776. 

In the House of Represents Decem. 25, 1776 
Read and Committed to the Comtee -. on Similar petitions 
Sent up for Concurrence 

Sam Freeman, Speak'' J'. T. 
In Council Dec. 25, 1776. 
Read & Concurr"d and the same Committee are joined on the part of 
the Board John A\'ery, Dp'-' Scc'J 

Deer 30, 177''). The Comtees of Both houses on ye foregoing petition 
Beg leave to Report as their opinion That ye prayer thereof be so far 
granted that ye ship mentioned in said peti" be permitted to Sail on her 
intended voyage provided she Carry None of ye articles Enumerated in 
a resolve of the General Court passed the loth Instant Prohibiting the 
same & Return Laden with Cargo as mentioned in ye petition 

Jabez Fi.sher pr. order 

In Council Dec. 31, 1776 
Read & Accepted Sent down for Concurrence 

John Avery, Dpv Seen 
In the House of Represents Januy 1, 1777 
Consented to — Read and Concurred 

Sam'^ Freeman, Speak'' P T ■ 

To the honble the Councill & the honWe House of Representatives in 
General Court assembled Dec. 1776 

Humbly shews John Emery of Newburyport in the County of Essex 
Merchant, that under the Encouragement given by the honbie Continent- 
al Congress he engaged in a foreign Voyage to France & Spain, & has 
lately imported to this State a considerable Quantity of Linnen & woolen 

1 Massachusetts Archives, vol. CLXXXL, pp. 375 and 376. 



REVOLU TIONAR \ ' IV A R 



577 



goods, which upon his Arrival he offered to the Committee of Cloathing 
for the Continent, who received to the Amount of near seven thousand 
Pounds ; that while in Spain your Petitioner being himself acquainted 
with the Resolves of the Continental Congress, respecting a free Trade, 
communicated the same to Messrs Gardoqui & Sons at Bilboa, & ob- 
tained a Credit from them for a large Sum upon his Contract to repay 
them in Rice ; that upon his Arrival at Newburyport he found the Em- 
bargo, which your Honours have thought best to lav upon all X'essells, 
prevented the Performance of his Agreement, without he can have Aid 
from this honble Court ; he would suggest to your Honours that besides 
the Great Inconvenience to your Petitioner, from this Restraint, the 
Credit of other Americans will doubtless be greatly affected, not only 
with that reputable House at Bilboa, but with the other Merchants in 
Spain, who are now disposed to serve the American Cause, if they find 
there can be no Faith put in their Contracts, he therefore prays your 
Honours would permit him to send two Vessells from Newljuryport to 
Carolina, there to purchase Cargoes of Rice, & thence to proceed to Bil- 
boa, & that your Honours, if you should think best, would recommend 
to the Committees at Carolina to permit your Petitioner under these 
Circumstances to load from thence for the Purpose aforesd & as in Duty 
bound will pray. Jno. Emory. 

The Committee of both houses beg leave to report that the within pe- 
tition be granted, provided the petr carrys none of the articles Enumer- 
ated in a resolve passed by this Court lo Decer 1776. 

John Taylor Pr order. 
In Council Jay 3d. 1777 
Read &: Concurrd Consented to 

John Avery, Dpy Sec'.'' 
In the House of Representatives March 1 i, 1777. 
Resolved that Stephen Hooper, Tristram Dalton & John Coffin Jones, 
be & they hereby are permitted for the purpose of discharging a debt of 
eight thousand pounds & no more by them contracted in Europe the 
Effects of which have been sold to the contractors for purchasing cloth- 
ing for the Continental Army, to Export out of this State in such Ves- 
sells as may be sufficient, such articles as are not expressly enumerated 
& prohibited, to any part of Europe not under the Dominion of the King 
of Great Britain, or to any of the United States, with such articles as are 
allowed to be carried to those States & from thence to proceed to any 
part of Europe as aforesaid for the purposes aforesaid, any act for lay- 
ing an Embargo within this State notwithstanding provided said Hooper, 
Dalton & Jones clear out their cargo or cargoes at the Navall office in 
Newburyport or procure from the Navall officer of said Port a certificate 

' Massachusetts Archives, vol. CLXXXI., pp. 423-425. 



578 HIS TOR Y OF NE IVB UR YPOR T 

to any other Navall officer signifying to what amount may be cleared 
out by them Respectively, 
Sent up for Concurrence 

Sam'' Freeman, Speaker. 
In Council March ii, 1777. Read and concurred 

John Avery, Depy S ecv 

November 28, 1776, the selectmen were authorized to pay 
a bounty to every able-bodied man enlisting in the Continental 
Army from Nevvburyport.- In December, Col. Jonathan Tit- 
comb received six hundred and seventy pounds, " bounty for 
soldiers under his command," and the following bills were ap- 
proved and settled by the selectmen during the next two or 
three months : — 

For milk supplied by Daniel Watrous(?) to Capt. Lunt's company at 

Prospect Hill. 

Elias Davis for mileage to Danbury of 67 men 252 miles at 2d per 

mile /i 40.1 4. 

Nathaniel Goodwin for 37 Canteens . . £2,. 7.0 

Samuel Lunt for 11 camp Kettles . . 6.12.0 

Amos Pearson for one gun .... 1.16.0 

Joseph Cutler » " " . . . . i.io.o 

Enoch Titcomb, jr. for one gun & sundries . 5. 7.0 

Moses Bradstreet for one gun and powder horn 3. 3.0 

Ralph Cross for three guns .... 5. 4.0 

Joseph Frothingham, Jr. for four guns . 7. 6.0 

Joseph Leathers for one gun . . . i.io.o 

Other bills, similar to those described above, were paid by the 
selectmen at a later date and charged to the appropriation 
made for the purchase of military supplies. 

At a convention held in Ipswich April 22, 1777, delegates, 
representing nearly every town in Essex county, assembled 
and after a brief discussion, voted to favor the enforcement of 
an act passed by the General Court, regulating the sale of 
goods and merchandise, entitled " An Act to Prevent Monop- 
oly and Oppression."^ 

April twenty-eighth, the legal voters of Nevvburyport ordered 

' Massachusetts Archives, vol. CLXXXII., p. 169. 
" Newburyport Town Records, vol. I., p. 272. 
3 Province Laws, vol. V., ch. 14, p. 583. 



REVOLUTIONARY WAR 



579 



the selectmen of the town, with the advice and assistance of 
the committee of safety, to fix and estabUsh the price of beef, 
pork, mutton, poultry, flour, meal, peas, beans, butter, eggs, 
sugar, molasses, etc. 

The order was promptly executed, and the prices agreed 
u[ion were carefully recorded by the town clerk. 

West India Rum 6/8 per gallon by the hogshead 

" " 6/IO " ditto barrell 

" " 7/8 " single gallon 

" " 2/- " quart 

New England Rum 3/10 per gallon by the hogshead or barrell 

" " 4/6 per single gallon if distilled in this town 

Carpenters wages 5/4 per^day 

Joiners do 4/8 do 

Caulkers do 6/- do 

Masons wages 6/- do 

Day Laborers 4/- do 

English hay 4/6 per cwt. (best quality) 

Oats 2/- per bushel 

Barber's fee for shaving /3 
Milk /3d per quart 

Potatoes commonly called Spanish Potatoes of the best quality 1/2 a 
bushel in the Fall of the year & no more than 1/8 a bushel in any other 
season. 

Dinners at taverns, for travellers, of boiled or roast meat, with other 
articles equivalent, exclusive of wine, 1/6. Supper and Breakfast i/- 
each. Lodging / \. 

Keeping a horse for one night, or for twenty-four hours, with English 
hay 2/-.' 

The prisoners, taken by armed privateers, and sent into New- 
buryport during the sumrner of 1776, were not confined in the 
jail on King, now Federal, street, but were allowed to visit 
places of interest within the limits of the town. A memorial 
from the committee of correspondence in Newbury port pre- 
sented (3ctober 25, 1776, to the General Court states the 
following facts : — 

There are now in this town a number of the Subjects of the King of 
Great Britain who were taken & sent into this port in vessels either 

^ Newburyport Town Records, vol. I., pp. 272-275. 



5 8o HIS TOK Y OF NE IV B UR YPOR T 

employ'd in his immediate service or by the Inhabitants of his Domin- 
ions. As at present they have no authority to restrain these people, they 
have been down to our Fort : viewed the Entrance cS: every other part of 
our Harbor, and daily visit our Wharves, Frigates & Armed Vessels now 
lying there. B}' indulging" them in these Liberties the comtee conceive 
they will be able when thev return to England to give the Enemy some 
interesting Intelligence. That by their taking Lodgings in different 
parts of the Town they have contracted an acquaintance with many of the 
Inhabitants to whom they Represent our situation in the darkest Colors 
and the Enemy as Invincible. 

The Committee therefore pray the Court to order that those who are 
not Willing to Enter on board the Continental Frigates or Privateers 
may be removed to some Inland Town till they are Exchanged or other- 
wise released.' 

In answer to this and similar petitions from other towns in 
the colony, March 27, 1777, the General Court passed "An 
act for seciu'ing and making provision for the support of Pris- 
oners who may be taken by any American Armed Vessel and 
brought or sent into any Port in this State." This act provid- 
ed for the removal of prisoners from Newburyport to Boston. - 

Although some of the inhabitants of Newburyport were sus- 
pected of violating the law in regard to the importation of tea, 
and others were accused of advocating submission to the de- 
mands of parliament, only two were ordered to appear and 
answer to the charge of disloyalty. 

[June 30, 1777] Voted that Daniel Bayley and John Anderson be 
presented to be tried, at a special session, on an act for securing this & 
the other United States against the Danger to which they are exposed 
by the internal Enemies thereof.3 

On the ninth day of August, the selectmen of Newburyport 
were ordered by the General Court to raise and equip for ser- 
vice in the army one-sixth of the able-bodied men residing in 
the town. 

1 Massachusetts Archives (Court Records), vol. XXXVI., p. 76. 

■■^ Province Laws, vol. V., p. 702. 

3 Newburyport Town Records, vol. L, p. 288. 

Whether Daniel Bayley and John Anderson were innocent or guilly of the charge 
brought against them is uncertain. No record of the trial at the court of general 
sessions has been discovered. 



REVOLUTIONARY WAR 



581 



[August II, 1777] Voted to assist in raisins; the sixth Part of the 
able bodied men in this Town, in compliance with a Resolve of the (Gen- 
eral Court, to join the Continental Ami)- immediately & serve till the last 
Day of November next. 

Voted to give those who shall inlist for the aforesaid Term a Bounty 
of Seven Pounds ten shillings p'' month in addition to the State and 
Continental wages. 

Voted to advance fifty dollars to each man who shall enlist for the 
aforesaid term, on his passing muster.' 

On the fifteenth day of Aut;"ust, the town voted to pay a 
bounty of three pounds in addition to the four pounds ten 
shillings voted August eleventh, and the same day the select- 
men gave Capt. Richard Titcomb an order on the town treas- 
urer for five hundred and sixty pounds " to purchase fire arms 
& gun locks ordered by the General Court. "^ 

August eighteenth, Col. Jonathan Titcomb was paid seven 
hundred and fifty pounds " For those men who may enlist to 
reinforce the American army as per vote of this town," and 
four days later he was paid seventy-five pounds," For Capt. 
Stephen Jenkins mileage money.- Subsequently, Stephen Kent 
received fifty pounds "For the use of horses & waggon to go 
to Manchester for the company commanded by Capt. Stephen 
Jenkins " and for transporting baggage, etc., to Bennington. 

In November, the men who enlisted "as a guard to the 
troops lately commanded by General Burgoyne " were paid at 
the rate of nine pounds a month "■ including State and Conti- 
nental wages. "3 

Col. Edward Wigglesworth,-* having served, from July to De- 

1 Newburyport Town Records, vol. I., p. 290. 

2 Newburyport (Selectmen's) Records. 

3 Newburyport Town Records, vol. I., p. 293. 

^ Edward, son of Rev. Samuel and Martha Wigglesworth, was born in Ipswich 
January 3, 1 741-2. He graduated at Harvard college in 1761, and married 
Bridget Cogswell January iS, 1770. He removed to Newburyport, and was em- 
ployed for several years as shipmaster by Jonathan Jackson, Nathaniel Tracy and 
John Tracy, merchants and ship owners. In June, 1776, he was appointed cap- 
tain of a company of matrosses stationed at Flum island, and on the eleventh day 
of July he was chosen colonel of a battalion to be raised in Essex, York and Cum- 
berland counties in the province of Massachusetts Bay for the Continental service. 
(Massachusetts Archives, vol. XL, p. 49; and Massachusetts Archives (Court 
Ixecords), vol. XXXV., p. 169.) 

Congress renewed his commission November 6, 1 776. The field and staff 



582 HIS TOR Y OF NE IV B UR YPOR T 

cember, 1776, in the army under Major-General Horatio Gates, 
in the vicinity of lakes Champlain and George, returned to 
Newburyport, and during the following winter raised a reg- 
iment of soldiers and applied to the executive officers of the 
state for fire arms and other equipments as follows : — 

To the Hone Council of the State of Massachusetts Bay. 

May it please your Honrs I am now under marching orders. A num- 
ber of my regiment are destitute of arms. I pray your Horns therefore to 
give me an order on the Commissaiy General of this State for four hun- 
dred arms with the accoutrements and knapsacks. 

Enw'^ WiGfiLESWORTH, Col. 

In Council April g, 1777, ordered that the Commissary General be 
directed to deliver 400 Fire Arms & 400 Knapsacks to Col. Wiggles- 
worth agreeable to the minutes of the Council. 

Jno Avekv, Dii Sec'J ' 

The regiment under the command of Colonel Wigglesworth 
was ordered to join the Continental Army in New York, and 
was stationed for several months at Peekskill, on the Hudson 
river, as stated in the following communication : — 

Peekskill, 6tii June 1777. 
To the HonWe House of Representatives of Massachusetts State. 

Gentlemen: — Upon my arrival in Camp I found Major Cranston very 

officers of his regiment on the twenty-eij^hth clay of January, 1777, were as 
follows: — 

Lieut Colonel, James Roberts of Berwick 

Major, William Rogers of Newbury 

Chaplain, Enos Hitchcock of Beverly 

Adjutant, Thomas Smart of Danvers 

Quarter Master, Job Winchell of Berwick 

Surgeon, John Wingate of Haverhill. 

In the pay roll made up to that date Colonel Wigglesworth was allowed £'] 
for two hundred and forty miles of travel from Albany to Newburyport. (Massa- 
chusetts Archives (Muster Roils), vol. XI., p. 36.) 

In the month of July following, Dudley Colman of Newbury was appointed 
lieutenant-colonel of the regiment. ( Massachusetts Archives, vol. CCXIV., p. 407.) 
Colonel Wigglesworth remained in active service until March 19, 1779. He was 
one of the selectmen of Newburyport in 1783 and 1784. In 1785, he was elected 
representative to the General Court. He held the office of collector in the custom 
house at Newburyport from 179210 1795. He died December 8, 1826. Funeral 
services were held in the Prospect Street meeting house on the twelfth day of Decem- 
ber following. The pall bearers were Capt. Benjamin Gould, Lieut. Amos Pearson, 
Lieut. Jonathan Woodman, Lemuel CofSn, Philip Bagley, John Cook and Timothy 
Gordon, " survivors of the battle of Bunker hill.'" The Newbur)'port Artillery 
company and the Washington Light Infantry escorted the funeral procession from 
the meeting house to the burying ground. (Newburyport Herald, December 15, 
1826.) 

1 Massachusetts Archives, vol. CLXXHI., p. 133. 



RE VOL UTIONAR Y WAR 



583 



ill of a fever; he lived but two days after & as Col. Fuller is absent "tis 
highly requisite there should be another appointed. I therefore beg your 
Honours would talve it into their consideration & appoint one, or order 
the Committee for filling up vacancies, if such an one subsists, to appoint 
one & as I never was consulted in the arrangement of the Reg* I shall 
beg leave to recommend Brigade Major Dudley Colman who I mentioned 
to the former Committee (in case Lieut Col. Fuller should not come for- 
ward) as an ofiicer highly recommended by Cenl Creen in the last Cam- 
paign & a Person who will do honor to any Regt or Corps he shall be 
ordered to serve in. If the Honblt Court can think my Recommenda- 
tion worth noticing & appoint him to authority in the Jiattallion under 
my command it will be esteemed an honor done to, Gentlemen 
Your most Obedient humble Sert 

El)\v" WiCGLESWOKTH, CoI'\ ' 



'^^^^:^^'ix^ 



'^^TT 



"^^^i^^^^— "^-yz-c^ />'^^^2i^<jU/^ 




July 5, 1777, Dudley Colman of Newbury was appointed 
lieutenant-colonel in the regiment under the command of Col- 
onel Wiggles worth.- During the summer, the regiment was 
in active service in the vicinity of Hudson river, and in the 
winter following was with the army under Washington at 
Valley Forge. 

December 10, 1777, the General Court of Massachusetts 
adopted the following resolution providing winter clothing for 
the officers of the regiment : — 



1 Massachusetts Archives, vol. CXCVII., p. 148. 

2 History of Newbury (Currier), p. 608. 



5 84 ^^tS TOR y OF NE WB UR YPOR T 

Resolved that the Board of War be and they are hereby directed to 
sell to Thomas Smart, for a reasonable price, for the use of the commis- 
sioned officers of Colonel Wiggles\vorth"s Battallion so much cloathing as 
will be sufficient for each of said officers, — one suit if they have so much, 
if not, as much as they may judge can be spared consistent with the 
necessities of the army." 

In answer to a request for information in regard to the 
number of men in the regiment under his command, and the 
towns to which they should be credited. Colonel Wiggles- 
worth replied in a letter to Major-General Heath as follows : — 

Camp at Valley Forge, 141'! P^eb. 1778 
Sir, 

In compliance with an order of Council shown us by the adjutant 
(ien^ I have sent Returns of the Several Companies in my Regt ; but 1 
fear they will be found inadequate to the purpose as the greater part of 
my Captains were absent they would not be made with that accurac}' the 
affair demanded ; as I imagine 'twas to determine what Towns were de- 
ficient in their Quota's. I think 'twould come more correct from the 
several Muster Masters provided they have kept accts of the Towns the 
men were enlisted for, which should sujjpose they ought to have done. 
I am sir your most obedt & very humble servant 

Edward Wigglesworth.^ 

On the seventeenth day of March, Colonel Wiggiesworth 
was appointed by General Washington a member of a court of 
inquiry to investigate certain reports relating to the surrender 
of forts Montgomery and Clinton on the Hudson. The court 
was held at Peekskill in April. Colonel Wiggiesworth was 
chosen president, and served in that capacity until the questions 
in dispute were thoroughly investigated and the court dissolved. 

On the twenty-eighth day of June, he was with his regiment 
at Monmouth when Gen. Charles Lee was upbraided by W'ash- 
ington for his strange orders and cowardly conduct on the 
battle field. 

Colonel Wiggiesworth remained with the army until March 
19, 1776, when his resignation was accepted by the command- 
er-in-chief.3 

^ Massachusetts Archives, vol. CLVII., p. 100. 
■■^ Massachusetts Archives (Muster Rolls), vol. II., p. 45. 

•* For further details relating to Colonel Wig^lesworlh's service in the Continent- 
al Army see History of Newburyport (Mrs. E. Vale Smith), pp. 356-361. 



REVOLUTIONARY WAR 585 

In the month of April following, the selectmen approved 
and the town treasurer paid to 

Richard Smith £l-- C'.o for forty pairs of shoes for the army 
Edmund Bartlet 43. 4.0 " twenty-four pair ditto 
Abraham No3-es 36. 0.0 " twenty pair ditto 

Nehemiah Flanders 36. 0.0 " twenty pair ditto 

Amos Colhns 36. 0.0 " twenty pair ditto 

Mark Fitz 55-1 7-3 " shirts and stockings ditto 

David Hemphill 20. 0.0 " " bounty for his negro Cuff a soldier 

in the Continental army/' 

When the expedition to Rhode Island, under the command 
of General Sullivan, was decided upon, the following letter was 
sent to the captain of the Newburyport Artillery company : — 

CouNX'iL Chamber, Boston, July 26, 177S. 

Gentlemen : — General Sullivan has signified to this Board his design 
of making a sudden attack on Rhode Island by General Washington's 
express command, and has called upon this state to aid his design with 
three thousand of her militia, and to communicate his request to the 
several Independent Companies and Gentlemen volunteers in this state 
to co-operate with the French fleet in the reduction of that Island. In 
compHance with this earnest request of the General and from the idea 
of the glory of such a conquest, we invite you. and the worthy gentlemen 
under your command to march immediately to Providence to share largely 
in the honor of banishing forever, from the New England States and 
from America, the remnant of a British Army, too long suffered to deal 
in blood and rapine in these sovereign Independent states. The gloom 
dissipates and we have reason to expect, from every appearance, that 
our exertion once more will close the scene of blood and fix you and 
your offspring free and independent of a tyrant, and place you at the 
greatest remove from connection with that field of blood, the British 
Lsle. 

Gentlemen you will signify to us as soon as may be your determination 
on this important enterjDrise, that General Sullivan may be immediately 
made acquainted with the force designed him from this state. 

Gentleman, we are your most obedient very humble servant 

Jere Powell, President, 
Commanding Officer of the Independent Company Newbur3-port.' 

In order to stimulate and encourage enlistments for this 
expedition the following votes were passed at a meeting of the 

1 Address \y^ Hon. Eben F. Stone, published in Newburyport Htrald May 17, 
1877. 



586 HIS TOR V OF NE WB UR YPOR T 

inhabitants of Newburyport held on the twenty-ninth day of 
July:- 

Voted to give one hundred dollars per month to each man who shall 
enlist before to-morrow 4 o'clock p. y\. 

Voted that fifty dollars per man be paid at Inlistment. 

Voted that a wagon be provided at the expense of the town to trans- 
port the Baggage of the Soldiers to Tivertown.' 

On the twenty-seventh day of July, Jonathan Titcomb of 
Newburyport^ and Solomon Lovell of Weymouth were ap- 
pointed brigadiers, by the president and council of the colony of 
Massachusetts Bay, for service in Rhode Island under General 
Sullivan,'' and a few days later the following letter was received 
from the captain of the Newburyport Artillery company : — 

Newburyport, 31 July, 1778. 

Your much esteemed favors of the 26tli and 27111 of July this moment 
came to hand : am happy to have it in my power to inform the Honora- 
ble Board that the Independent Company under my command do, with 
the utmost cheerfulness accept of their invitation, and will be ready to 
march by Tuesday morning next, at farthest and flatter themselves they 
will be joined by numbers of the good people of this town, as we are now 
beating around for volunteers. 

I am, sir, with due regards your most obedient, humble servant. 

Thomas Thom.\s. 

To the Honorable Jeremiah Powell, President of the Council.4 

When the company under the command of Captain Thomas 
reached Boston the council, then in session at the state house, 
adopted the following order : — 

CouNcn. Chamber, Aug. 5, 1778. 
Ordered that the Board of War be, and they hereby are,directed to de- 
liver Captain Thomas poles sufficient for Seven Tents & poles for one 
Wall Tent for the use of his Company of Volunteers from Newbury Port 

1 Newburyport Town Records, vol. I., p. 301;. 

- In 1777, Col. Jonathan Titcomb had command of two regiments enlisted for 
two months service in Rhode Island. Moses Nowell of Newburyport and Silas 
Adams of Newbury were captains of companies in these regiments (Massachusetts 
Archives (Revokitionary Rolls), vol. I., p. 23, and vol. III., p. 21), In 1778, Enoch 
Titcomb of Newburyport was brigade major, under l^rigadier Jonatfian Titcomb, 
in Rhode Island, from the third day of July until the first day of Septemlier, 

^ Massachusetts Archives, vol. CXCIX., pp. 376 and 377. 

" Massachusetts Archives, vol. CXCIX., p. 3S8. 



REVOLUTIONARY WAR 



587 



on their march to re-inforce the army under Genl Sullivan in the State of 
Re Island, — he to return the said poles. 
Read and Accepted, 

Jno Averv, Dp'i Sec. ' 

In the battle of August eighth, Gen. Jonathan Titcomb 
had command of the brigade on the left wing of the second 
line, and Gen. Jonathan Glover of Marblehead had command 
of the left wing on the first line. 

Owing to the failure of the French fleet, under the com- 
mand of Count D'Estaing, to co-operate with the land forces 
the attempt to drive the English troops from Rhode Island 
was unsuccessful, and the ofificers and men who had enlisted 
for the campaign were allowed to return home early in the 
month of September.^ 

In addition to the armed vessels fitted out previous to Janu- 
ary I, 1778, by the colony of Massachusetts Bay for the pro- 
tection of the sea coast, the building of another twenty-gun 
ship was earnestly advocated by the merchants of Boston, 
and after some delay the General Court i)assed the following- 
resolution : — 

In the House of Representatives April 21, 1778. 

Resolved that the Board of War be and they hereby are Directed, im- 
mediately, to employ some suitable person or persons to build for the 
service of the state one ship to mount Twenty guns on one deck taking 
especial care to procure the most approved plan from some able ship- 
wright, or other Person, well acquainted with such business, and to have 
the said ship compleated and ready for sea as soon as may be, giving 
timely notice to this board that they may appoint some suitable person 
seasonably to take the command of her. 

In Council Read & Concurred. Consented to by Fifteen of the 
Council.3 

After careful consideration, plans for building the ship were 
matured, and the board of war sent the following letter to 
Jonathan Greenleaf and Stephen and Ralph Cross in New- 
bury port : — 

1 Massachusetts Archives, vol. CLXXIV., p. 378. 

- For further details relating to the campaign in Rhode Island see Newburyport 
Herald, May 17, 1877 (Address before the Newburyport Artillery Association by 
Hon. Eben F. Stone). 

■* Massachusetts Archives (Court Records), vol. XXYHI., p. 419, 



588 HIS TOR y OF NE WB UR \ TOR T 

War Office Boston, July 9, 1778. 
Mesfrs Cross & Greexleaf 

Gent^ The Board have determined to go forward immediately with 
the 20 Gun Ship ordered to be built by Government. We would there- 
fore desire you would come to Boston as soon as may be convenient & 
bring- with you the draft of the Frigate lioston, when no doubt we shall 
agree with you for building the same. 

We are very respectfully 

Sam^ Phips Savage, Prcst 

per order.' 

The ship was btiilt in the shipyard owned and occupied 
by Stephen and Ralph Cross near the foot of King, now 
Federal, street. In answer to the petition of Joseph Huse 
and others who had agreed to furnish the iron work, the Gen- 
eral Court adopted the following preamble and resolution : — 

In the House of Representatives June 2, 1779. 

On the Petition of Joseph Huse and others setting forth that by their 
Agreement made in October last with Jonathan Greenleaf, Esq. and 
Messrs. Stephen and Ralph Cross, agents of the Board of War, to do the 
large Iron Work for the State ship building at Newbury Port at the Price 
agreed on they must be very great sufferers in consequence of the ad- 
vanced price of Labour &c and praying they may have a suitable allow- 
ance for their Labour. 

Resolved that the Board of War be and they are hereby impowered and 
directed to make such allowance to the said Huse and others, the Peti- 
tioners, for the large and small Iron Work they have done since the last 
Day of December last or may hereafter do for said ship, as to the Board 
of War may appear reasonable, the aforesaid agreement made in their 
behalf with the Petitioners, notwithstanding. 

In Council read & Concurred. Consented to by Fifteen of the Council. - 

June sixteenth, the General Court appointed a committee 
to select a captain for the ship building at Newburyport, and 
also "resolved that the said ship be named Protector."^ 

Following a long established custom, not yet obsolete, a liberal 
and somewhat exhilirating entertainment, suggested in the 
following letter, addressed "To the Honora*^'*^' Board of War," 

' Massachusetts Archives (Board of War) vol. CLL, p. 189. 
2 Massachusetts Archives (Court Records), vol. XXXIX., p. 271; also, vol. 
CCXXIL,p. 410. 

^ Massachusetts Archives, vol. CCXXIIL, pp. 202 and 203. 



RE VOL I 'TIONAK Y IV AR 



589 



was provided for the workmen employed and the spectators 
who witnessed the launching of the ship. 

Boston, July 13, 1779. 
Gentlemen : 

It being customary for the owners of vessels when they are launched 
to give the Workmen Something Better than New England Rum to 
Drink & likewise something to Eat, and also all Persons who attend the 
launching expect to be asked to Drink and Eat something, and especial- 
Iv Public Vessels. It will be expected that something will be Provided 
and it is my opinion about fifty galls of West India Rum & sugar for 
the same & souring, if to be had, and one Quarter cask of Wine and a 
Hamper of Ale or Beer, together with a Fircin (?) hams, neet tongs, or 
cornd Beef, will be necessary to comply with the customs in these cases ; 
all which I submitt to your Honours and am 

Your most obedient servant 

Steph^ Cross.' 

In a letter dated Newburyport, August 15, 1779, Stephen 
Hills informed the board of war that the ship had been 
launched and was then at Long wharf.- Early in October, she 
was nearly ready for sea, and Captain Williams was sent to 
Newburyport with the following introductory letter to Messrs. 
Greenleaf and Cross, ship builders : — 

War Office, Boston, Oct. 2, 1779. 
Gentlemen : 

Capt. Williams having been appointed Commander of the ship Pro- 
tector, this will be delivered you by him who repairs to your Place with 
a number of Men in Order to take Command of said Ship and bring her 
round to this port. He will very probably stand in need of your good 
offices and we shall be much obliged by your affording him such assistance 
as may be in your Power. If he should want any Rum and you will be 
so kind as to advance it for him it shall be replaced to your satisfaction. 
We are Gentlemen 

Your most humble serv'ts 
Mesfrs Cross, Greenleaf & Cross. S. P. S., Pres. perorder. 3 

1 Massachusetts Archives (Public Vessels), vol. XLIV., p. 279. On the 
margin of the letter printed above, is a memorandum of the supplies sent to New- 
buryport, for the entertainment of the workmen and spectators at the launching 
of the ship, as follows: 

" I Barrell West India Rum 
I Qr. Cask Tenereif Wine 
1-2 cwt Brown Sugar 
I Cask Tongs." 
- Massachusetts Archives, vol. CC\'., p. 503. 
■* Massachusetts Archives (Board of War), vol. CLI., p. 335. 



590 HISTOR Y OF NE WB L 'A' YPOR T 

Early in November, the commander of the ship Boston was 
ordered to proceed to Newburyport for the purpose named in 
the following letter : — 

Navy Board, Eastern" Department, Boston, Novem. 9, 1779. 
To Samuel Tucker Esq., commander of the ship Boston. 

You are hereby required to proceed immediately with your Ship to 
Newbury, and when off the Barr, hoist a Jack at your fore top mast & 
fire a Gun, as a Signal for the State Ship, Capt. Williams, to come out. 
You are to receive her under your con\03', & return with her to this 
Port. You are to take due care, that 3'our ship be not exposed to any 
cruiser, that may be on the Coast, and be very V'igilent to avoid any ap- 
pearances of danger from British cruisers, & make as great dispatch as 
possible — we are Sir 

Your Humble Servts. 

W.M. \'ernon, 
J. Warren.' 

On the seventeenth day of June, 1779, three British ships- 
of-war entered Penobscot bay and took possession of the town 
of Castine without opposition. The news that the enemy had 
obtained a foothold on the coast of Maine reached Newbury- 
port a few days later, and the following petition was promptly 
prepared, signed and presented to the General Court : — 

To the Honorable, the Council, and the Honorable House of Repre- 
sentatives of the State of Massachusetts Bay. 

The memorial of the subscribers, inhabitants of the town of Newbury- 
port sheweth that from the best intelligence they can collect, the enemy 
has made, or are attempting to make, a lodgment in Penobscot River for 
which puipose they have come with a frigate, the Blond, two 20 gun 
ships and the brig Hope, of eighteen guns, and transports with eight 
hundred men, — the fleet making together fifteen sail. Least your Honors 
may not have had so direct intelligence they have sent a young man who 
is lately from the Penobscot River, of whom the situation of the enemy 
may be ascertained, — the subscribers being owners of the following 
armed vessels, viz : the ship Vengeance mounting 20 six pounders, the ship 
Monmouth of 24 six pounders, the ship Sky Rocket of 16 four pounders, 
the brig Pallas of the same metal, all of which may be ecjuipped in a 
week from this time, added to which there are two ships and a brig in 
this port (Prize Vessels) which together will mount seventy guns, four 
and six pounders ; the subscribers, ever zealous to promote the public 

' Commodore Tucker Papers, vol. II., p. 161 (Harvard University library). 



592 



HIS TOR I ' OF NE IV B URYPORT 



good and do more than their proportion if necessary, offer for the pub- 
lic service the four first mentioned vessels, provided any expedition can 
be planned in force, to reduce the enemy ; the owners of these vessels, if 
it is necessary to complete the expedition, are willing to risk their vessels 
and to take the trouble of equipping them for the sea, provided the ex- 
pense of victualing, manning and equipping is paid out of the public 
treasury. The owners of the two prize ships and brig are willing to let 
them for the public service, provided in addition to expense of equipment 
as aforesaid, the said vessels are valued and paid for if lost. If this Pro- 
posal meets with the approbation of your Honours, the earliest Information 
given to the Subscribers will be attended to with the utmost Expedition. 
Newburyport 2 3c1 June 1779' John Tracy 

Joseph Marquand 
JON-^ : Jackson . Nat Tracy 

Jacob Boardman Tristram Dalton 

Tho'^ Thomas Sam'' Batchelder 

John Coffin Jones 

On the twenty-fourth day of June, the General Court author- 
ized the board of war to charter all the vessels needed to dis- 
lodge the enemy on the Penobscot river,- and sent the follow- 
ing letter to Jonathan Jackson and others in Newburyport : — 

Gentlemen, 

The General Court are highly pleased with the Patriotism that dis- 
tinguishes the Memorial you have laid before them. Previous to the re- 
ceipt thereof the geni assembly had resolved on an e.xpedition to Pe- 
nobscot to dislodge the Enemy there, a copy of which is herewith sent you, 
and are equiping a Fleet and preparing a Land Force to Co-operate for 
that purpose. We shall depend upon the four vessels first mentioned in 
your Memorial and shall rest entirely satisfyed that the same distinguished 
spirit which has ever appeared in your Conduct will prompt you to 
Man, Water, Wood & Equip for sailing said vessells immediately that 
they may be ready to sail as soon as the Provisions for the same shall 
come to Hand, which the General Court will immediately send. The 
whole expenses shall be re-imbursed you according to the Resolve en- 
closed. The four vessels you mentioned in Addition to the Continental 
Frigate & Sloop Providence, State Vessells and others taken up here 
will be sufficient to compleat the Design. 

In the name of the Geni Court I am gentle" your most obedient hum- 
ble servant 

President. 

To Jonathan Jackson & others, merchants at N. P.3 

' Massachusetts Archives, vol. CLXXXV,, p. 225. 
2 Massachusetts Archives, vol. XXXIX., p. 385. 

•• Massachusetts Archives, vol. CLXXXV,, pp. 229 and 230. This copy has no 
signature. 



REVOLUTIONARY WAR 593 

The next day the following letter, asking for further infor- 
mation, was sent to Tristram Dalton in Newburyport : — 

War Office, Boston, 26tii June, 1779. 
Tristram Dalton, Esq. 

Sir: The Enemy having with several armed ships and a number of 
Land Forces possessed themselves of Penobscott, the removal of them 
is considered by GoveiTiment as a very important object and it is 
their intention to make every exertion that it may be accomplished ; as 
a necessary step to which they have passed the enclosed Resolves, by 
which you will see the engagement made to the owners of private armed 
ships. The very generous offer made by a number of Gentlemen of 
your place in their memorial to Government leave us no room to doubt 
but every assistance in your power will be afforded in this matter and 
nothing shall be wanting on our part to fulfill the duty assigned us by the 
order of Court. 

We send this day by Express and shall be much obliged if you will 
inform us by his return of the number of ships you can equip, and the 
time when they can be got ready. We ask the favor of you to com- 
municate this to the Gentlemen owners of the armed vessels in your port. 
We are &c 

By order of the Board 

John Brown, P. P. T.' 

To this communication Mr. Dalton replied on the twenty- 
seventh day of June, and the next day the General Court 
passed the following resolution : — 

In the House of Representatives, June 28, 1779. 
Resolved that the Board of War be directed immediately to send to 
Newburyport a quantity of provisions to victual for a two months cruise 
one ship of twenty-four guns, one of twent}', and two of sixteen guns which 
the merchants there have agreed to man for the Penobscot Expedition 
. . and that the said Board send to Salem and procure two twen- 

ty gun ships, or more, for the said Expedition immediately. 
Sent up for concurrence. 

John Hancock, Speaker. 

In council June 29, 1779. Read and Concurred.- 

Two days later the president of the board of war sent the 
following interesting and complimentary letter to Tristram 
Dalton : — 

' Massachusetts Archives, vol. CLI., p. 289. 

2 Massachusetts Archives, vol. CCXXIII., pp. 385 and 386, 



594 HISTOR Y OF NE WB UR YPORT 

War Office, 3otH June, 1779. 
Tristram Daltox, Esq. 

Sir: Your Favor of the 27 Instant we received &; are happy in no- 
ticing the Spirited Exertion of the Gentlemen in Newbury Port which 
have given animation to all who wish to promote the present important 
Expedition, the Success of which we are in opinion with you, depends 
on an early & vigorous attack. The three vessels belonging to this state 
will be ready for sea by Saturday next, as early as those of the Conti- 
nent! merchants in this town or Salem, & we flatter ourselves that the 
whole armament both by Land & Sea will be ready to proceed without 
loss of time. The Government have appointed Nantaskett as the Place 
of General Rendezvous, it being thought Proper that the whole fleet 
should be collected at one Place. We would therefore i-ecommend that 
your 4 vessels be there as soon as may be. A communication of every 
account respecting the motions of the Enemy that you may receive 
either by the return of the armed Tender you mention, or in any other 
channel will be esteemed a Favor, & the charges of an Express, if neces- 
sary, will be readily allowed. 

The Provisions so generously advanced to expedite the Public Service 
shall be replaced either in kind or money as may be agreed on for which 
purpose we should be glad to see an agent on the part of the owners that 
we may settle accordingly. We wish to pay the Tribute of applause so 
justly due to the disinterested & strenuous efforts now making by the 
worthy Gentlemen of Newburyport but the great hurry of office at this 
critical junction must be our apology for the omission ; however we must 
add that it evinces that genuine regard to the Glorious cause in which 
we are all embarked, for which the Citizens of that Town have ever been 
distinguished. 

We are &c 

By order of the Board 

Sam^' Phips Savage, Pns/^ 

In order to provide food, clothing" and other supplies for the 
ships fitting out in Newburyport the General Court passed the 
following" resolution : — 

In the House of Representatives, June 30, i 779. 

Resolved that there be paid out of the public Treasury the Sum of 
Fifteen Thousand pounds to Capt Jonathan Parsons for the use of the 
owners of the armed ships fitting out at Newburyport for the Expedition 
to Penobscot they to be accountable for the same ; said Parsons to give 
his receipt to the Treasurer for the same sum on their Accounts. 

In Council read & Concurred. Consented to by Fifteen of the Council.- 

1 Massachusetts Archives, vol. CLI., p. 296. 

'^ Massachusetts Archives, vol. XXXVII., p. 429. 



KE VOLl 'TIONA R } ' WAR 



595 



Two days later, the following order was adopted instructing 
the naval officer to clear certain vessels in the harbor of New- 
bury port : — 

State of Massachusetts Bay. 

Council Chamber, July 2, 1779. 

Ordered that the Naval Officer for the Port of Newbury Port be and 

hereby is directed to clear out those vessels now in the Harbour of said 

Port that shall apply for clearances who are intended for the Penobscot 

Expedition : viz : the ship Vengeance, Thomas Thomas, Commander, 

ship Monmouth, Alex Ross, ship Sky Rocket, Capt. ■ Burke and 

Brigane Pallas, James Johnson, Commander.' 

General Lovell of Weymouth was appointed commander of 
the land forces but the masters of ships and transports were 
ordered to report to Captain Saltonstall of Connecticut. 
The fleet sailed from Nantasket roads on the tenth day of 
July, but did not reach Penobscot bay until Sunday morning- 
July twenty-fifth. Several attempts were made to dislodge 
the enemy without success. The commanders of the land and 
the naval forces did not work together harmoniously and the 
result was disastrous. Micajah Lunt, who joined the expedi- 
tion in Newburyport, made the following statement several 
years after his return home : — 

In the war of the Revolution, in the year 1779, I shipped in Newbury- 
port on board the armed ship Vengeance, commanded by Thomas Thom- 
as, in the expedition to Penobscot, which ship was driven up the river 
by the British fleet, and with others in the expedition was burnt bv order 
of the Commodore, to prevent them falling into the hands of the British : 
their crews took to the woods, and on foot found their way back to the 
province of Massachusetts. - 

After the destruction of the vessels it was impossible to 
enforce any discipline. The woods were filled with small par- 
ties, half starved and half clothed, working their way, as best 

' Massachusetts Archives, vol. CLXXV., p. 383. 

Samuel Horton, in a diary now in the possession of Mr. Eben Bradbury, wrote 
under date of July 3, 1779: '^ Ye Pallace, Sky Rocket and Capt. Gideons in a brig 
sailed for Boston to join ye fleet for Penobscot. Two more ships are going to- 
morrow." 

-History of Newburyport (Mrs. E. Vale Smith), p. 118. 



596 HIS TORY OF NE WB UR ] 'FOR T 

they could, to the settlements on the Kennebec. Newbury- 
port sent the schooner Shark, loaded with provisions for the 
relief of the sufferers and contributed freely to aid the poor 
sailors and soldiers who were obliged to depend upon charity 
for the means to return home.' 

In July, 1779, a convention was held at Concord to regu- 
late the sale or purchase of manufactured goods and agricul- 
tural products. On the fourth day of August, the inhabitants 
of Newburyport voted to approve the resolutions adopted and 
follow the recommendations made at that convention. A large 
committee was ap]5ointed to establish prices for articles not 
specifically named in the schedule adopted at Concord.' 

John Bromfield, Michael Hodge and Enoch Titcomb were 
elected delegates to the second convention held at Concord, in 
the month of October following, which resulted in the adop- 
tion of a revised list of prices. A vigorous attempt was 
made to uphold the proceedings of the convention but the 
laws of trade were inexorable and the scheme was ultimately 
abandoned. 

In order to encourage the re-enlistment of men whose term 
of service in the army had nearly expired the inhabitants of 
Newburyport voted June 16, 1779, to pay soldiers re-enlisting 
and serving until the close of the war " three pounds per 
month, at the regulated Price, the Town drawing their Conti- 
nental & State Pay ; or to give them one thousand pounds 
Bounty each, to be paid at four several Pa)'ments, they draw- 
ing their Continental wages as they shall severally choose."^ 

On the eighteenth day of October, the selectmen were 
authorized to sell all the cannon and military stores belonging 
to the town, " except one pair of six pound cannon with their 
implements," and on the second day of November following, 
they sold at public auction, " at the Parade in Newburyport," 

' The Newburyport Herald for January 9*'' and lo*'', 1879, has an interesting 
account of the Penobscot expedition written by the late Hon. Eben F. Stone. 
^ Newburyport Town Records, vol. I., p. 317. 
^ Newburyport Town Records, vol. I., p. 316. 



REVOLUTIONARY WAR 



597 



two double-fortified four-pound cannon and four six-pound 

cannon for the sum of . ^3720. 

Four gun carriages . 390. 

Floating battery . 105.' 

Early in the month of June, 1780, Newburyport was again 
called upon to furnish men armed and equipped for three 
months service. 

[June 19, 1780] Voted that the committee appointed by the Town 
to raise the men to re-inforce the Continental Army be impowered & di- 
rected to make such farther offers to induce them to enhst as they shall 
think fitt, either in hard money or provisions. - 

[June 30, 17S0] Voted unanimously that three hundred pounds (ex- 
clusive of the state pay) per month be given to each person who shall 
inlist to serve three months for this Town, agreeable to a requisition of 
the General Court. 

Voted that four hundred & fifty pounds be advanced to each Person 
who shall inlist as aforesaid. - 

On the third day of July, the inhabitants of Newburyport 
voted to raise the um of seventy-five thousand pounds to 
meet the extraordinary expenses authorized by the town, the 
tax to be assessed and collected on or before the first day of 
September, for the purpose of " procuring, raising, equipping 
& dispatching this Town's proportion of the militia required by 
a resolution of the General Court dated June 8, 1780."^ 

Owing to the depreciated condition of the currency, the 
town, voted December 21, 1780, to raise one thousand pounds 
in hard money, by taxation, arid pay bounties and soldiers' 
wages in silver at six shillings and eight pence per ounce " or in 
current bills of credit equivalent thereto according to the current 
exchange between the same & silver, amongst 'merchants."* 

In March, 1781, a committee was appointed to prepare a 
plan and organize the inhabitants of the town into several di- 

1 Newburyport (Selectmen's) Records. 

At the close of the war the selectmen were authorized to sell all or a part of 
the cannon, powder and military stores remaining on hand, and June i6, 1784, 
they sold at auction several pair of heavy wheels and five gun carriages. 

^ Newburyport Town Records, vol. I., pp. 334 and 335. 

^ Newburyport Town Records, vol. I., p. 335. 

■^ Newburyport Town Records, vol. I., p. 343. 



598 HISTORY OF NE WBUR YPOKT 

visions or classes for the purpose of procuring the men needed 
to make up the deficiency in the quota assigned to Newbury- 
port. 

[July lo, I 781] Voted that the inhabitants of this Town be imme- 
diately arranged in forty-three classes, according to property & numbers, 
and that each class shall procure a man, seasonably, after notice, or be 
liable to a draft from the commanding officer." 

On the seventeenth day of July, the committee appointed to 
classify the inhabitants of the town reported a plan, which 
was accepted and adopted, for raising the sum of six hundred 
and sixty-three pounds to be used in procuring forty-three 
men for three or five years' service in the army. 

After the surrender of Cornwallis, at Yorktown, October 
19, 1 78 1, no further efforts were made to encourage enlist- 
ments. At a meeting of the inhabitants of Newburyport held 
January 7, 1782, questions relating to the protection of the 
fishing industry were discussed and finally disposed of as 
follows : — 

Voted that the Representatives of this Town be & hereby are Directed 
to use their Influence at the General Court to procure an application 
to Congress that they would give positive orders and Instructions to their 
Commissioners for negotiating a peace to make the right of the United 
States to the Fisheries an indispensable article of treaty. - 

The American colonies were not " acknowledged to be free, 
sovereign and independent " until the formal treaty of peace 
was signed at Versailles, September 3, 1783. 

THE commander-in-chief's GUARD. 

March 11, 1776, General Washington, in command of the 
Revolutionary army at Cambridge, issued a general order 
providing for the organization of a company of " sober, intelli- 
gent and reliable men" to protect the person and baggage of 
the commander-in-chief. 

1 Newbuiyport Town Records, vol. I., p. 360. 
- Newburyport Town Records, vol. I., p. 368. 



I 



FEVOLCTIONARY WAR 599 

Caleb Gibbs of Massachusetts was appointed " Captain 
Commandant," and George Lewis, a nephew of Washington, 
lieutenant. Men were detailed from the various regiments at 
Cambridge to serve in the ranks of the company. " It was 
considered a mark of peculiar distinction to belong to the 
Commander-in-chief's Guard."' 

January i, 1777, Lieutenant Lewis organized a troop of 
fifty men, and on the first day of May following some of these 
men were detached and assigned for duty, as mounted cavalry- 
men in the Commander-in-Chief's Guard, and Lieutenant Lew- 
is was appointed captain of the " Cavalry Guard." 

The followmg-named persons, who enlisted in Newburyport 
early in 1775, were transferred from Massachusetts regiments 
to the company under the command of Capt. Caleb Gibbs, 
and afterwards to the cavalr\' under the command of Capt. 
George Lewis.- 

Michael Caswell enlisted May 3. 1775, in Capt. Ezra Lunt's 
company, Seventeenth regiment, commanded by Col. Moses 
Little ; re-enlisted in Newtown, Pa., December 14, 1776, in 
Capt. George Lewis' troop. Third regiment. Continental Dra- 
goons, commanded by Col. George Baylor ; assigned to the 
cavalry of the Commander-in-Chief's Guard, commanded by 
Capt. George Lewis, May i, 1777 ; at the battle of German- 
town, Pa., October 4, 1777 ; at the battle of Monmouth, N. J., 
June 26, 1778 ; at the skirmish at Tappan, N. Y., September 
28, 1.778 ; discharged in Philadelphia December 13, 1779. 

John Coffin enlisted August 3, 1775, in Capt. Benjamin 
Perkins' company. Seventeenth regiment, commanded by Col. 
Moses Little; re-enlisted January i, 1776, in Captain Per- 
kins' company. Twelfth regiment, commanded by Col. Moses 
Little; transferred at Cambridge March 12, 1776, to the 
Commander-in-Chief's Guard ; at the battle of White Plains, 
New York, October 28, 1776 ; discharged December 14, 1776 ; 
re-enlisted for three years in Capt. George Lewis' troop, 
Third regiment. Continental Dragoons, commanded by Col. 
George Baylor ; assigned to the ca\alry of the Commander-in- 

1 Lossing's Pictorial Field Book of the Revolution, vol. II., p. 120 note. 

" See Commander-in-Chief's Guard, by Carlos E. Godfrey, published in 1904. 



6oo ^IIS TOR V OF NE WB UR YPOR T 

Chief's Guard, commanded by Capt. George Lewis, May i, 
1777 ; at the battle of Brandywine, Delaware, September 11, 
1777 ; at the battle of Germantown, Pa., October 4, 1777 ; at 
the battle of Monmouth, N, J., June 28, 1778 ; at the skirmish 
at Tappan, N. Y., September 28, 1778; discharged in Phila- 
delphia December 13, 1779/ 

Lemuel Coffin enlisted May 9, 1775, in Capt. Benjamin 
Perkins' company, Seventeenth regiment, Continental Infantry, 
commanded by Col. Moses Little ; at the battle of Bunker 
hill June 17, 1775 ; re-enlisted January i, 1776, in Capt. 
Benjamin Perkins' company, Twelfth regiment, Continental 
Infantry, commanded by Col. Moses Little ; transferred at 
Cambridge March 12, 1776, to the Commander-in-Chief's 
Guard, commanded by Caleb Gibbs ; at the battle of White 
Plains, N. Y., October 28, 1776; discharged at Newtown, 
Pa., December 4, 1776; re-enlisted in Capt. George Lewis' 
troop, Third regiment. Continental Dragoons, commanded by 
Col. George Baylor ; assigned to the cavalry of the Command- 
er-in-Chief's Guard, commanded by Capt. George Lewis, May 
I, 1777 ; at the battle of Germantown, Pa., October 4, 1777 ; 
at the battle of Monmouth, N. J., June 28, 1778 ; at the skir- 
mish at Tappan, N. Y., September 28, 1778; discharged at 
Philadelphia December 13, 1779.- 

Zebulon Titcomb and Michael Titcomb enlisted April 19, 
1775, in Capt. Moses Nowell's company and marched to Cam- 
bridge when news of the battle at Lexington and Concord 
reached Newburyport. They re-enlisted for eight months in 
the Seventeenth regiment, commanded by Col. Moses Little ; 
re-enlisted January i, 1776, for one year, in the Twelfth regi- 

1 John Coffin, son of Joseph and Olive (Fowler) Coffin, was born in Newbury 
August 12, 1757. He married Mary Palmer November i8, 1781. Children: 
Henry, born February 23, 1783; John, born November 20, 1785 ; Jeremiah, 
born August 21, 1787. 

2 Lemuel Coffin, brother of John Coffin, was born in Newbury, now Newbury- 
port, November 20, 1755. He married Catherine Cressol April 2, 1780, in Fred- 
erick, Md., and probably lived there until November 16, 1785, when he removed 
to Newburyport. He occupied for thirty-five or forty years a dwelling house near 
the corner of Warren and Merrimack streets. His son Abel, born October 21, 
1792, was master of the ship Sachem when she brought the Siamese twins from 
Siam to Boston in 1829. (See chapter HI., p. 158.) LemuelCoHin diedinNew- 
buryport June 29, 1837. 



REVOLUTIONARY WAR 60 1 

ment, commanded by Col. Moses Little ; transferred at Cam- 
bridge March 12, 1776, to the Commander-in-Chief's Guard, 
commanded by Capt. Caleb Gibbs; at the battle of White Plains, 
N. Y., October 28, 1776; discharged at Newtown, Pa., De- 
cember 14, 1776 ; re-enlisted for three years in Capt. George 
Lewis' troop, Third regiment, Continental Dragoons, com- 
manded by Col. George Baylor ; assigned to the cavalry of 
the Commanders-in-Chief's Guard, commanded by Capt. 
George Lewis, May i, 1777 ; at the battle of Brandywine, 
Del., September 11, 1777 ; at the battle of Germantown, Pa., 
October 4, 1777 ; at the battle of Monmouth, N. J., June 28, 
1778; rejoined the regiment September 26, 1778; at the 
skirmish of Tappan, N. Y., September 28, 1778 ; discharged 
at Philadelphia, Pa., December 13, 1779.' 

A formal treaty of peace between England and the Ameri- 
can colonies was signed in Paris September 3, 1783, and the 
Commander-in-Chief's Guard was disbanded on the third day 
of November following. 

NAVAL SERVICE. 

\\\ August, 1775, the ship Alfred, 440 tons register, and 
five smaller vessels were purchased by a committee chosen for 
that purpose by the continental congress, and Esek Hopkins 
of Rhode Island was appointed commodore of the f^eet. 

' Michael Titconib, son of Parker and Sarah Titcomb, was born October 15, 
1750 {?). He married Lydia Hart. Michael and Lydia (Hart) Titcomb had two 
sons and three daughters as follows: Betsey, born in 1775, married Matthew 
Vincent ; Anna Hart, born in 1777, married Asa Webster Chickering; Michael, 
born October 20, 1720; married, for his first wife, Hannah C. Knapp in 1807, for 
his second wife, Jemima Giles in 1834; he died in July, 1869; Sarah Little, 
born February 17, 1784, died unmarried; Thomas, born in 1786, died March 7, 
1836. 

Michael Titcomb, born in 1750, who served for three years in the Command- 
er-in-Chief's Guard, died in Newburyport January 21, 1821. The following 
obituary notice was published in the Newburyport Herald on Tuesday, the twen- 
ty-third day of January : — • 

" In this town on Sunday last Captain Michael Titcomb aged 65 ( ?) years. At 
the time of our revolutionary struggle he entered the service of his country and was 
selected as one of General Washington's body guard, in which service he had 
several narrow escapes. In 1798 he was appointed first Lieutenant on board the 
United States ship Merrimack built in this town. Since he left the United States 
service he has been in the merchant service from this port to the full acceptance 
of his employers. Funeral from his late dwelling house in Ship street this after- 
noon at half past two o'clock." 



<5o2 HIS TOR V OF NE WB UR YPOR T 

David Saltonstall was captain, John Paul Jones, first lieuten- 
ant, and Henry Lunt of Newburyport, one of the crew, of the 
ship Alfred. 

The fleet sailed from Philadelphia February 17, 1776, and 
subsequently made an unsuccessful attempt to capture Fort 
Nassau on one of the Bahama islands. After a running fight 
with the British sloop-of-war Glasgow off the east end of Long 
Island the fleet came to anchor in the harbor of New London 
on the eighth day of April. 

An investigation followed. Commodore Hopkins was dis- 
missed from the service and Captain Saltonstall was relieved 
from active duty for one year. John Paul Jones, a subordinate 
ofTficer, escaped censure and was ordered to take command of 
the sloop-of-war Providence at Newport, R. L He accepted, 
with alacrity, the position to which he had been assigned, and 
taking with him nine men from the ship Alfred, including 
Henry Lunt of Newburyport,' he sailed in the Providence 
from Newport to New York, where he shipped a crew of able- 
bodied seamen, and sailed again, on the fourteenth day of June, 
on a cruise that resulted in the capture of sixteen vessels, eight 
of which were destroyed at sea and eight sent into port. 

The Providence arrived in Newport in October, i 'J']6, after 
a four months' cruise, and Henry Lunt probably returned to 
Newburyport previous to the first day of November. He 
sailed November fifteenth, with his kinsman Cutting Lunt, in 
the brig Dalton from Newburyport, and was captured on the 
twenty-fourth day of December by the Reasonable, an Eng- 
lish frigate carrying sixty-four guns. He was subsequently 
confined, with the rest of the crew of the brig Dalton, in the 
Mill prison at Plymouth, England, for more than two years .- 
He was released in March, 1779, with more than one hundred 
other prisoners, and taken in a cartel-ship employed for that 
purpose to Nantes in P' ranee. 

In the meanwhile, congress had provided for the construc- 
tion of six large frigates for the protection of American com- 

' Paul Jones, P'ounder of the American Navy (Buell), vol. i., p. 51. 
^ A Relic of the Revolution, containing the diary of Charles Herbert of New- 
■buryport who was in the brig Dalton when she was captured. 



REVOLUTIONARY WAR 603 

merce. One of these frigates, built by William and John 
Hackett at Salisbury point, and fitted for sea in Nevvburyport, 
was named the Alliance. She arrived at L' Orient, in France, 
early in the year 1779, and sailed on the fourteenth day of 
August, with the Bon Homme Richard and other vessels, 
under the command of John Paul Jones, " from the Isle de 
Groaix," for a cruise on the British coast. 

William Shackford, Joseph Poor, Richard Lunt, Ebenezer 
Brown, Paul Noyes, Joseph Plummer, John Smith, Charles 
Herbert, Joseph Choate, Thomas Bayley, Benjamin Carr and 
Ebenezer Edwards, all of Newbury port, captured in the brig 
Dalton, and released from Mill prison in March, 1779, shipped 
on board the Alliance before she sailed on this memorable 
cruise." 

Joseph Brewster, Jacob True and Nathaniel Bayley were 
probably seamen on the Bon Homme Richard.' On the nine- 
teenth day of May, Commodore Jones ordered Henry Lunt, 
master's mate of that ship, to proceed to Dinan and enlist 
some American seamen " recently arrived there in the cartel 
from England," Soon after that date, he was appointed 
second lieutenant. 

Cutting Lunt, kinsman of Henry Lunt, was third lieutenant. 
July twenty-eighth, he was sent from L' Orient to Nantes to 
enlist seamen, "able and willing to serve America and enrich 
themselves." On the twenty-third day of August, while the 
Bon Homme Richard was becalmed off the English coast, a 
boat's crew, sent out to keep the ship from drifting on to a 
reef of rocks, suddenly surprised and over-powered the officer 
in charge, cut the tow-line and pulled for the shore. Cutting 
Lunt, in another boat with six seamen and four marines, gave 
chase, but the deserters escaped. The pursuers, following 
them closely, ventured too near the shore and were captured 
and again confined in an English prison. 

Early in the evening, September twenty-third, the Bon 
Homme Richard fell in with the Serapis, an English man-of- 
war, carrying forty-four guns, and after a terrible conflict com- 
pelled her captain to haul down her flag and surrender. Be- 

' See Appendix to A Relic of the Revolution, pp. 249 and 250. 



6 o 4 ^^'^' TOR Y OF NE WB UR YPOR T 

fore the desperate struggle began Henry Lunt had been sent 
out, with fourteen sailors in a small pilot boat, to capture a 
collier in the offing. The wind was light and baffling and he 
was unable to return to his ship until " the Bon Homme 
Richard and the Serapis had locked teeth in their murderous 
rough and tumble fight." As it was, however, he boarded the 
Serapis on the off side from the Richard within five or six 
minutes after the firing ceased. When the battle was over 
Commodore Jones found that his ship was sinking. The 
wounded as well as the uninjured officers and men were re- 
moved to the Serapis. Only the dead remained on the ship 
when she rolled heavily, settled slowly by the head and sank 
in about forty fathoms of water.' 

The crippled and disabled Serapis, under the command of 
Commodore Jones, arrived at the Texel in Holland on the 
third day of October and landed her prisoners and wounded 
seamen. The Alliance, under the command of Pierre Landais, 
had arrived there the day before. A violent quarrel ensued. 
For his failure to assist the Bon Homme Richard in her strug- 
gle with the Serapis, Captain Landais was suspended from 
the command of the Alliance.- 

December 26, 1779, Commodore Jones, having transferred 
his flag from the Serapis to the Alliance, sailed on a cruise 
through the straits of Dover and down the English Channel as 
far south as Corunna in Spain. Henry Lunt accompanied 
him as first lieutenant of the Alliance and afterwards came 
with him in the Ariel, " a French ship-of-war in the United 
States service," to Philadelphia, arriving there February 18, 
1 78 1, with a cargo of small arms and ammunition for the Con- 
tinental Army. Li the month of May following, Commodore 
Jones retired from active service and soon after that date was 
sent to Portsmouth, N. H., to superintend the building of a 
seventy-four gun ship on Langdon's island. 

Henry Lunt returned to Newburyport after an absence of 

' Paul Jones, Founder of the American Navy (Buell), vol. I., pp. 195 and 196. 
^ He was subsequently declared to be insane, and was dismissed from the service. 
He died on Long Island, in the slate of New York, in July, 18 18, aged eighty- 
s even. 



R EVOLUTION ARY WAR 605 

four years and three montlis in the service of his country, 
bringing with him the following certificate or letter of recom- 
mendation : — 

The bearer hereof, Mr. Henry Lunt, has served under my command 
on board the Continental ship Bon Homme Richard. He was first em- 
ployed by me as a midshipman at L"Orient, in the summer of 1779. He 
had been released from an English prison by a cartel. 1 soon promoted 
him to the station of a second lieutenant, and he continued with me in 
that ship as such, and was afterwards with me in the sliip Alliance from 
the Texel to France, and also from thence with me in the ship Ariel to 
this port as second lieutenant. Mr. Lunt has been with me in many 
trying circumstances, and has always behaved like a good officer, for 
which he has my best wishes. He had not the good fortune to be on 
board at the time of the engagement with the Serapis till the close of the 
action. He is included in the vote of thanks which I have been honored 
with by the Congress since my return to this country. 

Given under my hand at Philadelphia, May, 1781. 

Chevalier Paul Jones.' 

Henry Lunt, second lieutenant of the Bon Homme Richard, 
was a lineal descendant of Henry Lunt who settled in New- 
bury in 1635. 

Matthew Lunt, son of Daniel, grandson of Henry Lunt, Jr., 
and great-grandson of Henry Lunt, senior, who settled in 
Newbury in 1635, married Jane Moody of Newbury. His 
intention of marriage was published February 6, 1742. Chil- 
dren of Matthew and Jane (Moody) Lunt : — 

Ezra, born April 10, 1743. Captain in the Revolutionary Army.- 
Daniel, born March 14, 1745. Captured in the privateer brig Dalton. 

Escaped from Mill prison previous to 1779. 
Anne, born February 28, 1750. 

Henry, born in 1754. Second lieutenant of the Bon Homme Richard. 
Jane, bom February 26, 1756. 
Mary, born February 25, 1759. 
Elizabeth, born March 2, 1761. 

Cutting Lunt, son of Joseph, grandson of Daniel, and great- 
grandson of Henry Lunt, who settled in Newbury in 1635, 

' History of Newburyport (Mrs. E. Vale Smith), p. 365, 
■^ See chapter XV., pp. 546-549. 



6o6 HIS TOR V OF NE IVB UR YPOR T 

married Deborah Jaqiies of Newbury December lo, 1735. 
Children of Cutting and Deborah (Jaques) Lunt : — 

Sarah, bom in October, 1736: died January 13, i 73S. 

Paul, born March i 8, i 739 ; died Februar}- 8, i 746. 

Richard, born April 17, 1742. Captured in the brig Dalton. Con- 
trned in Mill prison. Seaman on board the frigate Alliance. 

Silas, born August 21, 1744: died April 13, 1752. 

Paul, born March 30, i 747. Lieutenant in Capt. Ezra Lunt's compan\' 
at the battle of Bunker hill. Author of a diary published in 1872. 

Cutting, born JanuaiT i, 1749. Captured in the brig Dalton. Con- 
fined in Mill prison. Third lieutenant of the Bon Homme Richard. 

REVOLUTION' ARV WAR CLAIMS. 

Several attempts were made to recover from the common- i 
wealth of Massachusetts the cost of building a fort on Plum 
island and sinking piers in the Merrimack river lor the protec- 
tion of the town and harbor of Nevvburyport. 

January 10, 1776, some of the bills for labor and material 
used in the construction of the piers were referred to the com- 
mittee of safety and correspondence,' and on the fourteenth 
day of March the committee was instructed to prepare a pe- ■ 
tition, stating the facts and praying the General Court for 
assistance in the work began but not then completed, as fol- 
lows : — ■ 

Voted that the Committee of Correspondence for this Town be desired 
to prefer a Petition to the Hon"ble General Assembly praying their as- 
sistance in defending & securing this Harbour & in the expenses that 
have already accrued for that purpose & for relief in our Colonial Taxes 
as the ability of the town is lessened by the failure of their commerce & 
to pray for payment of sundry small expenses incurred in the confused 
times of last spring & summer & that the Town Clerk attest the Petition 
to be preferred.' 

In answer to this petition, the General Court adopted the 
following resolution : — 

In the House of Representatives April 17, 177^). 
Resolved that the committee appointed to Fortify the Town & Har- 

' Newburyport Town Records, vol. I., p. 246. 
2 Newburyport Town Records, vol. L, p. 251. 



REVOLUTIONARY WAR CLAIMS 607 

hour of Boston be and they hereby are directed to deliver into the Hands 
of Jonathan Jackson of Newbury Port, Six Pieces of Cannon from Nine 
to Twelve pounders, said Cannon to be improved for the defence of said 
Newbury Port until the further Order of this Court provided said Cannon 
can be spared & are not wanted for the defence of the Town & Harbour 
of Boston. 

In Council read & Concurred. Consented to bv 15 of the Council.' 

The General Court adjourned on the tenth day of May. At 
the next session, held on the twenty-ninth day of May, thef ol- 
lowing" petition was presented: — 

To the honble the Council & the honble House of Representatives for 
the Colony of Massachusetts bay in Genl Court assembled May 1776. 

The Memorial of the Subscribers Representatives of the town of New- 
burvport Sheweth 

That a l^etition was presented to the last Genl Assembly of this Col- 
ony by the Town they represent, praying Aid towards the Fortification of 
their Harbour. A Committee appointed to consider this Petition report, 
ed a Sum for that purpose, & that they shou'd be furnished with some 
Cannon, the honble Court gave them an Order for the Cannon, if thev 
cou'd be procured from Boston, but tliey have not yet been able to pro- 
cure them — and they rejected the Report for an Allowance without 
further Enquiry, owing as we suppose to their great Engagements at that 
time. We apprehend that if a due Enquiry is made, it will be found that 
the Fortifications then erected at Newburyport, & others now erecting 
there, are of importance, & necessary to a valuable part of the Colony, & 
if so, that it ought to be a Colonial Concern, they earnestly pray the Con- 
sideration of the Court on the Premises, & if it shall appear that the Ex- 
pence about these Fortifications has been necessary, that the same may 
be repaid, & that they may be supplied with Cannon & Shot, & guarded 
by such a Number of Men, as may render these Fortifications usefull. To 
induce your Honours to an Attention to their Case, they beg leave to 
suggest, that it is almost the only Harbour where a considerable Trade 
maybe driven in these times of Danger with so great Safety, if a small 
additional Security to what Nature has done for them, was added. That 
the Opinion which has prevailed that they were already safe, they think 
entirely a Mistake, & doubt not any Person on the Spot would be con- 
vinced of the same, as it will be apparent, that with a small Fleet of flat 
bottomed Vessels armed, enough of which the enemy have taken from 
us, & can easily prepare, with these, & a frigate or two to support them 
outside the Bar, they might easily find their way into the Harbour & ef- 
fect their Design. The Inhabitants of the Towns bordering upon the 

' Massachusetts Archives (Cjurt Record,-.), vol, XXXIV., p. 767. 



6o8 HISTOR Y OF NE WBUR^ 'POR 7 

River are all convinced of this Truth, & the Town of Newburyport itself 
has made great Exertions on this Principle, & we cannot but think that 
much Regret will take place, should the Navigation of that River be 
prevented & that Town destroyed merely for the want of Attention. 

Joxa Jackson 
Tristram Daltox 
Moses Little 
J. Lowell 
Edw^' Wigglesworth I 

In answer to this petition the General Court, on the twen- 
ty-eighth clay of June, passed the resokitions printed in this 
chapter, page 566, directing the commissary-general to send 
three large cannon to Newburyport in place of the six smaller 
ones previously voted, and also provided for the organization 
of two miUtary companies for the protection of the sea coast. 

May 13, 1785, a committee, consisting of Hon. Benjamin 
Greenleaf, Dr. Micajah Sawyer and Theophilus Bradbury, 
Esq., was appointed to prepare a petition to be signed by the 
selectmen and presented to the General Court. At the same 
meeting the following vote was passed : — 

Whereas the Town is about to apply to the General Court for an al- 
lowance of the expenses incurred by fortifying the harbour &c at the be- 
ginning of the lale war, in case the supplys made by the other towns on 
Merrimack river should furnish objections to a grant for said expenses 
our representatives are hereby authorized, if they judge proper, to en- 
gage in behalf of this town that all bills of such supplies as may appear 
reasonable shall be discharged by this town upon our obtaining a grant 
as aforesaid. - 

In the petition prepared by the above-named committee 
and signed by David Coats, Michael Hodge, William Bartlet 
and William Coombs, selectmen of Newburyport, the cost of 
building piers, forts and a floating battery for the protection 
of the harbor is stated as follows : — 

That in the years 1775 and 1776 the said Town in order to guard & 
defend themselves and'the neighboring Towns from the apprehended in- 
vasions & attacks of the Enemy then infesting the sea coasts and niak- 

' Massachusetts Archives, vol. CLXXXI., pp. i and 2. 
- Newburyport Town Records, vol. L, p. 445. 



REVOLUTIONARY WAR CLAIMS 609 

ing depredations on the Maratime Towns of the State prepared and sank 
a number of piers in the Channel of the Merrimack river, near the mouth 
thereof, they have also built a fort on Salisbury side of said river & an- 
other fort on Plum island near the entrance of the harbour, they construc- 
ted a floating battery, built a barge and made a number of Gun Carriages, 
the whole expense whereof amounted to the sum of Two thousand four 
hundred and thirty-three pounds, eight shillings, two and one half pence 
as by the accounts, supported by proper vouchers and ready to be here- 
with exhibited, will appear." 

This petition was read in the house of representatives on the 
tenth day of June and referred to a special committee, but no 
farther action was taken during that session of the General 
Court.- In 1786 and 1789, similar petitions were presented 
with substantially the same result. 

At a meeting- of the inhabitants of Newburyport held May 
16, 1792, the following petition was read, approved and ordered 
to be presented at the next session of the General Court : — 

To the Honorable the Senate and House of Representatives of the 
Commonwealth of Masssachusetts in General Court assembled. 

The Petition of the Town of Newbur^-port, in the County of Essex, 
humbly shews 

That in the years 1775 & 1776, the said Town, in order to guard and 
defend themselves, & the neighbouring Towns, from the apprehended 
invasions, & attacks of the enemy, then infesting the Sea Coasts, and 
making depredations on the Maratime Towns of the State prepared & 
Sunk a number of piers in the Channel of Merrimack River, near the 
mouth thereof, built a fort, on Salisbury side of said River, and another 
on Plumb Island, near the entrance of the harbour, constructed a float- 
ing Battery, built a Barge, & made a number of Gun Carriages, the 
whole expence of all which amounted to the sum of two thousand four 
hundred & thirty-three pounds, eight shillings & two pence halfpenny as 
by the account thereof, supported by sufficient vouchers, read}- herewith 
to be exhibited, will plainly & clearly appear. 

That Merrimack river was then a channel of conveyance of Stores for 
the Army, that two Continental Frigates were then building in this Town 
which with other causes, peculiarlv marked the Town as an object of 
vengeance to the Enemy, that said works were probably the means of 
preventing the Enemy from entering the harbour, destroying said Frig- 
ates, and spreding destruction thro this part of the State, and at the 

^ Newburyport Town Records, vol. I., pp. 445-447. 
" House of Representatives (Journal), pp. 100-102. 



6 1 o HIS TOR \ ' OF NE \VB UR 1 FOR T 

same time rendered it a safe assylum for vessels belonging to Boston, 
then in the power of the Enemy, & of those belonging to Marblehead, 
Cape Ann & other exposed Maratime Towns, and altho from the press- 
ing necessity of the case, these works were begun before there was time 
to apply for any order of the General Court for the purpose, yet there is 
no doubt, but that they would have directed them to have been done (if 
there had been) at the public expence, which clearly appears from this 
circumstance, that upon the report of a respectable committee, sent by 
the General Court to take a view of the situation of the Town & Har- 
bour, they fully manifested their approbation of said works, as prudent 
& necessary for the public safety, by making provision for supplying said 
Forts on Plum Island with Guns, Ammunition & Stores & maintaining a 
Garrison there for a considei'able time. 

The Town thus favored with the countenance & approbation of the 
government, &: knowing that what they had thus expended was in the 
public service & for the public good, made no doubt, that the same 
would be allowed & paid by Government, and seasonably exhibited their 
account fairly vouched & applied for payment to the General Court, and 
have made repeated applications for payment since ; nevertheless, though 
these accounts have never been disputed, nor objected to, as unreason- 
able, or improper, nor the necessity & propriety of the works about which 
the money was expended called in question, nor any doubt made respect- 
ing its being for the public good, yet the Town has never been able to 
obtain any payment thereof, the refusal of which they have never been 
able to account for, and have ever considered as a very great grevience 
& to which they have hitherto been obliged with great reluctance to 
submit, they venture to say that no other expence of a like nature, and 
to any large amount by any other Town in the Goverment has been re- 
fused payment of ; and to every such expence, which the General Court has 
allowed & paid to a number of other Towns, in the commonwealth, this 
Town, has always contributed a large share, and when they call to mind 
the very great exertions they made, as great at least as any Town in the 
Government in proportion to their abihties, and the very great expences 
they incurred in the public cause, they are constrained to use the freedom, 
tho with all due decency and respect, to say that in their opinion, the gov- 
ernment is, & ever has been bound by every obligation of honor & justice 
to pay them this demand. The Town further beg leave as an additional rea- 
son for this repeated application to suggest that they have no where else to 
apply for payment as no accounts of individuals or Towns, or any other but 
the demands of the individual states as such will be received, or admitted 
by the Commissioners of Congress, appointed to examine the demands 
against the United States and if now refused they will be for ever pre- 
cluded from receiving any compensation whatever. Wherefore, and as the 
Town are still labouring under this & other heavy debts contracted in the 
defence of the countrv in the late war, and have been ever since, and still 



REVOLUTIONARY WAR CLAIMS 6ii 

are paying Interest for the same, they humbly hope & trust, that payment 
of the principal at least, will be no longer denied or delayed, and that 
the Town will be considered by your honors, as having alread}* suffered 
enough by being so long kept out of it, and by having paid as much In- 
terest, as the principal amounts to, without being oblidged to submit to a 
total, & final loss of the principal too. Firmly relying that Justice, tho 
longdela3-ed, will at last be done them, your Petitioners humbly pray, that 
the said sum of ^2433.8.25 may be ordered to be paid them out of any 
unappropriated monies, in the Treasury, by warrant from the Governour 
with the advice of Council, in satisfaction for their demand. 

And as in duty bound will ever pray By order and in behalf of the 
Town of Newburyport, May 16, 1792. 

Moses Hoyt ^ 

Samuel Bavlev | Select Men 
Nath' Carter, Jr )■ of 

John Mvcall j NeivbiDyport ' 

Richard Bartlet J 

This petition was read in the house of representatives on the 
twentieth day of June following, but no definite action was 
taken at that date,^ and no further attempt to obtain reimburse- 
ment has been discovered. 

^ Newburyport Town Records, vol. II., pp. 51-53. 

- House of Representatives (Journal), vol. XIII., p. 114. 



CHAPTER XVI. 

PRIVATEERS IN THE REVOLUTIONARY WAR. 

Jeremiah O'Brien was captain of the sloop Unity when 
she attacked and captured the English armed cutter Marga- 
retta in the harbor of Machias, Me., June 12, 1775. Two 
weeks later, the following resolution was passed by the provin- 
cial congress, then in session at Watertown : — 

Resolved, That the thanks of this Congress be, and they are hereby 
given to Capt. Jeremiah O'Brien and Capt. Benjamin Foster, and the 
other brave men under their command, for their courage and good con 
duct in taking one of the tenders belonging to our enemies and two sloops 
belonging to Ichabod Jones, and for preventing the ministerial troops being 
supplied with lumber ; and that the said tender, sloops, their appurtenances 
and cargoes remain in the hands of the said Captains O'Brien and P'oster 
and the men under their command, for them to use and improve, as they 
shall think most for their and the public advantage, until the further 
order of this, or some future Congress, or house of representatives ; and 
that the Committee of Safety for the western parish of Pownalborough, be 
ordered to convey the prisoners taken by the said O'Brien and Foster 
from Pownalborough jail to the Committee of Safety or correspondence 
for the town of Brunswick ; and the committee for Brunswick to con- 
vey them to some committee in the county of York, and so to be con- 
veyed, from county to county, till they arrive at this congress.' 

In the columns of the Essex Journal and Merrimack Pack- 
et, a newspaper published in Newburyport, the following no- 
tice appeared on the eleventh day of August : — 

Last Tuesday Capt. O'Bryan passed through this Town with seven 
officers and Ichabod Jones, a well known enemy to this Country, who 
were taken prisoners from three or four of the Enemy's vessels at Ma- 
chias ; and the day following seventeen men more from the same place, 
all on their way to Head-quarters. 

On the twenty-first day of August, the General Court voted 

1 Massachusetts Archives, vol. CXXXVIIL, p. 172; and printed journals of the 
provincial congress, p. 399. 

612 



PRIVATEERS IN THE REVOLUTIONARY WAR 



613 



to appoint officers and enlist men to navigate the vessels fitted 
out at Machias for the defence of the sea coast/ and two days 
later passed an order to pay " Capt. Jeremiah O'Brien, com- 
mander of the armed schooner Diligent & of the sloop Machias 
Liberty, now in the harbor of Machias " the sum of one hun- 
dred and sixty pounds and supply the vessel with men and 
ammunition; " for all of which and the captures he shall make 
he [Capt. O'Brien] is to account with this Court. "- 

On the first day of November, the General Court passed 
" An. act for encouraging the fixing out of armed vessels to 
defend the sea coast of America, and for erecting a court to 
try and condemn all vessels that shall be found infesting the 
same,"-* and on the twenty-fifth a special committee appointed 
by congress made the following recommendation which was 
accepted and adopted : — 

. . . that no master or commander of any vessel shall be entitled to 
cruise for or make prize of any vessel or cargo before he shall have ob- 
tained a commission from the Congress, or from such person or persons as 
shall be for that purpose appointed in some one of the United Colonies. -1 

Privateers were probably fitted out in Newbury port previous 
to the twenty-fifth day of November, as the following item 
published in a Salem newspaper seems to indicate : — 

Last Saturday a Privateer, belonging to Newbury Port, carried into 
Portsmouth a schooner of '45 tons loaded with potatoes and turnips in- 
tended for the enem}- in Boston. 5 

In December, the sloop Game Cock, twenty tons burthen, 
and the schooner Washington, fifty tons burthen, were equipped 
for service as privateers. The owners of these vesssls wrote 
to Benjamin Greenleaf, a member of the General Court, then 
in session at Watertown, as follows : — 

1 Massachusetts Archives (Court Records), vol. XXXIII., pp. 135 and 136; and 
vol. CCVI., pp. 277-280. 

^ Massachusetts Archives (Court Records), vol. XXXIII., p. 153; and preced- 
ing chapter, pp. 569-571. 

■^ Province Laws, vol. V., ch. vii., pp. 436-441. This act was repealed 
February 14, 1776, and a new one passed, providing for the more effectual fitting 
out of armed vessels. (Province Laws, vol. \ ., pp. 462-468). 

^ American Archives, fourth series, vol. III., p. 1927. 

" Essex Gazette, November 24-30, 1775. 



6 1 4 HI ST OR Y OF NE IV B UR YPOR T 

Newburvport, Dec. 8, 1775. 
Honoured Sir : 

We are engaged in fixing out Captain Peter Roberts, the bearer, in a 
small sloop, for a privateer, and have to ask the favour of you to assist 
him in procuring a commission for that purpose as we are all pretty much 
engaged in privateers, powder vessels, recruits &c and cannot, with any 
convenience come down. If you will stand in with Captain Roberts as a 
bondsman we hereby engage to stand between you and harm, as though 
our names were down instead of yours in the bond. 
We are, sir, respectfully your very obedient servants. 

Jonathan Titcomb Moses Little 
Tristram Dalton Stephen & Ralph Cross. 
Jackson, Tracy & Tracy. 
P. S. The sloop Game Cock, burden about twenty tons. 
To B. Greenleaf.i 

Newburyport, Uec. 8, 1775. 
Sir ; 

The needful of this is to beg the favour you will assist the bearer, 
Captain Offin Boardman, in getting a commission for the schooner 
Washington as we have fitted her for a privateer. In case you would 
be bondsman for Captain Boardman we will, at all events, indemnify you. 
Your compliance with this request will lay us under the strongest obli- 
gations to you. 

We are, with respect, your most humble servants, 

Thomas Jones Nathan Blodget 
John Stickney Abner Greenleaf 
Joseph Marquand. 
To the Honorable Benjamin Greenleaf, Esq. 

Commissions were "Tanted to Capt. Peter Roberts and Capt. 
Offin Boardman at a meeting- of the council held on the eleventh 
day of December following". - 

On the fifteenth day of January, 1776, the brig Sukey was 
brought into Newburyport, taken, it is said, b)' the privateer 
Washington, Capt. Offin Boardman, master, and the same day 
the ship Friends was captured by a crew of seventeen men, in 
three whale boats, under the command of Captain Boardman. 
The ship was discovered in the offing, fl\'ing English colors, 
evidently uncertain what course to steer. Joseph Stan wood, 
John Coombs, Gideon Woodwell, Enoch Hale, Johnson Lunt, 

' American Archives, fourth serie-^, vol. IV., p. 1220. 



PRIVATEERS IN THE REVOLUTIONARY WAR 615 




CAPT. OFFIN BOARDMAN. 



Cutting Lunt and others, whose names have not been ascer- 
tained, conckided that she had lost her bearings and had mis- 
taken Ipswich bay for Boston harbor. Assisted by Captain 
Boardman they procured three whale boats, and taking advan- 
tage of the out-going tide they soon crossed the bar and came 
within speaking distance of the ship. In answer to the en- 
cjuiry, " Where are you from and where bound T' came back the 
prompt reply " From London bound to Boston." " Do you 
want a pilot } " asked Captain Boardman. Receiving an af- 
firmative reply, he offered to serve in that capacity, and was 
soon standing on the ship's quarter-deck engaged in conversa- 
tion with the English captain. 

Meanwhile the boat's crew, armed with boarduig-pikes and 
pistols, quietly ascended the ship's gangway and suddenly as- 



6 1 6 HIS TOR Y OF NE VVB UR \ 'FOR T 

sumed a threatening attitude, whereupon Captain Boardman 
taking command of the ship ordered her colors to be struck. 
His orders were obeyed and a few hours later the ship was safe- 
ly moored at one of the wharves in Nevvburyport.' The next 
day Jonathan Jackson wrote to the colonial authorities at 
Watertown, as follows : — 

Newbury Port, January i6, 1776. 

To the President of the Honorable Covuicil of the Colony of the Mas- 
sachusetts Bay. 

Sni: Yesterday forenoon appeared in our Bay a brig and a ship which 
were suspected to be enemy's vessels. These vessels were soon taken and 
brought safe into the river. The ship was from London eleven weeks since 
and is named Tlic Friends, Arcliibald Bowie, master, burden about two 
hundred tons, laden with coals, porter, pickled cabbage, vinegar, live 
hogs, (S;c. for Government service. The ship was to enter Boston, as 
a transport. The brig was from Cork, about ten weeks since, and is 
named the Sukcy, Mandatt Eiigs, master, burden about ninety tons, lad- 
en with beef, pork, butter, hams, tongues, potatoes &c and owned by Lewis 
Grey of Boston. Both these vessels were bound to Boston. There were 
two passengers in the brig, viz : Lieutenant Hill of Earl Percy's regiment- 
and Mr. John Gray, son of Harrison Gray, Esq. We thought it best to 
forward the two masters and these two passengers to the honourable 
Council to dispose of them as they may think fit, and to make what in- 
Cjuiries they may choose. . . . 

In behalf of the Committee of Safety for this town I am, sir, your very 
obedient servant. 

Jonathan Jackson.3 

' History of Newbury (Coffin), pp. 251 and 252; History of Newburypoit 
(Mrs. E. Vale Smith), pp. 107 and 108. 

■■2 Then in Boston. 

■• American Archives, fourth series, vol. I\'., p. 792; and Massachusetts Ar- 
chives, vol. CXCIV., pp. 202 and 203. 

The cargo of the brigantine Sukey, from Ireland, consisted of 

29 Tierces of best Beef 1 Tierce of best Pork 
18 Barrels ditto 9 Half Barrels ditto 
31 Half Barrels ditto 11 Barrels ditto 

150 Firkins of Butter 8 Puncheons of Oats 

72 Casks ditto 8 Firkins of Lard 

64 Firkins of Tongues 19 Kegs of Tripe 

I Barrel ditto 2 Casks of Peas 

10 Half Barrels ditto 109 Hampers of Potatoes 

and 10 Puncheons of Claret Wine 

The cargo of the ship Friends, from London, consisted of 

52 Chaldron of Coals 20 Hogsheads of X'inegar 

86 Butts of Porter 16 ditto -Sour Krout 

30 Hogsheads ditto 23 Live Hogs 
" for the use of the ministerial army at Boston." 

(Essex Journal and Merrimack Packet, January 19, 1776, in Boston Athenajum.) 



PR I VA TEEKS IN THE RE VOL I ' TIONAR Y WAR 6 1 7 

Four days later, Lieutenant Hill and his servant were sent 
to General Washington, at Cambridge, by order of the council, 
as stated in the following letter : — 

Watertowx, 2otii Jany 1776. 
Sut:— 

The Council upon Examination of several persons who were sent here 
by the Committee of Safety of Newburyport & were taken on board a 
ship from London & a Brig from Cork, both bound to Boston, find that 
one of the passengers in the latter is a Lieutenant in the 3rd Regiment 
(Earl Percy's) now in Boston, They have therefore ordered the sd 
Lieutenant Hill with his Servant to be sent to y Excellency to be dis- 
posed of as you may think proper. 

In the name & by orch of the Committee 

W. Sever. 

His Excellency Gex^ Washington ' 

Captains Bowie and Engs were returned to the committee 
of safety in Newburyport with the following instructions : — 

Council Chamber, Jany 20, 1776. 
Gentlemen, 

We have sent to your care Archibald Bowie and Madatt Engs 
masters of the two vessels lately taken and carried into Newburyport and 
you are requested to see that the above mentioned persons do not go 
without the limits of sd Town and if you see cause therefor you are de- 
sired to confine sdpersons or either of them "till the further order of the 
Council. 

In the name & by Ordr of the Council 

W. Sever, President. 

The Committee of Safety, Newi?urvport.^ 

John Gray of Boston, who was accused of corresponding 
with the enemies of his country, was ordered, by the council, 
to be kept in close confinement in the jail on King, now 
Federal, street, Newburyport. ^ In order to secure his release, 
James Otis, one of the prominent leaders of the revolutionary 
period, wrote as follows " to the Honorable Council at Bos- 
ton." 

1 Massachusetts Archives, vol. CXCIV., p. 224. 
' Massachusetts Archives, vol." CXCIV., p. 223, 
^ Massachusetts Archives, vol. CLXIV., p. 242. 



6 1 8 HIS TOR y OF NE WB UR YPOR T 

Barnstable, Febr 3d 1776. 
Gentlemen, 

At the Earnest Solicitation of ni}- Daughter in Law the wife of my 
son Samuel Alyn Otis, I have Presumed to write a Line to your Honours 
in Behalf of her Brother, John Gray, who we hear is contrned to New- 
bury Gaol. How far he was concerned in the affair so as to be confined 
in a Gaol you that have had the examination of that matter are certainly 
the Best judges. I would just hint to your honours that as he is a minor 
and must be supposed altogether under the Direction of others whether 
in case sufficient Bondsmen should appear in his Behalf that he shall not 
go into Boston in such a time as you shall sett, nor supply our enemies nor 
correspond with them, whether he may not be confined to some Town in the 
countv until the Court shall otherwise order. But I must leave the matter 
with your Honours Discretion hoping I shall be excused, Considering mv 
Caution in giving these hints, and gent"' your most obedient & Humb'.t 
Servt 

JAME.S Otis ■ 

This letter evidently had the desired effect, lor on the eii;"hth 
day of February the coimcil ordered the remo\al of John 
Gray from Newbiiryport to Barnstable, provided that Samuel 
Allyne Otis, with sufficient sureties, gave a bond for one thous- 
and pounds " that the said Jno Gray shall not pass without 
the limits of the said town of Barnstable or correspond with 
the Enemies of America or supply them with Provision of any 
kind."- 

How long Capt. Archibald Bowie was detained in Newbury- 
port is uncertain. The following letters indicate that he was 
anxious to return to England and that he was granted permis- 
sion to go there in a vessel sailing from some other port than 
Boston. 

Newhurv Port, Stii Feb. 1776. 
Gentle.men, 

I beg leave to represent to you that I am the person that commanded 
the ship Friends, taken and brought into this Port, and being well in- 
formed that the masters of the vessels taken by the Continental Armed 
Vessels has got Liberty from Geni AVashington to return to Great Brit- 
tain in the best manner they can, also their private property has been 
given to them and that their liberty is more extended than j-ou have 
thought proper to allow me. 

' Massachusetts Archives, vol. CXCIV., p. 239. 
- Massachusetts Archives, vol. CXCIV., p. 240. 



PRIVATEERS IN THE REVOLUTIONARY WAR 619 

Presuming that I am in no shape more culpable than any of these 
masters I am in hopes you will be pleased to allow me the same Indul- 
gence as has been granted to them by his Excellency Genl Washington, 
I am your obdt & most humble seryant 

Ach"^ Bowie. 
I beg leaye to solicit the Letters Inclosed may be permitted to pass to 
Boston. 

To the Honbl the Council at Watertown.' 

Council Chamber, Feb. 20, 1776. 
Gext : 

Capt. Archd Bowie (who was lately taken in the ship Friends and 
bro't into y port) in a Letter addressed to the Council has requested 
that his priyate property taken in the ship may be restored unto him and 
that he may be suffered to return to Great Britain. To the latter re- 
quest there is no objection provided he can get there in any suitable way, 
but he is by no means to go into Boston, nor travel through the country 
with a view to procure a passage, or on any other pretence, which you are 
desired to prevent. The Council declined passing any order respecting 
his property as Courts are erected for the purpose of trying & determin- 
ing such captures. 

Capt Bowie may be informed that the letters he inclosed have been 
dH to Genl Washington in order to be sent to Boston and he will doubt- 
less cause them to be sent the first convenient oppy 

In ye name & by order of ye Council 

B. Greeleaf. 

Committee of Safety at Newburyport.- 

April 3, 1776, a series of resolutions relating to the grant- 
ing of commissions for private sliips of war and letters of 
marque and reprisal were adopted by the continental congress, 
requiring captains and owners of vessels to give bonds to ob- 
serve certain rules and regulations in regard to the capture 
of British ships and cargoes, and providing for the sending 
•out of blank commissions "to the General Assemblies, Coun- 
cilors or Committees of Safety in the United Colonies " to be 
filled out and delivered to persons entitled to receive them.^ 
Several months later, the following order was adopted by the 
governor and council of the colony of Massachusetts Bay : — 

1 Massachusetts Archives, vol. CLXIV., p. 264. 

2 Massachusetts Archives, vol. CLXIV., p. 263. 

3 Massachusetts Archives, vol. CXXXVIIL, pp. 307 and 308 ; and American 
Archives, fourth series, vol. V., pp. 1657 and 165S. 



6 2 o HIS TOR Y OF NE WB UK YPOR T 

[August 22, 1776] Ordered that the Resolves of the Honbie Congress 
of the 31'd of April last Respecting persons applying for Commissions or 
Letters of Marque & Reprisal be published in the several Newspapers in 
this state that all persons fitting out such vessells may know how to make 
application for their commissions." 

February 25, 1776, a brig' under the command of Capt. 
Daniel Lunt of Newburyport, was captured "about two 
leagues distant from Cape Ann" by the English sloop-of-war 
Lively. Captain Lunt was taken to Boston and confined on 
board an East India merchantman in the harbor. He escaped 
on the night of March twentieth, and subsequently published 
an account of his capture and the treatment that he received 
while a prisoner. The committee of correspondence in New- 
buryport accepted his statements as reliable and annexed to 
the account the following certificate : — • 

In Committee of Correspondence, Inspection and Safety 

Newhukvport April ig, 1776. 
Voted That the several Printers on the Continent be and hereby are 
desired to publish the foregoing Narrative of Capt. Daniel Lunt. And 
we do hereby certify that the said Captain Lunt was born and brought 
up among us, and is esteemed a man of truth and we think full credit 
may be paid to said narrative. 

By order of the Committee 

Jonathan Titcomb, Cliainnaii.- 

The privateer Yankee Hero was probably launched early 
in the spring of 1776. A commission granted Capt. James 
Tracy reads as follows : — 

Colony of the Massachusetts Bay. 

The major part of the Council of the Massachusetts Bay in New Eng- 
land to Ja. Tracey, Gentleman, greeting : 

Whereas James Tracey, Jonathan Jackson, Nathaniel Tracey, John 
Tracey and Joseph Lee, Merchants, have at their own expense, fixed out 
and equipped, for the defence of America, a vessel called the Yankee 
Hero, burthen about one hundred and twenty tons, and have recom- 
mended you as a suitable person to be commander thereof : We have 
thought fit to commission you for the purpose aforesaid, and do accord- 

1 Massachusetts Archives, vol. CLXV., p, 142. 

^ American Archives, fourth setie>, vol. V., pp. 759 and 760. 



PRIVA TEERS IN THE RE VOL UTIONAR V WAR 6 2 i 

ingly, by these presents give you, the said James Tracey, full power, with 
such other persons as you shall engage to your assistance, to sail in the 
said vessel on the seas, attack, take and bring into any port in this Col- 
ony all armed and other vessels which shall be found making unlawful in- 
vasions, attacks or depredations on the sea-coasts or navigation of any 
part of America, or improved in supplying the fleet and army, which 
have been or shall at any time be, employed against the United Colonies, 
or employed by the enemies of America in any respect whatsoever ; and 
also all vessels whose masters or supercargoes shall have had designs of 
carrying supplies of any kind to the enemy, or that shall be returning 
from the enemy after having carried such supplies, that such proceedings 
may be had thereon as are required by a law of this Colony entitled " An 
act for encouraging the fixing out of armed vessels to defend the sea 
coast of America, and for erecting a Court to try and Condemn all ves- 
sels that shall be found infesting the same." And you are hereby direct- 
ed in all your proceedings to govern yourself by the said act. 

Given under our hands, and the seal of the said Colony, atWatertovvn, 
the 2oth day of February, in the sixteenth year of the reign of his Ma- 
jesty King George the Third. 

By their Honours command. 

Perez Morton, Deputy Secretary. 

Signed : — B. Greenleaf, W. Spooner, Caleb Gushing, T. Gushing, John 
Wetcomb, Jedediah Foster, Eldad Taylor, B. Lincoln, Michael Farley, 
J. Palmer, Moses Gill, Jabez Fisher, B. White, S. Holton, and John 
Taylor.' 

May 7, 1776, the brig Yankee Hero, Capt. James Tracy 
master, carrying twelve carriage guns and six swivels, sailed 
from Newburyport for Boston, with twenty-six men, including 
officers, intending to take the rest of her crew at the last named 
port.^ Flying a flag, occai*ionally displayed on the sea coast 
of New England, with a white field and a pine tree in the 
centre, she fell in with the English frigate Milford, carrying 
twenty-eight guns, on the afternoon of that day, and after a 
desperate fight was compelled to surrender. Four of her 
crev^ were killed and thirteen wounded, including Captain 
Tracy who was struck in the thigh by a cannon ball. The 
wounded officers and men were sent to Halifax ; twelve able- 

' American Archives, fourth series, vol. VI., p. 748. 

* The brig Yankee Hero was evidently captured May 7, 1776, as stated by 
Nathaniel Tracy in his petition to the General Court, printed on the next page, 
but some writers have erroneously given the seventh day of June, 1776, as the 
correct date. 



622 HIS TOR Y OF NE WB UR YPOR T 

bodied seamen were transferred to the Milford ; the second 
lieutenant, Robert Tracy, and others uninjured were taken in 
the brig Yankee Hero to the lower harbor in Boston, where 
several English ships-of-war were waiting reinforcements/ 

On the tenth day of June, the following petition was pre- 
sented " to the hon'ble Council of the Colony of Massachusetts 
Bay." 

Nathaniel Tracy of Newburyport in the County of Essex, merchant, 
lately one of the owners of the Yankee Hero Privateer [humbly shews] 
that on the seventh day of May instant the said Privateer was unfortu- 
nately engaged with a ship of Force belonging to the enemy & after an 
engagement of more than two Hours Length she was taken & carried 
into Boston Harbour. 

Your Petitioner has Reason to believe that the Hon'ble Major General 
Ward, if your Honours shall see tit to recommend the measure to him, 
would send a Flag to the Commander of the Enemy's Fleet & propose 
an Exchange of Prisoners taken by some of the Vessells of this Col- 
ony for the brave men who were taken in said Privateer. An Inter- 
position of this kind your Petitioner humbly conceives would not only 
relieve a number of our Friends who deserve well of the Community & 
have repeatedly exerted themselves in its Defence, but be an encourage- 
ment to others more freely to engage in the same service when they may 
be assured that in Case of their misfortunes they will not be neglected, 
and as in Duty bound will ever pray. 

Nat^Tracy.2 

In answer to this petition the following notice was sent to 
the commander-in-chief of the Continental Army at Cambridge. 

In Council, June lo, 1776. 

It having been represented to this Board that the Brig called the Yan- 
kee Hero lately belonging to Nathi Tracy Esq. & others has been taken 
by the enemy & carried into Boston Harbor by which a number of our 
friends who deserve well of the Community & have repeatedly exerted 
themselves in its defence, are made prisoners. It is therefore recommended 
to his Honor Genl Ward to propose to the Commander of the enemy's fleet 
in said Harbour an exchange of the same number of prisoners now in our 
hands for ye men taken- in said Yankee Hero. 

In the name & by order of the Council. 

Caleb Cushixg, PresiP? 

' American Archives, fourth series, vol. VL, p. 746. 
^ Massachusetts Archives, vol. CLXIV., p. 389. 



PR I VA TERRS IN THE RE I 'O/. [ 'TIONAR Y WAR 623 




NATHANIEL TRACY. 



On the eighteenth day of July, the following letter, prepared 
by a committee appointed by the council, was ordered to be 
sent to General Washington : — 



Sir : Messrs Jackson, Tracy <& Tracy, Merchants of Newbur\port, 
are very solicitous to procure the Release of the officers & men of their 
late Privateer (Yankee Hero) which was taken after a brave & manly 
Resistance by the Milford Frigate ; they are now in the hands of our 
Enemies. We take leave to recommend their case to y Excellnys Con- 
sideration not doubting but you will attend to every application made to 
you on their behalf by the Gentlemen above named and afford every rea- 
sonable assistance to accomplish their benevolent puipose ; and if they 
shod be happy enough to affect it, it will give us a particular pleasure, as 
those men by their past Conduct merit our regard & sho"d they be ob- 
tained may be greatly serviceable in the American Navy.' 

^ Massachusetts Archives, vol. CLX\'., p. 122. 



624 



HI ST OR Y OF NE WB UR YPOR T 



Nearly two months later, General Washington, who had 
superseded General Ward in command of the army at Cam- 
bridge, wrote Hon. Benjamin Greenleaf of Newburyport as 
follows : — 

1 have the pleasure to inform you there is a prospect of an early ex- 
change of the prisoners taken in the Yankee Hero privateer. As Mr. 
Tracy negotiated this matter and had an interview with Lord Howe on 
board the Eagle, man of war, I must refer you to him for particulars.' 

Arrangements for the exchange of prisoners were probably 
completed in the month of September or October following. 
In a petition to the General Court, dated April 15, 1777, 
and signed by Jackson, Tracy & Tracy, is the following 
statement : — 

Your petitioners have met with heavy losses by the 
enemy the past year more especially in an armed 
Brig, the Yankee Hero, wch was the first vessel of 
such Force that cruised on our Enemies & was sent 
out at a Time when many Persons (some of which have 
since made their Fortunes by privateering) supposed 
the owners were more likely to meet with an Halter 
than any good success for their exertions against the 
enemies of America.- 

A silver teaspoon, with the figure of the 
privateer Yankee Hero, in bas-relief, on the 

1 American Archives, fifth series, vol. I., p. 727. 

'^ Massachusetts Archives, vol. CCXIII., pp. 325 and 326. 

Nathaniel Tracy died in 1796. In a memorial presented 
to congress ten years after his death it was claimed, that from 
the beginning of the Revolutionary war until peace was 
declared in 1783, he was the principal owner of one hundred 
and ten merchant vessels which with their cargoes were 
valued at $2,733,300 in specie. Twenty-three of these 
vessels were letters of marque, carrying two hundred and 
seventy-eight guns and sixteen hundred and eighteen men. 
All but thirteen, out of a total of one hundred and ten, were 
lost or captured. He was also principal owner of twenty- 
four cruising ships, six thousand three hundred and thirty 
tons register, carrying three hundred and forty guns and 
twenty-eight hundred men. These ships captured during the 
war one hundred and twenty vessels, carrying two thousand, 
two hundred and twenty-five men. The vessels with their 
cargoes were sold for $3,950,000. From this sum Mr. Tracy 
contributed $167,219 for supplies furnished the army and 
merchandise imported for the colonial government. (New- 
buryport Herald, December 4, 1832.) 



PRIVATEERS IN THE REVOLUTIONARY WAR 625 

convex surface of the bowl of the spoon, was manufactured 
and sold by an enterprising- silversmith soon after the close 
of the Revolutionary war. Two of these spoons with the 
initials of the manufacturer, " G. T.," stamped on the handle 
were in the possession of one family in Boston for several 
generations.' They are somewhat worn, but have the figure 
of a vessel with the name " Yankey Hero " on them as shown 
in the half-tone print on the opposite page. A third spoon was 
found in Boston twenty-five or thirty years ago by workmen 
engaged in laying the foundation of a new building on land 
where the old Sun tavern formerly stood. 

In 1777, a twenty-gun ship, called the Hero, was built in 
Newburyport for Capt. James Tracy. She was launched on 
the second day of June and sailed for Cape Ann on the 
twenty-third day of July. She went ashore on the bar but 
was hauled off during the night, and proceeded on her voyage.^ 
In August, the following petition was presented to the presi- 
dent of the council at the state house in Boston : — 

To the Honbie Council of the State of Massachusetts Bay. 

Humbly shews James Tracy Commander of the armed Privateer Hero 
that he is now in this Harbour ready for Sea but the naval officer refuses 
to give him a Pass without a certificate from the treasurer which must 
be founded on Bonds given by the major Part of the owners who are not 
here. Your Petitioner conceives that since the Repeal of the Embargo 
Bill no such Bonds are necessary & if requisite he concludes they must 
have been given by his owners at Newburyport from where he was fitted 
out & has passed the Fort there & at Marblehead & is only in this Port 
as an Harbour. He prays your Honours would be pleased to direct the 
Naval officer to give him such a Pass as will enable him forthwith to 
proceed to sea & as in Duty bound will ever pray 

Robert Tracy. 

Boston, Aug. 21, 1777. in behalf of Capt. James Tracy. 

In Council Augt 21, 1777 Read & Ordered that the Naval Officer be 
and hereby is directed to permit the above mentioned ship to pass the 
Forts & proceed to Sea. Jno Avery, Dv Sec'J 3 

' These spoons are now in the possession of Mrs. A. F. A. King of Washing- 
ton, D. C. 

- Diary of Samuel Horton now in the possession of Mr. Eben Bradbury, New- 
buryport. 

3 Massachusetts Archives, vol. CLXVII., p. 176, 



626 HIS TORY OF NE WB UR YPOR T 

It is supposed that the privateer Hero was lost in a heavy 
storm soon after she left Boston. Her officers and crew were 
never heard from." 

May 28, 1776, the Ranger, a snow carrying fourteen guns, 
Capt. Patrick Dennis, master, brought into Newburyport two 
ships loaded with military stores and clothing, including eleven 
thousand pair of shoes, for the British troops in Boston. The 
next day, the frigate Belleisle, from St. Maloes, arrived with 
ninety barrels of gunpowder, a few heavy guns with carriages 
and a great number of bombs and shells for the use of the 
provincial army.'' 

Tuesday [June 4, 1776] arrived safe in Newburyport a sloop from 
Tortola and a schooner from Barbadoes prizes taken by Captain O'Brien 
in one of the Colony's cruisers.3 

The schooner Hawk, Capt. John Lee, was fitted out as a 
privateer August 13, 1776. She captured the ship Nancy, 
two hundred tons burthen, Capt. John Cowan, master, bound 
from Cork to Quebec, and sent her into Newburyport, where 
she arrived October 24, 1776, with a cargo of provisions and mil- 
itary stores, consisting of eighty barrels of beef, three hundred 
and twenty barrels of pork, two hundred firkins of butter, one 
hundred barrels of oatmeal, three hundred and seventy-four 
barrels of flour, twelve hundred bushels of peas, sixty-eight 
thousand pounds of bread, two hundred and seven casks of 
nails, twenty-two barrels and two half-barrels of gunpowder, 
one arm chest with balls, sixteen carriage guns and ten swivels.'* 
Captain Lee subsequently captured several other valuable 
prizes and sent them into port, but took two captains and a 
few men with him, in the Hawk, to Bilboa, Spain. There the 
vessel was detained for several weeks by complications arising 
from the claim that her commission was fraudulently issued 
by a government not recognized in the courts of Europe. 5 

1 History of Newburyport (Mrs. E. \'ale Smith), j). 106. 
'^ American Archives, fourth series, vol. VI., p. 629. 
■' American Archives, fourth series, vol. VI., p. 800. 
■• American Archives, fifth series, vol. II., p. 1245. 
^ American Archives, fifth series, vol. II., p. 1 09 1. 



PRIVATEERS IN THE REVOLUTIOXARY WAR 



627 



The arrival of priv^ateers in Nevvburyport, with vahiable 
prizes, during the summer and autumn of 1776 was promptly 
reported by the committee of correspondence and safety to the 
colonial authorities at the state house in Boston. 

Newburvport, August 16, 1776. 
Yesterday Captain Wingate Newman arrived in the privateer 
named the Hancock from Philadelphia. She brought in a prize (which 
i.s now safely anchored before this town), the ship Nancy, from Antigua, 
Captain Keys, bound to London, having on board about four hundred 
hogsheads of sugar, ninety of rum, and a few casks of Maderia wine. A 
lady and several gentlemen were passengers in the above ship. He like- 
wise brought in with him the sloop Industry, Capt. William Hazen, 
bound to St. John's in Nova Scotia, in ballast.' 

The brigantine Georgia Diana, Peter Rigan, master, cap- 
tured by the privateer Washington, arrived in Newburyport 
September fifteenth with two hundred and fifty hogsheads of 
rum and sugar and about twenty chaldrons of coal. The 
privateer arrived on the twenty-seventh with another prize 
loaded with provisions and a few cannon.'' 

The construction of barracks and other buildings for the 
use of the army in New York and New Jersey was seriously 
delayed by the scarcity of nails suitable for that work, and the 
General Court of the province of Massachusetts Bay ordered, 
October 25, 1776, that a prize vessel then in Newburyport, 
not lawfully condemned by the maritime court, " be so far 
unloaded as to take out of her such a quantity of nails as will 
be sufficient to answer the present urgent call from General 
Schuyler."^ 

October 10, 1776, a commission was granted by the hon- 
orable council of the province of Massachusetts Bay for the 
privateer brigantine Dalton, one hundred and sixty tons bur- 
then, Tristram Dalton and Stephen Hooper, owners, armed 
with four six, fourteen four, and four two-pound carriage guns 
and twenty swivels and carrying a crew of one hundred and 
twenty men all told, Eleazer Johnson, captain, Anthony Knap, 

1 American Archives, fifth serie.s, vol. I., p. 990. 

' American Archives, fifth series, vol. II., pp. 346 and 576. 

■^ American Archives, fifth series, vol. III., p. 411. 



628 HI ST OR V OF NE WB UR YPOR T 

first lieutenant, John Buntin, second lieutenant, and Daniel 
Lunt, master.' 

The Dalton sailed from Newburyport on the fifteenth day 
of November, and was captured December 24, 1776, by the 
English ship-of-war Reasonable, carrying sixty-four guns. 
Her officers and men were taken to Plymouth, England, and 
confined in Mill prison. The trials and hardships they 
endured are described in detail in the diary of Charles Herbert, 
published in 1854,^ and in the diary of Samuel Cutler, 
published in 1878.^ They suffered for lack of nourishing 
food and warm clothing. Many of them attempted to escape. 
A few evaded the vigilance of the guards ; others were 
detected and placed in irons or confined in a dark dungeon 
for thirty days. 

Mill Prison was a massive stone building in the centre of an extensive 
court. The court was surrounded by a high wall, and twenty feet be- 
yond there was another wall, parallel to the first, completely surround- 
ing it. The only apertures in these walls were a gate in each, the inner 
one being formed with massive iron bars eight feet high. The outer 
gate during the day usually was left open so as to allow free communica- 
tion between the keepers and their dweUings which were placed just out- 
side the outer wall. Between eight o'clock in the morning and sunset 
the prisoners were allowed the privilege of the inner court, but at night 
they were securely locked in the prison house. Many sentinels were sta- 
tioned among the prisoners in the inner court and in the prison itself, 
besides the regular patrols in the two encircling walls and at the 
gates.4 

The following-named persons were on board the privateer 
Dalton when she was captured. Many of them were released 
in 1779 and sailed on the memorable cruise with John Paul 
Jones in the Bon Homme Richard. 

' American Archives, fifth series, vol. III., p. 380. 

2 The Prisoners of 1776; A Relic of the Revolution by Rev. R. Livesey. 

3 New England Historical and Genealogical Register, vol. XXXII., pp. 48, 
184 and 305. 

* History of American Privateers (Edgar S. Maclay), p. 152. 



PRIVATEERS IN THE REVOLUTIONARY WAR 



629 



Capt. Eleazer Johnston ' 

I St Lieut. Anthony Knapp ' 

2nd Lieutenant. John Buntin 

Daniel Lunt ■ 

Alexander Ross ' 

Offin Boardman ■ 

Moses Cross 

Thomas Cluston ' 

Cutting Lunt ^ 

Wym'd Bradbury 

Henry Lunt - 

Samuel Cutler ' 

Francis Little 

Joseph Auslier ' 

Joseph Brewster ^ 

Nathaniel Wyer ■ 

John Knowlton s 

Joseph Racklief 

William Shackford 3 

John Key ■ 

John Barrenger • 

Stickney 

Joseph Poor 3 



Nathaniel Warner 
Josiah George ' 
Moses Merrill 
Jacob True ^ 
John George 
Richard Lunt 3 
Ebenezer Brown 3 
Paul Noyes 3 
Joseph Plummer 3 
Reuben Tucker 
John Smith 3 
Charles Herbert 3 
Joseph Choate 3 
Thomas Bayley ^ 
Nathaniel Bayley ^ 
Benjamin Carr 3 
Samuel Woodbridge 
Henry Smith 
Ebenezer Edwards 3 
Jonathan Whitmore 4 
Edward Spooner 4 
Daniel Cottle 5 
Ebenezer Hunts 



The brigantine Vengeance, Capt. Wingate Newman, 
between three and four hundred tons burthen, mounting 
twenty guns was fitted out as a privateer in Newburyport. 
She sailed from Cape Ann August 16, 1778, and in Septem- 
ber captured several valuable prizes and sent them into port. 
Dr. Samuel Nye, surgeon on board the Vengeance, in his 
diary, published nearly a century ago, gave an account of the 
capture, September seventeenth, of the packet ship Harriot, 
sixteen guns, Sampson Sprague, commander, bound from 
Falmouth, England, to New York, and on the twenty-first the 
packet Eagle, Capt. S. Spencer, twelve guns, bound from New 
York to Falmouth, England, with considerable specie and sev- 



' Escaped. 

2 Sailed with Paul Jones. 

^ Sailed in the Alliance. 

* Shipped on English man-of-war. 

* Died. 



630 HIS TORY OF NE IV B URYPORT 

eral English ofificers on board.' The capture of these mail 
packets was announced in the London Chronicle for October 
22-24, 1778, as follows : — 

Accounts are just received at the Post Office that the Harriot packet 
boat (Cape Sprague) with the mail of September for New York was at- 
tacked and taken on the 1 8th of September in lat 490 long 220 by the 
Vengeance, American privateer, carrying 20 six pounders. One man was 
killed and five wounded on board the Harriot. 

Intelligence is likewise received that the Eagle, packet boat (Capt. S. 
Spencer) from New York for Falmouth was taken on the 21st of Septem- 
ber in lat 5io26Mong 190 27 ' by the same privateer. Col. Howard How- 
ard, a passenger, and one more, was killed on board the Eagle and six 
men wounded. The crews of the above packets were put on shore at 
Corunna and the packets were sent to Newburj^port in North America. 
The mails with the letters were thrown overboard. - 

At a later date, the packet Lord Hyde was captured by an 
American privateer and sent into Newburyport. She was 
of about two hundred tons burthen, a very fast sailer, and 
carried eighteen gtms. She was sold at auction at Tracy's 
wharf, Thursday, April 5, 1781, "with all her guns and 
appurtenances."^ 

The capture of these packets interrupted the line of com- 
munication between the English government and the English 
army in America and cheered and encouraged the patriotic 
citizens of the province of Massachusetts Bay. That three 
swift-sailing vessels, bearing government dispatches, army 
officers and funds for the payment of troops, should be taken 
after a sharp contest and brought into Newburyport is, to say 
the least, a noteworthy circumstance that has not received 
the attention it deserves. 

Moses Brown, captain of the ship General Arnold, two 
hundred and fifty tons burthen, owned by Nathaniel Tracy 
and others, was granted a commission April 16, 1778, "to 
cruise against the enemies of the United States."'* 

' NewburyportTieraid,'May 4, 1827; and History of Newburyport (Mrs. E. 
Vale Smith), p. 117. 

^ Pennsylvania Magazine of History and Biography, vol. XIV., p. 93. 

3 Independent Chronicle (Boston), March 29, 1781 (Boston Athenaeum). 

" Massachusetts Archives, vol. CLXVIII., p. 263; also, Revolutionary Records, 
vol. v., p. 316. 



i 



PRIVATEERS IiV THE REVOLUTIONARY WAR 631 

This ship, previously engaged in the merchant service, was 
fitted out with heavy guns and ammunition and sailed from 
Newburyport early in the month of May following. Captain 
Brown, in a manuscript journal now in the possession of Hon. 
Moses Brown, giving an account of this cruise, says : " The 
first gun that was fired burst and killed or wounded all my 
officers ; returned to Newburyport again, proved my guns, and 
burst four more of them ; got new ones and sailed again in 
August ; cruised three months and took a brig, which was re- 
taken, and returned in November." 

In February, 1779, Captain Brown sailed on his third 
cruise in the General Arnold. He had several desperate 
engagements with English ships and captured several prizes. 
Thomas Greele, sailing master of the General Arnold, wrote 
in his diary as follows : — 

March 28tii Sunday at 6 A. M. St Michaels bore S. S. E. distant nine or 
ten miles. Saw a sail under St. Michaels which gave us chase. At ten 
she came up with us and proved to be the British ship Gregson, a Liver- 
pool privateer, mounting twenty twelve pounders and one hundred and 
eighty men. After an action of two hours and fifteen minutes, she 
sheared off and made sail ; but we could not come up with her as our 
spars, rigging and sails were much cut up ; her loss unknown but from 
appearances it must have been deplorable indeed.' 

. . . April 4th took the ship William, Capt. John Gregory, from Gib- 
raltar, bound to New York ; put Mr. Samuel Robinson on board as prize 
master. . . April igtli anchored in Corunna, in Spain, refitting till 
May 19th ; at 9 A. M. sailed from Corunna. May 20th Cape Finisterre 
S. W. eight leagues; at 6 A. M. saw a sail and gave chase; came up 
with her at 8 A. M. She proved to be the ship Nanny of Liverpool, 
Thomas Be3'non, master, mounting sixteen six pounders. After an 
action of an hour she struck but having many shot between wind 
and water, she soon after sunk ; we having our fore yard cut away and the 
main mast and rigging much damaged. May 271'! put Captain Beynon and 
two other prisoners onboard a Spanish brig bound for Cadiz. May 30th 
took the brig Despatch from Antigua for Oporto. Sent her to Corunna, 
Samuel Burbank, prize master. June i^t took a snow laden with fish 

' Sketches of Distinguished Men by Col. Samuel Swett (pamphlet, 1846), p. 
13 ; also, History of Newburyport (Mrs, E. Vale Smith), pp. ill and 1 13. 

Joseph Brown, son of Captain Brown, says in regard to the escape of the Greg- 
son that an English newspaper reported " that she had a battle with a rebel 
frigate of thirty-two guns and beat her off," losing eighteen men, including her 
first lieutenant, and wounding several others. 



632 HIS TOR y OF NE WB UR } TOR T 

from Newfoundland, for Oporto, called the George, Willicot, master. June 
4th was captured by His Britannic Majesty's ship, Experiment, fifty guns. 
Sir James Wallace, commander. So ends our cruise. 

Thomas Gheele, sailing master." 

Captain Beynon in a letter dated Cadiz, June 2, 1779, wrote 
as follows to the owners of the ship Nanny : — 

The following are the particulars of an engagement we had with the 
General Arnold, Captain Moses Brown, of eighteen six pounders and 
one hundred men on the 20th of May off Cape Finisterre. Saw a ship in 
chase of us, and being resolved to know her weight of metal before I 
gave up your property I prepared to make the best defence I could. 
Between 8 and 9 o'clock he came along side with American colors, and 
three fire pots out, one on each fore yard arm and one at his jib boom 
end. Hailed and told me to haul down my colors. I desired him to 
begin and blaze away for I was determined to know his force before I 
gave up to him. The battle began and lasted two hours, our ships being 
close together, having only room to keep clear of each other. Our guns 
told well on both sides ; we were soon left destitute of rigging and sails. 
As I engaged under top sails and jib, and we were shattered below and 
aloft, I got the Nanny before the wind, and fought an hour that way, one 
pump going, till we had seven feet of water in the hold. I thought it 
then almost time to give up the battle, as our ship was a long time in re- 
covering her sallies, and began to be water logged. We were so close 
that I told him I had struck and hauled down my colors. 

The privateer [General Arnold] was in a shattered condition ; his fore 
yard shot away in the shngs and lying on her fore castle and a piece out 
of his main mast, so that he could make no sail until it w^as fixed : all his 
running rigging entirely gone, and a great part of his shrouds and back 
stays. None of his sails escaped except his main sail. By the time we 
were out of the Nanny, the water was up to her lower deck. When 
Captain Brown heard the number of men I had he asked me what I 
meant by engaging him so long. I told him I was then his prisoner and 
hoped he would not call me to account for what I had done before the 
colors were hauled down. He said he approved of all I had done and 
treated my officers and myself like gentlemen and my people as his own. 

There was then a fleet in sight and three ships in chase of the priva- 
teer. She was so much disabled, a frigate soon came up with her which 
proved to be a French convoy of sixty-eight sail, under eight sail of the 
line, besides frigates outward bound, steering about s. w. I had only 
two men wounded with splinters. The cook, I believe, was drowned as 
he never came on board the privateer. Nothing was saved but the en- 

' From manuscript journal in the possession of Hon. Moses Brown, Newburyport, 



PRIVATEERS IN THE REVOLUTIONARY WAR 633 

sign and that full of holes ; for we received sixty dozen musket cartridges 
from their marines by their own account, besides some from their tops. 
The privateer had six men wounded and is the same that fought the 
Gregson of Liverpool. I was put on board a Spanish brig and arrived at 
Cadiz on the 2nd of June. Thomas Bevxox.' 

After the capture of the General Arnold, in June, 1779, by 
the English frigate Experiment, Captain Brown was taken to 
Madeira and afterwards to Savannah, Georgia, where he was 
confined in a prison ship. He was released in November, and 
in 1780 made a voyage in the brig Mercury to Amsterdam, 
and afterwards to Cape Francois, returning to Newburyport in 
January, 1781. In the month of February followmg, he was 
captain of the ship Minerva, two hundred and twenty tons 
burthen, owned by Nathaniel and John Tracy, and was grant- 
ed a commission, signed by Samuel Huntington, president of 
the congress of the United States of America, to attack and 
capture, by force of arms, ships belonging to the crown of 
Great Britain or to any of the subjects thereof. This 
commission is now in the possession of Hon. Moses Brown of 
Newburyport. 

The Minerva was a letter of marque, mounting sixteen car- 
riage guns and navigated by sixty men. Captain Brown says, 
in his manuscript journal, that he sailed in the Minerva, in June, 
for Amsterdam, and completed the voyage in four and one-half 
months, arriving in Newburyport in November, 1 78 1 . He then 
took command of the ship Intrepid, mounting twenty guns, 
and sailed in July, 1782, for L'Orient, France, returning with 
a cargo of dry goods to Baltimore in December. In April, 
1783, while a treaty of peace was being negotiated with the 
king of England, Captain Brown sailed from Baltimore for 
Havanna in the Intrepid and sold the ship upon his arrival 
there.- 

May 1 7, 1 779, a commission " to cruise against the enemies of 

1 Sketches of Distinguished Men (Col. Samuel Swett), p. 14; History of New- 
buryport (Mrs, E. Vale Smith), pp. 112 and 113; and Moses Brown, Captain, U. 
S. N. (Maclay), pp. 89-91. 

■■' During the French war, in 1798, Captain Brown had command of the sloop- 
of-war Merrimac, built in Newburyport for the United States government. See 
chapter III., pp. 109-114; also, Moses Brown, Captain, U. S. N., by Edgar S. 
Maclay, pp. 123-136. 



634 til^ TOR V OF NE IV B UR YPOR T 

the United States " was granted the owners of the schooner Hi- 
bernia, seventy tons burthen, John O'Brien, captain, and WilUam 
O'Brien, Ueutenant.' She made several successful cruises and 
captured a number of ships, brigs and schooners, which she sent 
into port.^ The following summer, while she was undergoing 
repairs, the president of the council in Boston ordered the naval 
officer at Newburyport to clear the " Brigantine Hibernia " 
and permit her to proceed on her cruise, " any embargo to the 
contrary notwithstanding.'"-^ 

September 8, 1 780, the ship Hannibal, two hundred and fifty 
tons burthen, carrying twenty guns and one hundred and 
thirty men, Jeremiah O'Brien, master, was fitted out in New- 
buryport for a privateer.^ She was subsequently captured and 
taken into New York by two English frigates. 5 

Writers on maritime affairs make no distinction between 
privateers and letters of marque, but there was evidently a 
difference in their equipment and in the purposes for which 
they were fitted out. Pri\'ateers were heavily armed and 
frequently carried a crew of a hundred or a hundred and fifty 
men. They sailed under a commission " to cruise against 
the enemies of the I'nited States " and seldom entered a for- 
eign port. Letters of marque were usually larger vessels 
bound to Europe or the West Indies with full cargoes of mer- 
chandise. They cleared for certain definite ports and were 
authorized to defend themselves, if attacked, on the outward or 
homeward voyage, and capture, if possible, ships flying the 
English flag. 

Vessels were commissioned " letters of marque " or "priva- 
teers," in answer to petitions stating where, and for what pur- 
pose, they were fitted out. These petitions plainly indicate 
that the commissions granted were not essentially or identical- 
ly the same. Some of these petitions now on file at the state 
hcnise in Boston are as follows : — 

1 Massachusetts Archives, vol. CLXX., p. 115; and vol. CXXXIX., p. 249. 
' History of American Privateers (Maclay), p. 62. 
^ Massachusetts Archives, vol. CLXXVI., p, 600. 
■* Massachusetts Archives, vol. CLXXI., p. 269. 
^ History of American Privateers (Maclay), p. 61. 



PRIVATEERS -IN THE REVOLUTIONARY WAR 635 

To the Honbie the Council 

The Board of War having fitted out the Sloop Republic, Allen Hallet, 
master, navigated with ten hands for the West Indies, mounting two 4 
pound Cannon & ten swivel guns & apprehending it may be of service if 
the master be furnished with a Commission for a Letter of Marque do 
desire a Commission for him as such. 

By order of the Board, 

Sam^ Phii's Sava{;e, President. 
War Office, Jan. 15, 1777. 

In Council, Jan. 16, 1777. 
Read & ordered. That a Commission be issued out to Allen Hallet 
Comdr of the above mentioned sloop, he complying with the Resolves of 
Congress.' 

To the Hon'ble Council of Mass. Bay. 

The Petition of Joseph Laughton in behalf of John Tracy Humbly 
sheweth That he has fitted for sea the Brig Charming Nancy burthened 
about 120 tons, mounting eight carriage guns, & navigated by 20 men 
having on board Provisions & Ammunition sufiicient for a Letter of 
Marcjue bound to Bilboa. 

Your petitioner humble prays your Honors to Commission William 
Farris as Commander of said Brig for the aforesaid puipose, and as in 
duty bound will pray. 

Joseph Laughton, 

Boston, Nov. 23, 1779. for the Concem'd 

In Council Nov. 23, 1779. 
Read & Ordered that WiUiam Farris be commissioned as Commander 
of said ship, he complying with the Resolves of Congress. 

John Avery, Dp. Sec.^ 
Commonwealth of Masses 
To His Excellency the Govi". and Hon'ble Council of the Commonwealth 
of Massts. 
The Petition of Moses Brown & Jona Miliken owners of the Ship 
Beaver, and Caleb Tappan and Joseph Tappan Owners of the Ship Cato 
and Moses Little and Ebenezer Little owners of the Sloop Gen' Wads- 
worth and John Pettingal, and Anthony Davenport owners of the Brigt 
Hazard all of Newbury Port — Humbly Sheweth 

That your Petitioners have fitted out the Ship Beaver burthened one 
hundred and fifty Tons mounting Six Carriage Guns & Navegated by 
twenty Men — having on Board as Provisions Sixteen Bis of Pork & Beef 
& Eighteen hundred W. of Bread — as ammunition one hundred W. of 
Powder & Shot in Proportion as also the Ship Cato burthened two hun- 

1 Massachusetts Archives, vol. CLXVI., p. 195. 
"^ Massachusetts Archives, vol. CLXXL, p. 29. 



636 mS TOR y OF NE WB UR YPOR T 

dred Tons mounting ten Carriage Guns & navegatd by forty men — hav- 
ing on Board as Provisions twenty-five Bis of Beef and Pork and three 
thousand W. of Bread — as ammunition two hundred W. of Powder & Shot 
in Proportion as also the Sloop General Wadsworth burthened One hun- 
dred and ten Tons mounting twelve Carriage Guns and navigated by 
Eighty men — having on Board as Provisions thirty Bis of Beef & Pork 
and Six thousand W. of Bread — as ammunition One thousand W. of 
Powder and Shot in Proportion — as also the Brigt Hazard burthened 
Eighty Six Tons, mounting Six Carriage Guns and navigated by fourteen 
men — having on Board as Provisions ten Bis of Beef and Pork and fif- 
teen hundred W. of Bread — as ammunition one hundred VV. of Powder 
and Shot in Proportion — Said Ships Cato, & Beaver & Brigt. Hazard are 
intended as Letters of Marque and the Sloop Gen' Wadsworth to Cruise 
against the Enemies of these United States — Your Petitioners therefore 
humbly request your Excelky and Honors to Commission William Russell 
as Commander of the Ship Beaver, Benjamin Lunt as Commander of the 
Ship Cato, Paul Reed as Comander of the Sloop Geni Wadsworth and 
Enoch Coffin as Commander of the Brigt Hazard for the purpose above 
mentioned and as in Duty bound will ever pray &c 

John Mussev 
Boston, Feby 5, 1781. In Behalf of the Above Mentioned Oners 

In Council Feby 5, 1781. Advised that the Several Commanders 
above mentioned be Commissioned, they complying with the Resolves 
of Congress. John Avery, Sec."^ 

To his Excellency the Governor & Hon'ble Council of the Common- 
wealth of Massts 

The Petition of Nathaniel & John Tracy of Newbury Port Humbly 
Sheweth 

That your Petitioners have fitted out the Ship called the Grand Mon- 
arch burthened two hundred Tons mounting Eighteen Six pounders and 
navigated by one hundred and twenty men, having on Board Sixty Bbls 
of Beef & Pork and Eight thousand wet Bread — As Ammunition two 
Tons of Powder and Shot in Proportion — As also the Brigt called the 
Sea Flower burthened Sixty Tons, mounting six three pounders and nav- 
igated by sixteen men, — having on Board as Provisions ten Bis of Beef 
& Pork and one thousand W. of Bread. As Ammunition one hundred 
W. of Powder & Shot in Proportion. Said Ship is intended to Cruise 
against the Enemies of these United States & Said Brigt as a Letter of 
Marque. 

Your Petitioners therefore humbly request your Excellency & Honors 
to Commission John Lee as Commander of said ship and William 

' Massachusetts Archives, vol. CLXXL, p. 339. 



PRIVATEERS IN THE REVOLUTIONARY WAR 



637 



Wilcomb as Commander of said Brig for the purpose above mentioned 
and as in duty bound will ever pray &c 

Joseph Read 
Boston, July 27, i 781. In behalf of Nathl & John Tracy. 

In Council July 27, 1781. Ordered that John Lee & William Wil- 
comb be commissioned as Commanders of said vessels they complying 
with the Resolves of Congress. John Avery, Secv ' 

(J. Lee 5.4 inchesstature black, swathy complexion 40 yrs. age.) 

A partial list of the privateers and letters of marque 
fitted out in Newburyport during the Revolutionary war is 
as follows : — 



NAME, SIZE AND 
CLASS OF VESSELS. 

Sloop Game Cock 
20 tons burthen 
Privateer^ 



Sch. Washington 
50 tons burthen 
Privateer3 



Sch. Washington4 
50 tons burthen 
Privateer-* 

Sch. Washington 
50 tons burthen 
Privateer4 

Sch. Washington 
50 tons burthen 
Privateer*^ 



OWNERS 
OF VESSELS. 



CAPTAINS AND 
DATES OF COMMISSIONS. 



Jonathan Titcomb 
Moses Little 
Tristram Dalton 
Stephen & Ralph Cross 
Jackson, Tracy & Tracy 

Thomas Jones 
Nathan Blodgett 
John Stickney 
Abner Greenleaf 
Joseph Marquand 

John Stickney 
Thomas Jones 
Joseph Marquand 

John Stickney 
Thomas Jones 
Joseph Marquand 

John Stickney 
Thomas Jones 
Joseph Marquand 



Peter Roberts 
December 11, i 775 



Offin Boardman 
December 11, 1775 



Nathaniel Odiorne 
August 6, I 776 

Joseph Row 
October 10, i 776 

Joseph Stockman 
April 22, I 777 



1 Massachusetts Archives, vol. CLXXL, p. 436. 
' American Archives, fourth series, vol. IV., p. 1229. 

^ When a vessel changed owners or was placed in charge of a new captain, 
the old commission was surrendered and a new one taken out. 
* Massachusetts Archives, vol. CLXV., p. 26. 
' Massachusetts Archives, vol. CLXV., p. 332. 
" Massachusetts Archives, vol. CLXVI., p. 361. 



638 



HISTOR V OF NE WB UR YPOR T 



NAME, SIZE AND 
CLASS OF VESSELS. 

Sch. Washington 

50 tons burthen 

Privateer ' 
Sch. Washington 

50 tons burthen 

Privateer ^ 
Brig Yankee Hero 

120 tons burthen 

Privateer 3 



Sch. Hawke 

70 tons burthen 

Privateer 4 
Sch. Hawke 

75 tons burthen 

Privateer 5 
Sch. Hawke 

80 tons burthen 

Privateer '■ 

Brign Civil Usage 
90 tons burthen 
Privateer 7 



Brign Civil Usage 

90 tons burthen 

Privateer^ 
Sch. Independence 

50 tons burthen 

Privateer y 



OWNERS 
OF VESSELS. 



CAPTAINS AND 
DATES OF COMMISSIONS. 



[Owners names not William Preston 
given] September 6, i 777 



Joseph Marquand 
Thomas Jones 
John Stickney 
James Tracy 
Jonathan Jackson 
Nathaniel Tracy 
John Tracy 
Joseph Lee 

Jackson, Tracy & 
Tracy 

Jackson, Tracy & 
Tracy 

Jonathan Jackson 
Nathaniel Tracy 
John Tracy 
Jonathan Jackson 
Nathaniel Tracy 
John Tracy 
Thomas Thomas 
John Coffin Jones 
John Tracy 
and others 

Stephen Hooper 
Samuel Batchelder 
William Nicolls 



1 Massachusetts Archives, vol. CLXVII., p. 201. 
- Massachusetts Archives, vol. CLXVII., p. 6. 
^ American Archives, fourth series, vol. VL, p. 748 
'' Massachusetts Archives, vol. CLXV., p. 45. 
•' Massachusetts Archives, vol. CLXVIL, p. 321. 
* Massachusetts Archives, vol. CLXIX., p. 315. 
' Massachusetts Archives, vol. CLXV., p. 244; 
series, vol. IL, p. 779- 

^ Massachusetts Archives, vol. CLXVIIL, p. 235 
'^ Massachusetts Archives, vol. CLXV., p. 275. 



Thomas Clough 
June 3, 1777 

James Tracy 
February 20, i 776 



John Lee 
August 13, I 776 

Jeremiah Hebbart 
June 18, 1777 



John Calef 
November 13, 1 778 

Andrew Giddings 
September 19, 1776 



John Smith 
March 28, 1778 

William Nicolls 
September 28, 1776. 



and American Archives, fifth 



PRIVATEERS IN THE REVOLUTIONARY WAR 



639 



NAME, SIZE AND 
CLASS OF VESSELS. 

Brig" Independence 
50 tons burthen 
Privateer ■ 

Brig" Dalton 

160 tons burthen 
Privateer ^ 

Sloop Satisfaction 
90 tons burthen 
Privateer -^ 

Brig" Bilboa Packet 
75 tons burthen 
Letter of marque 4 

Brig" Fancy 

100 tons burthen 
Privateer 5 

Sch. Gloriosa 
65 tons burthen 
Privateer ^> 

Sloop Betsey 
80 tons burthen 
Letter of marque 7 

Sloop Betsey 

100 tons burthen 
Letter of marque ^ 

Brig" Pallas 

120 tons burthen 
Privateer 9 



OWNERS 
OF VESSELS. 

Tristram Dalton 
Stephen Hooper 
Samuel Bachelor 
WiUiam Nicolls 

Tristram Dalton 
Stephen Hooper 

Tristram Dalton 
Joseph Russell 
and others 

Stephen Hooper 
John Cotifin Jones 

Jackson, Tracy & 
Tracy 

Joseph Laugh ton 

of Boston 
John Tracy 

of Newburyport 

Tristram Dalton 
and others 

Tristram Dalton 
and others 



William Erskine 
John Tracy 



CAPTAINS AND 
DATES OF COMMISSIONS, 

William Johnson 
November 25, i 777 



Eleazer Johnson 
October 7, 1776 

John Stevens 
November 4, 1776 

William Main 
November 22, 1776 

John Lee 
May 20, 1777 

Daniel Parsons 
September 17, 1777 



Enoch Cofifin 
October 10, 1777 

Benjamin Lurvey 
February i, 1781 

James Johnson 
November 11, 1777 



' Massachusetts Archives, vol. CLXVUI., p. 2. 
'^ Massachusetts Archives, vol. CLXV., p. 334. 
^ Massachusetts Archives, vol. CLXVL, p. 15; 
series, vol. IIL, p. 445. 

■* Massachusetts Archives, vol. CLXVL, 60. 
^ Massachusetts Archives, vol. CLXVL, p. 417. 
'' Massachusetts Archives, vol. CLXVIL, p. 236. 
' Massachusetts Archives, vol. CLXVIL, p. 331. 
* Massachusetts Archives, vol. CLXXL, p. 336. 
'^ Massachusetts Archives, vol. CLXVIIL, p. 35. 



and American Archives, fifth 



640 



HISTOR V OF NE WB UR YPOR T 



NAME, SIZE AND 
CLASS OF VESSELS. 

Brig Pallas 

140 tons burthen 
Letter of marque ' 

Brig Wexford 
180 tons burthen 
Privateer^ 

Sch. Hornet 
50 tons burthen 
Privateer 3 

Sch. Hornet 
45 tons burthen 
Privateer 4 

Ship General Arnold 
250 tons burthen 
Privateer 5 

Brig Phenix 

120 tons burthen 
Privateer ^ 

Sch. Success 
70 tons burthen 
Privateer 7 

Brige Hope 

1 10 tons burthen 
Privateer ^ 

Ship (name not given) 
150 tons burthen 
Letter of marque 9 



OWNERS 
OF VESSELS. 

John Tracy 
and others 



Nathaniel Tracy 
and others 



John Tracy 
and others 



John Tracy 
and others 



Nathaniel Tracy 
and others 



Nathaniel Tracy 
and others 



Nathaniel Tracy 
and others 



John Tracy 
and others 



Stephen Cross 
Ralph Cross 
Moses Little 



CAPTAINS AND 
DATES OF COMMISSIONS. 

Hector McNeil 
May 22, 1780 

John Fletcher 
January 2, i 778 

Nathaniel Bentley 
January 23, 1 778 

William Springer 
September 15, 1778 

Moses Brown 
April 16, I 778 

James Babson 
September i, 1778 

Philip Trask 
September 2, 1778 

William Friend 
September 16, 1 778 

Benjamin Hill 
December 28, i 778 



I 



1 Massachusetts Archives, vol. CLXXL, p. 164. 

2 Massachusetts Archives, vol. CLXVIIL, p. 127. 

3 Massachusetts Archives, vol. CLXVIIL, p. 156. 

* Massachusetts Archives, vol. CLXIX., p. 161. 

* Massachusetts Archives, vol. CLXVIIL, p. 263. 

* Massachusetts Archives, vol. CLXIX., p. 129. 
' Massachusetts Archives, vol. CLXIX., p. 137. 

* Massachusetts Archives, vol. CLXIX., p. 162. 

''Massachusetts Archives, vol. CLXIX., p. 385. "Bound to the West 
Indies," This was probably the ship Behemus, commissioned as a letter of marque 
August 7, 1779. See Massachusetts Archives (Armed Vessels), Bonds, vol. V., 
P- 95- 



PRIVATEERS IN THE REVOLUTIONARY WAR 



641 



NAME, SIZE AND 
CLASS OF VESSELS. 

Brigf Thorn 
92 tons burthen 
Privateer ■ 

Brige Thorn 
96 tons burthen 
Letter of marque ^ 

Brige Thorn 

100 tons burthen 
Letter of marque 3 

Brigt Defiance 
1 50 tons burthen 
Letter of marque 4 

Brige Betsej' 

140 tons burtheji 
Letter of marque 5 

Brige Adventure 
1 20 tons burthen 
Letter of marque '^ 

Sch. Marquis de 
La Fayette 
80 tons burthen 
Letter of marque 7 

Brig Marquis de 
La Fayette 
80 toiis burthen 
Letter of marque ^ 

Brig Virgin 

I 30 tons burthen 
Letter of marque 9 



OWNERS 
OF VESSELS. 

Ebenezer Parsons 
VViUiam Coombs 



Daniel Sargent 
WiUiam Coombs 
and others 

Ebenezer Parsons 
and others 



Nathaniel Tracy 
and others 



John Tracy 
and others 



Caleb Tappan 
and others 



Thomas Thomas 
and others 



Thomas Thomas 
and others 



Lee & Jones 
Joseph Marquand 



CAPTAINS AND 
DATES OF COMMISSIONS. 

John Coombs 
October 22, i 77S 

Moses Hale 

August 20, 1779 

William Russel 
December 7, i 779 

Jonathan Parsons 
January 4, 1779 

Nathaniel Bently 
January i, i 779 

John O'Brien 
January 5, i 779 

Seth Thomas 
January 21,1 779 



Seth Thomas 
January 11, i 78 1 . 



Green Pearson 
January 28, 1779 



' Massachusetts 
^ Massachusetts 
■^ Massachusetts 
'' Massachusetts 
" Massachusetts 
•• Massachusetts 
' Massachusetts 
^ Massachusetts 
* Massachusetts 



Archives, vol. 
Archives, vol. 
Archives, vol. 
Archives, vol. 
Archives, vol. 
Archives, vol. 
Archives, vol. 
Archives, vol. 
Archives, vol. 



CLXIX., p. 245. 
CLXX., p. 344. 
CLXXL, p. 41. 
CLXIX., p. 400. 
CLXIX., p. 397. 
CLXIX., p. 405. 
CLXIX., p. 417. 
CLXXL, p. 329. 
CLXIX., p. 425. 



642 



HI ST OR Y OF NE WB UR YPOR T 



NAME, SIZE AND 
CLASS OF VESSELS. 

Brige Gates 

120 tons burthen 
Letter of marque ' 

vShip Monmouth 
200 tons burthen 
Privateer - 

Ship Monmouth 
250 tons burthen 
Privateer ^ 

Sch. Peacock 
63 tons burthen 
Letter of marque 4 

Sch. Peacock 
60 tons burthen 
Letter of marque s 

Ship Unity 

150 tons burthen 
Letter of marque ^ 

Sch. Shark 

40 tons burthen 
Privateer 7 

Sch. Shark 

40 tons burthen 
Privateer ** 

Sch. Hibeniia 
70 tons burthen 
Privateer 9 

Sch. Friendship 
60 tons burthen 
Letter of marque ^° 

^ Massachusetts Archives, 
'^ Massachusetts Archives, 
^ Massachusetts Archives, 
'* Massachusetts Archives, 
" Massachusetts Archives, 
® Massachusetts Archives, 
' Massachusetts Archives, 
" Massachusetts Archives, 
^ Massachusetts Archives, 
'" Massachusetts Archives, 



OWNERS 
OF VF,SSELS. 

Robert Hooper 
and others 



Joseph Marquand 
and others 



John Coffin Jones 
and others 

Daniel Sargent 
Eben Parsons 
Wilham Coombs 

Daniel Sargent 
and others 



Lee & Jones 
JosephJMarquand 
Samuel Batchelder 

Thomas Thomas 
Samuel Batchelder 
and others 

Thomas Thomas 
and others 



CAPTAINS AND 
DATES OF COMMISSIONS. 

Philip Morrett 
Januar}- 30, i 779 

Thomas Collver 
February 9, i 779 

Alexander Ross 
June 28, 1779 

William Parsons 
February 9, 1 779 

Sargent Smith 
September 22, 178c 

Jeremiah Pearson 
March 19, 1779 

William Preston 
May 3, 1779 

Nathaniel Bentley 
October 19, 1779 



Benjamin Jepson John O'Brien 

and others of Boston May 17, 1779 



Nathaniel Tracy 
and others 



Edward Wigglesworth 
June 3, 1779 



vol. CLXIX., p. 427. 

vol. CLXIX., p. 434. 

vol. CLXX., p. 189. 

vol. CLXIX., p. 436. 

vol. CLXX., p. 279. 

vol. CLXX., p. 26. 

vol. CLXX., p. 77. 

vol. CLXX., p. 438. 

vol. CLXX., p. IIS; and vol, CXXXIX., p. 249. 

vol. CLXX,, p. 151, 



PRIVATEERS IN THE REVOLUTIONARY WAR 



643 



NAME, SIZE AND 
CLASS OF VESSELS. 

Ship Sky Rocket 
1 70 tons burthen 
Privateer ■ 

Ship Vengeance 
350 tons burthen 
Privateer ^ 

Sch. Wasp 

60 tons burthen 
Privateer ' 

Sch. Wasp 

60 tons burthen 
Privateer 4 

Sch. Wasp 

60 tons burthen 
Privateers 

Sch. Wasp 

50 tons burthen 
Privateer ^ 

Ship Fanny 

1 80 tons burthen 
Letter of marque 7 

Ship Behemus 
140 tons burthen 
Letter of marque 7 

Brige Tom 

120 tons burthen 
Letter of marque *> 

Brige Jupiter 

100 tons burthen 
Letter of marque 9 



OWNERS 
OF VESSELS. 

Joseph Stanwood 
and others 



Nathaniel Tracy 
and others 



Ebenezer Parsons 
and others 

Ebenezer Parsons 
and others 

Ebenezer Parsons 
and others 



Daniel Sargent 
and others 



Moses Little 
Joseph Moulton 
and others 

Moses Little 
Joseph Moulton 
and others 

John Tracy 
and others 



Jonathan Titcomb 
Peter Roberts 
and others 



CAPTAINS AND 
DATES OF COMMISSIONS. 

William Burke 
June 9, 1776 

Thomas Thomas 
June 30, 1779 

John Somes 
May 7, 1779 

Isaac Somes 
August 8, 1 779 

Nathaniel Sargent 
October 7, i 779 

Enoch Pike 
September 22, i 780 

Jonathan Jewett 
August 7, I 779 

Samuel Bailey 
August 7, 1779 

John Lee 
Ocober i, 1779 

Peter Roberts 
November 20, 1 779 



' Massachusetts 
"^ Massachusetts 
•• Massachusetts 
■• Massachusetts 
^ Massachusetts 
^ Massachusetts 
' Massachusetts 
^ Massachusetts 
' Massachusetts 



Archives, vol. 
Archives, vol. 
Archives, vol. 
Archives, vol. 
Archives, vol. 
Archives, vol. 
Archives, vol. 
Archives, vol. 
Archives, vol. 



CLXX., p. 160. 
CLXX., p. 193. 
CLXX., p. 84. 
CLXX., p. 298. 
CLXX., p. 417. 
CLXXL, p. 279. 
CLXX., p. 308. 
CLXX., p. 4i4i. 
CLXXL, p. 29. 



644 



HIS TOR V OF NE WB UR YFOR T 



NAME, SIZE AND 
CLASS OF VESSELS. 

Brige Charming 
Nancy 

1 20 tons burthen 

Letter of marque ' 
Ship Thorn 

200 tons burthen 

Privateer ^ 
Brig Julius Ceasar 

60 tons burthen 

Privateer ^ 
Ship Hannibal 

250 tons burthen 

Privateer 4 
Ship][Retaliation 

2ooItons burthen 

Letter of marque 5 

Brige Massachusetts 
1 30 tons burthen 
Letter of marque ^ 

Ship Thorn 

320 tons burthen 
Letter of marque / 

Brige Delight 

120 tons burthen 
Letter of marque ^ 

Brige Delight 
120 tons burthen 
Letter of marque 9 

Ship Beacon 

I 50 tons burthen 
Letter of marque ■" 



OWNERS 
OF VESSELS. 

Joseph Laughton 
John Tracy 



Nathaniel Tracy 
Joseph Lee 

and others 
Wingate Newman 

&Co. 

John O'Brien 
and others 

Stephen Cross 
Ralph Cross 

Nathaniel Tracy 
John Tracy 

John Tracy 
and others 

Ebenezer Parsons 
and others 

William Parsons 
and others 

Moses Brown 
Jonathan Miliken 



1 Massachusetts 
- Massachusetts 
■^ Massachusetts 
'' Massachusetts 
" Massachusetts 
^ Massachusetts 
'^Massachusetts 
' Massachusetts 
' Massachusetts 
1*^ Massachusetts 



Archives, vol. 
Archives, vol. 
Archives, vol. 
Archives, vol. 
Archives, vol. 
Archives, vol. 
Archives, vol. 
Archives, vol. 
Archives, [|vol. 
Archives, vol, 



CLXXL, 
CLXXL, 
CLXXL, 
CLXXL. 
CLXXL, 
CLXXL, 
CLXXL, 
CLXXL, 
CLXXL, 
CLXXL, 



29. 

124. 

158. 

269. 

300. 

310. 

330. 

325- 

459. 

339- 



CAPTAINS AND 
DATES OF COMMISSIONS. 

William Farris 
November 23, i 779 



Richard Lowell 
April 5, 1780. 

Nathaniel Bently 
May 1 1, 1780 

Jeremiah O'Brien 
September 8, i 780 

Joseph Goodhue 
November 7, i 780. 

John Calef 
November 29, i 780. 

Samuel Tucker 
January 11, 1781 

Moses Hale 
January 6, 1781 

Nathaniel Sargent 
August 18, 1 781 

William Russel 
February 5, 1781 



PRIVATEERS IN THE REVOLUTIOXARY WAR 



645 



NAME, SIZE AND 
CLASS OF VESSELS. 

Ship Cato 

200 tons burthen 
Letter of marque ' 

Sloop General 
Wadsworth 
1 10 tons burthen 
Privateer ' 

Brige Hazard 
86 tons burden 
Letter of marque ■ 

Ship Minerva 
220 tons burthen 
Letter of marque ' 

Sch. Fortune 
30 tons burthen 
Privateer 3 

Ship Pilgrim 

200 tons burthen 
Privateer 4 



Ship Essex 

200 tons burthen 
Privateer 4 



Brige Little Porga 
100 tons burthen 
Privateer 5 

Brige Mercury 

100 tons burthen 
Letter of marque ' 



OWNERS 
OF VESSELS. 

Caleb Toppan 
Joseph Toppan 

Moses Litde 
Ebenezer Little 



John Pettingell 
Anthony Davenport 

Nathaniel Tracy 
John Tracy 



Tristram Dalton 
and others 



Jonathan Jackson 
Joseph Lee 
John Cabot 
Anderson Cabot 

Jonathan Jackson 
Joseph Lee 
John Cabot 
Anderson Cabot 

Tristram Dalton 
and others 



Nathaniel Tracy 
John Tracy 



CAPTAINS AND 
DATES OF COMMISSIONS. 

Benjamin Lunt 
February 5, i 7S1 

Paul Reed 
February 5, 1781 



Enoch Coffin 
February 5, 1781 

Moses Brown 
February 24, i 781 



Joshua Burgess 
March 20, 1 781 



Joseph Robinson 
April 14, 1781 



John Cathcart 
April 14, 1 781 



William Armstrong 
April 30, I 781 



William P'arris 
June 26, 1 781 



1 Massachusetts Archives, vol. CLXXL, p. 339. 

2 Commission in the possession of Hon. Moses Brown, Newhuryport. 

3 Massachusetts Archives, vol. CLXXL, p. 352. 

* Massachusetts Archives, vol. CLXXL, p. 369. 
'" Massachusetts Archives, vol. CLXXL, p. 380. 

* Massachusetts Archives, vol. CLXXL, p. 417. 



646 



HISTOR V OF NE IV B UK YPOR T 



NAME, SIZE AND 
CLASS OF VESSELS. 

Ship William 

200 tons burthen 
Letter of marque ' 

Ship Lyon 

250 tons burthen 
Privateer - 

Ship Grand 
Monarch 
200 tons burthen 
Privateers 

Brige Sea P^lovver 

60 tons 

Letter of marque ' 
Brige Ruby 

94 tons burthen 

Letter of marque 4 

Ship Cato 

270 tons burthen 
Letter of marque 5 

Ship Elizabeth 
350 tons burthen 
Letter of marque ^ 

Brige Revenge 
130 tons burthen 
Letter of marque ^ 

Ship Diamond 
160 tons burthen 
Letter of marque ^ 

Ship Antelope 
100 tons burthen 
Letter of marque 9 

^ Massachusetts Archives, 
•^ Massachusetts Archives, 
^ Massachusetts Archives, 
■• Massachusetts Archives, 
•' Massachusetts Archives, 
" Massachusetts Archives, 
" Massachusetts Archives, 
^ Massachusetts Archives, 
^ Massachusttts Archives, 



OWNERS 
OF VESSELS. 

Nathaniel Tracy 
John Tracy 

Joseph Marquand 
and others 

Nathaniel Tracv 
John Tracy 



Nathaniel Tracy 
John Tracy 

John Babson 
and others 

William Lee 
and others 



Nathaniel Tracy 
and others 



Joseph Marquand 
and others 



John Babson 
and others 

Tristram Dalton 
and others 



vol. CLXXL, p. 417. 
vol. CLXXL, p. 431. 
vol. CLXXL, p. 436. 
vol. CLXXL, p. 449. 
vol. CLXXIL, p. 60. 
vol. CLXXIL, p. 76. 
vol. CLXXIL, p. 83. 
vol. CLXXIL, p. 89. 
vol. CLXXIL, p. 96. 



CAPTAINS AND 
DATES OF COMMLSSiONS. 

Joseph Rowe 
June 26, I 781 

Wingate Newman 
July 14, i7<Si 

John Lee 
July 27, 17S1 



WMlliam Wilcomb 
July 27, 1781 

Solomon Babson 
August 19, I 781 

John Tittle 
November 15, 1781 

Nathaniel Cutting 
December i, i 781 

Nathan Poor 
December 14, i 781 

Zebulon Babson 
December 29, i 781 

Edward Fettyplace 
February 6, 1 782. 



PRIVATEERS IN THE REVOLUTIONARY WAR 647 

Schooners Ranger, Lee and Fly, brigantines Betsey and 
Stork, and many other vessels were probably granted commis- 
sions as letters of marque or privateers in addition to the ves- 
sels named in the above list, but no evidence of the fact has 
been discovered, except the following-described ^onds on file 
at the state house in Boston, one signed September 25, 1776, 
by Peter Roberts, master of the schooner Ranger, owned by 
Jonathan Titcomb, Tristram Dalton, Thomas Thomas and 
Ebenezer Parsons ;' one signed November 27, 1776, by Nathan- 
iel Odiorne, master of the schooner Lee, owned by Joseph 
Marquand, John Coffin Jones and others ;- one signed January 
I, 1779, by Nathaniel Bently, master of the brigantine Betsey, 
owned by John Tracy and others ;^ one signed July 6, 1779, by 
Nathaniel Bently, master of the schooner Ply, owned by Sam- 
uel Batchelder and others ;* and one signed September 2, 
1779, by John Coombs, master of the brigantine Stork, owned 
by William Coombs and Abel Greenleaf.5 

' Massachusetts Archives (Armed Vessels), vol. VII., p. 39. 

■^ Massachusetts Archives (Armed Vessels), vol. VI., p. 213. 

' Massachusetts Archives (Armed Vessels), vol. V., p. 26. 

■* Massachusetts Archives (Armed Vessels), vol. V., p. 279. 

* Massachusetts Archives (Armed Vessels), vol. VII., pp. 189-191 . 



CHAPTER XVII. 

THh EMBARGO AND THE WAR OF I 8 12. 

At a town meeting held July 17, 1807, a communication 
from the committee of correspondence of Norfolk, Va., in re- 
gard to an attack made on an American frigate by an English 
ship-of-war, off the coast of Virginia, was read and the follow- 
ing resolutions were adopted : — 

Whereas by a late Proclamation of the President of the United States 
}t appears that an alarming outrage has been committed on the Amer- 
ican Flag by one of his Brittainick Majesties Ships of War; and where- 
as we deem it proper on an occassion so disturbing to the feelings of 
our fellow Citizens to publicly manifest our sentiments thereon, therefore 
be it 

1. Resolved that we consider the attack made upon the United 
States Frigate Chesapeake by the British Ship of War, Leopard, a vio- 
lation of our national rights and an insult to our national dignity, no less 
humiliating than unwarrantable. 

2. Resolved that the firm, dignified and temperate policy adopted by 
the President of the United States at this alarming Crisis shall have our 
most cordial approbation and support. 

3. Resolved that we unite with our Covernment in wishing ardently for 
the continuance of peace on just and honorable terms : yet we are willing 
and ready to co-operate in the support of any measures, however serious, 
which may tend to secure the honor and safety of our country and we 
pledge our lives and fortunes to support the same. 

|/ 4. Resolved that the Conduct of our Brethren at Norfolk and the vi- 
cinity, on this occasion, before the orders of Government could be obtained, 
was truly spirited and patriotic ; and that the selectmen be recjuested to 
return a respectful answer to their Communication with a copy of the 
proceedings of this meeting.' 

On the twenty-second day of December following, congress 
passed a law forbidding the clearance of American vessels for 
foreign ports. Newbtiryport suffered severely by this arbi- 

' Newburyport Town Records, vol. II., p. 351. 

648 



THE EMBARGO AND THE WAR OF iSiz 



649 



trary restriction of commerce. Items like the following were 
frequently published in the newspapers of the day : — 

[April 5, 1808] The following is a correct list of vessels now laying in 
this port embargoed: 15 ships, 27 brigs, i barque, 27 schooners. Total, 
70 vessels.' 

[July 12, 1808] There are now collected in our harbor 24 ships 28 
brigs and 27schs — -this is the first si.x months product of farmer Jeffer- 
son's embargo.' 

[July 15, 1808] Our wharves have now the stillness of the grave, — in- 
deed nothing flourishes on them but vegetation.' 

At a town meeting" held August 9, 1808, a committee was 
appointed to prepare a petition to be presented to Thomas 
Jefferson, president of the United States, praying for a change 
in the policy of the national government. To this petition 
the president replied, on the twenty-sixth, that he was author- 
ized by an act of congress to suspend the operation of the 
embargo when hostilities between the belligerent powers of 
Europe ceased, but he was unable to grant the prayer of the 
petitioners " as no peace or suspension of hostilities, no change 
of measures affecting neutral commerce is known to have 
taken place. "^ 

January 12, 1809, a committee appointed by the inhabitants 
of Newburyport reported a series of resolutions, which were 
accepted and ordered to be sent to the merchants and manu- 
facturers of neighboring" towns, denouncing the embargo as 
unnecessary and unwise, hostile to the best interests of the 
country, threatening the liberties of the people, and violating 
the principles of the constitution. The activity displayed in 
the enlistment of soldiers was condemned in the following 
terms : — 

Resolved that we view with inexpressible alarm the organization of a 
great and unusual military force in time of peace ; a force whose desti- 
nation is studiously concealed, and whose object it is impossible to con- 
jecture unless it be to overcome the community and enforce measures 

' Newburyport Semi- Weekly Herald. 

"^ Newburyport Town Records, vol. II., p. 368. 



650 ff^S TOR Y OF NE WB UR YPOR T 

warring at once with their wishes their interests and their most precious 
rights.' 

At the same meeting, a long and spirited memorial was 
adopted urging the members of the General Court to exert 
their influence to prevent, if possible, " the utter destruction 
of trade and commerce and restore peace and prosperity to 
our unhappy country."' 

Congress repealed the embargo act March i, 1809, but 
many perplexing and irritating complications followed, which 
finally resulted in a war with Great Britain, in 18 12. 

At a town meeting held June 15, 18 12, a committee was 
appointed to prepare a memorial, or address, to be presented 
to the General Court pledging financial aid to, and support of, 
the measures adopted for the safety and protection of the 
people of this commonwealth, " and also expressing their dis- 
approbation of the late declaration of war."- 

T() this memorial the General Court replied in a communi- 
cation, which was read at a meeting held in Newburyport 
July I, 1 8 12, when the town voted to unite with other towns 
in Massachusetts in the election of a president of the United 
States "who shall be free from foreign influence, who will 
cherish and protect Commerce, and have a suitable regard 
for the interests of the northern section of the union ;"^ and 
also voted to appoint a committee of five to confer with the 
inhabitants of other towns in the county and agree upon some 
plan of action. 

Although the war was unpopular in Newburyport several 
privateers were fitted out to prey upon the commerce of the 
enemy. The Manhattan, Captain McCuller, sailed July 13, 
1812, " on a cruise." She was fitted out by James Prince, 
Benjamin Merrill, Simeon Copps, William Stickney, Joseph 
W'illiams and Elias Jackman, " all democrats of the first 
water."-* 

The brig Decatiu', carrying fourteen guns and one hundred 

' Newburyport Town Records, vol. II., p. 373. 
■2 Newburyport Town Records, vol. II., p. 431. 
■* Newburyport Town Records, vol. II., p. 434. 
* Newburyport Herald and Country Gazette, July 24, 181 2. 



THE EMBARGO AND THE WAR OF 1812 651 

and sixty men, under the command of Capt. William Nichols, 
cleared at the custom house in Newburyport on the fourth 
day of August following. She captured in less than two 
months the following-described vessels : — 

August 22, 1 81 2, the bark Uuke of Savoy 
" 23 " " brig Thomas, in ballast 

" 25 " " " Elizabeth with a cargo of salt and coal 
" 26 " " " Devonshire with a cargo of fish and oil 
" 26 " " " Concord sent into Halifax as a cartel 

with twenty prisoners 
" 26 " " " Hope in ballast, burned at sea 
" 30 " " " William and Charlotte with lumber for 

the English government 
Sept. I " " ship Diana with a cargo of rum, sugar and 

coffee' 
" I " " brig Fame with a cargo of sugar and rum' 

The Decatur arrived in Newburyport September 23, 1812, 
with fifty-four prisoners, including two ship-masters and two 
mates. ^ 

Captain Nichols sailed on his second cruise November 24, 
18 12. Previous to the twenty-fifth day of December follow- 
ing he captured the brig Devonshire and sent her to the coast 
of France, Wingate Pillsbury of Newburyport, prize master.^ 
Subsequently, he captured another vessel, name unknown, 
which was also sent to France. January 9, 18 13, he captured 
the ship Neptune, with a cargo of brandy, wine, jewelry and 
dry goods. The Neptune arrived at Portland, Me., in charge 
of a prize crew, and a pilot, familiar with the harbor, was sent 
down to bring her to Newburyport. ■♦ 

The privateer Decatur was captured January 17, 18 13. by 
the British frigate Surprise, carrying thirty-eight guns, and 
taken into Barbadoes.5 Captain Nichols was confined for 

' The ship Diana and the brig Fame were subsequently re-captured by a British 
armed vessel and sent to England. (Newburyport Herald and Country Gazette, 
December 15, 1812.) 

^ Newburyport Herald and Country Gazette, September 25, 18 12. 

^ Newburyport Herald and Country Gazette, December 25, 18 12. 

■• Newburyport Herald and Country Gazette, February 19, 1813. 

* Newburyport Herald and Country Gazette, March 19 and June 5, 181 3. 



By the Commissioners for con- 
ducting His Majesty's Trans- 
port Service, fof taking Care 
of Sick and Wounded Sea- 
men, and for the Care and 
Custody of Prisoners of War. 



These are to certify. That e^'0^]^*?^^^-^^^ ^p*< U /^^,^-*S^ 

_ °* described on the Back hereof^,a.-»^^^t*^/^,„, Prisoner of War, 

has been relecued irom '^^ylf rfw^^VfVrk.'*-*-!^ 

and permitted toj-etum ^o ^^l^^'/^y^t ^^, 1^^^ ^ ^'^L.-.^h'" Eschange for 

late Prisoner of War — 



AND WHEREAS the said 



t^-^c^i^k^^ 



jjjpermitted to procee^ direct, an^ withovt Delay, froni 







Ail and singular His ^Majesty's Officers, Civil and MiliW^, are hereoy desired and 
required to suffer^^^U-*** •<> pass accordingly, without any Hindrance or Molestation 
whatever, provided >C«^ leave this Kingdonf '«^'>'''" if^-)a t^.'^ jt- Days from 
the Date hereof; but \i ^.^ should deviate from tS Route hereby pointed out, or 
be foundin this Country after the Time allowed to >^vv-. , .<^A>^ill be liable to 
immediate Apprehensio/i and Imprisonment. 

Given under our Hai^d* and Seal Qf Office, M London, 



>%*-»t.*-/ 



N.B. All Orlificmin hating 
My Harl i/f iben filltd up 
uu l')rftburf I, are to be coa- 
tidrrfd u fabe, aad of.no 
VdMlitjr. 



OrotS, 



thia^*«;^y4rt^/ Day et .,»- 



181^. 




CERTIFICATE OF RELEASE OF CAPT. WILLIAM NICHOLS. 



THE EMBARGO AND THE WAR OF 1S12 

Name, .^^it^^.A^'U^^ 
Rank, (^^^a*-*^ 
Age, .^y^ ^^/Sk. Tears. 
Stature, ^^^ Feet, ^i^S.'^-if Inches. 
Person, ^^^^Uu^L^, 
Visage, -<^2^;5c. 
Complexion, Jli^^<ic^*>- 
Hair, /^-^^^ 
Eyes, /^^c^<^^ 
Marks, 
or 



653 




PERSONAL DESCRIPTION. 



thirty-four days, in a pen or cage built on the quarter-deck of 
a prison ship, and not allowed to communicate with any one 
except his guard. He was subsequently sent to England as 
a prisoner and detained there until exchanged, by order of 
the government, and permitted to return home.' 

The schooner Yankee, fitted out as a privateer in August, 
18 1 2, Captain Pillsburyof Newburyport, master, was captured 
near the West India islands on the twenty-third day of Octo- 
ber by an English cruiser, and sent into Barbadoes.^ In 18 13, 
the brig Argus carrying thirteen guns, made several voyages 
as a letter of marque under the command of Capt. Harry 
Parsons. She carried a cargo of merchandise from Boston to 
Nantz in April of that year. On her return voyage she 
captured, August thirty-first, the British ship London Packet, 

' The certificate of release reproduced on the opposite page is taken from the 
original certificate in the possession of George E, Hale, of Newburj'port, grandson 
of Captain Nichols. The above description isendorsed on the back of the certificate. 
Newburyport Herald and Country Gazette, December 29, 181 2. 



654 ^^'5' TOR V OF NE WB UR YPOR T 

with a cargo of hides ; September ninth, the brig Atlantic, with 
a cargo of sugar, cotton and indigo ; and September twenty- 
first, the brig Jane, which she released, with the crews of the 
vessels previously captured/ 

Alarm posts were established on Plum island to give notice 
of the approach of hostile ships, and, October 3, 18 12, the se- 
lectmen were requested " to cause certain cannon belonging to 
the town to be mounted (not exceeding five) and to furnish 
the necessary apparatus for the same."^ On the sev^enth day 
of April following a committee appointed to consider the 
defenceless condition of the town reported substantially as 
follows : — 

During the Embargo in 1807, when tliere was little or no prospect of 
war, the Government of the United States ordered several pieces of 
cannon for the defence of this harbour, and that just before the present 
war (and perhaps after the administration had determined on it) Govern- 
ment ordered these Cannon to be taken away. Your committee are 
however of the opinion that it is advisable, and would recommend, that 
the selectmen be authorized to make application to the Governor and 
Council of this Commonwealth for a pair of Field Pieces should circum- 
stances, in their opinion, require it.3 

[April22, 1 81 3] voted that the selectmen be authorized to apply to 
Government for Powder and Ball and all other apparatus belonging to 
Field Pieces.4 

After considerable delay the governor and council conclud- 
ed to furnish the cannon and ammunition asked for and 
the following communication was sent to the selectmen of 
Newbury port : — 

Adjutant General's Office, Boston, Sept. 3, 181 3. 
To Ebenezer Moseley, Esq., Chairman of Selectmen, Newburyport. 

Sir : The commissioners for sea coast defence have concluded that 
two eighteen pound cannon (iron) mounted on traveling carriages should 
be furnished to the town of Newburyport for its defence, — likewise fifty 
muskets and accoutrements complete with a suitable quantity of ammuni- 

1 Newburyport Herald and Country Gazette, October 5, 1813. 
- Newburyport Town Records, vol. II., p. 436. 
■' Newburyport Town Records, vol. II., p. 445. 
'' Newburyport Town Records, vol. II., p. 450. 



THE EMBARGO AND THE WAR OE 1811 



655 



tion both for the cannon and small arms. Perhaps horses for removing 
the cannon might be more economically provided in Newburyport than 
here. I should by the tirst opportunity wish you to inform me of the 
terms upon which suitable teams may be obtained ; immediately after the 
receipt of that information I will inform you of the mode determined on 
by the commissioners for the conveyance of your supplies, meanwhile I 
am very respectfully sir, 

your obedient servant 

J. Brooks.' 

On the eighteenth day of September, the United States 
sloop-of-war Wasp was launched from the ship-yard of Orlando 
B. Merrill and Major William Cross in Newbury.- She was 
taken to the upper long wharf, so called, at the foot of Market 
street, Newburyport, and there fitted for sea. 

Sailors enlisting for service " on board the U.S. ship-of-war, 
called the Wasp, now laying in Newburyport, Johnston Blake- 
ley, commander," were offered two months wages in advance.^ 
The British frigate Majestic was then cruising in the vicinity 
of Cape Ann and the report was circulated that she had land- 
ed fifty or sixty men on Plum island for the purpose of cap- 
turing the unfinished vessel. The rumor created considerable 
excitement, but proved to be unfounded. ■♦ The Wasp, how- 
ever, was hauled out into the stream and anchored in the 
channel of the river. Her heavy guns arrived and were 
mounted on the gun-deck in the month of January following. 

On Friday evening last [February 18, 181 4] an elegant Ball was given 
by the officers of the U.S. sloop-of-war, Wasp, on board that ship which 
for novelty of appearance and elegance of style has seldom been exceed- 
ed in this place. 5 

The Wasp, in command of Capt. Johnston Blakeley, sailed 
for Portsmouth, N. H., on the twenty-second day of February 

1 Archives, Adjutant General's Office, Boston, Mass., Letter Book B., p. 13. 

■•^ History of Newbury (Currier), p. 488. 

•" Newburyport Herald and Country Gazette, September 24, 1813. 

■• Newburyport Herald and Country Gazette, November 25, 1813. 

The Majestic, carrying five hundred and fifty men and sixty-four guns, captured 
several vessels between the Isles of Shoals and Cape Ann; one of them, the schoon- 
er Two Brothers, Joseph Lovett, master, she released and sent into Newburyport. 
(Newburyport Herald, November 30, 181 3.) 

'" Newburyport Herald and Country Gazette, February 22, 1814. 



656 HIS TOR V OF NE WB UR YPOR T 

and arrived there the same day. After receiving" naval sup- 
plies, heavy guns and ammunition she sailed from that port 
for a cruise on the English coast. During the following sum- 
mer, she captured thirteen merchant vessels, " destroying 
twelve of them and sending one into port." On the ninth day 
of October, she spoke the Swedish brig Adonis, near the Cape 
de Verde Islands, and was never heard from afterward. She 
probably sank, with all on board, after a severe engagement 
with an English frigate in the month of November following.' 
At a meeting of the inhabitants of Newburyport held Feb- 
ruary 7, 1 8 14, Jeremiah Nelson, Joseph Dana, John Fitz, 
Capt. Thomas M. Clark and Capt. William Farris were appoint- 
ed to prepare a memorial to be presented to the General Court 
praying for the adoption of measures necessary to secure to 
the citizens of this commonwealth their constitutional rights 
and privileges. They attended to the duty assigned them and 
submitted the following report which was accepted : — 

To the Honorable Senate and the Honorable House of Representa- 
tives of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts ; we the inhabitants of 
Newburjport, in the County of Essex, qualified to vole in public affairs 
in town meeting assembled, on Monday, February 7, 1814, respectfully 
represent, 

That although we have full confidence that our sentiments and feelings 
have been faithfully expressed by our Representatives in your honorable 
body, and in the congress of the United States, yet in a crisis like the 
present if there be a mode of expression more forcible and emphatick, 
such a mode we are constrained to adopt. We are not now assembled 
to consider ordinary questions respecting the well being of the repubhck. 
We are called in common with our fellow citizens of the Eastern States 
to consider whether the Republick still exists, or whether in the govern- 
ment under whose oppression we now suffer we have any rights, privi- 
ledges and interests worth a struggle to maintain. It is not our intention 
to enumerate in detail the parts of that system of infatuated national pol- 
icy which, in so short a period, has wasted the substance and prostrated 
the character of the nation ; which has paralized the hand of labor and 
industry, and converted into a theatre of crime and wickedness, a coun- 
try which lately was, and still might be. the most prosperous and happy 
portion of the globe. On this head the language of petition and remon- 
-strance addressed to the government of the United States, the guilty 

^ History of Newbury (Currier), p. 624. 



THE EMBARGO AND THE WAR OF 1S12 657 

author of our calamities, has been exhausted in vain. The archives of 
your honorable boch- have been swelled with our complaints. Your 
appeals in our behalf have been equally unavailing. The voice of an 
injured and suffering people has been treated with neglect and contempt. 
The national government regardless of our rights and insensible to our 
sufferings and those of the nation, still pursues its melancholy and 
destructive career. The war with Great Britain still proceeds with unre- 
lenting obstinancy. A war waged without just cause and without any 
adequate object. A war in which a Christian nation is drawn into a con- 
test unchristian and inhuman, odious in the sight of God and man, in 
which no pious man can offer his prayers, no patriot his wishes, for suc- 
cess ; a war of invasion originating in falsehood and fraud, conducted 
throughout with worse than idiotic folly and imbecillity, in all its stages 
stamped with the most unequivocal signatures of divine displeasure. In 
a war of this character the lives of thousands of our citizens have already 
been sacrificed, and thousands of our hardy and intrepid mariners have 
been compelled to quit their country and to seek employment in the ser- 
vice of foreign nations for subsistence. In support of such a war all 
classes of citizens in the Eastern states are involved in calamities hither- 
to unparallelled ; the ordinary employments and means of subsistence of 
multitudes have ceased and with the exception of a few wealthy individ- 
uals the people are called to submit to the privation not only of luxuries 
but of many other articles which from long habit have become necessa- 
ries of life. Nor amid all our sufferings and privations have we even 
the poor consolation to believe that thev will be but temporary, or that 
they have contributed in any degree to prevent or diminish the debt 
created by the war ; on the other hand under the present system we can 
see no prospect of their end or alleviation. 

Although scarcely arrived at the close of the first act of the horrible 
drama, by the most profuse and wanton e.xpenditures of publick monies, 
the mass of debt already incurred exceeds the whole debt of the United 
States at the close of the late Revolutionary war, and we have but too 
much cause to fear that at the close of the war, even if it should arrive 
at an early period, it will leave the nation with an intolerable load of 
debt, a sad inheritance of taxes and poverty to surviving generations. In 
such a debt have we no reason to apprehend the extinction of republican 
liberty and the destruction of that happy equality in circumstances, priv- 
iledges and enjoyments of the citizens which has hitherto constituted the 
glory and strength of the New England Republicks? In the stockhold- 
ers of such a debt shall we not realize an odious, haughty aristocracy to 
support whose luxury the landholders, the trader, the artisan and the oth- 
er classes in society must be doomed to perpetual and insupportable 
bondage. But as though this war were not intrinsically, and in its neces- 
sary incidents, sufiiciently burdensome to the people of this Common- 
wealth, the late act interdicting Commerce even between citizens of the 



65 8 HIS TOR Y OF NE WB UR YPOR T 

same state by which a considerable portion of our people are deprived of 
their ordinary and in many instances their only particular means of 
obtaining their necessary supplies, seemed alone wanting to appropriate- 
ly close this war of cruelty and oppression. 

We reprobate this act as violatory of the constitution ; we reprobate it 
because it vests despotic power in the President and raises up petty 
despots in every corner of the land ; and because it imposes wanton re- 
straints upon freemen calculated to irritate them to desperate resistance, 
or to crush their spirits and convert them into slaves. In this unhappy 
and almost desperate condition of our beloved country we rejoice that we 
have in our state government a constitutional barrier against acts of vio- 
lence and oppression, from whatever source thev may proceed. We re- 
joice in the late publick expressions of the Supreme Executive of the 
Legislature to recognize the principles and the spirit which formerly 
achieved our liberty and independence, and which, we tnast, will now 
preserve the sacred deposit. If the liberties of the American nation are 
doomed to perish, we will indulge the hope that under jour guardianship, 
the Commonwealth of Massachusetts, even if alone, will defend to the 
last the inheritance purchased with the blood of their fathers. 

We, therefore, humbly and earnestly pray your honorable body as you 
would preserve the tranquility of the people of this Commonwealth, pre- 
vent the horrors of insurrection, and the fatal effects of individual resis- 
tance to acts of oppression, to devise and adopt without delay such meas- 
ures as to you, in your wisdom, shall appear most expedient and effica- 
cious to secure to the citizens of this Commonwealth the enjoyment of 
their constitutional rights and priviledges and more especially the right 
of mutual intercourse by water, as well as by land, of which they have 
been wantonly and unjustly deprived ; and we the people of Newburyport 
do hereby solemnly pledge ourselves to your honorable body, and to our 
fellow citizens, to support, with our lives and fortunes, such measures as 
shall be adopted by you for the redress of our grievances and in defence 
of our rights, and we will be prepared at a moments warning to obey the 
call of duty and our Country.' 

Ebexezer Moselev, Moderator. 
William Work, Town Clerk. 

Newburyport, Feb. 7*11, 1S14 ■ 

In June, news reached Newburyport that Paris had been 
captured and Napoleon dethroned. 

[June 14, 1 81 4] Voted that the selectmen be requested to cause the 
Bells of the Town to be rung from eleven to twelve o'clock on the day of 
the Fifteenth of June, instant, in commemoration of the great events in 
Europe.^ 

1 Newburyport Town Records, vol. II., pp. 456-458, 
^ Newburyport Town Records, vol. II., p. 476. 



THE EMBARGO AND THE WAR OF 1S12 659 

The use of the cannon belonging to the town was granted 
to any person or persons wishing to iire a sakite, at their own 
expense, on the morning of that day, and also permission to 
illuminate the town hall in the evening. 

The ship masters and seamen of Newburyport organized a 
voluntary association, called the "Sea Fencibles," for the de- 
fence of the sea coast. The following-named officers were 
elected early in the month of June : — 

Jeremiah Stickney Captain 

David Lufkin First Lieutenant 

Hector Coffin Second " 

Charles Hodge Third " 

WilHam Bartlet, Jr. Orderly Sergeant 

Jeremiah Wheelwright Second " 

Green Johnson Third " 

James Francis '^ 

William Young; ! ^ , 

T 1 A 1 • ^ Corporals 

Joseph Aubm [ ^ 

Joseph Buntin J 

Most of the men who served in the ranks had been thrown 
out of employment by the embargo, and were bitterly opposed 
to the prolongation of the war. They were willing to assist 
in defending the town but refused to enlist in expeditions or- 
ganized for service beyond the limits of the state. Prominent 
among the active members of the association were Richard P. 
Coffin, Enoch Gerrish, Jacob Knapp, John H. Titcomb, 
Thomas Boardman, David Coffin, Jr., Humphrey W. Currier, 
Lawrence Brown, Samuel Swasey, Abner Caldwell, Moses 
Brown, Jr., Micajah Lunt, Jr., and many others.' The follow- 
ing communication undoubtedly relates to an offer made by the 
" Sea Fencibles " to perform military duty on the sea coast. 

Adjutant General's Office, Boston, June 23, 1814. 
Major General Amos Hovev, 

Sir: — Enclosed is an association of a number of citizens of Newbury- 
port and Newbury and a tender of their services to his Excellency the 
Commander in Chief for maritime defence, which he has been pleased 
to accept. The same document contains an expression of the sense of 
the association as to the officers to command them, and if you on exam- 
ination should give your assent to the returns of their election made by 

' Newburyport Marine Society Records. 



66o HIS TOR V OF NE IVB UR YPOR T 

Major Knapp, and will forward the same to this office, commissions will 
immediately be made out for the gentleman designated. The urgency of 
the occasion pleads for dispatch 

Very respectfully sir 

Your obedient sen-ant 

J. Brooks.' 

Major-General Hovey was ordered, June i6, 1814, to furnish 
Newburyport and other towns on the sea coast with a mihtary 
force sufficient to protect them, if attacked by British cruisers. 
The names of the officers and men, stationed in Newburyport, 
who served on Pkim island during" the following summer have 
been preserved in the archives of the adjutant general's office, 
in Boston, Mass. 

August 17, 1 8 14, the inhabitants of Newburyport author- 
ized the treasiu'er " to pay such of the soldiers as have done, 
or may do duty as guard for the defence of the Town " the 
wages due them and forward an account of the same to the 
treasurer of the commonwealth.'' On the ninth day of Sep- 
tember following, a committee was appointed to assist the se- 
lectmen in providing for the protection of property and the 
security of the inhabitants of the town. This committee was 
instructed to apply to the governor and council of the state of 
Massachusetts "and request them to furnish such military aid 
& assistance as the present alarming exigency requires."-^ 

Firemen, municipal officers and young men exempt by law 
from military duty, offered their services and were accepted. 
Fortifications were erected at Plum island and military com- 
panies in the neighboring towns were ordered to meet twice 
a week for exercise and drill. 

Commonwealth of Massachusetts. 

Head Quarters, Boston, September 16, 1814. 
General Orders. 

For the greater security of the seaports within the second division and 
to render as efficient as possible the internal military strength of those 
places the commander in chief orders that the several companies and 

' Archives, Adjutant General's office, Boston, Mass., Letter Book B, p. 112. 
- Newburyport Town Records, vol. II., p. 477. 
•' Newburyport Town Records, vol. II., p. 480. 



THE EMBARGO AMD THE WAR OF 1812 661 

regiments in the towns of Salem, Marblehead, Beverly, (Houcester, New- 
bury, Newbiuyport, Amesbury and Salisbury be assembled for the pur- 
pose of instruction in military tactics, two days in each week until further 
orders. Major General Hovey is charged with the execution of this order. 

By his excellency's command 

J. Brooks, .IdJ. General.^ 

Capt. William Nichols, who was captured in the brig De- 
catur and taken to England in 18 13, was released ten or 
twelve months later and returned to Newburyport. He took 
command of the brig Harpy, three hundred and fifty tons bur- 
then, carrying fourteen heavy guns and a crew of one hundred 
men. He sailed from Baltimore in September, 18 14, and after 
a short cruise fell in with and captured the Princess Elizabeth, 
a British packet-ship. The Turkish ambassador, on his way 
to England, an English army officer, an aide to a British gen- 
eral and the second lieutenant of a seventy-four gun ship were 
passengers on board the packet. 

Taking from the captured vessel " ten thousand dollars in 
specie, five pipes of Maderia wine, two brass 9 pounders and 
two 12 pounders. Captain Nichols threw overboard the remain- 
ing guns and allowed the Princess ElizabctJi to ])roceed on 
her voyage after paying a ransom of two thousand dollars."' 

The Harpy arrived at Portsmouth, N. H., early in the 
month of October. She sailed again a few days later, return- 
ing to that port after a cruise of twenty-one days, with sixty- 
.five prisoners including one major-general and several other 
army officers, having captured two English transports, the 
Budges and the Amazon, from London, for Halifax.^ 

Both craft were laden with provisions for the British army in America, 
the Budges having a cargo of rum, brandy, beef, pork, flour and bread. 
They belonged to a fleet that had sailed from Portsmouth, England. 
Among the prisoners were two majors and several other officers. It was 
estimated that the value of the prizes taken by the Harpy in this cruise 
was at least half a million dollars.4 

' Archives, Adjutant General's office, Boston, Mass. 

2 History of American Privateers (Maclay), p. 459. 

•* Newburyport Herald and Country Gazette, October 28, 18 14. 

^ History of American Privateers (Maclay), p. 460. 



66: 



HIS TOR Y OF NE IV B UR } 'FOR T 




BRIG HARPy.l 

On her next cruise, the Harpy was at sea eighty-six days, 
arriving in Salem February 5, 181 5, having captured seven 
prizes. Three of these prizes were sent into port, two were 
destroyed and two released/ From the vessels destroyed 
Captain Nichols took a large amount of merchandise described 
as follows : — 



One hundred and eighteen boxes and trunks, and one hundred and 
sixteen hogsheads and casks of dry goods, jewelry, plate, women's rich 
dresses, navy trimmings, fine clothing, etc. Three hundred and thirty 
boxes fresh Malaga raisins, sixty six frails Turkey figs, one hundred and 
fifty eight pieces of British manufactured goods, twenty nine bolts of 
canvas, a quantity of cordage, ten pipes of Sherry wine, three barrels of 
gunpowder ; carronades, muskets, pistols, cutlasses, sails, signal flags, 
lamps and paint oil ; white and patent sheet lead, nautical instruments, 
cut glass, medicines and upward of one hundred thousand pounds ster- 
ling in British treasury notes and bills of exchange. 3 

The ship William and Alfred, with a cargo of dry goods and 

1 This half-tone print of the brig Harpy is reproduced from a drawing in the pos- 
session of George E. Hale of Newburyport. 

'^ Newburyport Herald and Country Gazette, February 7, 181 5. 
•* Newburyport Herald, February 10, 1815, fourth page. 



THE EMBARGO AXD THE ^FAA' OF 1S12 



663 




CAPT. WILLIAM MClIOLS.i 



plantation utensils, was bound from London to Antigua. After 
her capture by the Harpy she was sent into port in charge of 
a prize crew, and her captain wrote and signed the following 
testimonial : — 



Capt. William Drysdale, late of the ship William and Alfred, captured 
January 2, 1815, bythe brig Haipy, returns his grateful acknowledge- 
ment to William NichoUs, Esq. commander of the said brig, and all his 
officers for their great civility, indulgent lenit}- and humane usage while 
on board and generously delivering up all his private property. And 
should, at any future time, Captain Nichols, or any of his officers come 
to London, Captain Drysdale will be happy to see them at his house, 

' From a portrait painted on glass now in the possession of George E. Hale of 
Newburyport. 



664 fil^ TOR V OF NE IVB UR YPOR T 

Stepney Green, near London. Given under my hand on board the 
Harpy at sea, this day, January 6, 1815.1 

This testimonial was endorsed by other ship-masters on 
board the Harpy, as follows : — 

We the undersigned feeling congenial sentiments with Captain Drys- 
dale towards Captain Nichols, Lieutenant Place, and the officers on 
board the Haipy and desirous that such humanity and goodness may be 
made public, as well in the United States as in England, declare that our 
treatment is worthy of every praise and encomium, and that all our pri- 
vate property has been held sacred to us and a cartel latted for us as 
early as circumstances would permit. George Harrison, W. Newell, J. 
W. Hall, Andrew McCarthy, late masters of vessels taken by the Harpy. - 

At a meeting of the inhabitants of Newburyport held Janu- 
ary 16, 181 5, a long and spirited memorial to the General 
Court was adopted from which the following extracts are 
taken : — 

To the Honorable the Senate and the Honorable the House of Repre- 
sentatives of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts : 

The Inhabitants of Newburyport in town meeting assembled beg 
leave respectfully to represent that they believe the time to have arrived 
in the disastrous course of our national policy when measures of the 
most firm, temperate and efficient character, on the part of our State 
Legislature can alone save this land. 

In the midst of these aggravated evils we find no consolation in the 
reports of peace which the administration contrive to circulate, whenever 
it suits their purposes ; wlienever some new chain is to be rivetted upon 
us, some new act of desperation attempted. Peace itself could not heal 
the wounds which they have inflicted on their country, or atone for their 
sins, nor can we hope for a lasting peace while corruption is seated in 
our high places, and the stain of blood, wickedly and wantonly shed, is 
crying to heaven for vengeance. 

It was with feelings of unciualified approbation that we witnessed the 
appointment by your honorable body of delegates to a New England 
Convention.3 

And it is for the purpose of expressing our assent to all its 
doctrines and our willingness to support to the last hazard and extremity 
the measures which it proposes, that we now approach you, — To what- 

' History of American Privateers (Maclay), p. 460. 
'^ History of American Privateers (Maclay), p. 461. 
•'' Held at Hartford, Conn., in December, 1S14. 



THE EMBARGO AND THE WAR OE 181^ 



665 



ever consequences these measures may lead, we pledge to you our own, 
and we believe this whole people will pledge to you their undivided and 
fearless support. And should 3'our demands and requisitions on the na- 
tional government be treated with the neglect and contumely shown to 
your humble remonstrances ; should the equitable compromise suggested 
by that convention be refused, and the approaching season still find us bend- 
ing under domestic tyranny and exposed to foreign invasion, we have no 
hesitation in saying that we shall consider our State Legislature as the 
sole, rightful and bounden judge of the course which our safety may 
require, witJuntt any reoard to the persons still assuming to be the JVation- 
a/ Govef-nnie/!t, nor h^ve we a doubt that the citizens of the Northern 
States, ardently as they are attached to the Union, would in that event, 
under the guidance of their enlightened sages, standing in the spirit and 
upon the extreme boundary of their constitutional privileges, — Would 
declare tJiat our own resources shall be appropriated to our oivn defence, 
that the laws of the United States shall be tempora) ily suspended in their 
operation in our territory^ and that hostilities shall cease towards Great 
Britain on the part of the free, sovereign and independent states of A^ew 
England. 

Ebenezer Moselev, Moderator.'^ 

The threatened disruption of the Union was averted, and 
incipient rebellion crushed, by the abrupt close of the war. 

About two o'clock in the afternoon of February 13, 181 5, 
news reached Newburyport that a treaty of peace had been 
concluded between the United States and Great Britain. The 
announcement was received with shouts of joy, the roar of can- 
non and the ringing of bells. At a town meeting held in the 
evening the " Sea Fencibles " were granted permission to use 
the cannon belonging to the town for the purpose of firing a 
Federal salute at noon the next day, and a committee was 
appointed to raise, by subscription, money to pay the cost of 
illuminating the town hall and other prominent buildings on 
the evening of that day.- 

February twenty-second, the Washington Benevolent socie- 
ty, the " Sea Fencibles " and other charitable and military 
organizations celebrated the return of peace by a pubUc pro- 

1 Newburyport Herald and Country Gazette, January 27, 1815. 

-Newburyport Herald, February 14 and 17, 1815. In addition to the town 
hall, the Bank building, Phoenix Insurance Company building. Union Insurance 
Company building. Herald office, Wolfe tavern, the observatory on Marsh's hill 
and many private residences were illuminated. 



666 HIS TOR Y OF NE IVB UR YPOR T 

cession, under the escort of the Washington Light Infantry. 
They marched through the principal streets of the town to the 
meeting house of the First Religious Society, where Stephen 
Hooper, Esq., delivered an address appropriate to the occa- 
sion.' 

On the same day, the inhabitants of that part of Newbury 
known as Belleville assembled at the meeting house on 
High street, near the head of Moody's lane, now Woodland 
street, Newburyport, where, after prayer by the Rev. James 
Miltimore, an ode, written by James Miltimore, Jr., was read 
and an oration on " Patriotism and Peace " delivered by John 
Merrill, A. M.^ 

At a meeting of the inhabitants of Newburyport held 
March 28, 18 16, the selectmen made the following report : — 

In the course of the preceding summer, under instructions from the 
late board of war, we caused the ordnances, muskets & other munitions 
of war which had been received from the commonwealth to be returned 
to Boston the expenses of which transportation were paid from the treas- 
ury of the Commonwealth. 

Under instructions from the same board of war, we have caused the 
batteries on Plumb Island, and on the Plumb Island turnpike, and also 
such utensils and personal property as belonged to the Commonwealth 
to be sold at pubhc auction and the nett proceeds thereof to be paid over 
to the agent of the board of war.' 

1 Newburyport Herald and Country Gazette, February 17, 21 and 24, 1815. 
- Newburyport Herald and Country Gazette, February 28, 1815. 
•' Newburyport Town Records, vol. H., p. 516. 



CHAPTER XVIII. 

THE MEXICAN, CIVIL AND SPANISH WARS. 

May II, 1846, congress declared, the Anierican army on 
the Rio Grande having been attacked, " that war existed 
between the United States and Mexico," and the president, 
James K. Polk, was authorized to arm and equip fifty thousand 
volunteers to re-inforce the regular army. The pulpit and the 
press in New England opposed the war and only a few men 
volunteered to enter the service. 

When the General Court of Massachusetts assembled in 
January, 1847, Caleb Gushing, a member of the house of rep- 
resentatives from Newburyport, introduced a resolution ap- 
propriating twenty thousand dollars for the purpose of raising 
a regiment of able-bodied men for immediate service in the 
field. The resolution was referred to a committee who re- 
ported in favor of its passage but the report was vigorously 
opposed and after a brisk debate the resolution was defeated 
by a decisive vote.' 

The friends of the P'ederal government, however, decided 
to arm and equip the regiment and raised a fund for that 
purpose to which Mr. Gushing contributed liberally. Ten 
companies were speedily organized and on the fifteenth day 
of January Caleb Gushing was chosen colonel, Isaac H. 
Wright, lieutenant colonel, and Edward W. Abbott, major. 

On the first day of February, Colonel Gushing resigned his 
seat in the legislature and a few days later several hundred 
dollars were subscribed in Newburyport to procure a suitable 
gift to be presented to him, but, at his suggestion, the 
money was expended for the benefit of the regiment and a 
plain gold ring purchased and presented to him at a public 

' Newburyport Herald, January 22, 1847. 

667 



668 filS TOR V OF NE VVB L 'R YPOR T 

meeting held in Market hall on the ninth day of February.' 
Miss Mary C. Burnham, assisted by Miss Anna P. Le Breton 
and Miss Sarah P. Hervey, made the presentation, and Mr. 
Gushing responded in a brief and appropriate speech that was 
received with great .applause." 

Thursday evening, February nineteenth, an immense audi- 
ence assembled in Boston, at the Melodeon. Hon. David 
Henshaw presided and Robert Rantoul, Jr., Esq., speaking 
for himself and his political associates, presented a sword to 
Colonel Gushing who accepted the gift with evident emotion 
and replied in a speech worthy of the occasion. 

The next day the friends of David Brainard Stover, Jr., 
second lieutenant of company A, presented him, at his home 
in Newburyport, with a sword and a heavy gold ring, both 
suitably inscribed. ^ 

Men from Esse.x, Middlesex and Suffolk counties enlisted 
in the regiment and the following-named persons, with Golonel 
Gushing and Lieutenant Stover, were mustered into the ser- 
vice from Newbvu'yport.4 

Henry Furlong, 29 years of age, painter, enlisted as a pri- 
vate in company B June 3, 1846. 

James Garey, 37 years of age, painter, enlisted as a private 
in company D June 5, 1846. 

Rufus Rand, 26 years of age, trader, first sergeant in 
company A, December 7, 1846. 

William F. Tucker, 19 years of age, shoemaker, a private 
in company G, January 28, 1847. 

1 Newburyport Herald, Fel)ruary 12, 1847. 

* Newburyport Herald, February 19, 1847. 

3 David Brainard Stover, son of Henry and Charlotte Stover, was born in New- 
Ijuryport August 5, 1823. He learned the trade of a goldsmith, and December 3, 
1846, was mustered into service as second lieutenant in company A, of the First 
Massachusetts regiment. At the close of the war he returned to Newburyport 
and soon after the discovery of gold in California went there and worked in 
the mines for several years. He was appointed captain and assistant quarter- 
master of the United States volunteers by President Lincoln, and in 1863 was 
ordered to Salt Lake city. He died there October 24, 1898. 

■• This list is probably incomplete but it has been prepared after consultation with 
Brigadier-General Adolphus W. Greeley, chief signal officer of the United States 
army, and James W. Cheney, librarian of the war department, from the pension 
rolls on tile in Washington, D. C, and from the muster rolls in the adjutant 
general's office in Boston. 



THE MEXICAN WAR 



669 



Daniel M. Felch, 22 years of age, house carpenter, enlisted 
as a private in company D in January, 1 847, and was after- 
wards first sergeant of the company/ 

The regiment was taken in several small transports from 
Boston to the mouth of the Rio Grande, but Colonel Gushing 
went over land, by the way of Charleston, S. G., to New Or- 
leans, where he attended a public dinner given in his honor 
by the members of the New England Society. He joined his 
regiment at Vera Gruz and was promoted to the rank of brig- 
adier general April 14 1847/ 

In June, his brigade, consisting of the Massachusetts regi- 
ment and three mounted battalions, one from Ohio, one from 
New Jersey and one from Georgia, was in the vicinity of 
Monterey. The fourth day of July was celebrated at the head- 
quarters of General Taylor with an oration and a dinner. 
General Taylor presided, Gol. Isaac H. Wright read the 
declaration of independence and Brigadier-General Gushing 
delivered an address appropriate to the occasion.^ 

In August, the Massachusetts regiment, with a company of 
flying artillery, under the command of General Gushing, was 
ordered to join the army under Gen. Winfield Scott at 
Vera Gruz. The city of Mexico was captured on the four- 
teenth day of September. At that date the Massachusetts 
regiment was stationed at Jalapa. Two or three weeks later, 
the brigade, under the command of General Gushing, including 
the Massachusetts and the First Pennsylvania regiments, was 
encamped in the suburbs of the city of Mexico. 

Peace was established between the United States and Mexico 

' Daniel M. Felch, son of Daniel and Olive (Maxwell) Felch, was born in New- 
buryport February 28, 1825. After his return from the Mexican war he resided 
in Haverhill for twenty-five years. 

March 19, 1862, he was mustered into service as second lieutenant of the First 
regiment Massachusetts heavy artillery. He was promoted to first lieutenant 
December ir, 1862, but was obliged to resign six weeks later on account of ill 
health. He returned to Haverhill, where he remained until 1878, when he re- 
moved to Newburyport. He was elected a representative to the General Court 
for the years ending December, 1886, and December, 1887. He died in New- 
buryport February 10, 1898. 

' Lieut. -Col. Isaac H. Wright was appointed colonel of the Massachusetts 
regiment May 27, 1847. 

^ Newburyport Herald, August 6, 1847. 



670 f^^S r OR y OF NE IVB UK \ ^POR T 

by a treaty signed on the second day of February, 1848. Soon 
after that date the Massachusetts regiment was ordered to 
report to the oilficer commanding the United States troops at 
Vera Cruz. From that port the regiment was taken in trans- 
ports to New Orleans, and thence by steamer to Cincinnati 
and by rail to Buffalo, N. Y. 

On the eighteenth day of July the regiment reached Albany 
and the next day arrived in Boston, about seven o'clock P. M., 
and went into camp near the Cambridge crossing. On Sat- 
urday, the twenty-second, the Massachusetts brigade and the 
National Lancers escorted the returned volunteers through the 
principal streets of the city to Faneuil hall where dinner was 
served and speeches made. Col. Charles C. Green presiding. 
The regiment w^as mustered out of service July 25, 1848. 

THE CR'IL WAR. 

The capture of Fort Sumter, April 14, 1861, in the harbor 
of Charleston, S. C, by the Confederate troops, under the 
command of General Beauregard, created intense excitement 
in the state of Massachusetts. In answer to the call 
issued by President Lincoln the next day, for seventy-five 
thousand volunteers, the Eighth regiment of the Massachu- 
setts volunteer miUtia was ordered to march to the defence of 
the capitol, and the city council of Newburyport appropriated 
the sum of one thousand dollars for the support of the wives 
and children of men having a residence in Newburyport and 
reporting for active service in that regiment. 

On the sixteenth day of April, while rain and sleet were 
falling fast, the first detachment of the Gushing Guards, con- 
sisting of twenty members of company A of the Eighth regi- 
ment, left Newburyport for Boston, under the command of 
Capt. Albert W. Bartlett. Two days later, the number was 
increased by the addition of seventy men who responded to 
the call of the president and joined the company at Faneuil 
hall. 

The regiment left Boston on the eighteenth, and reached 
Washington on the twenty-sixth, having, meanwhile, repaired 



THE WAR WITH SPAIN 



671 



the engines and road bed of the AnnapoHs & Elkridge Rail- 
road and opened communication between Philadelphia and the 
capitol. 

Public meetings were held in City hall ; flags were displayed 
on public buildings and private residences ; patriotic speeches 
were made urging Democrats and Republicans to support the 
Union and the constitution ; military companies were speedi- 
ly organized ; committees were chosen to assist the munici- 
pal authorities in enlisting men and procuring fire arms. 

The women of Newburyport organized an association " to 
aid sick and wounded soldiers in the service of the United 
States," and maintained it by contributions of time and money 
from August 14, 1862, until the close of the war. 

Fifteen hundred and eleven men, including one hundred men 
in company B, Fortieth New York Infantry (Mozart regi- 
ment), enlisted in Newburyport from April, 1861, to April, 
1865, and were mustered into the service of the United States, 
making the number of men enhsted two hundred and eighteen 
more than the number called for by the provost-marshal- 
general. Newburyport also supplied the gunboats of the 
navy with two hundred officers and seamen and raised nearly 
one hundred and twenty-five thousand dollars to meet the ex- 
traordinary expenses incurred during the war.' 

THE WAR WITH SPAIN. 

April 19, 1898, the United States senate and house of 
representatives in congress assembled, adopted a resolution 
directing the president to intervene with force, if necessary, to 
stop the war between Spain and the republic of Cuba. The 
next day President McKinley signed the resolution and three 
days later issued a call for one hundred and twenty-five thou- 
sand volunteers for the army. 

Massachusetts furnished four regiments of infantry and 
three heavy batteries. The Eighth regiment of the Massachu- 

1 For a full and detailed account of the men who enlisted in Newburyport and 
served in the army and navy from 1861 to 1865 the reader is referred to a care- 
fully prepared volume entitled "The City of Newburyport in the Civil War," 
by Capt. Ceorge W. Creasey, pulilished in 1903. 



672 ^/'S' TOR Y OF NE WB UR YPORl 

setts volunteer militia responded to the call with great alac- 
rity. Company A, otherwise known as the Gushing Guards, 
Alexander G. Perkins, captain, George H. Dow and George 
W. Langdon, lieutenants, was mustered into the United 
States service, with other companies belonging to the reg- 
iment, on the eleventh day of May, 1898. A few days later, 
the regiment was ordered to report for duty at Chickamauga 
Park, Ga. January 10, 1899, the regiment embarked at 
Savannah, Ga., for Matanzas, Cuba, where it arrived on the 
thirteenth. On the third day of April, it was ordered to return 
to Boston, where it was mustered out of service April 28, 
1899.' 

'For additional details see "The City of Newburyport in the Civil War" 
(Creasey), pp. 501-512. 



APPEINDIX 



COLLECTORS AND DEPUTY COLLECTORS OF CUSTOMS. 

Naval officers were appointed by the provincial auth(n"ities 
as early as 1684 to collect duties on merchandise imported 
into the town of Newbury. After the incorporation of New- 
buryport, in 1764, William Tailer, son of one of the provincial 
governors of Massachusetts, was deputy collector and served 
in that capacity until 1772.' 

The law regulating the collection of duties was repealed, or 
superseded, soon after the declaration of independence by 
an act passed by the General Court providing for the inspec- 
tion of vessels arriving from foreign ports, and on the twenty- 
seventh day of November, 1776, Capt. Michael Hodge was 
elected naval officer for Newburyport.- He served until 1784. 
Jonathan Titcomb succeeded him and held the office for two 
years. In 1786, Michael Hodge was re-elected for one year, 
and Jonathan Titcomb was chosen and served from 1787 to 
1789, inclusive. 3 

When the Federal constitution was adopted, in 1788, the 
state of Massachusetts surrendered its right to regulate com- 
merce and collect duties on merchandise imported.^ Since 
that date the following-named persons have been appointed 
collectors at Newburyport, by the president of the United 
States. 

Stephen Cross from 1789 to 1792 

Edward Wigglesworth " 1 792 to i 795 
Dudley A. Tyng " 1795 to 1803 

Ralph Cross " 1S03 to 1811 

Joseph Marquand " 1 8 1 1 to 1 82 1 

' See chapter XIL, p. 449 note. 

- Province Laws, voL V., p. 688. 

•' Fleet's Almanack and Massachusetts Register. 

* Feb. 6, 1790, the General Court passed an act repealing " An act establishing 
naval offices in this Commonwealth " and repealing the laws regulating the fees 
and clerical work of that office. 

675 



676 APPENDIX 

James Prince from 1821 to 1829 

Solomon H. Currier " Feb. to July, 1829 

Samuel Phillips " July, 1829 to 184 1 

Henry W. Kinsman " 1841 to 1845 

William Nichols " 1845 to 1849 

Henry W. Kinsman " 1849 to 1853 

James Blood " 1853 to 1861 

Enoch G. Currier " 1861 to 1870 

William H.H use " 1870 to 1886 

George W. Jackman " 1 886 to 1 890 

Thomas C. Simpson " 1890 to 1892 

Hiram P. Mackintosh " 1892 

The office of deputy collector was probably not established 
until 1 84 1. Since that date the following-named persons, 
appointed by the collectors of the port, have served as deputy 
collectors. 

Thomas W. Burnham from 1841 to 1861 
Daniel P. Pike " 1861 to 1886 

Charles W. Davenport " 1886 to 189 1 
Arthur L. Huse " 1891 

In 1833, the United States government purchased, of Wil- 
liam Hervey, John Orne, Mary Harrod and others, land on 
Water street, near the foot of State street, and erected in 1835 
a substantial stone building which has been used as a custom 
house since that date.' 

The corner-stone of this building was laid October 24, 1834 
At that date Andrew Jackson was president, Martin Van 
Buren, vice president, John Davis, governor of Massachusetts, 
and Gayton P. Osgood, representative to congress from the 
Third Massachusetts district. The custom-house officers were 
as follows : — 

Samuel Phillips Collector 

Benjamin Stickney Naval officer 

Nathaniel Jackson Surveyor 

John Phillips ^ 

John Morss )■ Inspectors 

Charles Titcomb J 

Samuel Walker Weigher & Gauger 

Joseph Marquand Measurer 

' " Ould Newbury," p. 161. 



APPENDIX 



677 



The building was erected under the supervision of Robert 
Mills, architect, by William Palmer and Daniel Hazelton, 
master builders and contractors.' 



1 From a written communication, addressed to Daniel Hazelton, Esq., by Nathan- 
iel Jackson, now in the possession of Arthur L. Huse, deputy collector, endorsed 
" Copies of the addresses to Posterity deposited under the corner stone of the 
Custom House at Newburyport." 



II 



REPRESENTATIVES TO THE GENERAL COURT 
Elected by tlie IiUiabitants of Neivburyport. 



Sessions 
May 30, 
May 29, 
May 28, 
May 27, 
May 25, 
May 31, 
May 30, 
May 29, 
May 27, 
May 26, 
May 25, 
October 
July 19, 
May 29, 



beginning 
1764 
1765 
1766 

1767 

176S 

1769 

1770^ 

1771 

1772 

1773 

17743 

5, 17743 

17754 

1776 



May 28, 1777 
May 27, 1778 
May 26, I 779 
May 31, 1780 



Jonathan 

Moses 
Jonathan 

Moses 
Jonathan 

comb, 
Jonathan 

Cross, 
Jonathan 

Cross, 



Repiese/tfafives ' 
Daniel Famham. 
Dudley Atkins. 
Benjamin Greenleaf. 
Benjamin Greenleaf. 
Benjamin Greenleaf. 
Jonathan Greenleaf. 
Benjamin Greenleaf. 
Jonathan Greenleaf. 
Jonathan Greenleaf. 
Jonathan Greenleaf. 
Jonathan Greenleaf. 
. Jonathan Greenleaf. 
Jonathan Greenleaf, Stephen Cross. 
Jackson, Tristram Dalton, John Lowell, 
Little, Edward Wigglesworth. 
Greenleaf, Jonathan Jackson, Stephen Cross, 
Frazier, Jacob Boardman. 
Greenleaf, Stephen Cross, Jonathan Tit- 
Moses Frazier. 

Greenleaf, Jonathan Titcomb, Stephen 
Moses Frazier, Theophilus Parsons.' 

Greenleaf, Jonathan Titcomb, Stephen 
Moses Frazier, Theophilus Parsons.'' 



' The representatives in this list are of Newburyport unless otherwise designated. 

•^ This session of the General Court was held in Harvard college at Cambridge 
June II, 1770. (See History of Newbury (Currier), p. 682, note.) Benjamin Green- 
leaf having been elected councillor, Jonathan Greenleaf was chosen to represent 
Newburyport at the sessions held in the months of July and September following. 

•* History of Newbury (Currier), p. 682 note. 

"* This session of the General Court was held in the meeting house at Water- 
town. 

* June 16, 1780, the inhabitants of the State of Massachusetts adopted a new 
constitution, to take effect the last Wednesday in October. The General Court 
remained in session until October twenty-third, when it was dissolved by the 
governor. 



678 



APPENDIX 



679 



October 25, i 780 



May 30, 


781 


May 29, 


782 


May 28, 


783 


May 26, 


784 


May 25, 


7«5 


May 31, 


786 


May 30, 


787 


May 28, 


788 



May 27, 

May 26, 

May 25, 

May 30, 
May 29, 
May 28, 
May 27, 
May 25, 
May 31, 
May 30, 
May 29, 



789 

790 
791 

792 

793 
794 
795 
796 

797 
798 

799 



Jonathan Greenleaf,' Jonathan Titcomb, Nathaniel 

Tracy. 
Jonathan Titcomb, Moses F>azier, Nathaniel Tracy. 
Nathaniel Tracy, Jonathan Titcomb, Tristram Dalton!^ 
Jonathan Titcomb, ^ Stephen Cross, Tristram Dalton." 
Tristram Dalton,3 Rufus King. 
Tristram Dalton, Edward Wigglesworth, Rufus King.*- 
. Jonathan Titcomb, Stephen Cross.+ 
Jonathan Greenleaf,5 Theophilus Parsons."^ 
Jonathan Greenleaf,^^ Theophilus Parsons,' William 

Coombs, Jonathan Marsh. 
Jonathan Greenleaf, Theophilus Parsons, Jonathan 
Marsh. 

Theophilus Parsons, Jonathan Marsh." 
Jonathan Greenleaf, Theophilus Parsons^ Jonathan 
Marsli. 

Enoch Titcomb, Jr., Stephen Cross, John Mycall. 

Enoch Titcomb, Jr. 
Enoch Titcomb, Jr. 
Enoch Titcomb, Jr. 
Enoch Titcomb, Jr. 
Enoch Titcomb, Jr. 
Enoch Titcomb. 
Enoch Titcomb, William Coombs, Jonathan Marsh, 
Joshua Carter. 



1 November 27, 1780, Moses Frazier was chosen representative in place of Jon- 
athan Greenleaf elected senator. 

' July 9, 1783, Rufus King was chosen representative to the General Court in 
place of Jonathan Titcomb who had been appointed, previous to that date, naval 
ofificer in the custom house at Newburyport. (Newburyport Town Records, vol. I., 
p. 409.) 

^ August 17, 17S4, Stephen Cross was chosen representative to the General 
Court in place of Tristram Dalton who was elected state senator. 

■* Stephen Cross, having been appointed collector of Impost and Excise for the 
Eastern district of the county of Essex, and Jonathan Titcomb having been re-ap- 
pointed naval officer in the custom house, Dr. Daniel Kilham and Capt. John 
Fletcher were chosen, September 17, 1786, representatives to the General Court 
for the remainder of the year endmg May, 1787. (Newburyport Town Records, 
vol. I., p. 474.) 

'" Jonathan Greenleaf having been elected councillor, Dr. Daniel Kilham was 
chosen, June 18, 1787, to serve in his place as representative to the General Court. 
(Newburyport Town Records, vol. I., p. 493.) 

* Mr. Greenleaf was again elected councillor, and resigned his seat in the 
house of representatives, which remained vacant after September seventeenth. 
(Newburyport Town Records, vol. I., p. 522.) 

' Jonathan Greenleaf was elected repre.sentative to this session of the General 
Court, but was subsequently chosen state senator and his seat in the house of 
representatives remained vacant until the close of the legislative year. 



68o APPENDIX 

May 28, 1800 Enoch Titcomb, William Coombs, Jonathan Marsh, 

Joshua Carter, WilHam Bartlet. 

May 27, 1 80 1 William Coombs, Jonathan Marsh, William Bartlet, 

George Bradbury. 

May 26, I 802 William Coombs, Jonathan Marsh, William Bartlet, 

George Bradbury. 

May 25, 1803 Jonathan Marsh, Jeremiah Nelson, Nicholas Johnson, 

Thomas Carter, Thomas M. Clark, Mark Fitz. 

May 30, 1804 Jonathan Marsh, Jeremiah Nelson, Nicholas Johnson, 

Thomas Carter, Thomas M. Clark, Mark Fitz. 

May 29, 1805 Jonathan Marsh, Edward St. Loe Livermore, Nicho- 

las Pike, Edward Little, Andrew Frothingham, 
Jonathan Gage, Bishop Norton. 

May 28, 1806 Mark Fitz, Edward St. Loe Livermore, Edward Lit- 

tle, Andrew Frothingham, Jonathan Gage, Stephen 
Howard, John Pearson. 

May 27, 1807 Mark Fitz, Edward Little, Andrew Frothingham, Jon- 

athan Gage, Stephen Howard, John Pearson. 

May 25, 1808 Mark Fitz, Thomas M. Clark, Andrew Frothingham, 

Jonathan Gage, Stephen Howard, John Pearson, 
Abner Wood, John Peabody. 

May 31, 1809 Mark Fitz, Joseph DanaJ Andrew Frothingham, Jona- 

than Gage, Stephen Howard, John Pearson, Abner 
Wood, John Peabody. 

May 30, 1810 Mark Fitz, Joseph Dana, Andrew Frothingham, Jon- 

athan Gage, Stephen Howard, John Peabody, 
Ebenezer Gunnison, Samuel H. Foster, William B. 
Bannister. ^ 

May 29, 181 1 Mark Fitz, Andrew Frothingham, Jonathan Gage, 

Stephen Howard, Ebenezer Gunnison, Samuel H. 
Foster, William B. Bannister, Isaac Adams, Isaac 
Stone. 

May 27, 1 81 2 Jonathan Gage, Stephen Howard, Ebenezer Gunni- 

son, William B. Bannister, Isaac Adams, Isaac 
Stone, William Chase, Samuel L. Knapp, Samuel 
Newman. 

May 26, 1 81 3 Jonathan Gage, Stephen Howard, William B. Bannis- 

ter, Issac Adams, Isaac Stone, W^illiam Chase, 
Samuel L. Knapp, Samuel Newman. 
May 25, 1814 Jonathan Gage, Stephen Howard, Isaac Adams, Isaac 

Stone, William Chase, Samuel L. Knapp, Samuel 
Newman. 
May 31, 1 81 5 Jonathan Gage, Stephen Howard, Isaac Adams, Wil- 

Ham Chase, Jr., Samuel L. Knapp, Ebenezer Mose- 
ley, Edward S. Rand. 



APPENDIX 



68i 



May 29, 1 8 16 Jonathan Gage, Stephen Howard, Isaac Adams, Wil- 

Ham Chase, Jr., Samuel L. Knapp, Ebenezer Mose- 

ley, Edward S. Rand. 
May 28, 1 81 7 . . Stephen Howard, Ebenezer Moseley. 

May 27, 1818 . . Stephen Howard, Ebenezer Moseley. 

May 26, 1 819 Stephen Howard, Ebenezer Moseley,' Abner Wood, 

George Jenkins, Edward S. Rand, Stephen W. 

Marston. 
May 31, 1820 . . . Stephen Howard, Stephen W. Marston. 

May 30, 1 82 1 . . . Stephen W. Marston, Abner Wood. 

May 29, 1822 . . . Stephen W. Marston, Abner Wood. 

May 28, 1823 ..... John Merrill, John Coffin. 

May 26, 1824 ..... John Merrill, John Coffin. 

May 25, 1825 . John Coffin, Caleb Gushing, Ebenezer Shillaber. 

May 31, 1826 ..... John Coffin, Robert Cross. ^ 

May 30, 1827 . WiUiam Farris, Stephen W. Marston.'' 

May 28, 1828 William Farris, Stephen W. Marston, Caleb Gushing," 

Ebenezer Bradbury, Whittingham Gilman. 
May 27, 1829 William Farris, Stephen W. Marston^ Charles H. 

Balch, Abner Wood, Henry Frothingham, William 

S. Allen. 
May 26, 1830 William Farris, Stephen W. Marston, Charles H. 

Balch, George Lunt, Henry Frothingham, Ebene- 
zer Bradbury. 
May 25, 1831 William Farris, Charles H. Balch, Thomas M. Clark, 

William Davis, William S. Allen. 
January 4, 1832 William Farris, Charles H. Balch, Thomas M. Clark, 

William Davis, William S.Allen, Moses P. Parish. •- 
January 2, 1833 William Farris, Charles H. Balch, WiUiam Davis, 

William S. Allen, Moses P. Parish^ Caleb Gushing.'' 
January 1, 1834 William Farris, Charles H. Balch, William Davis, 

William S.Allen, Caleb Gushing, Ebenezer Moseley.' 
January 7, 1835 Charles H. Balch, WiUiam Davis, William S. Allen, 

Ebenezer Moseley, Tristram Coffin, Solomon H. 

Currier. 
January 6, 1836 Charles H. Balch, Ebenezer Moseley, Solomon H. 

Currier. 
January 4, 1837 . . Isaac Stone, Charles H. Balch, George Lunt. 

January 3, 1838 Joseph B. Morss. 

January 2, 1839 Joseph B. Morss, Henry W. Kinsman, Thomas M. 

Clark, Samuel S. Plummer. 
January i, 1840 Joseph B. Morss, John M. Cooper, James Blood, 

Joseph Couch. 
January 6, 1841 Ebenezer Bradbury, Frederick J. Coffin, George Lunt 



682 



APPENDIX 



January 5 
January 4 
January 3 

January 1 
January 7 
January 6 
January 5 
January 3 

January 2 
January i 
January 7 
January 5 
January 4 
January 3 

January 2 

January 7 
January 6 



1S42 

1843 
1844 



1845 
1846 

1 84 7 
1 848 
1849 

1850 
1 85 1 
1852 

1853 
1854 
1855 

1856 

1857 
1858 



Isaac H. Boardman, William Davis, Henry C. Perkins. 
John M. Cooper, EchvardToppan, Jr., Nathaniel Foster. 
Isaac H. Boardman, Ebenezer Bradbury, Charles H. 

Balch. 

Frederick J. Coffin, John Coombs, Benjamin R. Knapp. 

(No representatives chosen.) 

Ebenezer Bradbury, Caleb Cushing.' 

Ebenezer Bradbury. 

Ebenezer Bradbury, Henry W. Kinsman, Ralph C. 

Huse. 
Jeremiah Colman, Ralph C. Huse, Mark Symonds. 
Jeremiah Colman, Edward Toppan, Jr., Isaac Stevens. 
Isaac H. Boardman, Moses Davenport, Amos Wood. 
William E. Currier, Moses Davenport, Amos Wood. 
William E. Currier, Henry W. Kinsman, Amos Wood. 
William H. Huse, Daniel M. Reed, Joshua D. Rob- 
inson. 
William H. Huse, Daniel M. Reed, Joshua D. Rob- 
inson. 
Thomas Atwood, Hervey Kimball, David Wood. 
Eighteenth Essex district . . Caleb Cushing. 

Nineteenth " " Richard S. Spofford, Jr. 

First " " Robert W. Patten, Amesbury. 

Benjamin Evans, Sahsbury. 
Eighteenth " " . . Caleb Cushing. 

Nineteenth " " Richard S. Spofford, Jr. 

First " " . Winthrop O. Evans. 

Elbridge M. Morse, Amesbury, 
Eighteenth " " . John Woodwell, Jr. 

Nineteenth " " . Enoch S. Williams. 

First " " Elbridge G. Colby, Amesbury. 

Timothy S. Robinson, Salisburv. 
Eighteenth " " . George Goodwin. 

Nineteenth " " . Frederick J. Coffin. 

First ii. u Joshua Hale. 

William S. Pettingill, Sahsbury. 
Eighteenth u " . Caleb Cushing. 

Nineteenth ^^ u Albert Currier. 

First " " Patten Sargent, Amesbury. 

Joseph Morrill, Salisbury. 

Mr. Cushing resigned on the first day of February and Hon. George Lunt was 
elected to fill the vacancy. 

2 In 1857, the state was divided into representative districts. Wards one and 
two of the city of Newburyport were in the Eighteenth Essex district, wards 
three, four and five in the Nineteenth district, and ward six, with the towns of 
Amesbury and Salisbury, in the First Essex district. 



January 5, 1859 



January 4, i 860 



January 2, 1861 



January 1 , 1 862 



APPENDIX 



68- 



January 7, 1S63 

January 6, 1 864 

January 4, 1865 

January 3, 1866 

January 2, 1867 
January i, 1868 

January 6, i 869 

January 5, 1870 
January 4, 1871 
Januar}' 3, 1872 
January 1, 1873 
January 7, 1874 

January 6, 1875 

January 5, 1876 



Eighteenth Essex distr 

Nineteenth " 
First " 

Eighteenth " 

Nineteenth " 

First " 

Eighteenth " ' 

Nineteenth " ' 

First " ' 

Eighteenth " ' 

Nineteenth " ' 

First " ' 

Sixth Essex district 



t( i( 



U (I 



rict, . . Caleb Cushing. 

George J. George. 

John D. Pike. 

John A. Cowden, Amesbury. 

George Goodwin. 

. Albert W. Stevens. 

Aaron Morrill, Jr., Sahsbury. 

James D. Pike, Amesbury. 

. Thomas C. Goodwin. 

Albert W. Stevens. 

. Henry W. Moulton. 

Edward I\ Wallace, Salisbury. 

. Thomas C. Goodwin. 

Richard S. Spofford, Jr. 

James W. Briggs, Amesbury. 

Charles E. Osgood, Salisbury. 

Eben F. Stone, Rufus Adams, 

George W. Woodwell. 
George W. Jackman, Jr., 
George W. Woodwell, Rufus 
Adams. 
David T. Woodwell, Horace 
Choate, Joseph N. Rolfe, 
Newbury, 
David T. Woodwell, Horace 
Choate, George J. L. Colby. 
Nathaniel Pierce, Moses H. 
Fowler, (^eorge J. L. Colby. 
Robert Couch, George W. 

Clark, William Cushing. 
Robert Couch, George W. 
Clark, Benjamin C. Currier. 
Joseph B. Morss, Benjamin 
C. Currier, Elbridge G. Kel- 
ley. 
Benjamin C. Currier, Michael 
Atkinson, Daniel D. Bailey, 
Newbury. 
Michael Atkinson, Caleb B. 
Huse, Daniel D. Bailey, 
Newburv. 



' In 1866, the representative districts were revised. Newbury and Newburyport 
were united to form the Sixth Essex district and were authorized to elect three 
representatives. 



684 




January 3, 


1877 


January 2, 


1878 


Januarj- i, 


1879 


Januarj' 7, 


1880 


January 5, 


1881 


January 4, 


1882 


January 3, 


1883 


January 2, 


1884 


January 7, 


1885 


January 6, 


1886 


January 5, 


1887 


January 4, 


1888 


January 2, 


1889 


January i, 


1890 


January 7, 


1891 


January 6, 


1892 


January 4, 


1893 


January 3, 


1894 


January 2, 


1895 


January i, 


1896 



APPENDIX 

877 ■ Sixteenth Essex district Eben F. Stone, Caleb B. 

Huse. 

Eben F. Stone, John W. 
Ricker. 

Benjamin F. Atkinson, Sam- 
son Levy. 

Eben F. Stone, Amos Coffin. 

Edward P. Shaw, Amos 
Coffin. 

Edward P. Shaw, John P. 
Coombs. 

Thomas C. Simpson, John 
P. Coombs. 

Henry M. Cross, George P. 
Bishop. 

Henry M. Cross, Willard J. 
Hale. 

Edward A. Moseley, Daniel 
M. Felch. 

Edward A. Moseley, Daniel 
M. Felch. 

Edward P. Shaw, Luther 
Dame, Newbury. 

Edward P. Shaw, Luther 
Dame, Newbury. 

Arthur C. Richardson, Lu- 
ther Dame, Newbury. 

Arthur C. Richardson, Na- 
than N. Withington. 

Arthur C. Richardson, Na- 
than N. Withington. 

Oliver B. Merrill, Eben S. 
Dole. 

Oliver B. Merrill, Edward A. 
Hale. 

Edward A. Hale, Caleb B. 
Huse. 

Caleb B. Huse, Charles O. 
Bailey, Newbury. 



887 - Eighth Essex district 



1 In 1876, the representative districts were again revised, and Newbury and 
Newburyport, composing the Sixteenth Essex district, were authorized to elect two 
representatives. 

^ In the revision of 1886, Newbury and Newburyport formed the Eighth Essex 
district, and were entitled to two representatives. 



APPENDIX 



6S5 



January 6, 1897' Twenty-second Essex district Charles P. Mills, 

Charles O. Bailey, Newbury. 
Second Essex district Nelson P. Cummino^s, Merrimac. 

January 5, 1898 Twenty-second Essex district Charles P. Mills, 

Warren Boynton, Ipswich. 

Second Essex district . Benjamin F. Stanley. 

January 4, 1899 Twenty-second Essex district Charles P. Mills, 

Francis U. Henderson, Rowley. 

Second Essex district . Benjamin F. Stanley. 

January 3, 1900 Twenty-second Essex district . Charles P. Mills, 

Francis D. Henderson, Rowley. 

Second Essex district John Q. A. Pettingill, Salisbury. 

January 2, 1901 Twenty-second Essex district . Moody Kimball, 

John A. Brown, Ipswich. 

Second Essex district John Q. A. Pettingill, Salisbury. 

January i, 1902 Twenty-second Essex district . Moody Kimball, 

George A. Schofield, Ipswich. 

Second Essex district Richard Newell, West Newbury. 

January 7, 1903 Twenty-second Essex district . Moody Kimball, 

George A. Schofield, Ipswich. 

Second Essex district Richard Newell, West Newbury. 

January 6, 1904 Twenty-second Essex district . Thomas Huse, 

George A. Schofield, Ipswich. 

Second Essex district George A. Titcomb, Merrimac. 

January 4, 1905 Twenty-second Essex district . Thomas Huse, 

George A. Schofield, Ipswich. 

Second Essex district George A. Titcomb, Merrimac. 

January 3, 1906 Twenty-second Essex district . Clarence J. Fogg, 

John W. Goodhue, Ipswich. 
Second Essex district Samuel J. Coffin, West Newbury. 

' In the revision of 1896, wards one, two, three, four and five of the city of 
Newburyport, with the towns of Newbury, Rowley and Ipswich, were made the 
Twenty-second Essex district and authorized to elect two representatives. Ward 
six of the city of Newburyport, with the towns of West Newbury, Merrimac and 
Salisbury, were in the Second Essex district, and entitled to one representative. 



686 



APPENDIX 





III. 










TOWN CLERKS. 






Stephen Sewall 


from Februar) 


• I, 


1764 to 1776 


Nicolas Pike 


" March 


M, 


1776 


1780 


Michael Hodge 


" March 


9> 


1780 


1790. 


Enoch Titcomb, Jr 


March 


9. 


1790 


1797. 


Robert Long 


" March 


-->-^ 


1797 


1 806 


John Fitz 


" March 


19. 


1806 


1812 


William Work 


" March 


18, 


1812 


1816 


Samuel Cutler 


" March 


7, 


1816 


1820 


John Fitz 


" March 


13, 


1820 ' 


1821 


Samuel Cutler 


" March 


12, 


1 82 1 


' 1822 


John Fitz 


" March 


12, 


1822 


' 1831 


Eleazer Johnson 


" March 
CITY CLEKKS. 


25, 


1831 


' 1851 



Eleazer Johnson from 

George H. Stevens " 



June 24, 1851 
March 7, 1870. 



to 



1870. 



ASSISTANT CITY CLERKS. 

WiUiam H. H. Bradbury from February 4, 1867 to 1868.' 

Edward F. Bartlett " February 3, 1868 to 1869.2 

Edward F. Bartlett " January 4, 1869 to 1870.3 

George H. Stevens " January 3 to March 7, 1870.4 
Henry W. Little " January 4, 1897. 



1 Appointed by Hon. Eben F. Stone, mayor. 

2 Appointed by Hon. Nathaniel Pierce, mayor. 
■' Elected by the board of mayor and aldermen. 

^ Mr. Stevens was elected city clerk March 7, 1870, in place of Eleazer John- 
son, deceased, and the office of assistant city clerk remained vacant until January 
4. 1897. 



APPEXDIX 



687 



IV. 



TOWN TREASURERS. 



Nathaniel Carter 
Daniel Dole 
Cutting Mood)' 
David Moody 
Moses Frazier 
David Moody 
Enoch Titcomb ' 
Samuel Tenney 
Benjamin Whitmore 
Solomon H. Currier 
John Porter 
Isaac Stone 
Moses Merrill 
Jonathan Coolidge 



from 



Februa 


ry 8, 


1 764, 


March 


18, 


1765 


u 


■-> n 


1 769 


" 


•4, 


1776 


(( 


18, 


I 782 


" 


5-, 


>7'^3 


" 


ID, 


1784 


u 


(\ 


181 1 


11 


18, 


1812 


" 


6, 


1 81 7 


" 


10, 


1823 


» 


28, 


1832 


" 


23, 


1835 


May 


I, 


1S43 



to 



1765 
1769 
1776 

1782 

I7-S3 
.784 

181 1 

1812 

1 81 7 

1S23 

1832 

1835 

1843 
I 8c I 



CITY TREASURERS. 



Jonathan Coolidge 


from 


June^ 24, 


185, 


to 


1852. 


Daniel Granger 


u 


January 5, 


1852 


" 


1870. 


Albert W. Greenleaf 


a 


3> 


1870 


u 


1876. 


George W. Piper 


" 


May 9, 


1876 


" 


1883. 


James V. Felker 


" 


January i, 


1883. 







1 " Major Enoch Titcomb " was elected annually from March, 1784, to March, 
1790, and " Enoch Titcomb, Jr.," according to the town record, from March, 
1790, to March, 181 1. 



688 



APPENDIX 



V. 



ADDITIONS AND CORRECTIONS. 

The second line of the third paragraph on page 19 should 
read as follows : " adopted by the General Court, and the town 
of Newbury was ". 

The census reports printed on pages 160 and 161 give the 
population of Newburyport from the incorporation of the town 
in 1764 to the year 1900. The census taken in 1905, by the 
state of Massachusetts gives the number of inhabitants and the 
legal voters in the several wards of the city as follows : — 



Ward I Number of inhab 



tants 2423 legal voters 










2149 " 


" 479 


3 






2705 " 


" 728 


4 






2302 " 


" 579 


5 






2367 " 


" 550 


6 






2729 " 


" 731 



Total; 



14,675 



3,756 



The number of persons registered in Newburyport, and 
entitled to vote at the state election in November, 1905, was' 
3,242. 

S. Herbert Wilkins of Salem, Mass. (not Herbert A. W'il- 
kins, as printed on pages 167 and 168), is the owner of the old 
fashioned hall clock made by Samuel Mulliken of Newburyport. 

The name, Edmund W. Rand, in the nineteenth line from 
the top of page 191, should read Edward W. Rand. 



APPENDIX 689 

Since the chapter on churches and pastors, pages 252 to 308, 
inckisive, was printed, some changes have occurred and some 
minor errors noted, as follows : — 

November 2, 1905, Rev. LesUe C. Greeley was installed 
pastor of the Whitefield Congregational Church, and, Novem- 
ber 16, 1905, Rev. Laurence Hayward was installed pastor of 
the First Religious Society of Newburyport. 

The name of ^" Meneneely & Co." in the third line from the 
top of page 263 should read Meneely & Co. 

The following sentence should be added to the fourth note 
on page 264 : " The ordination services were held in Grace 
Church, Boston." 

Lady Selina Huntingdon (not Huntington as printed on 
pages 280 and 282) was the daughter of Washington Shirley, 
earl of Ferrers. She married Theophilus Hastings, earl of 
Huntingdon, and became deeply interested in the work of 
Wesley and Whitefield. She founded a seminary at Trevecca, 
in Wales, where candidates for the ministry were educated 
at her expense. 

Mr. George Haskell gave to the city of Newburyport, by his 
will proved September 6, 1904, the sum of one thousand dol- 
lars, the income to be used for the purchase of books for the 
public library. This sum was paid to the city treasurer 
November 6, 1905, and Mr. Haskell's name should be added 
to the list of donors of the library printed on pages 526 and 
527. 



INDEX 



INDEX 



AARON, 473. 

^»- Abbie Carver (bark), 467. 
Abbott, Amos, 444. 

Andrew M., 226. 

Rev. A. R., 298. 

Maj. Edward W., 667. 

Wilbur, 226. 
Abdel Kader (bark), 467. 
Abel, Death of, 492. 
Abraham, Plains of, 387. 
Abraham Williams fund, 526. 
Academies, 322, 325, 326, 487, 4S9, 

492, 497. 
Academy, Newburyport, 322, 325, 326. 
Academy of Arts and Sciences, Ameri- 
can, 487, 489. 
Academy building, 15S, 326. 
Academy, French, 492. 
Acadians, 36, 37, 39. 
Acadie, 36. 

Accidence, Latin, 486. 
'' Accidence," "The 'S'oung Lady's," 

.315. 316. 
Accident to Chain bridge, 370. 
Accounts, 380. 

School for, 316. 
Act of incorporation of Newlniryport, 

21. 

Amendment of, 58. 
Actions at law, 364. 
Active (ship), 240. 
Actors, Amateur, 158. 
Adam, 491. 

Adam W. Spies (bark), 470. 
Adams, Charles Francis, 418. 

Enoch C, 440. 
■ Isaac, 680, 681. 

John, 295, 350, 540. 

President John, 109, iio, 421. 

Rev. John, 294. 

John "Q., 508. 

John Quincy, loi, 154, 156, 273, 
410. 

President John Quincy, 418, 435. 
Visit of, 418. 

Rev. Joseph, 270. 

Rev. Paul S., 290. 

Capt. R., 170. 

Rufus, 683. 

Samuel, 50, 94, 96, 98. 

Capt. Silas, 586. 

Capt. T., 107, 
Adams street, 358. 

Address to president of the United 
States, 109. 



Addresses, 186, 187, 203, 247, 257, 
261, 294, 326, 328, 330, 410-412, 
415, 416, 418, 419, 421-425, 430, 
432, 435-443, 445-44S, 524, 666, 
669. 

"Addresses to Posterity," 677. 
Adeline (ship), 175. 
Adelphi street, 332, 354, 355. 
Adjutant general's otifice, 654, 659, 
660, 668. 

Admirality, 43. 

Adonis (Swedish brig), 656. 

Advent Christian church, 303, 304. 

Advent church, 303. 

Adventure (brigantine), 641. 

Advertisements, 30, 31, 78, 79, 123, 
146, 147, 157-159, 167,169, 170, 
311, 312, 316, 347, 348, 368, 
369, 388, 390-392, 395, 396, 
484, 505, 518. 

Advertiser, 500. 

Advocate, The, 5 1 7. 

Adzes, 539. 

Agate (bark), 467. 

Agricultural products, 419, 596. 

Agriculture, 13, 483. 

Aisle, Broad, 54^. 

Akerman, Joseph, 175. 

Akin, J., 480, 481. 

Akyab, India, 237. 

Alabama (ship), 236-238. 

Alabama claims, 235-237. 

Alarm posts, 654. 

Albany, N. Y., 321, 324, 582, 670. 

Albatross (United States ship;, 236. 

Albert Currier (ship), 463. 

Albert Edward (ship), 466. 

Albeit 11. Cross (schooner), 470. 

Albert Russell (bark), 469. 

Albert T. Stearns (schooner), 46S. 

Alcoholic preparations, 187. 

Aldermen, 191, 209, 228, 336, 338, 
347, 348, 349, 406, 524, 686. 

Aldrich, Rev. Jonathan, 290. 

Ale, 146, 589. 

Alexander, William, 296. 

"■Alfred, an Epic Poem,'' 498. 

Alfred (ship), 60 r, 602. 

Alga?, 213. 

Alger, Rev. Frank '^^)..'305. 

Algiers, 492. 

Algonquin (bark), 460. 

Allen, Charles Dexter, 492. 
Rev. E. W., 278. 
Ephraim W., 497, '498, 507, 509. 



^93 



694 



INDEX 



Allen, continued. 

F. W., 499. 

Horatio G., 498. 

Miss Lucy C., 324. 

Capt. Nathaniel, 66. 

William B., 497, 512. 

William S., 509, 681. 

William S., esq., 434. 
Allen & Barnard, 509. 
Allen & Stickney, 509. 
Allen, William B., & Co., 498. 
Allen street, 332, 334. 
Alley, Mrs. Frank, 465. 
Alley, 355. 

Alliance (frigate), 603, 604. 
Alliance (ship), 605, 606. 
Alliance (vessel), 629. 
Alma (bark), 460. 
Almanacs, 483. 
Almira (brig), 459. 
Almshouse, 143-145, 183, 185, 199, 

245-247. 
Alna, Me., 192. 
Altar cloths, 264. 
Altar, Marble, 303. 
Amaranth (ship), 459. 
Amazon (English transport), 661. 
Amazonian (bark), 237. 
Ambassador, Turkish, 661. 
Amelia (schooner), 466. 
America, 43, 52, 238, 243, 265, 274, 
316, 369^ 379, 381. 416, 429, 
441, 451. 473. 479, 483, 485, 
488, 518, 533, 568, 585, 603, 
613, 618, 620, 621, 624, 630, 
633, 652, 661. 
American Academy of Arts and Sci- 
ences, 77, 4S7, 489. 
American Antiquarian Society, 62, 79, 

259, 267, 471, 480. 
American armed vessels, 580. 
American army, 581, 667. 
American Board of Foreign Missions, 

275- 
"American Book Plates," 492. 
American Coast Pilot, 150, 151, 493. 
American colonies, 536, 59S, 601. 
American commerce, 82, 11 1, 558. 

Destruction of, 558. 
American Eagle (ship), 492. 
American Eagle, Sign of the, ''390. 
American envoys, 109. 
American flag, 106, 236, 456. 
"American Harmony." "The," 476, 

478. 
American house, 394. 
American independence, 50, 1S6, 430- 

433, 438, 439, 483, 498. 
"American Latin Grammar," 485. 
American lyceum, 440. 
American magnetic telegraph, 201. 
American people, 520. 



American periodicals, 512. 

American Philosophical Society of Phil- 
adelphia, 77. 

American ports, 103. 

American property, 108. 

American Sentinel and Essex North 
Record, 516. 

American trade and commerce, 551. 

American travellers, 496. 

American vessels, 114, 235, 236. 

Americans, 54, 450, 577. 

Ames, Voise, 90. 
Serg. William, 540. 

Amesbury, Mass., 28, 31, 95, 148, 153, 
205, 208, 222, 229, 239, 241, 376, 
403, 405-407, 413, 440, 447, 484. 
503,511, 513, 515, 551,562,661, 
682, 683. 

Amesbury artillery, 433. 

Amesbury ferry, 413. 

Amity (ship), 461. 

Ammunition, 548, 559, 565, 569, 604, 
610, 613, 630, 635, 636, 654.. 
656. 

Amory, Jesse, 540. 

Amsterdam, 633. 

Amusements, 313, 439. 

Anarchy, 1 15. 

Anchors, 557. 

Anderson, John, 580. 
Col. John, 194. 
Philander, 185, 205. 

Andover, Mass., 55, 382, 444, 484. 

Andrews, Mrs. David A., 165, 167. 
John, 520. 
Rev. John, 102, 167, 253, 255, 256, 

338, 431, 432, 486. 

Thomas, 90. 

William, 487. 

William L., 428. 
Andrews', Mr., meeting house, 430. 
A. N. Franklin (bark), 466. 
Angola (bark), 459. 
Ann, Cape, 66, 559, 610, 620, 625, 629, 

655- 

Lighthouses on, 66. 
Ann street, 332, 354. 
Anna (brig), 239. 
Anna F. Schmidt (ship), 237. 
Anna Jaques hospital, 241-244. 

association, 241, 245. 
Annah (brig), 202. 
Annapolis & Elkridge railroad, 671. 
Annexation of part of Newbury to 

Newburyport, 204, 333, 335. 
Annie Buckman (bark), 465. 
Annie Hooper (schooner), 469. 
Anniversary celebrations, 257, 303, 

426, 433, 441-444- 
Antelope (ship), 646. 
Anthems. 427, 476, 478, 479. 
Antigua, 627, 631, 663. 



INDEX 



695 



Anvil rock, 207. 
"Aphorisms on Man," 492. 
Apparel, 2S2. 
Appleton, , 494. 

Benjamin A., 511. 

Nathan, 149, 

Nathaniel, 511. 
Appleton, Gen. James, Post No. 128, 

G. A. R., 440. 
Apropos (negro), 72. 
Aqueduct, Newburyport, company, 

229. 
Arab (ship), 465. 
Arbitrators, 235. 
Arch, 416. 

Architects, 130, 255, 677. 
Arctic expedition, 447. 
Argus (brig), 653. 
Ariel (ship), 459, 605. 
Ariel (French ship-of-war), 604. 
Arithmetic, 309-312, 315, 31 7. 32 7- 
"Arithmetic," "A New System of Mer- 
cantile," 494. 

Pike's, 311. 

School, 309. 

Walsh's, 316, 494, 495. 
Arithmetics, 309, 311, 316, 487-489, 

494, 495- 
Ark (brig), 202. 
Arlington street, 245. 
Armenia (bark), 460. 
Armory building, 222, 443. 
Arms, 429, 565, 604. 

Fire, 575, 582. 
Arms of Massachusetts Bay, 501, 502. 
Armstrong, Lt. -governor, 442. 

Capt. William, 645. 
Army, 178, 390, 396, 417, 421, 438, 
439, 503, 541. 559, 560, 564, 565, 
577,578,581, 582, 584,585,597, 
604, 605, 624, 627, 630, 671. 

American, 581, 667. 
■ British, 585, 661. 

Burgoyne's, 178. 

Continental, 390, 396, 417, 577, 578, 
581, 582, 584, 585, 597, 604. 

English, 630. 

Officers of the, 421. 

Regular, 667. 

Revolutionary, 503, 605. 

United States, 668. 
"Army of the Gulf," 439. 
"Army of the James," 439. 
"Army of the Potomac," 439. 
Arnold, Colonel, 557. 

Mr., 479. 

Rev. Albert N., 290. 

Col. Benedict, 273, S46, 556, 558. 
"Arnold's Campaign against Quebec," 

etc., 558. 
Arrests, 175. 
Arrow (bark), 460. 



Arsenal, 88. 

Art, 524. 

"Art of Speaking," 485. 

Art Union (ship), 460. 

Arthur (bark), 460. 

Artichoke river, 19, 23, 205, 213, 214, 

. 305, 543- 
Artificers, 14, 21. 

Artillery, 202, 409, 416, 420-422, 425, 
426, 429-431, 434, 435, 438, 439, 
441, 445, 473- 
association, Newburyport Veteran 

438. 
company, Newburyport, 202, 409, 
416, 421, 422, 425, 426, 429-431', 

434,435, 441, 445, 562. 

election, 473. 

Flying, 669. 
Artisans, 437, 438. 
Artists, 303, 388, 

Italian, 303. 
Arts, 77, 483, 520. 
Arts and Sciences, American Academy 

of, 487, 489- 
Ascutney (steamer), 457. 
Ascutney (United States steamer), 

466. 
Ashland street, 208, 221, 235,334,348, 
357, 404, 454, 459, 460, 467, 469. 
Ashland Street granmiar school, 441. 
Aspen swamp, 346. 
Assassin, 422. 
Assemblies, Social, 31. 
Assembly, 50. 
room, 31. 
Assessors, 16,23,25,26,253,257, 275. 
Associated Uisciplesof Washington, 432. 
Astronomer, 483. 
Astronomical research, 77. 
Atkins,Dudley, 17, 26, 32, 33, 41, 42, 
44, 122, 145, 148, 360, 678. 

Dudley, esq., 361. 

Joseph, 16, 19, 215. 

William, 16, 18, 36, 49, 352. 

William, esq., 535, 555. 
Atkinson, Amos, 133. 

B.F., 469. 

Benjamin F., 393, 684. 

George O., 517. 

John, 237. 

M., 239. 

Michael, 683. 

Moses L., 348. 

Nathaniel, jr., 339. 

Nathaniel, sr., 339. 

Parker, 339. 

Stephen, 339. 

William B., 329. 
iVlkinson, Amos & Co., 239. 
Atkinson common, 219-221, 334, 440, 

441. 
Atkinson, N. H., 243, 506. 



696 



INDEX 



Atkinson street, 348, 359. 
Atlantic (brig), 239, 654. 
Atlantic ocean, 205, 208. 
Attack on Rhode Island, 585. 
Attleboro, Mass., 1153. 
Attorney-general of the United States, 

438, 446. 
Attorneys, 33, 69, 232. 
Atwood, John B., 236. 

Margaret, 218. 

Thomas, 236, 682. 
Atwood street, 352, 354. 
Aubin, George W., 404. 

Corp. Joseph, 659. 

Capt. Philip, 486. 

Samuel, 120, 121. 
Auburn street, 215, 234, 358. 
Auctioneers, 347, 428. 
Auctions, 79, 107, 123, 159, 179, 197, 
212, 247, 289, 298, 368, 392, 406, 
491, 521, 522,568, 569.596,597, 
630, 666. 
Augusta, Me., 397, 558. 
Augusta (ship), 464. 
Augustine Heard (ship), 461. 
Auslier, Joseph, 629. 
Austin Organ company, 263. 
Authors, 480, 487, 492, 
Autographs, 274, 279. 
Avenues, 21S, 219. 
Avery, John, 573, 575-57S. 582, 5S7, 

625, 635-637. 
A. W. Stevens (baik), 468. 
Ayers, Col. Charles L., 447. 
Ayre, David, 90. 

BABSON, CAPT. TAMES, 640. 
John, 646. 

Joseph, jr., 346. 

Nath., 547. 

Capt. Solomon, 646. 

Capt; Zebulon, 646. 
Baby Shoe company, 226. 
Bache, Richard, 382. 
Bachman, Mrs. Solomon, 294. 
Back street, 332, 359. 
Backley, Benjamin, jr., 540. 
Bacon, 193. 
Badger's rock, 195. 
Badges, 433, 
Bag, 544. 

of tea, 530. 
Baggage, 397, 598. 

Transportation of, 581, 586. 
Bagley, D., 239. 

Jeremiah, 90. 

Philip, 275, 5S2. 
Bagnall, Benjamin, 164. 
Bahama islands, 602. 
Bailey (Bayley), Abner Ross, 90. 

Charles M., 177. 

Charles O., 684, 685. 



Bailey, continued. 

Daniel, 17, 341, 474, 476-480, 580. 
House of, 474. 

Daniel D., 683. 

Jonathan, 129. 

Nathaniel, 27, 603, 629. 

Robert, 531. 

Robert, jr., 176, 177, 422. 

Capt. Robert, 176. 

Samuel, 17, 240, 611, 

Capt. Samuel, 643, 

Thomas, 603. 
Bake house, 36, 353. 
Bakeman, Rev. Francis W., 293, 294. 
Baker, Deacon, 56. 

Rev. William, 286. 
Bakers, 35,36, 81. 
Balch, , 108, 122. 

Benjamin' 281, 350, 519. 

Charles H., 27, 132, 163, 188, 681, 
682. 

Charles Hodge, 169. 

Daniel, 17, 162, 164, 166, 167, 

519- 

Hannah, 167, 486. 

John, 175, 239. 

John H . , 221, 223. 

Lucy, 486. 

Rebecca (Stone), 164. 

Thomas Hutchinson, 167, 171. 

Rev. William, 164. 

William C, 209. 
Ball (ammunition), 626, 654. 
Ball (dance), 655. 
Ballast, 651. 
Ballaven, Phillis, i^. 
Ballou, Rev. Hosea, 298. 
Baltimore, Md., 117, 201, 373, 550, 

633, 661. 
Bancroft, Baron, 181 . 
Band, Boston brass, 442. 
Bands, 420, 421, 426, 430, 434, 440, 

442, 445- 
Bandy, Marval, 117. 
Bangor, Me., 438, 463. 
Bank, First National, 221. 
Banker, 152. 
Banners, 433, 446. 
Bannister, W. B., esq., 520. 

William B., 27, 149, 183, 184, 203, 
319, 327. 331, 415, 416, 6S0. 

William B., esq., 432. 
Baptist church, 292-294. 

of Christ, 287. 

of Newburyport, 292-294. 
Baptist meeting house, 183, 293, 296, 

299. 
Baptist Society, 287-289, 291-293, 298, 
360. 

of Newbury and Newburyport, 360. 

of Newburyport, 292, 293. 
Baptists, Freewill, 514. 



INDEX 



697 



Bar (hotel), 393. 
Bar (legal), 414. 
Bar (sand), 66, 194, 19^, 625. 
Barbadoes, 69, 450, 626, 651, 653. 
Barber's fees, 579. 
shop, 341, 362. 
Barber's Historical Collections of Mas- 
sachusetts, 373. 
Barges, 149, 190, 250, 413. 609. 
Barks, 202, 237, 453, 459-461, 463, 

465-470, 649, 651. 
Barley, 146. 

Barnaby, Rev. James, 290. 
Barnard, John, 509, 519, 
Joseph, 382, 396. 
Samuel, 90. 
Barnard's Journal of Education, 321. 
Barns, 153, 160, 199, 247, 345, 348. 
Barnstable, Mass., 287, 618. 
Barracks, 258, 627. 

for troops, 258. 
Barrel of tea, 530. 
Barrels, 579, 
Barrenger, John, 629. 
Barrett (Bartlet), Samuel, esq., 64. 

William, 471, 492, 507. 
Barrett & March, 471, 492, 493, 507, 

510. 
Bar-room, 158. 
Bariy, Commodore, 114. 
Bartlet mall, 119, 126, 234, 317, 320, 

324, 327, 415, 418, 419. 
Bartlet steam mills, 200, 201, 445. 
Bartlett (Bartlet), Mr., no. 
Capt. Albert W., 670. 
Hon. Bailey, 111-113. 
Cutting, 17, 26, 271, 352. 
Edmund, 17, 26, 36, 51, 139, 179, 
181, 218, 271, 277, 312, 318, 

535, 555> 585- 

Capt, Edmund, 124, 125. 

Edmund, jr., 239, 437. 

Edward E., 207. 

Edward F., 191, 686. 

Enoch, 90. 

Rev. James A., 286. 

Josiah, 133. 

Moses, 204. 

Richard, iSo, 415, 611. 

Samson, 90. 

Samuel Colcord, D. D., LL. D., 
442. 

Mrs. Sarah, 214. 

Stephen, 133. 

Thomas, 17, 26. 

William, 27, 66, 67, 75, 83, 107, 
112, 123, 142, 143, 149, 153, 176, 
179, 181, 183, 197, 239, 240, 267, 
313, 314, 326, 331, 351, 353, 370, 
377> 378, 396, 415, 486, 520, 608, 
680. 

Hon. William, 416. 



Bartlett, cotitinued. 

Barett, Serg. William, jr., 659. 

William G. , 201. 
Bartlett, A. W., post, No. 49 of the 

G. A. R., 220, 423, 440. 
Bartlett's lane, 141, 309, 310, 342, 

362, 363. 
Bartlett spring, 228-230. 
pumping station, 233. 
water supply, 228, 
Bartley, J. D., 324. 
Barton, Lewis F., 225, 
Barton Shoe company, 225. 
Bass, Rev. Edward, 89, 102, 117,215, 
257.261, 264, 265,313, 346, 421. 
W., 652. 
Bass viol, 280, 421, 430. 
Bassetterre, Marie Felicite, 116. 
Batchelder, Elbridge K., 221. 

Samuel, 591, 592, 638, 639, 642,647. 
Capt. Samuel, 535. 
Bates, Hon. John L., 444. 

Joshua, esq., 523. 
Bath beavers, 30. 
Battelle, E., 486. 
Ebenezer, 492. 
Batteries, 550, 551, 608, 609. 

on Plum island, 666. 
Batterson, James, 164. 
Battery, Hoating, 60S, 609. 
Batting, Cotton, factory, 81. 
Battle of Bunker's hill, 57, 549, 550. 
at Concord, 539. 
at Lexington, 539. 
on the plains of Abraham, 387. 
Battlefield, 584. 

Battleship Massachusetts, 443, 444. 
Bay, Chaleur, 174. 
Bayley, O'Brien & Pike, 107. 
Bayley, Robert, & Son, 176. 
Bayley's wharf, 176, 177. 
Baylor, Col. George, 599-601. 
Beach, Salisbury, 147, 148, 250, 407. 
Beacon (ship), 644. 
Beacon island, Boston harbor, 66. 
Beacon oak, The, 30, 141, 142. 
Beacons, 30, 66, 141, 142, 152. 

on Plum island, 66. 
Beads, Gold, 169, 171. 
Bean, Mrs., 395, 396. 

Hiram, 393. 
Beane, Rev. Samuel C, 257, 440. 
Beans, 579. 
Bearers, 217. 
Beauregard, General, 670. 
'' Beauties of the late Reverend Dr. 

Isaac Watts," 493. 
Beaver (brig), 107. 
Beaver (ship), 635, 636. 
Beck, Dea. Joshua, 354. 

Thomas, 17 
Beck street, 308, 318, 332, 354. 



698 



INDEX 



Beckley, Rev. John T., 294. 
Bedding, 76. 
Bedsteads, 76. 
Bedlick, 75. 

Beecher, Rev. Lyman, D. D. , 304. 
Beef, 193, 579, 589, 616, 626, 635, 
636, 661. 

Corned, 589. 
Beer, 88, 146, 567, 589. 
Beers, Isaac, 486. 

Begen, -, 575. 

Beheading of King Louis XVI., 114. 
Behemus (ship), 640, 643. 
Belanger, Rev. Father, 308. 
Belcher, Rev. Samuel, 213. 
Belfry, 256, 301, 430. 
" Belisarius" (book), 492. 
Belisarius (schooner), 239. 
Belknap, Rev. Jeremy, 93, 94, 97. 
Bell of Church of the Immaculate Con- 
ception, 301. 
Bell, Engine, 420. 
Bell on First Presbyterian meeting 

house, 268, 270. 
Bell on St. Paul's church, 261, 263. 
Belleisle (frigate), 626. 
Belleville, 204, 206, 207, 298, 440, 666. 

cemetery, 214. 

association, 214. 

Congregational church, 164, 305, 

Congregational society, 306, 307. 

hotel, 404, 405. 

Improvement society, 220. 

parish, 178, 206. 

Temperance society, 186. 
Bells, 30, 52, 104, 108, 141, 162, 255, 
261, 263, 268, 270, 278, 279, 282, 
285, 289-291, 301, 400, 408, 420, 

421, 424-427, 430. 431, 438, 445- 

Church, 52, 162, 420, 425, 430. 

Ringing of, 108, 408, 424, 425, 431, 
438, 443, 445, 658, 665. 

Tolling of, 104, 141, 420, 421, 423, 
426, 427. 
Benevolent associations, 437, 439. 

societies, 444. 
Ben: Perley Poore (schooner), 467. 
Benjamin Hale (schooner), 470. 
Bennet, Rev. John, 486. 
Bennington (ship), 466. 
Bennington, Vt., 276, 581. 
Bentley, Rev. William, 266, 267. 
Bently, Capt. Nathaniel, 640642, 644, 

647. 
Berguin, M., 486. 
Berkshire county, 89, 95. 
Bernard, Gov. Francis, 13, 25, 37,309. 
Bernheimer, Meyer S., 245. 

Mrs. M. S., 294. 
Berry, Alfred M., 515. 

John, 36, 120. 



Berry street, 355, 356, 442. 

Berwick, Me., 287, 582. 

Betsey (brig), 107, 240. 

Betsey (brigantine), 641, 647. 

Betsey (sloop), 639. 

Betsey & Lucy (schooner), 240. 

Beverly, Mass., 91, 153, 556, 560, 582, 

661. 
Beverly bridge, 91, 92. 
Beynon, Capt. Thomas, 631-633. 
B. F. Hunt, jr. (bark), 468. 
Bible, The, 315, 316, 480. 
"Bible," "Brown's Dictionary of the," 

497- 
"Bible," "The Holy," 498. 
Bible, Sign of the, 493. 
Bibliography, 5C0. 
Bickerstaff's Boston Almanac, 483. 
Bickerstaff's New England Almanacks, 

483- 
Bickford, John, 540. 
Big Bonanza (ship), 464. 
Bigelow, Maj. Timothy, 556. 
Bilboa, Spain, 452, 577, 626, 635. 
Bilboa cap, 71 . 

Bilboa Packet (brigantine), 639. 
Bill of sale of bell, 279. 

of negro, Cxsar, 70. 
Bills of credit, 597. 

exchange, 662, 
Bingham, Caleb, A. M., 316. 
Birch street, 359. 
Birchen meadow, 207. 
Bird, Elizabeth, 167. 
Biscuit, 36 81, 82. 
Bishop, George P., 6S4. 

Corp. John, 90. 
Bishop of Rhode Island, 247. 
Bishop, Roman catholic, 118. 
Bishops, 118,215, 247, 258, 259, 265, 
296, 297, 299-301, 303, 421, 426. 
Black ball, 456. 
Black Hawk (ship), 463. 
Black Prince (ship), 465. 
Black Rocks, 74, 76, 151, 195, 205, 

407> 551- 

creek, 151, 195. 
Black Rocks & Salisbury Beach railroad, 
407. 

company, 407. 
Blacksmiths, 112,490. 
Blake, Capt. John, 552-554. 
Blake, Lane & Nason, 565. 
Blakeley, Capt. Johnston, 655. 
Blanchard, Amos, 480, 481. 
Blandina Dudley (ship), 463. 
Blankets, 30. 
Blasdell, Richard, 90. 
Bleachery, 228. 
Bleany, Joseph, 90. 
Blindness, 1 18. 



INDEX 



699 



Bliss, Charles A., 222, 248. 

Blockmakers, 99, 310. 

Blocks, 78, 270. 

Blocks and falls, 78. 

Blodget, Nathan, 614, 637. 

Blond (frigate), 590. 

Blondel (ship), 463. 

Blood, James, 182, 203, 676, 6S1. 

Blood's wharf, 332. 

Blubber, 79. 

Blue fish, 174. 

Blunt, E., 494. 

Edmund M., 492-495, 497, 505, 507, 

519- 

G. W., 494. 

John, 90. 
Blunt & March, 507. 

Store of, 178. 
Blunt & Robinson, 492, 505, 508. 
Board of health, State, 235. 
Board of war, 573-575^ 5^4, 5S6-589, 

592> 593i 635, 666. 
Boarding house, 394. 
Boarding pikes, 615. 
Boarding school, ^,1$. 
Boardman, Capt. Abel, 424. 

Benjamin, 239. 

Isaac H., 207, 209, 236, 682. 

Jacob, 17, 39, 353, 531, 562, 563, 
591, 592, 678. 

Capt. Jacob, 315, 535. 

John, 16. 

Jonathan, 109. 

bftin, 16, 115, 342, 551, 629. 

Capt. Offin, 115, 486, 614-616, 637. 

Thomas, 540, 547, 659. 

William. 239. 
Boardman's lane, 141, 342. 
Boardman street, 28, 141, 235, 318, 

332, 341, 348, 357-359- 
Boat builders, 70, 99. 
Boatmen, 369. 

Boats, 148, 149, 190, 238, 366-368, 
439. 451, 544, 604, 614, 615. 

Ferry, 366-368. 

Pilot, 604. 

Velocipede, 439. 

Whale, 614, 615. 
Boatswain, 1 14. 
Bocsiher, Virginea, 115. 
Boddily, Rev. John, 218, 284, 285. 
Boddily's Mr., meeting house, 430. 
Bohea tea, 48, 529. 
Bolter Thomas, 547. 
Bombs, 626. 
Bonaparte, 496. 

Bonds, 367, 618, 619, 625, 647. 
Bonfire, 42. 
Bon Homme Richard (ship), 603-606, 

628. 
Bonischere, Dr. Francis de Vergnies, 
117, 118. 



Book binding, 505. 
Book-dealer, 474, 476. 
Book-keeping, 317. 
Book plates, 492. 

George Washington's, 5, 492. 
Books, 41, 118, 192, 380, 427, 471, 
474, 476, 478> 479, 485, 486, 491, 
492, 494, 499> 500, 518-524, 526, 
527- 
Medical, 118. 
Singing, 474, 476. 
Booksellers, 379, 478-482, 487, 489, 

491, 492, 494, 495, 497, 499, 
518-520, 522, 527. 

Bookstore, Newburyport, 498. 

Bookstores, 493, 496-498, 519. 

Bootman, John, 73. 
Joseph, 73. 

Boots, 221, 222, 224, 225. 

Boott, John W., 149. 
Kirk, 149. 

Bordeaux, France, 115, 573-575. 

Borden, Rev. T., 298. 

Boston, Mass., 29, 30, 36, 39-41, 45, 
46, 48-54, 61, 64-66, 74, 77, 79, 
84, 88, 89, 91-94, 96, 97, 99, 100, 
102, III, 114, 118, 125, 130, 148, 
149. 153. 158, 159, 161-164, 183, 
185, 195, 197, 201, 202,219,221, 
227, 228, 235-237, 243, 250, 253, 
256, 259-261, 263-265, 268, 278, 
280, 282, 297, 299, 300, 308, 316, 
326, 329,334,350, 374, 377-381, 
386-388, 390, 394-398, 400, 401, 
403, 408, 410, 413-415, 418-420, 
423, 426-429, 431, 432, 435, 438, 

443, 446, 452, 457, 471-474, 476, 
478-480, 482, 483, 485-487, 489- 

492, 494, 495, 498-501, 503, 512, 
516-518, 523, 524. 526, 527, 529- 
532, 535, 539, 546, 549-553, 5.s6, 
559, 563, 566, 573, 580, 585-590, 
593, 595, 600, 607, 613, 615-622, 
625-627, 634-639, 642, 647, 653, 
654, 659, 660, 666, 668-670, 672, 
689. 

Fire in, in 1774, 102. 
Boston (frigate), 449, 588. 
Boston (shfp), 572, 573, 590. 
Boston Almanac, 483. 
Boston AthenKum, 78, 98, 520. 
Boston bookstore, 486. 
Boston brass band, 442. 
Boston common, 528. 
Boston harbor, 66, 74, 119, 529, 566, 
^573, 615, 622. 

Fortifying of, 573. 

Beacon island in, 66. 
Boston & Maine railroad, 208, 402, 403. 

company, 401, 403, 404. 
Boston Massacre, 49, 166, 426-429, 482. 

Anniversary of, 426-428. 



yoo 



INDEX 



Boston & Northern street railroad, 407. 

Boston Port bill, 530-532. 

Boston public library, 473, 476, 478, 

493. 499- 
Boston Repertory, 512. 
Boston, Salem and Newburyport Mag- 
netic Telegraph company, 201. 
Bottau, Marglar, 115. 

Mariane, 1 15. 
Boulder, 220, 221. 

Bounds of Newburyport, 333, 335, 347. 
Bounties, 578, 5S1, 585, 586, 596, 597. 

to soldiers of the Revolution, 596, 

597- 
Bounty on fishing, 1 74. 
Boulwell, Governor, 209. 
Bowditch, Ernest, W., 235. 

Nathaniel, 494. 
liowdoin. Gov. James, 64, 82-84, 88, 

92, 414, 487. 
Bowen, Rev. Charles J., 256. 
Bowie, Capt. Archibald, 616-619. 
Bowley, Joseph, 90. 
]>ox factory, 291. 
Boxford, Mass., 403. 
Boyd, John, 90. 
Boyle, John, 485, 487, 492. 
Boylston street, Boston, 77, 523. 
P>oyriton, Eben Moody, 250. 

Warren, 685. 
Boys, 53, 104, 310, 313, 316, 318, 
322, 326-328, 385 552. 
brigade, 440. 
Disorderly, 104. 
Brackett, James, 288. 

Bradbury, , 170. 

Eben, 595, 625. 

Ebenezer, 179, 187, 328, 422, 681, 

682. 
Hon. Ebenezer, 179, 436. 
Maj. Ebenezer, 421, 438. 
Francis, 156. 
George, 680. 
John, 200, 418, 441. 
John M., 526. 
Jonathan, 16, 271. 
Theophilus, 18, 64, 90, 109, in, 

137, 156, 170. 
Theophilus, esq., 313, 608. 
Hon. Theophilus, 109, iii, 137, 

156, 486. 
Capt. William, 115. 
William H. H., 686. 
Wymond, 16, 629. 
Bradbury, Theophilus, & Son, 170. 
Bradford, Mass., 13, 19, 31, I49i '53' 

164, 402, 433, 434. 
Bradford light infantry, 445. 
Bradford road, 156, 214. 
Bradley, Hon. Charles S., 443. 
Simeon, 90. 



Bradstreet, Moses, 51, 555, 578. 

Nathaniel, 520. 
Brady, Bishop, 303, 308. 
Bragdon, Joseph, 515. 

Joseph H., 191, 401, 515. 

Samuel, 338. 

William, 291. 
Braintree, Mass., 272. 
Brandy, 651, 661. 

Brandywine, Del., Battle of, 600, 601. 
Brass, 167, 264. 

castings, 182. 

cannon, 661. 

foundry, 179. 
Brass band, Boston, 442. 
Brattle, Thomas, 263. 
Brattle street, Boston, 476. 
Brattle street meeting house, Boston, 

65, 93- 
Brattleboro, Vt., 388. 
Bray, Mrs. Stephen P., 164, 165. 
Bread, 35, 36, 81, 541, 626, 635, 636, 
661. 

weight of, 35, 36. 
Breakfast, 412, 579. 
Break O'Day hill, 404. 
Breakwater, 194, 196, 379. 
Breeches, 71, 79. 
Brenda (ship), 461. 
Brentwood, N. H., 287. 
Brett, John, 540. 
Brewer, 146. 
Brewery, 146. 
Brewing business, 146. 
Brewing company, Frank Jones, 182. 
Brewster, Joseph, 603, 629. 

Rev. Leroy S., 297. 

William H., 236, 509, 511. 
Brewster (ship), 460. 
Brick, 55, 123, 140, 154, 187, 214, 
222, 223, 266, 267, 275, 276. 

barn, 199. 

buildings, 128, 163, 171-173, 177, 
179-182, 199, 224, 225, 245, 247, 
248, 280, 287-289, 296, 297, 320, 

326- 327, 331. 394- 
houses, 339, 388, 41S, 524. 
meeting houses, 280, 287-289, 296, 

297. 
Presbyterian church, New York city, 

275- 

schoolhouses, 12S, 317-319. 
Brickett, John, 187. 

Serg. Moses, 90. 
Bridge, Beverly, 91, 92. 

Chain, 370, 371, 399. 

Chelsea, 377. 

Essex-Merrimack, 255, 368, 369. 

Iron, at Deer island, 370. 

Merrimack chain, 185. 

M'Gregor''s, 392. 



INDEX 



701 



Bridge, Newburyport, 370, 373, 399. 

Newburyport and Salisbury, 362. 

Old town, 543. 

Parker river, 408, 409, 544. 

Patent, 369, 370. 

across Plum Island river, 378, 379. 

Suspension, 369, 373. 

Thorla's, 544. 

Timber, 369. 
Bridges, 18, 23, 39, 40, 73, 91, 92, 
148, 185, 255, 332, 362, 368-375, 
377-379, 383, 392, 399401, 408, 
409. 543, 544- 

Railroad, 400, 401 . 
Bridgman, Lewis J., 139. 
Bridle, 104. 
Brig, Spanish, 631, 633. 

Swedish, 656. 
Briganlines,575, 627, 629,636,638-647. 
Briggs, Gov. George N., 328. 

James W., 683. 
Brighton, Mass., 153. 
Brigs, 74, 107, III, 114, 115, 201, 
202, 215, 239-241, 453, 459, 466- 
468, 590, 592, 595, 602, 603, 605, 
614, 616, 617, 620-622, 624, 631, 
633-635, 637, 640, 641, 644, 649- 
651, 653, 654, 656. 661, 662, 664. 
Brillante (brig), 114. 
Bristol, Eng., 284, 386. 
Britannia (sloop), 558. 
British, 595. 

army, 585, 661. 

coast, 603. 

cruisers, 590, 660. 

fleet, 595. 

general, 661. 

isle, 585. 

packet-ship, 661. 

ships, 108, 619, 631. 

ships-of-war, 590. 

soldiers, 543. 

troops, 500, 540, 549, 626. 

vessels, 108, 1 14. 
Britons, 43. 
Britt, John, 547. 
Broad street, 145, 173, 235, 241, 245, 

332, 334, 345, 346, 439> 447- 
Broadcloth, 30, 88. 
Broadside, Episcopal convention at 

Salem, 259, 260. 
Broadway (street), 332. 
Brockway, Charles, 181. 

Charles J., 209, 326. 
Bromfield, Henry, 278. 

John, 105, 335, 534, 535, 555, 572, 

596. 
Thomas, 278. 
Bromfield street, 13, 28, 227, 235, 333- 

335. 349, 350, 352, 354, 355, 3^5, 
409, 416, 440, 443, 447, 453, 562. 



Bronze, 221, 264. 
Brookin's wharf, 332. 
Brooks, J., 655, 660, 661. 
Brown, , 239. 

Mr., 20, 338. 

Dr. Alphonso B., 248. 

Benjamin, 295. 

Ebenezer, 603, 629. 

Ellen T., 234. 

Handel, 179. 

James, 541. 

John, 19, 33, 540, 593. 

John A., 685. 

John L. , 193. 

John T., 163, 219, 234, 291. 

John Wood, 541. 

Joseph, 631. 

Lawrence, 659. 

Capt. Lawrence W., 237. 

Moses, 112-114, 123, 143, 149, 153, 
176, 177, 184, 221, 240, 320, 336, 
337, 340, 356, 358, 377, 378, 394, 
415, 635, 644. 

Moses, jr., 659. 

Capt. Moses, 113, 114, 430, 630- 
633, 640, 645. 

Hon. Moses, 221, 441, 443, 631- 

633, 645- 

Nicholas, 303, 367. 

T., 107. 

Thomas, 240, 393. 

Capt. William, 107. 

Rev. Willis G., 304. 
Brown Brothers (ship), 469. 
"Brown's Dictionary of the Bible," 

497- 
Brown high school, 320, 324, 325, 328, 

house, 324. 
Brown's springs, 156. 
Brown square, 183, 185, 200, 201, 203, 
275, 291, 292, 298, 322, 356, 394, 
422, 434, 437, 440, 445, 447, 448. 
Brown Square hotel, 394. 
Brown street, 219. 
Brown's wharf, 182, 332. 
Bruce, Rev. J. E., 298. 
Brunswick, Me., 612. 
Brutus (ship), 461. 
Buck street, 197, 322, 332, 358. 
Buckingham, Joseph H., 513. 
Buckles. Shoe, 170. 
Buckley, Captain, 175. 

Rev. Patrick T., 303. 
Buckminster, Richard, 90. 
Budges (English transport), 661. 
Buena Vista (ship), 460. 
Buffalo, N. Y., 670. 
Bugle, 442. 

Bulfinch, Charles, 130. 
Bullets, 105. 
Bunch of Grapes, Sign of the, 390. 



702 



INDEX 



Bunch of Grapes tavern, 386, 387, 390, 

482. 
Bunker hill, Battle of, 57, 549, 550, 

582, 600, 606. 
Buntin, Lt. John, 628, 629. 

Corp. Joseph, 659. 

Thomas, 194. 
Buoys, 150. 
Burbank, Samuel, 631. 
Burgess, Capt. Joshua, 645. 
Burgoyne, General, 581. 
Burgoyne's army, 178. 
Burial of the dead. Regulating the, 104. 
Burke, , 497. 

Captain, 595. 

Robert E., esq., 232. 

Capt. William, 643. 
Burley, Daniel S., 225. 
Burley & Stevens, 225. 
Burley, Stevens & Co., 225. 
Burley & Usher, 225. 
Burnham, Miss Mary C, 668. 

Thomas W., 676. 
Burnside (bark), 461. 
Burr, Aaron, 556. 
Burnll, Edward, 210. 

John, 203. 
Burroughs, Rev. Charles, 516. 

(jeorge, 16, 271, 345. 
Burton's Anatomy of Melancholy, 499. 
Burying ground. Old Hill, 105, 115. 

Quaker, 28. 

Sawyer Hill, 213. 
Burying grounds, 28, 72, 105, 1 1 5, 

120, 122, 123, 213-219, 582. 
Burying hill, 120-122. 
Burying place, 120. 
Business, 153. 
Butchers, 141. 

meat, 135. 

stalls, 190. 
Butler, John, 18. 

Butter, 30, 139, 387, 579, 616, 626. 
Buttons, Horn, 178. 
Byfield, Mass., 195, 407, 496, 497. 
Byfield parish, 270. 
Byfield rifle company, 441. 
By-laws, 122, 141, 346. 

of Library society, 519, 

CABBAGE, 616. 
Cabinet of president of United 
States, 420. 
Cabot, Anderson, 645. 
George, 91, 92. 
John, 645. 
Cadets, 426. 
Cadiz, 452, 631-633. 
Cadiz salt, 79. 
Csesar, 69, 70. 
Cage, 653. 



Cain, Death of, 492. 
Calcutta, 236. 
Calder, Robert, 390. 
Caldwell, Abner, 659. 

Alexander, 147. 

George J., 147. 

Samuel L. , 435. 

Rev. Samuel L., 438. 

William, 392. 
Caldwell's wharf, 332. 
Calef, Capt. John, 638, 644. 
Calico, Homespun, 88. 
California, 201, 202, 668. 

Emigration to, 201, 
Call, A. A., 522. 

Jonathan, 73. 

Miss Philippa, 326. 
Galley, Capt. B., 107. 

Capt. Benjamin, 383. 
Calumet (ship), 461 . 
Calvinism, 273. 

Cambridge, Mass., 25, 50, 55, 57, 64, 
242, 253, 258, 271, 382, 444, 473, 
500, 505, 537, 541-543, 545, 548, 
550, 552, 553, 556-558, 561, 564, 
565, 598-601, 617, 622, 624, 678. 
Cambridge Crossing, 670. 
Cambridge university, 253. 
Camden, Me., 397. 
Camp, 565, 670. 
Campbell, A., 239. 

Rev. Randolph, 283, 423. 
Canada, 37-39, 380, 556, 557. 
Canals, 147-149. 

on Merrimack river, Proprietors of 
locks and, 148, 149. 
Canavan, Rev. Patrick, 299, 300. 
Candles, 66, 105, 282, 567. 
Cane, 2S2. 

Cane-bottom chairs, 188. 
Cannon, iii, 114, 408, 409, 424, 431, 
445, 550, 554, 561, 565, 566, 569, 
572, 575, 596, 597> 607, 608, 627, 
635, 654, 655, 659, 665. 

ball, 621. 

fired, 408. 

powder, 56. 

to be remounted, 654. 
Canons, 476. 
Cans, 170. 
Canteens, 578. 
Canvas, 453, 662. 
Cap, Bilboa, 71. 
Cape, The, 451. 
Cape Ann, 66, 559, 610, 620, 625, 629, 

655- 
Lighthouses on, 66. 
Cape Breton, 27. 
Cape Breton tavern, Boston, 531. 
Cape Cod, 114. 
Cape Elizabeth, 559. 



INDEX 



703 



Cape Francois, 633. 

Cape of Good Hope, 237. 

Cape Horn, 202. 

Cape de Verde Islands, 656. 

Capen, Rev. John, 296. 

Capture of vessels, 235-238. 

Caravan, 397. 

Cards, 156. 

Care and custody of prisoners of war, 

652. 
Care of sick and wounded seamen, 652. 
Care of town house, 130. 
Carey, David E., 393. 

James, 393, 668. 

Mathew, 493. 
Cargoes, 236-238, 450-452, 464. 575. 
576, 612, 619, 624, 626, 633, 634, 
651, 653, 654, 661. 
Carleton, Lt. Peter, 90. 
Carlton, W., 496. 
Carlyle, Rev. Thomas, 516. 
Carolina, 577. 
Caroline (schooner), 202. 
Caroline (ship), 240. 
Carols, 478. 
Carpenters, 46, 113, 430, 562, 669. 

House, 669. 

Ship, 46. 

Wages of, 579. 
Carpeting, 452. 
Carr, Benjamin, 603, 629. 

George, 347. 

James, 16. 

John, 179. 

Josiah, 547. 

Moses, 547. 
Carr, Brown & Co., 179. 
Carr's island, 205, 208, 348. 
Carriage builder, 178. 
Carriages, 105, 177, 178, 373, 414, 418, 
426, 437, 439, 440, 442, 444, 447, 

483. 
Carrie F. Butler (schooner), 469. 
Carronades, 662. 
Cars, 399, 400, 403, 404, 419, 420. 

Street, 404. 
Cart, 47, 544. 

Cartel, 602, 603, 605, 651, 664. 
Carter, , 487. 

Benjamin F., 511, 514. 

Esther, 252. 

Jonathan, 541, 547. 

Joshua, 81, 107, 148, 239,325, 326, 
415, 679, 680. 

Nathaniel, 26, 31, 45, 49, 51, 105, 
252, 309, 354, 687. 

Nathaniel, jr., 611. 

Nathaniel, esq., 574. 

Sylvester B., 247. 

Capt. T., 338. 

Thomas, 239, 680. 



Carter street, 173, 332, 334, 345, 360. 

Carter's wharf, 332. 

Carts, 104, 105, 141, 174, 227, 373, 

437>439- 
Rum, 141. 

Watering, 227. 
Carved marble altar, 303. 
Carver, J. Hermann, 517. 

Samuel, 90. 
Carver, Wood, 386. 
Carving, 387. 
Cary, Mr., 117. 

Samuel, 252. 

Thomas, 520. 

Thomas, jr., 261, 495. 

Rev. Thomas, 30, 69, 79, 135, 252, 
253, 255, 256, 313, 543. 
Cary avenue, 359. 

Gary's, Rev. Mr., meeting house, 69, 
79, 338, 351, 356, 390, 452, 453, 
505- 
Casco bay, 552, 553, 564. 
Case, Moses P., 324. 
Casey, Captain, 154. 
Cash, 43. 
Cashman, Daniel, 227. 

Jeremiah, 227. 
Cashman Brothers, 227. 
Casks, 30, 142, 627. 
Castillian (ship), 461. 
Castine, Me., 590. 
Castings, Brass, 182. 

Copper, 182. 

Iron, 182. 
Castle, The, 429. 
Castle in Boston harbor, 49. 
Castle tavern, 386. 

London, Eng., 471 . 
Castrie, Island of St. Lucie, 117. 
Caswell, Michael, 546, 599. 
Catechism, 471, 472, 490-492. 
'• Catechism," '■ A Short," 493. 
Cathcari, Capt. John, 645. 
Cathedral, 261. 
Catherine (brig), 239. 
Catholic bishop, Roman, 118. 
Catholic cemetery, 208, 219, 301, 406, 

407. 
Cato (ship), 450, 635, 636, 645, 646. 
Cats, 491, 544. 
Cattle, 40, 419. 
Caulkers, 112. 

Wages of, 579. 
Causeway, 377. 
Cavalry, 88, 409, 413, 415, 418, 424. 

guard,^599. 

men, 599-601. 
Cayenne (schooner), 469. 
Cayetano & Co., 157. 
Cazneau, Samuel, 452. 
Cecil (schooner), 467. 



704 



INDEX 



Celebrations, 441-443. 

Cemeteries, 185, 208, 214, 216-219, 

228, 301, 406, 407. 
Cemetery, Catholic, 301, 406, 407. 

Oak Hill, 228. 
Cenotaph, 267. 
Census, 147, 160, 161, 688. 

1820, 147. 

1905, 688. 
Central Baptist church, 291, 292. 
Central hall, 299. 
Central wharf, 332, 393. 
Centre school, 317. 
Centre female grammar school, 324. 
Centre grammar school, 315, 320. 
Centre street, 351. 
Certificate of release of Capt. William 

Nichols, 652, 653. 
Certificates, 41, 652, 653. 
Chadbourne, Mary, 318. 
Chain bridges, 185, 370, 371, 399. 
Chains, 171, 370. 

Chair company, Newburyport, 188. 
Chair making, 188. 
Chair manufactory, 141. 
Chair, Passenger, 379. 
Chair, Wheel, 483. 
Chairs, 76, 141, 188, 323. 
Chaise, Tub bottom, 178. 
Chaises, 178, 377, 552. 

Maker of, 177, 178. 

Making of, 177, 178. 

Post, 377. 
Chaleur bay, 174. 
Chamber of commerce, 193. 
Champlain, Lake, 582. 
Chancel, 263. 
Chandeliers, 264, 282. 
Chandler, Rev. M., 272. 

Nathaniel, 90. 
Chandler's lane, 145, 336, 350, 449. 
Chang, 159, 
Chapel, Memorial, 219. 

Queen Anne's, 214. 
Chapel street, 163. 

Chapels, 214, 219, 264, 276, 282, 300. 
Chaplain, 273, 556, 557, 582. 

on Arnold's expedition, 557. 
Chapman, Mr., 452. 

Joseph, 452. 
Charity schools, 316. 
Charity, Sisters of, 301. 
Charles A. Ropes (schooner), 469. 
Charles C. Dame (schooner), 470. 
Charles H. Lunt (ship), 463. 
Charles Hill (ship), 236, 461. 
Charles street, 187, 229, 299, 300, 332, 

334, 436. 
Charleston, S. C, 192, 236, 669, 670. 

Harbor of, 670. 
Charlestown (negro), 71. 



Charlestown, Mass., 30, 36, 92, 153, 

252, 437, 496, 529. 530. 
Charlotte (brig), 201. 
Charmer (schooner), 467. 
Charmer (ship), 465. 
Charming Nancy (brig), 635. 
Charming Nancy (brigantine), 644. 
Charter, City, 209. 

Provincial, 35, 58. 
Charter street, 153, 158, 169, 226, 

303, 332, 350, 523- 
Chase, B., 239. 

James, 17. 

John, 540, 547. 

Joshua, 287. 

Josiah, 89. 

Moses, 511. 

Nathaniel, 468. 

Parker, 546. 

Samuel, 240. 

Lt. Samuel, 114. 

Tristram, 27. 

William, 680. 

William, jr., 680, 681. 
Chase's island, 195. 
Chastellux, Marquis de, 387. 
Chatham, 652. 

Cheapside, London, Eng., 526. 
Cheese, 139. 
Cheever, Benjamin H., 331. 

Ezekiel, 486. 

John, 540. 
Chelmsford, Mass., 149. 
Chelsea, Mass., 444. 
Chelsea bridge, 377. 
Cheney, James W., 668. 

William A., 346. 
Chesapeake (United States frigate), 648. 
Chest, Arm, 626. 
Chestnut street, 179, 334. 
Chests of tea, 529. 530, 538, 539. 
Cheverus, Rev. John, 118. 
Chica (boy), 115. 
Chicago, 111., 193, 194, 443, 527. 
Chickamauga Park, Ga., 672. 
Chickering, Mr., 55. 

Mrs. Anna Hart, 601. 

Asa Webster, 601. 

John, 147. 
Chickering street, 358. 
Chief-justice of supreme court of Massa- 
chusetts, 431. 
Children, 14, 31, 35, 37, 38, 301, 313, 
315. 330. 415, 418, 420, 433, 
435, 437, 439> 44i, 442, 444, 472, 
493, 544- 

Education of female, 315. 

in the parochial schools, 301. 

School, 415, 418, 433, 439, 441, 
442, 444. 
" Children's Friend," 486. 



INDEX 



705 



Chime of bells in clock, 166. 
China trade, 456. 
Chipman, Henry, 17, 40, 
Choate, Mr., 388. 

Benjamin, 17, 310, 346. 

David, 444. 

Horace, 221, 683. 

John, esq., 23, 25, 129. 

Joseph, 603, 629. 
Choir,256, 421, 423, 436, 437. 441-443- 

stalls, 264. 
Choral Union, 443. 
Christ chapel, 264. 
Christ church, Boston, 260. 

Philadelphia, 259. 
Christmas day, 420. 
Christian denomination, 514. 
Christian Herald, 514. 
Chronicle, 500. 
Church, 482-485, 489. 

at Newbury, 471, 472. 

of Christ in Newbury, 493. 

First Parish, Newbury, 93. 

of the Immaculate Conception, 299- 
303- 308. 

Second Congregational, 48. 

of St. Aloysius de Gonzaga, 307, 308. 

St. Paul's, 30, 36, 478. 
Church bells, 52, 108. 

Ringing of, 108. 
Church lane, 89. 
Church music, 478. 

Churches, 30, 36, 48, 93, 192, 252, 257, 
259, 260, 299, 300, 307, 308, 332, 
411, 422, 423, 427, 443, 471-473. 
689. 

Gift of the, to Boston fire sufferers, 
1794, 102. 
Churchman's Repository, for the East- 
ern diocese, 516. 
Church-yard, St. Paul's, 215. 
Chute, Edward L., 247. 
Cicero's nose, 499. 
Cider, 29. 
Cigars, 104, 439. 
Cmcinnati, O., 670. 
Circuit court of United States, 70, 231, 

232. 
Circulating libraries, 518, 520-522. 
Circus, 157, 158. 

Citirens' Electric Street Railway com- 
pany, 379, 406, 407, 468. 
Citizens' street railroad, 407. 
City cadets, 426, 439. 
City charter, 209. 
City clerks, 204, 210, 538, 686. 
City council, 209, 335, 358, 422, 423. 
City government, First, 209, 210. 

Celebration of fiftieth anniversary 
of, 443. 
City Guard, Haverhill, 426. 



City hall, 36, 193, 194, 202, 203, 210, 
422, 423, 425, 438-440, 442, 443. 
446-448, 524, 671. 
City Improvement society, 213, 220. 
City marshal, 190. 
City treasurers, 687, 689. 
Civil engineering, 329. 
Civil engineers, 232, 235. 
Civil Usage (brigantine), 638. 
Civil war, 420, 438, 439, 456, 457, 
667, 670. 

Veterans of the, 420. 
"Civil War," "City of Newburyport 

in the," 671, 672. 
Clagett, Bishop, 259. 
Claims, Alabama, 235-237. 

French, 238. 
" Claims of Religion upon the Young," 

499. 
Claims, Revolutionary war, 606. 
Clams, 147. 

Clarence H. Venner (schooner), 468. 
Clarinets, 157, 421, 430. 
Clarissa Currier (ship), 461. 
Clark, Mrs., 181. 

George W., 683. 

Greenleaf, 517. 

Nathaniel, 449. 

Robert, 415. 

Samuel, 540. 

Stephen Merrill, 153. 

Thomas M., 112, 183, 184, 194, 240, 
284, 325, 326, 415, 422, 453, 680, 
681. 

Capt. Thomas M., 656. 

Thomas M., esq., 416. 

Rev. Thomas M., 247, 265, 426, 438. 
Clark & Conner, 240. 
Clark & Whitten, 517. 
Clarkson, Captain, 558. 

Miss Margaret, 324. 
Clay, 122. 

Cleaveland, Nehemiah, 397, 398, 433. 
Cleland, William, 178. 
Clement (Clements), Fawn, 350. 

Hannah, 164, 167. 

J. W., 166. 

Joseph, 129. 

Mrs. Sally Dow, 294. 
Clergymen, 255, 308, 319, 421, 689. 
Clerks, 152. 

City, 204, 210, 538, 686. 

Town, 25, 26, 34, 49, 61, 189, 341, 
399, 686. 

of police court, 191. 
Clerks of the market, 26. 
Clinton, Fort, 584. 

Clock in First Presbyterian meeting 
house, 268, 270. 

on St. Paul's church, 264. 

makers, 163, 164, 166-168. 



7o6 



INDEX 



Clocks, 161-169, 190, 264, 268, 270, 
278-280, 688. 

Dials of, 162, 166. 

Musical, 166. 

Town, 161-164, 169. 
Cloth, 145, 225, 446. 

Cotton, 225, 446. 
Clothing, 153, 192-194, 238, 556,577, 
583, 584, 594, 626, 628, 662. 

Commiilee of, 577. 
Clough, Capt. Thomas, 638. 
Club, Orpheus, 444. 

Thespian, 158. 
Cluston, Thomas, 629. 
Coaches, 29, loi, 178, 390, 394-398, 
404, 418. 

Stage, 29, 390, 397, 398, 404, 503, 
549, 627, 651. 
Coal, 27, 250, 456. 

Bituminous, 27. 

Sea, 27. 
Coals, 616. 
Coats, 282. 
Coats, David, 83, 313, 565, 608. 

Capt. David, 75, 352, 452, 551, 555, 
562, 565. 
Coburi), JacoJD, 391. 

Mary, 71. 
Codfish, 173, 174. 
Codman, Edmund D., 329. 

John, 377. 

Robert, 329. 
Coffee, 46, 181, 451, 452, 651. 
Coffin, , 107. 

Capt. Abel, 158, 159, 600. 

Amos, 684. 

Mrs. Catherine, 600. 

Charles, jr., 51S. 

Dr. Charles, 486. 

Dr. Charles, jr., 76. 

Charles H., 203. 

Daniel, 18. 

David, 27, 239, 240, 378. 

David, jr., 659. 

Capt. David, 179. 

Edward F., 229, 426. 

Enoch, 636. 

Capt. Enoch, 639, 645. 

Frederick J., 203, 385, 681, 6S2. 

Col. P'rederick J., 439. 

George W., 435. 

Lt. Hector, 659. 

Henry, 600. 

Jeremiah, 600. 

John, 599, 600, 681. 

John, esq., 416. 

Joseph, 600. 

Joseph D., 468. 

Lemuel, 541, 582, 600. 

Mary, 318. 

Mrs. Mary, 600. 

Nathaniel, 331, 



Coffin, continued. 

Mrs. Olive, 600. 

Kichard P., 659. 

Samuel, 27, 240. 

Samuel J., 685. 

Susan H., 218. 

Tristram, 19, 167, 681. 

Capt. Tristram, 486. 

William, 147. 

Maj. William, 535. 

William B., 468. 
Coffin, William B., & Co., 468. 
Coffin court, 334. 

Coffin's History of Newbury, 471. 
Coffin's lane, 348, 404. 
Cogswell, Adam, 17. 

Bridget, 581. 
Coin, Copper, 170. 
Coker, Samuel, 16. 

Corp. William, 546. 
Colby, Ens. Aaron, 89. 

Benjamin, 89. 

Elbridge G., 682. 

Capt. G., 108. 

George J. L., 385, 511, 516, 517, 
683. 

Hezekiah, 17. 

John, 90, 209. 

Joshua, 18. 

Makepiece, 18. 

Mary, 492. 

Thomas, 90. 
Colby, C-oombs & Co., 517. 
Cole, Lucien D., 173. 

Moses, 117, 388. 
Collectors of customs, 46, 47, 108, 174, 

218, 675, 676, 679. 
Collector of taxes, 210. 
College, Dartmouth, 442. 
Collier, 604. 
Collins, Amos, 585. 

Daniel, 18. 

Serg. Enoch, 89. 

Ephraim, 468. 

Hezekiah, 17. 

Joseph, 16. 
Collyer, Capt. Thomas, 642. 
Colman, Dea. Benjamin, 69. 

Daniel, 209. 

Dudley, 73, 130, 582, 5S3. 

Maj. Dudley, 5S3. 

Jeremiah, 6S2. 

Col. Jeremiah, 397, 398, 415, 441. 
Colonade, 130. 
Color?, American, 632. 

English, 614, 616. 
Columbia (ship), 240. 
" Columbia the Gem of the Ocean, "441. 
Columbus (ship), 461. 
Comb factory, 179, 180. 

maker, i 78. 

making, 178, 179, 



INDEX 



707 



Combs, 178-180. 

Horn, 179. 
Commander-in-chief, 541, 660. 
Commander-in-chief's guard, 598-601. 
Commerce, 13, 27, 82, 85, 103, 108, 
432, 457, 494, 532, 533, 551, 648- 
650, 657, 675. 

American, 82, 602. 

Foreign, 13. 

Chamber of, 193. 

Restriction of, 648, 649. 
Commerce and manufacturers, Commit- 
tee of, 150. 
Commerce (figure), 114. 
Commerce (game), 156. 
Commerce (ship), 239. 
Commercial affairs, 27. 
Commercial wharf, 182, 332. 
Commissary, 567. 

Commissary- general, 566, 567, 571, 
582, 608. 

of Massachusetts, 66, 67. 
Commissioner of imports, 66. 
Commissioners, 581, 619, 620, 627, 
630, 633-635, 652. 

for sea coast defence, 654. 

County, 370, 375, 378, 379. 
Commissions, 637-647, 660. 
Committee of correspondence, 541, 
545. 570, 573, 579- 606, 627. 

Boston, so, 53. 

Hampton, N. H., 545. 

Norfolk, Va., 648. 
Committee of safety, 535, 537-539, 545, 
548, 550, 551, 553, 555, 559,560, 

563, 564, 570, 579, 606, 612, 616, 
617, 619, 620. 

at Cambridge, 545. 
Committee, School, 309, 312, 313, 315. 
Committee of supplies, 554, 555. 
Committee of war, 553. 
Commodore, 557. 
Common, Ye, 345. 
Common council, 348. 
Common lands, 119, 124, 125, 134, 
137, 140, 211, 365. 

purchased, 365. 
Common pasture, 74-76, 106, 119, 185, 

207, 358. 

Common pleas, Infeiior court of, 33, 
534. 567. 568. 

"Common School Geography," 496. 

" Common Sense addressed to the In- 
habitants of America," 484. 

Commonwealth (ship), 460. 

Communion service, 263. 

" Compendious System of Universal 
Geography," " A," 496, 497. 

Concert, 157. 

Concord, Mass., 57, 500, 537, 539, 

564, 596. 



Concord, N. H., 489. 
Concord, Mass., Convention at, to reg- 
ulate sales,- 596. 
Concord (brig), 651. 
Concord (ship), 383. 
Condry, Dennis, 402. 
Hon. Dennis, 228. 
Timothy, 547. 
Confederate cruisers, 235, 236, 456. 

troops, 670. 
Confidence (brig), 241. 
Confiscation of property, 107. 
of neutral ships, 103. 
of American vessels by France, 238. 
Conflagrations, 152, 153, 191-194,212, 
225, 276, 280, 298, 301, 306, 319, 
651. 
Congregational churches. See their 

respective names. 
Congregational clergymen, 266, 689. 
Congress, 55, 103, 108-111, 150, 176, 
177, 194, 196, 215, 235,238,241, 
250, 378, 382, 414, 423, 444, 445, 

581, 598, 602, 605, 6io, 624, 633, 
635-637, 648-650, 656, 667, 671, 
676. 

Continental, 382, 414, 576, 577,601, 
Provincial, 56, 57, 382, 550, 566. 

572, 612, 613, 620. 
Congress of deputies of the North 

American colonies, 532, 533. 
Congress street, 183, 197, 289-291, 

293, 299, 332, 342, 360,419,429, 

438. 
Congress Street Baptist church and so- 
ciety, 290. 
Congress Street church, 292. 
Congress Street meeting house, 299. 
Conjurors, 158. 

"Conjurors," ''The Emperor of," 158. 
Connectiruf, 56, 370, 3S3, 595. 
Connecticut river, 369. 

Conner, , 240. 

Connor, William, 541. 
Constables, 26, 34, 39, 40, 73, 74, 537. 
Constitution (ship), 460. 
Constitution, .State, 57, 60, 62-64, 72, 
253, 4S4. 

Amendment of, 58. 
United States, 58, 82, 92-100, 231, 
649, 671, 675. 

Convention at Philadelphia to 
frame, 414. 

Convention to revise, 82, 92-101. 
Continental army, 71, 390, 396, 417, 

545, 549, 570, 577, 578, 581, 

582, 584, 585, 597, 604, 622. 
Continental congress, 382, 531, 538, 

567, 601. 
First, 531. 
Continental Dragoons, 599-601. 



7o8 



INDEX 



Continental frigate, 592. 
Contractors, 677. 
Contracts, 41. 
Contributions, 102, 153. 

to sufferers in the Boston fire, 1794, 
102. 
Convention in Boston, 48. 
Convention, County, 58. 
Convention, Ecclesiastical, at Salem, 

258. 
Convention of Episcopal churches at 

Salem, 259, 260. 
Convention, Ipswich, 57, 61-63, 4^4' 
534, 578, 579- 
to fix prices, 578, 579. 
Convention, New England, 664. 
Convention at Philadelphia to frame 

United States constitution, 414. 
Convention, Senatorial, 445. 
Convention to revise United States con- 
stitution, 82, 92-101. 
Conventions at Concord to regulate 

sales, 596. 
Conveyance, 377. 

Cook, , 127, 

Charles, 318, 562. 
Capt. Charles, 551. 
Henry, 236. 
John, 89, 540, 582. 
John, jr., 187. 
William, 331. 
Cooking, 105. 
Cooking stoves, 182. 
Coolidge, Jonathan, 198, 210, 239, 318, 
319, 687. 

Coombs, , 517- 

John, 511, 614, 682. 
John, esq., 436. 
Capt. John, 641, 647. 
John P., 684. 
Philip, 107, 239, 416, 518. 
William, 66, 83, 107, 112, 148, 313, 
377, 560, 608, 641, 642, 647, 679, 
680. 
Capt. William, 51, 75, 102, 143, 312, 
314, 315.486, 555, 562, 565. 
Coombs' wharf, 332. 
Cooper, John, 27. 

JohnM., 175, 203, 209, 385, 681, 

682. 
William, 560. 
Cooper (trade), 142. 
Coos, N. H., 543. 
Copper, 28. 
bolts, 456. 
castings, 182. 
coin, 170. 
engraving, 79. 
Coppers, 81. 
Coppersmith, 549. 
Copps, Simeon, 650. 



'' Copy of a Letter written by Mr. 

Thomas Parker," etc., 471. 
Coral peak, 457. 
" Corbett," " Emma," 492. 
Cordage, 28, 662. 

factories, 28. 
in Boston, 102. 

Tarred, 28. 
Cork, Ireland, 616, 617, 626, 
Corliss, George H., 248. 
Corn, 179, 193. 
Corner-stone, 308, 523, 676, 677. 

laid, 308. 
Cornhill (street), 153, 498, 512, 515, 
520. 

Boston, 473, 486. 
Cornwallis, General, 598. 
"Correspondence," " Hutchinson's," 

381- 
Corunna, Spain, 604, 630, 631. 
Costumes, 439, 442. 
Cottle, Daniel, 629. 

Ezra, 335. 

Joseph, 19, 26, 498. 
Cottle's lane, 13, 21, 28, 333, 335. 
Cotton, Colonel, 413. 
Cotton, 145, 452, 654. 

cloth, 225, 446. 

goods, 88, 228. 

spinners, 193. 
Cotton Manufacturing corporation, 527. 
Couch, Joseph, 385, 681. 

Robert, 683. 

Samuel, 90. 
Council, 387, 614, 617-619, 637, 654, 
660. 

chamber, 443. 

of province, 366. 
Councillors, 24, 25, 56, 429, 678, 679. 
Counsel, 124, 135, 137. 

fees, 199. 
Count de Grasse (ship), 74. 
Country road, 333, 334, 341, 342, 344, 

347, 348. 
County, Berkshire, 89. 
County commissioners, 186, 339, 346, 

355, 370, 375, 378, 379- 
County convention, 58, 59, 61. 
County street, 359. 
County treasurer, 129. 
Courier (ship), 460. 
Court of commissioners of Alabama 
claims, 236. 
of common pleas, 33, 69, 534, 567, 

568. 
of general sessions, 16, 122, 128-130, 
135, 136, 141, 271, 534, 567, 580. 
of Inquiry, 584. 
Maritime, 107, 627. 
Police, 190, 191. 
Supreme, 153. 



INDEX 



709 



Court house, 13, 16, 22, 25, 26, 30, 
128, 130, 132-134, 141, 183, 185, 
188, 271, 288, 318, 332, 421, 432, 

433. 436, 444> 445- ■ 
Court street, 299, 301, 323, 332, 340, 

399- 
Courts, 16,23, 33,60, 69, 70, 107, 122, 
128-130, 135, 136, 141, 153, 190, 
191, 236, 271,534, 567, 568, 580, 
584, 626, 627. 
Coverly, N., 485. 
Cowan, Capt. John, 626. 
Cowden, John A., 683. 
Cowes, Eng. , 451. 
Cows, 40, 128. 

Cox and Green (schooner), 470. 
Crackers (fire), 538. 
Craft, Colonel, 429. 

Train of artillery of, 429. 
Crandall, Rev. Phineas, 189. 
Cranston, Major, 582. 
Crapo, Hon. William W., 443. 
Cream ladles, 1 70. 

pots, 170. 
Creasey, Francis, 18. 
George W., 423. 
Capt. George W., 439, 671, 672. 
Joseph B., 236. 
Samuel, 17. 
William J., 236. 
Creed, 297. 

Creedon, Cornelius F., 226. 
Creek, Black Rocks, 151. 

Town, 151. 
Cressol, Catherine, 600. 
Cripple, 483. 

Crocker, , 122. 

Benjamin, 16. 
Capt. John, 28, 120. 

Cross, , 589. 

Mr., 362. 
Major, 430. 
Caleb, 384, 511. 
Henry M., 229, 684. 
Joseph, 540. 
Moses, 540, 547, 627. 
Ralph, 16, 17, 26, 31-33, 39, 4'- 45> 
49, 51, 122, 145, 287, 309, 312, 
360, 364, 366, 449, 453, 486, 489, 
572, 578, 587, 588, 614, 637, 
640, 644, 675. 
Ralph, jr., 531, 535, 562. 
Ralph, sr., 449. 
Capt. Ralph, 551, 555. 
Col. Ralph, 366. 
Robert, 512, 681. 
Robert, esq., 433-435- 
Stephen, 17, 26, 53, 57, 58, 61, 62, 
145, 310, 353, 354, 384, 449i 486, 
532, 534, 535. 537, 554. 555. 
572, 587-589, 614, 637, 640, 644, 
675, 678, 679. 



Cross, continued. 

Stephen, esq., 85. 

Maj Stephen, 56, 57. 

William, 112, 113,415,453. 

William, esq., 416. 

Maj. William, 655. 
Cross (S: Greenleaf, 588. 
Cross, Greenleaf & Cross, 589. 
Cross' distillery, 353. 
Cross' shipyard, 353. 
Cross, Red, 454. 

Cross street, 146, 309, 337. 34 L 35'- 
Crown Point (ship), 236, 463. 
Cruikshanks, Rev. James, 286. 
Cruisers, 235, 236, 456, 590, 626, 634, 
653, 660. 

British, 590, 660. 

Confederate, 235, 236, 456. 

English, 653. 
Crusoe (bark), 460. 
Crypt, 266, 267. 
Cuba, 671. 

Cudworth's system, 258. 
Cuff (negro), 585. 
Culler of fish, 26. 
Cullers of staves and hoops, 26. 
Cumberland county, 581. 
Cummings, Nelson P., 685. 
Cunningham, Rev. Cyrus, 303. 
Cupola, 430. 
Cups, 321. 

Curb around the mall, 212. 
Currency, 86, 162, 274, 597. 

Depreciated, 274. 

Paper, 86. 
Curricle, 395. 
Currier, Albert, 203, 236, 682. 

Benjamin, 683. 

Charles H., 467. 

David, 90. 

Diamond, i 7. 

Enoch G., 676. 

Mrs. Eunice Atkinson, 219. 

George E., 467. 

Humphrey W., 659, 

Isaac, 540. 

J. B., 239. 

John, jr., 175, 236, 237, 456, 459, 
461. 

John, 3d, 467. 

Capt. John, 27. 

John J., 13, 207, 209, 227, 426. 

Joseph H., 331. 

Samuel, 90, 203. 

Solomon H., 676, 681, 687. 

William, 237, 287, 454, 459, 460. 

Corp. William, 547. 

William E., 682. 

Hon. William E., 191. 
Currier, Charles H., & Co., 467. 
Currier & Townsend, 459. 
Curtis, Francis, 235. 



7IO 



INDEX 



Curzon mill road, 213. 
Cuseck, William C, 385. 
Gushing, Colonel, 669. 

General, 669. 

Caleb, 90, 139, 141, 162, 196, 235, 
327, 329, 336, 418,441. 509, 520, 
522, 523, 621, 622, 667, 6S1-683. 

Caleb, esq., 416. 

Col. Caleb, 667, 668. 

Hon. Caleb, 186, 189, 203, 206,209, 
218, 419, 421-423, 433-435, 437, 
438, 442, 445, 446, 522. 
Memorial services of, 423. 

JohnN., 237, 337. 

Capt. John N., 453. 

Lawrence B., 227, 228, 329. 

T., 621. 

Thomas, 572. 

Hon. Thomas, 572. 

William, 237, 683. 

Hon. William, 419. 
Gushing & Appleton, 494. 
Gushing guards, 420, 426, 437-439, 

670, 672. 
Cushing's wharf, 332. 
Custom house, 179, 222, 225, 332, 449, 
452, 459, 582, 651, 676, 677, 
679. 

at Portsmouth, N. H., 530. 
Customs, Collectors of, 174, 582, 675, 

676. 
Cutlasses, 662. 
Cutler, David, 17, 503. 

Joseph, 27, 148, 503, 5 78. 

Rev. Manasseh, 55. 

Samuel, 148, 629, 686. 

Thomas, 174. 
Gutter, Abraham, 527. 

Abram Edmunds, 527. 

David E., 27. 

Mrs. Mary, 527. 

Richard, 303. 

Stephen E., 27. 
Cutter, English armed, 612. 
Cutting, Francis B. , 454. 

Capt. Nathaniel, 646. 
Cygnet (steamer), 443. 
" Gymon," 500. 

DAILY EVENING HERALD, 511. 
Daily Evening Union, 515. 
Daily Herald, 509. 
Daily Standard, 517. 
Dalton, Captain, 362, 363. 

W^harf and gate of, 362, 363. 
Mr., 558. 
Capt. J., 107. 
Jeremiah, 17. 
Jonathan, 90. 

Michael, 16, 18, 26, 39, 129, 145, 
364- 



Dalton, continued. 

Tristram, 17, 30, 40, 61, 73, 77, 96, 
97, 100, loi, 134, 170, 312, 531, 
532, 534, 535. 567, 568, 570-572, 
577> 591-594, 608, 614, 627, 637, 
639, 645-647, 678, 679. 

Tristram, esq., 39, 45, 57, 60, 83, 

93. 94. 312, 535, 537. 555- 

Hon. Tristram, 1^6, 215, 409, 413. 
Dalton (brig), 602, 603, 605, 606. 
Dalton (brigantine), 627, 628, 639, 
Dalton street, 180, 222. 
Dam, 149. 

Damages, 336, 339, 340. 
Dame, Hon. Charles C, 232. 

Luther, 298, 684. 

Capt. Luther, 439. 
Dana, Daniel, 325, 327. 

Rev. Daniel, 102, 256, 267, 270, 
284, 286, 336, 328,330,432,495. 

Francis, 92. 

Joseph, 326, 520, 656, 680. 
Dana's, Mr., meeting house, 396. 
Danbury, 578. 
Dancing, 31, 447. 

parties, 154, 155. 

school, 31. 
Danforth, Joseph N., 222. 
Daniel & Mary (brig), 240. 
Daniel I. Tenney (ship), 464. 
Danvers, Mass., 62, 154, 287, 403, 

444, 479, 539, 564. 582. 
Danvers and Georgetown Railroad com- 
pany, 403. 
Danvers Railroad company, 403. 
Danversport, Mass., 479. 
Daring (ship), 465. 
Dartmouth, Lord, 52. 
Dartmouth, Eng., 652. 
Dartmouth (ship), 52. 
Dartmouth college, 442. 
Datua, John Baptiste, esq., 116. 
Dauerty, David, 90. 
Daughters of Temperance, 187. 
Dauphin (ford), 115. 
Davenport, Mr., 383. 

A., 107. 

Anthony, 177, 218, 239, 353, 387, 
486, 635, 645. 

Charles W., 676. 

James. 386. 

Rev. John S. , 264. 

Moses, 209, 387, 388, 682. 

Hon. Moses, 438, 446, 524. 

William, 17, 42, 70, 218, 386, 387. 

Capt . William, 26, 40, 48. 
Davenport's inn, 387, 397, 424, 430, 
Davenport's pasture, 217. 
Davenport's tavern, 383. 
Davenport's wharf, 332, 353, 449. 
David J. Adams (schooner), 469. 



INDEX 



711 



David, Psalms of, 485. 
Davis, Ambrose, 177, 215. 

Benjamin, 16, 17, 547. 

Benjamin, jr., 236, 466. 

Benjamin G., 177. 

David, 90. 

E., 169. 

Elias, 578. 

Lt. Elias, 540, 566. 

Elizabeth, 215. 

Gov. John, 676. 

John \V., 171. 

Joseph, 540, 547. 

Margaret, 215. 

Mary A., 318. 

Samuel, 91. 

Thomas, 134. 

William, 4"! 6, 681, 682. 
Davison, Daniel, 449. 
Dayton, O., 514. 
D. D. degree, 275. 
Deacons, 102, 164, 298. 
Dean, Captain, 55. 

Mrs., 55. 
" Death of Abel," 492. 
" Death of Cain," 492. 
Deaths, 482. 
Debating society, 433. 
Deblois, George, 30. 
Debt, National, 657. 
Decatur (brig), 650-652, 661. 
Deck, Gun, 655. 

Quarter, 653. 
Declaration of independence, 54, 60, 
428, 429, 432, 434, 435, 438-440. 
566, 567, 675. 
Decorations, 447, 448. 
Decree, 324. 
Dedication of churches, 304, 306, 30S. 

of Putnam Free School building, 328. 
Dedications, 275, 278, 284, 289, 295- 

297i 304, 306, 308, 328, 527. 
Deeds, 41, 134, 139, 210, 211, 303, 

305- 
Deer, Informer of, 26. 
Deer Island, 208, 368-371, 430, 431. 
Deer skins, 79. 
Defiance (brigantine), 641. 
DeFord, Samuel T., 200, 418, 422, 

" Delectus Sententiarum et Historiarum 

Ad Usum Tironum," 497. 
Delia Walker (ship), 202. 
Delight (brigantine), 644. 
Demm, William, 540. 
Democratic newspaper, 511, 512, 515, 

517- 
Democrats, 650, 671. 
Dennis, Capt. Patrick, 626. 
Depot, Railroad, 332. 
Dernier Resort Fire society, 346. 



Derzee, Rev. J. H., 303. 
Deserters, 178, 603. 
Despatch (brig), 631. 
D'Estaing, Count, 587. 
Destruction of vessels, 235. 
Devonshire (brig), 651. 
Dexter, Lord, 496. 

Timothy, 79, 136, 261, 285, 339, 
392, 430, 486, 496. 

Lord Timothy, 215, 499. 

Mrs. Timothy, 339. 

Timothy, esq., 495. 

House of, 71, 392, 419. 
Dial of clock, lUummated, 163. 
" Dialogue," " Friendly," 486. 
Dials of the town clock, 162. 
Diamond (ship), 646. 
Diana (ship), 651. 

Diaries, 156, 410, 421, 430, 545, 556, 
557, 595, 602, 606, 628, 629, 631, 
Diary of John Quincy Adams, 101, 
154-156, 410. 

Samuel Cutler, 628. 

Capt. Thomas Greele, 631. 

Caleb Haskell, 545, 556. 

Charles Herbert, 602, 628. 

Samuel Horton, 595. 

Moses Kimball, 421, 430. 

Capt. Ezra Lunt, 606. 

Lt. Paul Lunt, 545. 

Dr. Samuel Nye, 629. 

Joseph W'are, 557. 
Dickson, Asa, 541. 
Dictionary, 321. 
"Dictionary of the Bible," "Brown's," 

497- 
Diligent (schooner), 569-571, 613. 
Dimmick, Rev. L. F., 499. 

Luther F., 522, 523. 

Rev. Luther F., 275, 276, 279, 524. 
Dinan (place), 603. 
Dinners, 255, 415, 416, 419, 424, 
430-434, 436, 438, 439, 441-443. 
445. 558, 579. 669,670. 

Prices of, 579. 
"■ Discourse on Death of General 

George Washington," 494. 
Diseases, 39-41, 72, 76, 117-119, 304. 

Contagious, 39-41, 72, 76. 
Dish, Sign of the, 503. 
Disman & Begen, 575, 
Disorder, 46-48, 537. 
Dispatches, 630. 

Distillation of ardent spirits, 183. 
Distilleries, 145, 147, 353. 
Distillery, Cross', 353. 
Distilling oil of turpentine, 122. 
District attorney, 328. 
Disunion, 664, 665. 
Diversion, 313. 
Dixon, Alexander, 247. 



712 



INDEX 



Dock, Market-house, 189, 190. 

Dockham, Joseph H., 303. 

Docks, 189, 190, 363. 

Doctors' commons, London, Eng., 

471. 
Documents, 41. 
Dodge, Chauncey W., 224. 

Elisha P., 222-224, 227, 241, 242, 
245, 527. 

Hon. Elisha P., 424. 

Harry D., 224. 

John, jr., 296. 

Judith, 153. 

Nathan D., 221, 222, 247. 

Robert, 178. 

Thomas, 240. 

William H. P., 222. 
Dodge & Balch, 221. 
Dodge Brothers, 224. 
Dodge, N. D,, & Bliss, 222. 
Dodge, Nathan D., & Brother, 222. 
Dodge, Nathan D., & Son, 222. 
Dodge & Danforth, 223. 
Dodge, E. P., & Co., 223, 224. 
Dodge, E. P., Manufacturing company, 

224. 
Dodge, E. P., & Sherrill, 224. 
Dodge, William H. P., fund, 527. 
Dog of Lord Timothy Dexter, 499. 
Dogs, 491, 499. 
Dole, Benjamin, 17. 

D., 239. 

Daniel, 687. 

David, 124, 125. 

David, jr., 137. 

Eben S., 684. 

John, 296. 

Jonathan, 17, 363, 364, 540. 

Moses, 17. 

Nathaniel, 241. 

Richard, 449. 
Dolphin (brig), 107. 
Dolphin (schooner), 239. 
Dominga (bark), 202. 
Donations, 153,320,523, 524, 526, 527. 
Donelson, Fort, Capture of, 425. 
Donnell, John, 17. 
Doors, 41, 400. 
Dorchester, Mass., 556. 
Dorchester meeting house, 528. 
Dorchester Point, 578. 
Dorman, Jesse, 288. 
Dorsett, Joseph, 37, 38. 

Peter, 38. 
Douglass, L, 652. 

Dr. J. A., 241. 

Jonathan A., 235. 
Dove (brig), 239, 240. 
Dove street, 334, 345. 
Dover, N. H., 299, 398. 
Dover, Straits of, 604. 



Dow, Aaron, 90. 

Lt. George H., 672. 
Dow, W., & Co., 398. 
Downer, John, 105. 
Dracut, Mass., 148. 
Dragon (bark), 460. 
Dragoons, Continental, 599-601. 
Dram selling, 186. 
Dramatic entertainments, 158. 
Draper & Phillips, 483. 
Draw in Newburyport bridge, 372, 374. 
Drawing, 139, 315. 
Draws in bridges, 372, 374, 375. 
Dreadnaught (ship), 454-456, 460. 
Dresden, Court of, 485. 
Dresses, 662. 
Drift way, 348. 
Drills, Military, 660. 
Drink, 88, 141. 
Drinking fountains, 234. 
Driver (ship), 460. 
Drivers, 380, 381, 394. 
Drown, Rev. Edward L., 265. 
Drug stores, 46. 
Drugs, 30. 

Drummers, 89, 90, 540, 546, 547. 
Drums, 44, 157, 409, 421, 424, 426, 

43i> 54O' 557- 
Drunkards, 184. 

Dry goods, 527, 575, 633, 651, 662. 
Dry goods store, 15 2. 
Drysdale, Capt. William, 663, 664. 
Ducks, 104, 127. 
Duel, 497. 

Duke of Savoy (bark), 651. 
Dumas, Mederic, 115. 
Dummer, John, i 7. 
Dummer Academy, 256. 
Dungeons, 628. 
Dunkirk, 452. 
Dunnells, Eben, 288. 
Dupre, Jacques Moyse, 117. 
Durfee, Rev. Charles S., 270. 
Duties, 45. 

Collectors of, 675. 
Dutton, Warren, 149. 
"Duty," "Nature of," 486. 

EAGLE, 114, 491. 
Eagle (man-of-war), 624. 
Eagle (packet), 629, 630. 
Eagle (schooner), 239. 
Eagle, American, Sign of the, 390. 
Eagle street, 332, 345, 360. 
Earl of Ferrers, 689. 

of Huntingdon, 689. 
Earthenware, 452. 
East Boston, Mass., 234, 237, 459. 
Eastburn, Rev. Manton, 264. 
East Cambridge, Mass., 263. 
East India company, 52-5^. 



INDEX 



713 



East India merchantman, 620. 
East India trade, 202, 456. 
East Indian (ship), 460. 
East meeting house in Salisbury, 372. 
East Sahsbury, Mass., 148. 
Eastern district, 679. 
Eastern Printing association, ^14. 
Eastern railroad, 378, 398, 399, 402, 
404. 

depots, 400-403, 446. 

station, 420. 
Eastern Railroad company, 218, 373, 

374. 399-401, 403, 404. 
Eastern Stage company, 178, 377, 397, 

398. 
Eastern states, 656. 
Eaton, Rev. Asa, 516. 

Benjamin, 540, 547. 

Rev. Edwin A., 298. 

Joseph B., 441 . 
" Ecclesiastical History of Essex 
County," "Contributions to, "513. 
Eddystone (ship), 460. 
Edes, Benjamin, 516. 
Edith (ship), 466. 
Editors, 514-516, 522. 
Edmund (brig), 240. 
Education of female children, 315, 486. 
Education, Journal of, 321. 
Edward VIII. , King, 420. 
Edward Burnett (schooner), 467. 
Edward Kidder (bark), 469. 
Edward Koppisch (bark), 459. 
Edward Lameyer (schooner), 466. 
Edwards, David, 91. 

Ebenezer, 603, 629. 

Jonathan, 91. 

Corp. Jonathan, 89. 

Joseph, 16, 353. 

Theophilus, 90. 
Eells, Rev. William W., 203, 286. 
Effigies, 41, 42, 538. 
Egar, Corp. Benjamin, 90. 

Eggs, 47, 387, 579- 

Pelted with, 47. 
E. H. Hatfield (schooner), 467. 
Eichberg (composer), 442. 
Eighteenth Essex district, 682, 683. 
Eighth Essex district, 684. 
Eighth Massachusetts regiment, 420, 

426, 442, 444, 447, 670, 671. 
Ela, Daniel, 546. 
Elbow lane, 309, 334. 
Elcano (ship), 463. 
Elders, 298. 
El Dorado, 202. 

Election, First, in \'ermont, 484. 
Election sermon, 484. 
Election, State, 688. 
Electric cars to Plum island, 379. 
Electric power, 406, 407. 



Elegy, 427. 

Eliot, President, 213. 

Charles, 213. 

William, 547. 
Eliza Ann (schooner), 467. 
Elizabeth (brig), 651. 
Elizabeth (ship), 646. 
Elizabeth Cushing (ship), 463. 
Elkins, Henry, 397. 
Ella M. Johnson (schooner), 469. 
EUie F. Long (schooner), 469. 
Ellis, C. A., company, 224. 
Elm street, 334. 
Elm tree, 41 . 

Eloisa de Valparaiso (ship), 460. 
Ely, Mrs., 353. 

Embargo The, 432, 621;, 634, 648, 649, 
654, 659. 

bill, 625. 

act repealed, 650. 
Emblems of trade, 79. 
Embroidery, 315. 
Emerson, Mr., 496. 

Bulkeley, 17, 379, 380, 382-384, 
474, 480, 482, 503, 531. 

Bulkeley, jr., 519. 

Rev. John E., 304, 305. 

Joseph, 312, 383, 384. 

Mrs. Mary, 384. 

Samuel, 17, 312. 
Emery, Sergeant, 213, 

Daniel, 91. 

Jessie, 547. 

John, 576, 577. 

Capt. John, 47. 

Lucien A., 179. 

Capt. Stephen, 19. 
Emery, L. A., & Co., 179. 
Emery's mill, 213. 
Emigration to California, 201. 
Eminent domain, 324, 328. 
Enchantress (schooner), 2^6, 466. 
Encroachments, 352, 361-364. 
Eng, 159. 

Engine houses, 199, 291, 310, 323. 
Engineering, Civil, 329. 
Engineers,i94,i98, 232, 235, 250,399. 

Board of, 198. 

Civil, 232, 235. 

Topographical, 194. 
Engines, 671. 

England, 27, 45, 52, 54, 159, 193, 
235, 258,263, 266, 278, 383, 388, 
420, 451, 464, 479, 496, 580, 
601, 603, 618, 651, 653, 661, 664. 

King of, 57, 420, 633. 

War between ?>ance and, 238. 
Neutrality in, 102. 
English (language), ;7i, 311, 315, 327. 
English army, 630. 

officer, 661. 



714 



INDEX 



English books, 1 18. 

English breweries, 146. 

English channel, 604. 

English coist, 603, 656. 

English colors, 614, 616. 

English constitution, 43. 

English cruiser, 653. 

English frigate, 621-623. 

English goods, 29. 

English government, 237, 630, 651. 

English grammar, 315, 316, 322. 

English hay, 579. 

English high school, 320. 

English islands, 450. 

English man-of-war, 629. 

English merchants, 237. 

English officers, 630, 661. 

English periodicals, 512. 

English ports, 235. 

English prison, 603. 

English privateers, 106-108. 

English school, 326. 

English ships, 631. 

English ships-of-war, 622, 628. 

English transports, 561. 

English troop?, 46, 49, 550, 587. 

Engraved music plates, 479. 

Engravers, 79, 427, 428, 485.' 

Engraving, 483. 

Engravings, 166, 427, 428. 
Steel, 321. 

Engs, Capt. Mandatt, 616, 617. 

Enos, Lt. -colonel, 557. 
Col. Roger, 556. 

Entertainments, 156, 158, 204. 

Envoys, American, 109. 

Eon (steam fire-engine), 190. 

Episcopal Church, Newburyport, 495. 

Episcopal churches, 259, 265. 
ministers, 257-259. 

Equestrian company, 157. 
riders, 157. 

Equipment, 582. 

Erie (steam ship), 459, 466. 

Erskine, William, 639. 

Escort (bark), 469. 

" Essay on Man," eic, 485. 

Essex (bark), 467. 

Essex (brig), 107. 

Essex (ship), 645. 

Essex, Mass., 149, 444. 

Essex Bar association, 423. 

Essex canal, 149. 

Essex Circulating library. The, 520. 

Essex county, 13, 16, 25,63, 64, 69-71, 
95, 109, 128, 129, 13?, 133, 135, 
195, 228, 260, 376, 444, 445i 534, 
538, 551, 576, 578, 581, 656, 
668, 679. 

Essex County Agricultural society, 419. 
Exhibition of, 419. 



Essex County Constellation, 517. 

" Essex County," "Contributions to 
the Ecclesiastical History of," 513. 

Essex Courant, 512. 

Essex Gazette, 30, 71, 252, 272, 395, 
480, 500, 501, 529. 

''Essex Harmony," "The," 478. 

Essex Institute, Salem, Mass., 267, 486. 
Historical Collections of, 99. 

Essex Journal and the Massachusetts 
and New-Hampshire General Ad- 
vertiser, 504, 505. 

Essex Journal and Merrimack Packet, 
78, 311, 312, 390, 549, 612. 

Essex Journal and Merrimack Packet ; 
or. The Massachusetts and New 
Hampshire General Advertiser, 

501-503. 
Essex Journal and New Hampshire 

Packet, 88, loi, 107, 146, 160, 

162, 166, 253, 279, 354, 395, 483, 

484, 487, 489, 505, 506. 
Essex Mercury and Weekly Intelligen- 
cer, 501. 
Essex-Merrimack bridge, 255, 357, 

368-371, 405. 
Essex Middle Association, 513. 
Essex North Association, 513. 
Essex North Register, 513. 
" Essex Result," 484. 
Essex river, 149. 
Essex street, 133, 134, 171, 183, 271, 

303, 308, 332, 350, 384, 438. 
Esther, Book of, 482. 
Eulogies, 421, 494. 
"Eulogy on the Life of General George 

Washington," 494. 
Euphrasia (ship), 202. 
Europe, 102, 103, 146, 159, 162, 243, 

278, 369, 455. 563. 577, 626, 634, 

649, 658. 
European publications, 480. 
European traveller, 496. 
Eustis (schooner), 466. 
Eva L. Ferris(schooner), 470. 
Evangeline, A Tale of Acadie, 36. 
Evangelist, 266. 
Evans, Benjamin, 682. 
Ezekiel, 236. 
John, 90. 

Winthrop O., 682. 
Evarts, William M., 235. 
Evening Post, 50Q. 
Evening schools, 311, 313, 314, 322. 
Everett, Hon. Edward, 442. 
Ewer, Charles, 498. 
Excise, 679. 
Execution of Stephen Merrill Clark, 

152. 
Exeter, N. H., 398, 480, 481, 543. 
" Exeter " (tune), 476, 477. 



INDEX 



71S 



Expeditions, Arctic, 447. 
Expedition, Arnold's, 546, 556. 

to Quebec, 273. 
Expedition to Louisboiirg, 3S7. 
Experiment (frigate), 633. 
Experiment (ship), 632. 
Exporter (ship), 466. 
Expresses, 541, 542, 593, 594. 

CACTORIES, 28, 81, 172, 179-181, 
r 183, 222-225, 299, 332. 
Factory, Brick, 223-225. 

Comb, 179, 180. 

Cordage, 28. 

Cotton Baiting, 81. 

of Newburypjrt Hosiery company, 
183. 

Stocking, 179. 

of Towle Manufacturing company, 
1905, 172. 

Yarn, 179, 181, 222. 
Fagots, 530, 531. 

Fair street, 152, 174, 177, 179, 182, 
183, 222, 224, 298, 334, 337, 

338, 35°, 351- 353. 549- 
P"airbanks, James B., 171. 
Fairbanks & Paul, 171. 
Falcon (bark), 465. 
Falls, 148, 149. 

Pawtucket, 148, 149. 
Fall River, Mass., 192. 
Falmouth, Eng., 629, 630. 

Me., 380, 382, 564. 
Fame (brig), 651, 
Famine, 191. 
Fanchon (ship), 461. 
Fancy (brigantine), 639. 
Faneuil hall, 52, 100, 670. 
Fanny (ship), 643. 
Fanny Byrnes (schooner), 469. 
Fares, Car, 401. 

Stage, 397, 398. 
Farewell address of Washington, 425. 
Farley, Capt. D., 107. 

John D., 240. 

Michael, 621. 
Farm, Mr. Peirce's, 351, 361. 
Farm produce, 439. 
Farmers, 13, 18, 36, 387, 439. 

Acadian, 36. 
Farmington, Me., 394. 
Farnham, Daniel, 16, 18, 39, 41, 69, 
120, 122, 129, 130, 341,360,678. 

Daniei, esq., 25, 26, 32, 33, 44, 78, 

135. 361. 

William, 540. 
Farragut (ship), 464. 
Farrar, Samuel, 181. 
F^arris, William, 112, 240, 635, 681. 

William, esq., 416. 

Capt. William, 644, 645, 656. 
Farwell (James D.) (ship), 461. 



Far West (ship), 459. 

F. A. Smith (schooner), 469. 

Fayette county. Pa., 370. 

Fayetteville, N. C, 192. 

Fearless (schooner), 466. 

Fear Not (ship), 466. 

Federal Constitution, 92-101, 215, 675. 

Federal government, 68, 152. 

Federal street, 28, 30, 41, 128, 142, 
145, 154, 162, 176, 183, 247, 270, 
273, 291, 308, 322, 334, 336, 349- 
354, 390, 396, 411, 421, 427,432, 
436, 438, 442, 449, 501, 549, 5^52, 
572,579, 5S8, 617. 
Boston, 93. 

Federal Street meeting house, 318, 434- 

436. 
Federalists, 94, 97, loi. 
Felch, Daniel, 669. 

Daniel M., 684. 

Serg. Daniel M., 669. 

Mrs. Olive, 669. 
Felker, James V., 687. 
Fellon, 71. 

Felton, Prof. Cornelius C, 438. 
Female education, 315, 486. 
Female grammar school, 322. 
Female high school, 322-325, 328. 

house, 323, 324. 
Female schools, 322-325, 328, 499. 
Fence around the mall, 211, 212. 
Fence, Board, 120, 
Fence viewers, 26. 
Fences, 40, 120, 211, 212, 352. 
Fenwick, Rev. Benedict, 299. 
Ferguson, James, 146. 
Ferguson & Laird, 146. 
Fernald, William, 466. 

Rev. William M., 298. 
Ferns, 437. 
Ferrers, Earl of, 689. 
Ferries, 29, 30, 177, 219, 234, 347, 
348, 363, 366-368, 380, 388, 413, 
541. 

Upper, 541. 
Ferry, The, 388. 

Amesbury, 413. 

March's, 177. 

boats, 366-368. 

lane, 333, 348. 

men. 36S, 374. 

road, 219, 234. 

way, 30, 505. 
wharf, 390. 

wharf, 332. 
Fessenden, Moses, 541. 
Festival of St. John the Baptist, 495. 
Fettyplace, Capt. Edward, 646. 
Feu-de-joy, 412. 
Fever, 113, 11 7-1 19, I93> 583- 

Yellow, 119, 193. 
F. H. Odiorne (schooner), 467. 



7i6 



INDEX 



Field pieces, 429, 541, 550, 654. 
Fife, 157, 540. 

Fifers, 90, 540, 546, 547, 557- 
Fifth parish, 13, 18, 21. 

of Newbury, 333. 
Figs, Turkey, 662. 
Figure-head, 1 14. 
Fillmore, John T. , 469. 

Millard, 446. 
Fines, 15, 34. 
Finger, Crooked, 71. 
Finisterre, Cape, 631, 632. 
Finlay, Hugh, 380. 
Finley, James, 369. 
Fire, Tea burned by, 529-531, 539. 
Fire arms, 55, 104, 548, 581, 582, 671. 
Fire in Boston, 1794, 102. 
Fire department, 198-201, 422, 436- 

438, 444, 447. 
Fire, Dernier Resort, society, 346. 
Fire-engine companies, 152, 190, 199, 

433, 43S. 
Fire-engine, Steam, 190. 
Fire-engines, 14,15, 190, 191, 436, 444. 
Fire, Great, of 1811, 139, 152, 153, 

177, 288, 296. 
Fire of 1826, 153. 
Firemen, 181, 276, 444, 660. 

injured, 276. 
Fire pots, 632. 
Fires, 30, 68, 181, 191-194, 212, 225, 

276, 280, 298, 306, 319, 324,388, 

391, 402. 
Extinguishing, 228, 229. 
Firewards, 26, 105. 
Firewood, 310. 
Fireworks, 158, 233, 412, 431-433' 

435-438, 440, 444, 446, 448. 
Firing of scholars, 310. 
First Baptist church, 291. 
First Baptist society, 287, 288. 
First Christian church and society, 29S. 
First Christian society, 299. 
First church, 252, 253. 
First church in West Newbury, 514. 
First Essex district, 682, 683. 
First Methodist Episcopal church, 296. 
First National bank, 221. 
First parish, 214, 

First Parish church in Newbury, 93, 253. 
First Parish meeting house, 65. 
First Presbyterian church, 88, 218, 265- 

270, 273, 280, 281, 284, 286, 447, 

546. 
First Presbyterian meeting house, 183, 

291, 304, 421, 427, 432, 494. 
First Presbyterian society, 299, 447. 
First Presbytery of the Eastward, 41 1, 

412. 
First regiment, 668. 
of heavy artillery, 669. 



First Religious society, 102, 271, 331, 

423- 
Meeting house of. 137, 183, 666. 
First Religious society of Newburyport, 

252-255, 432, 689. 
First Social Library society. The, 519. 
First Universalist church, 297. 
Fish, 26, 29, 104, 136, 141, 147, 173, 
174, 456, 631,651. 
Blue, 174. 
Cod, 173, 174. 
house, 141. 
market, 136. 
R'gulating sale of, 104. 
Fish street, 13, 21, 29, 68, 129, 164, 
166, 169, 177, 178,2^2,271,311, 
338, 349, 350, 356, 380, 386, 505, 
562. 
Fisher, Jabez, 576, 621. 

Mary, 30. 
Fisheries, 598. 
Fishermen, 174. 
Fishing, Bounty on, 174. 
industry, 1 73-175, 598. 
Whale, 175. 
Fisk, Samue', 89. 
Fiske, Rev. Daniel T., D. D., 278, 

307, 524- 
Fitch, Zachariah, 350. 
Fitz, Aaron, 178. 

George, 118. 

John, 124, 125, 319, 519, 656, 686. 

Mark, 17, 312, 350, 585, 680. 
Fitzpatrick, John B., 300. 
Flag, American, 106, 236, 431, 648. 

English, 634. 

Red, 119. 
Flags, 106, 119, 236, 421, 424, 425, 

430, 431. 439, 446, 447, 456-458, 
603, 621, 622, 634, 662, 671. 

Signal, 662. 
Flanders, Andrew S., 291. 

Nehemiah, 169, 585. 
Flats, 365. 
P'lavio (ship), 461. 
Flax, 145. 
Fleet, T. & J., 482. 
Fleet, American, 595, 601. 

British, 590, 595. 

French, 585, 587. 

of flat-bottomed vessels, 607. 
Fleet's Almanack and Massachusetts 

Register, 675. 
Fleming, John, 480. 
Fletcher, Capt. John, 640, 679. 
Flints, 105. 

Flood, Rev. John J., 303. 
Flora (schooner), 107. 
Florida (Confederate cruiser), 236. 
Florida (ship), 460. 
Fiorine F. Nickerson (schooner), 469. 



INDEX 



717 



Flour, 193, 550, 559, 579, 626, 661. 

Flowers, 436, 437, 439. 

Flutes, 157, 421, 430. 

Fly (schooner), 647. 

Flying Cloud (schooner), 466. 

" Flying Dutchman," 455. 

Fogg, Charles J., 685. 

Charles R., 227. 

Jeremiah, 311. 
Follansbee, Amos, 541. 

Nathan, 328, 441. 

Nathaniel, 27. 

Capt. T., 107. 

Thomas, 16. 
Folsom, B. W., 509. 

John West, 547. 
Food, 153, 192, 193, 548, 594. 
Fool, 491. 

Foot, Corp. Samuel, 89. 
Forbes, Rev. Darius, 298. 

John, 652. 

William, 27, 304. 
Ford, Samuel T. De, 418, 422. 

Serg. Timothy,''540. 

Rev. William, 285, 286.' 
"Forecastle to the Cabin," 454. 
Foreigners, 414. 
Forfeitures, 43. 

Forrester street, 208, 348, 465. 
Forrester Street grammar school, 441. 
Fort Merrimack, 562. 
Fort on Plum island, 67, 565, 566, 606, 

609, 610. 
Fort Sumter, 670. 
Fort Western, 558. 
Forth, James, 541. 
Fortifications in Boston harbor, 566. 

at Newburyport, 607, 608. 

on Plum island, 660. 
Forts, 67, 558, 562, 565, 566, 580, 

584, 606, 608-610, 625, 670. 
Fortune (schooner), 645. 
Foss, Jacob, 547. 

John, 492. 
Foster, Widow, 344. 

Capt. Benjamin, 612. 

Daniel, 337, 417, 433. 

Jedediah, 621. 

Jeremiah, 91. 

John S., 517. 

Nathaniel, 27, 163, 169, 171, 422, 
441, 682. 

Robert, 342, 343. 

Corp. Samuel, 540. 

Serg. Samuel, 547. 

Samuel H., 680. 

Corp. Simon, 90. 

Thomas, 169, 171. 
Foster, N. & T., 171. 
Foundry, Brass, 179. 

Iron, 179, 182. 



Fountain on the mall, 213. 
Fountains, Drinking, 234. 
Fourth Essex congressional district, 150. 
Fourth of July celebrations, 428, 429. 
Fourth Middle congressional district, 

109. 
Fourth parish, 19. 
church, 305. 
meeting house, 306. 
Fourth Religious society, 280, 281, 306. 

Meeting house of, 183, 184. 
Fowle, Serg. Robert, 546. 
Fowler, Moses H., 683. 
Olive, 600. 
Richard, 207, 336. 
Robert, 541. 
Fox, Rev. Thomas B., 256, 425. 

Thomas P., 499. 
Fox (schooner), 107. 
Fox creek, 149. 
Frame, Picture, 428. 
France, 102, 109, 115, 117, 238, 575, 
576, 605, 651. 
War between England and, 238. 
Neutrality in, 102, 
Franchise (ship), 461. 
Francis, Col. James, 659. 
Francois, Cape, 633. 
Franconia (ship), 464. 
Frank G. Dow (schooner), 467. 
Frank N. Thayer (ship), 465. 
Frank Rudd (schooner), 468. 
FrankHn, Benjamin, 162, 381, 382,518. 
Franklin Debating society, 433. 
Franklin house, 393. 
Franklin librar}', 521. 
FrankHn street, 332, 334, 355. 

Frazier, , 451. 

Moses, 62, 350, 531, 535, 678, 679, 

687. 
Nathan, 241. 
Frederick, Md;, 600. 
Fredonia (bark), 461. 
" Freedom from Civil and Ecclesiasti- 
cal Slavery," etc., 482. 
Freeman, Samuel, 576, 578. 
Free Masons, 154, 155, 261. 
Free Press, The, 512, 513. 
Free Public library, 527. 
Free school, 315. 
Free Trade (ship), 460. 
Freewill Baptists, 514. 
Freight, 573, 574. 
French, Amos, 541, 
David M., 440. 
Edson G., 523. 
Elias, 295. 
Stephen, 90. 
French (nationality), 307. 
French Academy, 492. 
French books, 1 18. 



7i8 



INDEX 



French claims, 238. 
French convoy, 632. 
French fleet, 585, 587. 
French government, 102. 
French language, 311, 315, 486. 
French neutrals, 37. 
French possessions in America, 238. 
French privateers, 106, 114, 238. 
French refugees, 114, 115, 215. 
French republic, 109. 
French revolution, 114, 117. 
French war, 106, 633. 

Old, 413- 
French war with England, 238. 
French West India islands, 533. 
Fresco, 296. 
Freshet 551. 

Friend, Capt. William, 40, 562, 640. 
Friend, Citizens% 316. 
"Friendly Dialogue," 486. 
"Friendly Letters," 486. 
Friends (ship), 614, 616, 618, 619. 
Friendship (schooner), 642. 
Friendship (sloop), 241. 
Frigate, American, 648. 

Continental, 592. 
Frigates, 449, 572, 573, 580, 588, 590, 
t;92, 602, 603, 609, 621023, 626, 
631, 633, 634, 648, 651,655, 656. 

British, 651, 655. 

English, 602, 621-623, 633, 634,;656. 
"Fright," ''Ipswich," 543. 
Frocks, 433, 437- 
Frog, 127. 

Frog pond, 22, 28, 55, 77, 78, 80, 
104, 119-125, 128, 130, 137, 143' 
183, 185, 196, 199, 200, 211-214, 
226,317,318, 332, 339, 358>365. 
431. 435-437, 440, 444. 539- 
Frost, Enoch, 547. 

James E., 226. 

James N., 226. 
Frothingham, A., 239. 

Andrew, 69, 131, 136,239,352,680. 
House of, 131. 

Benjamin, 17, 239, 339. 

Henry, 132, 139, 188, 189,209, 441, 
521, 681. 

Isaac, 541, 547. 

James, 331. 

Joseph, jr., 578. 

Joseph A., 526. 

Richard, jr., e-q., 437. 

Stephen, 372. 

Thomas, 540. 

Serg. Thomas, 547. 
Fruit street, 1 58. 326, 332,336-338,418. 
Fuel, 559. 

Fuller, Colonel, 583. 
Funeral of Rev. Thomas Cary, 256. 

of Abraham Lincoln, 422, 423. 

of Capt. Michael Titcomb, 601. 



Funeral services, 485, 582, 601. 
Funerals, 104, 141, 256, 286,422, 423, 
582, 601. 

Tolling of bells for, 104, 141. 
Furlong, Henry, 668. 

Lawrence, 16. 

Capt. Lawrence, 493. 
Furniture, 41, 70, 164, 181, 388, 392, 
442. 

Colonial, of New England, 164. 
Furs, 574, 575. 

PAGE, GENERAL, 54, 537, 552, 

^-^ 553- 

Governor, 54. 

J., 239. 

Jonathan, 261, 325, 326, 378, 680, 
6S1. 
Gage & Balch, 108. 
Gale, Climena G., 148. 

Ephraim, 90, 
Gales, 175, 451. 
Gallashon, Abraham, 17. 
Gallego (ship), 460. 
Galleries, 93, 204, 253, 263, 267, 2S3, 

286, 289. 
Gallery in meeting house, 253. 

in St. Paul's church, 263. 

in Town hall, 204. 
Galley, Row, 573. 
Gallishan, Rebecca, 318. 
Game, 29. 

Game Cock (sloop), 613, 614, 637. 
Games, 156. 

Gangway rocks, 149-151, 185, 195. 
Gangway, Ship's, 615. 
Gaol, 47. 

Garden Reach (ship), 464. 
Gardner, Aaron, 91. 

Hon. Augustus P., 444. 

Gov. Henry J., 419. 
Visit of, 419. 
Gardoqui & Sons, 577. 
Garrison, 610. 
Garrison, William L., 434. 

William Lloyd, 440, 512, 513. 
Statue of, 44O. 
"Garrison," "William Lloyd," "Life 

of," 513- 
Gaspee (ship), 463. 
Gate-keepers, 377. 
Gates, 73, 362, 377, 378, 628. 

Toll, 378. 
Gates, Maj.-gen. Horatio, 582. 
Gates (brigantine), 642. 
Gateway, 219. 
"Gathered Leaves," 116. 
Gauger of customs, 676. 
Gay, Lewis, 541. 
Gazette, 500. 

G. C. Trufant (ship), 464. 
Geese, 104. 



INDEX 



719 



General Arnold (ship), 630-633, 640. 

General Assembly, 44. 

General court, 13, 16, 18-20, 23-21:;, 

32-35' 37, 43' 44. 49, 5°. 52, 58- 
60, 62, 64-68, 77, 81, 82, 85, 91, 
92, 98, 99, 124, 125,137, 148, 150, 
152, 154, 183, 190, 191, 194, 196, 
204,206, 207, 209 228, 230, 235, 
252, 259, 265, 266, 276, 289, 290, 
316, 335, 372, 374, 377-379, 3^6, 
397-399, 403, 405, 414, 437, 47i, 
521,523, 535, 537, 549,550,554, 
555, 560, 562-565, 567, 569-573, 

575, 576, 578-583, 587, 588, 590, 
592-594, 597, 59S, 606-610, 612, 
613, 621, 624, 627, 650, 656, 664, 
667, 669, 675, 678, 679, 688. 

General sessions. Court of, 23, 122, 128- 
130, 135, 136, 141, 271,339, 534, 
567, 5S0. 

General statutes, 303. 

General Wadsworth (sloop), 635, 636, 

645- 
General Worth (brig), 202. 
Geneva, Switzerland, 235. 
"Gentlemen and Ladies Musical Com- 
panion,''' 479. 
"Geography," "Common school, "496, 
"Geography," "Modern," 497. 
George (brig), 239. 
George (snow), 632. 
George, Rev. Benjamin \'., 286. 

Daniel, 483. 

George J., 683. 

Jdhn, 629. 

josiah, 629. 

Moses, 17, 547. 
George III., King, 621. 
George Giiswold (ship), 193. 
George, Lake, 582. 
George Warren (ship), 467. 
George West (ship), 463. 
Georgetown, D. C., 153. 
Georgetown, Mass., 222, 226, 402, 

403, 407, 440. 
Georgetown, Rowley & Ipswich Rail- 
road company, 407. 
Georgia, 37, 382, 669. 
Georgia Diana (brigantine), 627. 
German, 492. 
German merchants, 456. 
Germantown (bark), 467. 
Germantown, Pa., Battle of, 599-601. 
Gerrish, Benjamin, 39, 40. 

Miss Elizabeth, 280. 

Enoch, 659. 

Mrs. Jane, 386. 

Joseph, esq., 57. 

Mrs. Mary (Noyes), 3S6. 

Moses, 386. 

Samuel, 26, 33, 135, 473, 474. 



Gerrish, continued 

Maj. Samuel, 19. 

Miss Sarah, 386. 

Capt. William, 386. 
Gerry, Elbridge, 92. 

Hon. Elbridge, 567. 
Gesner, Solomon, 492. 
Gettysburg, 440. 
Gibbons, Doctor, 495. 
Gibbs, Capt. Caleb, 599-601. 
Gibraltar, 631. 
Gibson, Mary, 527. 
Giddings, Capt. Andrew, 638. 

Stephen, 541. 
Giddins, Jacob, 17, 26, 27. 
Gideon (schooner), 239. 
Gideons, Captain, 595. 
Gift to Timothy Palmer, 369. 
Gifts, 191-193, 234, 243, 245, 248, 
250, 261, 264, 285, 288, 320, 321, 
335, 369, 440, 524, 526, 527, 667, 
668, 689. 
Giles, Jemima, 601. 

Rev. John, 218, 256, 285, 286. 
Gill, Moses, 621. 
Gilman, A., 142. 

Daniel, 393. 

John, 28S, 331. 

John E., 441. 

W. , 288. 

Whittingham, 319, 681. 
Gilman, W. & J., 492, 512, 522. 
Gilman's hotel, 415, 433. 
Oirls, 315, 316, 318, 322, 326-328, 557. 

School, 132. 
Glasgow (Biitish sloop-of-war), 602. 
Glass, 30. 

Cut, 662. 

Duty on, 45. 

Portrait painted on, 663. 

ware, 452. 
Gleaner (ship), 463. 
Gleason, Joseph, 516. 
Gleason's Pictorial Drawing-Room 

Companion, 374. 
Glendower (ship), 463. 
Globe, 114. 

Sign of the, 386. 
Gloriosa (schooner), 639. 
Gloucester, Mass., 192, 551, 564, 661. 
Glove, Sign of the, 79. 
Glove, Silk, 452. 
(jlover. Col. John, 561. 

Gen. Jonathan, 587. 
Gloves, 30, 452. 
" God Save the Queen," 420. 
Goddard, William, 381. 
Godefrey, Nicholas Cools, 117. 
Godfrey, Carlos E., 599. 
Godfrey's hill, 106. 
Gold, 167, 201,456, 668. 



720 



INDEX 



Gold, con/ill tied. 

Discovery of, in California, 201, 456. 

beads, 169, 171. 

pencil, 321. 
Golden Bail, Sign of the, 79. 
Golden Eagle, Sign of the, 30. 
Golden Rule (bark), 466. 
Golden West (schooner), 466. 
Goldsmith, Oliver, 491. 
Goldsmiths, 169, 170, 668, 
Goloshes, 30. 
Goodale, Nathan, 62. '*' 
Good Hope (bark), 460. 
Goodhue, George, 17. 

Capt. H., 107. 

Hezekiah, 540. 

John, 541, 547. 

John W., 685. 

Joseph, 17. 

Capt. Joseph, 644. 
Goodrich, Charles, 240. 

Granville, 430. 
Goods, 39, 578, 596. 

English, 29. 
Goodsell, Bishop, 297. 
Goodwin, George, 682, 683. 

Henry, 276. 

Nathaniel, 578. 

Richard, 547. 

Thomas C, 683. 

William, 207. 
Gordon, Timothy, 582. 
Gore, Gov. Christopher, Visit of, 414. 
Gorham, Nathaniel, 92. 
Gospel Advocate, 517. 
Gould, Capt. Benjamin, 582. 

Miss Hannah F., 116, 218, 219, 

422, 425, 434-436. 
Thomas, 367, 540, 547. 

Government, 4S4. 
Governor, Military, 537. 
Governor, Royal, 46. 
Governors, 13, 21, 25, 41, 50, 54, 190, 
191, 207, 266, 328, 366, 374, 
386, 408, 414, 419, 445, 447, 
619, 635, 636, 654, 660, 675, 676, 
678. 
Gowen, Col. John E., 405. 
Grace church, Boston, 689. 
"Grace and Glory," etc., 489. 
Grace (Jordon (ship), 460. 
Grain, 77, 183, 184, 559. 
Grammar, 312, 315, 316, 322. 
English, 315, 316, 322. 
Latin, 485. 
Grammar school, 14, 309, 311, 313, 
316, 317, 320, 322. 
Female, 322. 
for girls, 318, 322. 
Grammar schoolmasters, 309, 3I5-3I7' 
Grand Army of the Republic, 220, 

423, 439-441.444. 447- 



Grand Monarch (ship), 636, 646. 
Grand-stand, 447. 
Granger, Daniel, 687. 

George T. , 163, 328. 
Granger's wharf, 332. 
Grant, General, 425. 

Ulysses S., 420. 
Visit of, 420. 
Granterre, Island of Guadaloupe, 116. 
Grants, 120, 363. 

Grapes, Bunch of. Sign of the, 390. 
(jrapes. Bunch of, tavern, 386, 387, 390. 
"Grave beneath the Thorn Tree," 

"The," 116. 
Gravel, 122, 365, 377. 
Graves of seamen, 215. 
Gravestone inscription, 317- 
Gravestones, 115, 1 16, 214, 216-218. 
Gray, Harrison, esq., 616. 

John, 616-618. 

John, jr., 522. 
Great Britain, 43, 45, 46, 49, 109, 166, 
235, 257, 274, 432, 530, 531,533, 
536, 563, 566, 577, 579,618,619, 
633. 650, 657, 665. 

King of, 577. 
Great pasture, 18, 21, 40, 41, 72, 73. 
Great rocks, 151. 
Greek. 322, 438, 498. 

books, 1 18. 
Greeley, Gen. AdolphusW., 668. 

Lt. Adolphus W., 443, 447. 

Rev. Leslie C, 689. 

Stephen, 336. 

Capt. Thomas, 631, 632. 
Green, Lt. -colonel, 557. 

General, 5S3. 

Col. Charles C, 670. 

Col. Christopher, 556. 

Bartholmew, 471, 472. 

Miss S. A., 323, 324. 

Samuel, 473. 

Dr. Samuel A., 473. 

Sarah A., 526. 

William, 485, 492. 
Green, The, Boston, 531. 
Green Dragon inn, 96. 
Green street, 79, 99, 124, 128, 130, 
146, 158, 176, 178, 182, 203, 284, 
286, 290-293, 300, 301, 307, 322, 
324, 327, 332, 334, 339, 340, 355- 
358, 364, 399, 405, 414.415. 421, 
424. 431. 433. 437. 438. 
Green Street Baptist church, 290-292. 
Green Street Baptist Meeting House 

corporation, 291, 292. 
Greene, William Lloyd Garrison, 191. 
Greenfield, Mass., 173. 
Greenhalge, Hon. P'rederick T., 440. 
Greanleaf, , 494, 588, 589. 

Captain, 338. 

Colonel, ^6^. 



INDEX 



721 



Greanleaf, continued. 
Judge, 136. 
Mr., 552, 553. 

Abel, 73, 339, 555, 637, 647. 
Abiel, 555. 
Abner, 16, 531, 614. 
Albert W., 687. 
B-, 542, 543. 619, 621. 
B., jr., 17. 
Benjamin, 44, 51, 109, 134, 339, 

361, 535, 540, 544, 545, 550, 613, 

614, 678. 
Ben]amin, esq., 45, 48, 49, 131, 309, 

535, 555, 560, 561. 
Hon. Benjamin, 57, 64, 65, 92, loi, 

313, 408, 486, 608, 614, 624. 
David, 39. 
Ebenezer, 26. 
Edmund, 17. 
Miss Elizabeth, 386. 
Francis, 17. 
Jm 107. 

John, 322, 378, 396. 
Jonathan, 26, 61, 62, 64, 137, 315, 

449, 534- 572, 587, 678, 679. 
Jonathan, esq., 34, 588. 
Capt. Jonathan, 52, 53, 57, 58, 534, 

535, 537, 554, 555- 

Hon. Jonathan, 65, 408. 

Joshua, 17, 26, 318. 

Mayo, 17, 541. 

Widow Mercy, 74, 75. 

Moses, 540. 

Lt. Moses, 566. 

Richard, 41, 360. 

Richard, esq., 26, 32, 33, 69, 70. 

Samuel, 26, 271, 314, 386. 

Stephen, 362, 363, 449. 
Greenleaf & Cross, 572, 589. 
Greenleaf's, Widow, Debt, 75. 
Greenleaf 's field, 399. 
Greenleaf's hill, Captain, 121. 
Greenleaf's lane, 145, 338, 356, 449. 
Greenleaf street, 358. 
Greenleaf's wharf, 332. 
Greenough, , 156. 

Fanny, 318. 

Joseph, 17, 40, 531. 

Joseph M., 406. 
Gregory, Capt. John, 631. 
Gregson (ship), 631, 633. 

Grenada, 450. 
Grey, Lewis, 616. 
Griffin, Eliphalet, 517. 
Grififin block, 225. 
Griffin's wharf, Boston, 53. 
Grist mill, 179. 
Grog shops, 1 86. 
Grosvenor (ship), 530. 
Grounder, John J., 394. 
Grove, 435. 



Groveland, Mass ,407, 440. 
Guadaloupe, Island of, 115-118, 215, 

452. 
Guard, 73, 76, 653. 

at Oldtown bridge, 73. 
Guards, 39, 40, 581, 628. 
Guards, Gushing, 670, 672. 
Guiding Star (ship), 463. 
Guild, Benjamin, 487. 
Guinea (money), 413. 
Gully, 344. 

Gunboats, 457, 466, 671. 
Gun carriages, 609. 
Gun deck, 112. 

Gun house, 199, 212, 431, 434. 
Gun locks, 581. 
Gunner, 114. 

Gunnison, Benjamin, 296. 
Ebenezer, 680. 
William, 291. 
Gunnison's wharf, 332. 
Gunpowder, 44, 55, 56, 105, 452, 538, 
550, 562, 563, 565, 566, 570,575, 
626, 662. 
Guns, 44, 50, III, 114, 202, 415, 421, 
426, 439, 443, 558, 560, 562,565, 
568, 569, 572, 573, 578, 590, 593, 
602, 610, 621, 624, 626-636, 650, 
651, 653, 655,656, 661. 
Swivel, 573, 635. 
Gurney, Hon. Orrin J., 230, 291, 440. 
Guttenberg's head, 492. 
Guy Fawkes day, 538. 
Gwynn, Anthony, 17. 

HACKETT, EDWARD, 31. 
John, 603. 

William, 113, 453, 603. 
Hadley, Rev. Willis A., 307. 
Hadley, Mass., 275. 
" Hail to the Chief," 420, 426. 
Hair, 282. 
Hale, , 517. 

Albert, 324. 

Albert, esq., 439. 

Amos, 547. 

Benjamin, 241, 388, 396, 398. 

B. E., 514, 515. 

Benjamin W., 385. 

Benjamin W., esq., 194. 

David, 90. 

Ebenezer, 291. 

Capt. Ebenezer, 486. 

Edward A., 684. 

Eliphalet, 543. 

Enoch, 614. 

Dr. F^rank A., 247. 

George E., 653, 662, 663. 

Jacob, 209, 396. 
House of, 396. 

Jacob, jr., 396. 



722 



INDEX 



Hale, continued. 

John, 288. 

Joseph, 396. 

Joshua, 209, 682. 

Capt. Joshua, 164, 279. 

Tosiah L., esq,, 279. 

j. W., 664. 

Moses, 175, 209. 

Capt. Moses, 641, 644. 

Moses E., 300. 

Dr. Nathan, 161. 

Richard, 540, 547. 

Sarah W., 291. 

Thomas, 184, 333. 

WiUard J., 385, 440, 684. 
Hale, Jacob, & Son, 396. 
Hale's court, 178. 223, 247, 334. 
Hale street, 208, 346. 
Haley, William, esq., 485. 
Half-tide rocks, 151, 185, 195, 208. 
Halifax, N. S., 201, 621, 651, 661. 
Hall, Samuel, 482, 487, 540. 
Halleday, William, 288. 
Hallet, Capt. Allen, 635. 
Halliday, John, 541. 

William, 540. 
Halls, 52, 100, 134, 141, 154, 157, 158, 
189, 190, 192, 193, 202-204, 291, 
297, 299, 430, 434-437, 670. 
Halter, 624. 
Ham, 616. 
Ham, T., 239. 
Hamblet, Daniel, 393, 394. 

Horace, 393. 
Hamill, S. S., 263. 
Hammond, Miss Elizabeth, 527. 

John, 541. 

Stephen, 388. 

Thomas, 540, 547. 
Hampshire county, 95. 
Hampstead, N. H., 326. 
Hampton, N. H., 147, 153, 398, 415, 

418, 544, 545. 
Hampton Falls, N. H., 291, 397. 
Hams, 589. 

Hanaford, Phebe A., 526. 
Hancock, John, 593. 

Gov. John, 94-99, 387, 408, 427. 
Hancock (continenal frigate), 573. 
Hancock (frigate), 449. 
Hancock (privateer), 627. 
Hancock (vessel), 572. 
Hancock house, 393. 
Hancock street, 332, 334. 
Handkerchiefs, Silk, 452. 
Hanging of Stephen Merrill Clark, 153. 
Hannah (brig), 240. 
Hannibal (ship), 634, 644. 
Hanuel, Richard, 547. 
" Happy and Blest are They," 423. 
Harbor, 551, 580, 595, 606-610, 625. 



Harbor, continued. 

Boston, 49, 74, 573, 606, 607, 622. 

Fortifying of, 573, 606, 607. 

Charleston, S. C., 670. 

Machias, Me., 612, 613. 

Newburyport, 74, 79, 80, 150, 1 51, 
194, 195, 208, 421, 424, 430, 
431, 649, 651, 654. 
Defence of, 654. 
Map of, 151. 

New London, 602. 
Hardie, Robert Gordon, 388. 
Harlow, Rev. Samuel A., 305. 
Harmonia (ship), 464. 
Harmony (scliooner), 239. 
" Harmony," " American," 478. 
" Harmony," "The Essex," 478. 
" Harmony," "Select," 479. 
"Harmony," "The New Universal," 

478, 479. 
"Harmony," "The Village," 497. 
Harness, 217. 
Harp, 481. 
Harpsichord, 156. 
Harpy (brig), 661-664. 
Harriet (brig), 240. 
Harriot (ship), 629, 630. 
Harris, Benjamin, 17. 

Edward, 79, 535, 539, 555. 

John, 17, 26, 30.— 

John 11., 513.,^ 

Samuel, 540, 547. 

Thomas, 547. 
Harris street, 157, 183,200, 247, 284, 
286, 322, 332, 334, 339, 355, 388, 
405, 430, 434. 
Harris Street meeting house, 285. 
Harrison, George. 644. 

President William Henry, 421, 422. 
Death of, 421, 422. 
Harrison street, 332. 
Harrod, John, 336. 

Mary, 276. 
Harsha, D. A., 79. 
Hart, Benjamin, 395. 

J- s., 395. 

Lydia, 601. 
Hartford, Conn., 263, 438. 
Hartley, Rev. J. H., 298. 
Harvard (batk), 469. 
Harvard (ship), 459, 
Flarvard, Mass., 505. 
Harvard college, 213, 270, 414, 438, 

581, 678. 
Harvester (bark), 469. 
Harvey, Thomas, 78. 

William, 26. 
Hasilton, James, 89. 
Haskell, Caleb, 17, 26, 27, 540, 545, 

547, 556. 
Diary of, 556. 



INDEX 



723 



Haskell, contuiued. 

Frances, 17, 39. 

George, 689. 

Hiram B., 438. 

Nathan, 296. 

Nathaniel, 541. 

Nehemiah, 17. 

Solomon, 239, 281. 
Haskell's wharf, 332. 
Haskins, Joseph T., 393, 
Hastings, Theophilus, 689, 

William, 509. 
Hat, 282. 

Hatteras, Cape, 451. 
Hattie E. Smith (schooner), 467. 
Hattie L. Newman (schooner), 469. 
Havanna, 633. 
Haven, Nathaniel, 373. 

Thomas, 373, 397. 
Haverhill, Mass., 31, iii, 149, 153, 
166, 205, 232, 382, 396, 397, 407, 
447, 467, 483, 527, 552, 582, 669. 

N. H., 484. 
Haverhill & Amesbuty Street Railway 

company, 376, 407. 
Haverhill City Guards, 426. 
Haverhill Light infantry, 445. 
Hawk (schooner), 240, 626. 
Hawke (schooner), 638. 
Hay, 77, 78, 360. 

English, 579. 
Hay scales, 77, 78, 122, 123, 128,314. 
Haydn (composer), 442. 
Haydn Brown (bark), 469. 
Haynes, Thomas, 540. 
Hayward, 26. 

Hayward, Rev. Laurence, 689. 
Hazard (brigantine), 635, 645. 
Hazard, Ebenezer, 94, 97, 382. 
Hazelhurst, Robert, 241. 
Hazeltine, William, 540. 
Hazelton, Daniel, 677. 

Daniel, esq., 677. 
Hazen, William, 17, 91. 

Capt. William, 627. 
Health officer, 74, 76. 
Hearse house, 217. 
Hearses, 217, 

Heath, Major-general, 584. 
Heating, 105. 

Hebbart, Capt. Jeremiah, 638. 
Hebrides, 457. 

Helen Young (schooner), 466. 
Hemphill, David, 585. 
Hendee, Charles J., 495. 
Henderson, Francis D., 685. 
Hendrick, Cresar, 69. 
Henry, John Joseph, 656, 658. 
Henry the Fourth, 158. 
Henry Perkins (schooner), 468. 
Henry Withington (schooner), 467. 
Henshaw, Hon. David, 668. 



Herald of Gospel Liberty, 514. 
Herald office, 517. 

Herbert, Charles, 602, 603, 628, 629. 
Diary of, 602. 
John, 17, 44, 310, 314, 535. 
Joseph, 541. 
Hero (ship), 625, 626. 
Hero (sloop), 240. 
Herrick, Serg. John, 90. 
Hervey, Miss Sarah P., 668. 

William, 676. 
Hesper (bark), 463. 
H. G. Johnson (bark), 468, 
Hibernia (brigantine), 634. 
Hibernia (schooner), 634, 642. 
Hidden, James, 26. 
Hides, 654. 

Higgins, James H,, 516. 
Higginson,Rev.Thomas W., 256, 436, 

522, 523. 
High school, 320, 321, 329, 440. 

for girls, 243, 322. 
High street, 21, 30, 71, 78, 121, 122, 
124, 141, 142, 154, 158, 163, 167, 
183, 185, 206, 208, 215, 219, 221, 
227, 228, 234, 245, 256, 265, 270, 
305, 324, 326, 327, 332-342, 344- 
349, 355, 358, 359, 392, 399, 400, 
404-406, 409, 416, 418, 419, 436, 
438, 441, 442, 556, 666. 
Highflyer (ship), 460. 
Highland avenue, 245. 
Highland cemetery, 216-218. 
Highways, 21, 22, 47, 123, 124, 134, 
135, 199, 200, 247, 333-362, 370, 
375, 378, 379, 450. 
Repairs of, 14, 199. 
Surveyors of, 26, 358. 
Hill, Lieutenant, 616, 617. 
Capt. Benjamin, 640. 
Charles, 236. 
Charles Q., 236. 
Hill, Godfrey's, 106. 
Hill street, 208, 212. 
Hills, Andrew, 350. 
John, 313, 314. 
Nathaniel, esq., 524. 
Philip K., 175, 207, 209, 217, 522. 

Philip K., esq., 438. 
Stephen, 589. 
Hillsborough county, N. H., 148. 
Hindostan, 457. 
Hinges, 30. 

Hingham, Mass., 153. 253. 
Hispaniola, 451. 
Historical Society of Old Newbury, 373, 

442, 443- 
History, 322. 

" History of New England," 496. 
" History and Present State of the town 
of Newburyport," by Caleb Gush- 
ing, 499. 



724 



INDEX 



" History of the Puritans," etc., 498. 
Hitchcock, Rev. Albert W., 307. 

Enos, 582. 
Hodge, Captain, 571. 

Charles, 17, 339. 

Capt. Charles, 53, 78, 535. 

Lt. Charles, 659. 

Charles M., 132, 133. 

M., 83. 

Michael, 66, 94, 96, 97, 313, 452, 
571, 596, 608, 686. 

Capt. Michael, 75, 555, 562, 57o,575- 

Lt, Michael, 566. 

Maj. Michael, 486. 

Stephen S., 339. 
Hogreeves, 26. 
Hogs, 616. 
Hogsheads, 177, 451, 531, 579, 627. 

Molasses, 55, 
Holiday, Francis, 17, 26, go. 
Holiday, Washington's birthday, 425. 
Holland, Capt. J., 107. 

Samuel, 282, 336. 
Hollander (bark), 465. 
Holliday, Corp. William, 546. 
Hollis Street church, Koston, 432. 
Hollow ware, 182. 
Holmes, Mr., 353. 

James M., 182. 
Holmes & Nichols, 182. 
Hoh, Moses, 311. 
Holton S., 621. 
"Holy Bible," "The," 498. 
Hongkong, 237. 
Honolulu, 464, 465. 

harbor, 465. 
Honor, Bonaparte's Legion of, 496. 
Hood, George, 474. 
Hook, E. & E. G., 280. 
Hook and Ladder companies, 190, 438. 
Hooker, Rev. Elias Cornelius, 276,278. 
Hooper, Robert, 642. 

Joseph, 114. 

Mary, 339, 355. 

Widow Mary, 284. 

Rev. Noah, 292. 

Stephen, 31, 39, 97, 100, 120, 121, 
142, 212, 315,339, 366, 450, 53I1 
532, 535. 550, 577, 627, 638, 639. 

Stephen, esq., 312, 313, 425, 432, 
666. 

Thomas W., 103, 239, 241, 518. 

Thomas Woodbridge, 486. 
Hoops, 26. 

Hope (brig), 590, 651. 
Hope (brigantine), 640. 
Hope (schooner), 107, 239. 
Hopkins, Commodore, 602. 

Ezek, 601. 

Miss Hannah, 275. 

Mrs. Louisa Parsons, 442. 

Rev. Samuel, 275. 



Hopkinson, Walter B. , 220, 22 1 ,440, 

Horace W. Macomber (schooner), 

Horn, buttons, 178. 

Horn, Cape, 202. 

Horn combs, 179. 

Horn, Powder, 578. 

Hornet (schooner), 640. 

Horns, Post, 3S0. 

Horseback riding, 105, 382, 408. 

Horse cars, 406, 407. 

Horse keeping, 579. 

Horsemanship, 157. 

Horse power, 405. 

Horse railroad, 407. 

company, 379. 
Horses, 29, 104, 105, 178, 270, 
379, 388, 390, 391, 394-397, 
581,655. 

Driving, 104, 105. 
Hortensia (schooner), 467. 
Horton, Anna M., 264. 

Daniel, 18, 284. 

Jacob, 175, 209, 32S. 

James, 17, 450. 

John, 18. 

Makepiece, 17. 

Nathaniel, 200, 209. 

Obadiah, 17, 27, 271, 272, 341, 

Samuel, 18, 595. 

Rev. William, 245, 264. 
Horton street, 247, 334. 
Horton's wharf, 332. 
Hose, 30. 

carriage, 199, 436, 444. 
Hosiery factory, 185. 
Hosiery, Newburyport, company, 

tory of, 183. 
Hospital Aid association, 242. 
Hospital, Anna Jaques, 241-244. 

in Common pasture, 119. 

Small pox, 40, 41, 72-74, 76. 
Hospitals, 40, 41, 7274, 76, 119, 

241-244. 
Hotel, Belleville, 404, 405. 

Gilman's, 433. 

Pearsons', 433. 

Plum Island, 151, 378, 379, 
392, 406, 407. 

Sedgwick, 393. 

Snn, 391, 397. 

Washington, 392, 393, 398. 

Wavedy, 393, 394. 
Hotels, 151, 185, 20S, 377-379, 

391-394. 397, 398. 404-407. 
Houghton, Rev. Josiah, 290. 
Hours of school, 310. 
House of Daniel Bayley, 478. 
of jail keeper, 128, 129. 
Tracy, 408, 410, 416, 417, 525, 
House of representatives, 559, 560, 
563, 566, 567, 590, 593, 594, 
664. 



441. 



320, 
418, 



450. 



Fac- 



185, 



391, 



391- 
433- 



526. 
562, 
656, 



INDEX 



725 



Houses, 27, 34, 36, 44, 48, 66, 72-74, 
99, 102, 104, 118, 120, 121, 129, 
131, 152-154, 160, 164, 167, 169, 
170, 178, 180-182, 192, 193, 212, 
241, 256, 298, 301, 313, 315, 318, 
326, 333. 335> 337-339, 34t, 3*2, 
344, 345, 347-354, 356, 380, 386- 
388, 392-396, 418, 424, 431, 446, 
447, 450, 483, 524, 528, 544, 549, 
600, 601, 663. 
Numbering of, 349. 
Regulating building of, 104. 
Houston, William F., 329. 
Hnvey, Maj.-gen. Amos, 659-661. 

Rev. Horace C, 271. 
Howadji (ship), 463. 
Howard, Daniel Stephen, 520. 
Ezra, 17. 

Col. Howard, 630. 
Roger S., 320, 321, 326, 327, 425, 

513, 521. 

S., 107. 

Stephen, 397, 415, 680, 681. 
Howard Benevolent society, 425. 
Howard Clock company, 162. 
Howe, Lord, 624. 

Dr. Francis A., 241. 
Hoyt, Jacob, 90. 

Joseph, 16. 

Joseph, jr., 17. 

Moses, 65, 136, 217, 366, 551, 611. 

Moses, jr., 17. 

N., 239. 

Nathan, 16, 81, 136, 352. 

William, 505. 
Hoyt street, 344. 
Hoyt^s tavern, 424. 
Hudson, Charles H., 201, 217, '328, 422. 

Eleazar, 309. 

Henry, 40. 

James, 381, 531, 540. 

Capt. James, 39, 49, 51, 53, 150, 

• 366, 535, 555, 562. 
Hudson's house, 353. 
Hudson river, 582-584. 
Hudson's wharf, 353. 
Huguenot (ship), 461. 
Hulbert, Rev. Palnner S., 283. 
Humane society, 425, 433, 441. 
Hump Sa-^ds, 150, 151. 
Hunt, Albert F., 516, 517. 

Ebenezer, 629. 
Elias, 74, 239. 
George W., 303. 

Joseph, 517. 
Nathaniel, 17. 
Widow Sarah, 337. 
William, 337. 
Zebedee, 74, 239. 
Hunt's falls, 149. 
Huntingdon, Earl of, 6S9. 
Lady Selina, 280, 2S2, 689. 



Huntington, Samuel, 633. 
Huntress (ship), 461. 
Hard, D. Hamilton, 538. 

Mary J., 298. 
Husbandmen, 14, 21, 24. 
Huse, Arthur L., 511, 676, 677. 

Caleb B., 511, 684. 

Edward A., 517. 

Enoch, 296. 

John, 402. 

Joseph, 284, 562, 588. 

Capt. Joseph, 535, 555. 

Moses, 90. 

Ralph C, 200, 682. 

Samuel, 179, 182, 541. 

Susanna, 166. 

Thomas, 209, 685. 

William H., 229, 511, 515, 676, 682. 
Huse, Samuel, & Co., 182. 
Huse, William H., & Co., 511. 
Huse & Bragdon, 515. 
Huse, Bragdon & Berry, 515. 
Huse & Nason, 515. 
Huse's wharf, 332. 
Hussar (ship), 465. 
Hutchinson, Lt. -governor, 50. 

E., 653. 

Thomas, 91. 

Gov. Thomas, 41, 54. 
" Hutchinson Correspondence," 381. 
Hydrants, 200, 228, 229, 234. 
Hymns, 219, 280, 422, 425, 426, 434- 

436, 440-443, 476, 479- 
Hyperion tea, 46. 

ICE, 226, 378, 457. 

^ carried away bridge, 375. 

dealers, 226. 
Ida L. Hall (schooner), 468. 
Illinois, 166. 

Illumination, 44, 446, 659, 665. 
Ilsley, Stephen, 3S5. 

Capt. Stephen, 422. 
Immaculate Conception, Church of the, 
299, 301- 302, 308. 

Educational association, 301. 

Society, 301. 
Impartial Herald, 181, 315, 316, 505, 

507-509, 5 '8. 
Importation of foreign merchandise, 88. 
Importer (ship), 464. 
Impost, 679. 

Imposts, Commissioner of, 66. 
Impressment, 103, 108. 
" Imprints," " A Third Supplementary 

List of," 473. 
Imprisonment, False, 69. 
Incendiary, 153. 

Incorporation of Newburyport, 13. 
Increase (sloop), 240. 
Independence (brigantine), 639. 
Independence (schooner), 638. 



726 



INDEX 



Independence, American, 50, 186,483. 
Declaration of, 54, 60, 428, 429, 432, 
434, 435. 438-440, 566, 567, 669, 
675- 
Independence day, 429, 49S. 
Independent Calvinistic church, 281. 
Independent company, 429. 
Independent Whig, The, 516. 
India, British, 237. 
India goods, 79. 
Ind'a tea, 49. 
Indian bread, 81. 
Indian hill, 133, 419. 
Indians, 53. 
Indigo, 654. 
Indus (ship), 463. 
Industries, 13, 85. 

Home, 85. 
Industry (schooner), 239. 
Industry (sloop), 627. 
Inez (ship), 463. 

Infantry, 88, 415, 416, 445, 562. 
Light, 415, 416, 445. 
Washington Light, 415, 416. 
Informer of deer, 26. 
Ingraham, L. P., 179. 
Injunciions, 197-199. 
Inn, Davenport's, 387, 397, 424, 430. 

Green Dragon, 96, 
Inn street, 11^2, 163, 226, 3S4. 
Innholders, 184,386, 387, 390, 391, 549. 
Innkeepers, 70, 3S6, 388, 390-392. 
Inns, 96, 387-390, 397, 424, 430, 
Inoculation for smallpox, 74-76, 119. 
Insanity, 604. 
Inscription on bell, 285 . 

on clock, 280, 
Inscriptions on gravestones, 115, 116, 

216, 217, 272, 275, 294^ 317. 
Insolvency, 147. 
Inspector of cus-toms, 676. 
Installations, 266, 267, 278, 2S1, 283, 
285, 286, 288, 290, 291, 293,298, 
304, 689. 
Institute of Technology, Boston, 329. 
Instruction, 315, 317-320, 326. 
Instructions to representatives in gene- 
ral court, 43, 62, 85. 
Instruments, Nautical, 662. 
Intemperance, 183, 184. 
" Interesting Trials of the Pirates for the 
Murder of William Little, Captain 
of the ship American Eagle," 492. 
Intrepid (ship), 633. 
" Introduction to the Latin Tongue," 

etc., 486. 
Inventor, 162. 

Ipswich, Mass., 25, 57, 58, 61, 63, 
135, 147,149, 152, 154, iSi, 224, 
240, 377, 379, 382, 398, 407, 409, 
416, 418, 433, 434,440, 484, 526, 
534, 543-545, 55i, 578, 5S1, 685. 



Ipswich bay, 615. 

Ipswich convention, 57-59, 61-63. 

" Ipswich Fright," 543, 544. 

Ipswich river, 544. 

Irah Perry (ship), 460. 

Ireland, 193, 316, 317, 452, 490, 531, 

551- 
Ireland, Jeremiah R., 298. 
Irish Relief fund, 192. 
Iron, 373, 375. 

bars, 27, 628. 

bridge at Deer island, 370. 

bridges, 370, 375. 

castings, 182. 

foundry, 179, 182. 

ware, 181. 
Irons, 47, 628. 
Isis (brig), 468. 
Island, Plum, 151. 

Seal, 151 . 

Woodbridge's, 151. 
Islands in West Indies belonging to 

France, 1 15. 
Isle de Groaix, 603. 
Isles of Shoals, 559, 655. 
Italian artist, 303. 
Item Publishing company, 516. 

TABEZ HOWE (SHIP), 465. 
'-' Jabez Snow (ship), 460. 
jack. A., 590. 
""Jack of Clubs," 282. 
Jacket, 71 . 
Jackman, Elias, 650. 

George W., jr., 385, 457, 465, 676, 

683.^ 
Hon. George W., jr., 423, 439. 
Horace N., 527. 
Jacks, Patent, 162. 
Jackson, Mr., 558. 
Abraham, 239. 
Andrew, 196, 676. 
Charles. 109, 124, 125, 261. 
Hon. Charles, 524, 526. 
Jonathan, 45, 51, 58, 60, 61, 64, 65, 
71, 77, 148, 252, 312, 315, 409, 
5J2, 533, 535, 555, 564, 571-574. 
581, 591, 592, 607, 60S, 616, 620, 
638, 645, 678. 
Hon. Jonathan, 102, 103, 408. 
Lt.-cul. Jonathan, 562. 
Jonathan, esq., 565. 
iSIathaniel, 676, 677. 
Patrick Tracy, 149. 
Jackson, Tracy & Tracy, 30, 571, 573, 

576, 614, 623, 624, 637-639. 
Jacob, W., 239. 
Jacob Horton (ship), 463. 
Jacob J. Houseman ' schooner), 469. 
Jacobs, Rev. William B., 290. 
jail, 183, 185, 399, 400, 579,617,618. 
Ipswich, 544. 



INDEX 



727 



Jail, eon tinned. 

Newburyport, 498. 

Old, 128. 

Pownalborough, 612, 

Stone, 128, 129. 
Jail-keeper's house, 128, 129. 
Jalapa, Mexico, 669. 
James (schooner), 202. 
James, Caleb, 541 . 

Charles T., 228. 
James B. Pace (schooner), 468. 
James G. Pendleton (bark), 469. 
James mill, 171. 
James river, 451. 

James steam mills, 228, 229, 436, 446. 
Jane (brig), 654, 
Japanned ware 79, 
Jaques, Miss Anna, 241, 242. 

Deborah, 606. 

Theophilus, 21 1. 
Jaques, Anna, hospital, 241-244, 
Jarvis, Charles, 547. 
Java (ship), 461. 

Jeff Davis (Confederate cruiser), 236. 
Jefferson, Thomas, 649. 

President Thomas, 421. 
Jefferson street, 208, 221, 333, 334, 

348, 349, 404-406, 459, 468. 
Jehu (bark), 466. 
Jenkins, George, 681. 

Lewis, 79. 

Robert, 17, 322, 441. 

Capt. Robert, 194. 

Capt. Stephen, 581. 

Lt. Stephen, 540. 

William, 16. 
Jenks, Benjamin, 552-554. 
Jennie Seaverns (schooner), 469. 
Jepson, Benjamin, 642. 
Jersey, 380. 
" Jesus Christ the true King and Head 

of Government," 484. 
Jetties, 249-251. 
Jeweller, 170. 

Jewelry, 169, 171, 192, 651, 662. 
Jewett, James, 17. 

Capt, Jonathan, 643. 
Jewett, Tebbetts & Co., 527. 
Jews, 427. 

J, H, Pearson (bark), 467, 
John Caskie (bark), 202, 
John C, Gregory (schooner), 470. 
John Currier (ship), 461, 462, 465. 

Building of, 462, 
John H. Buttrick (schooner), 46S. 
John Harvey (ship), 468. 
John J. Marsh (bark), 467. 
John N. Gushing (ship), 463, 
John Porter (ship), 463, 
John Shepard (bark), 467, 
John Twohy (schooner), 468. 



John Wills (ship), 460, 
Johnson, Captain, 573. 

Mr., 362, 

Benjamin, 79, 80, 

Eleazer, 210, 241, 344, 539, 686. 

Eleazer, 3d, 189, 

Capt. Eleazer, 627, 629, 639. 

Rev. George D., 265. 

Serg. Green, 659. 

Henry, 327, 

Isaac, 26, 341. 

Isaac, jr,, 17, 

James, 595, 

Capt. James, 639. 

Rev, James G., 286. 

Mary A., 237. 

Kicholas, I12-114, 148,237,453,680. 

Philip, 203, 209, 284, 305, 541, 

547, 549- 

Thomas, 476. 

William, 353. 

Capt. William, 161, 639. 

Hon. William A., 447. 

William P., 112. 

Capt. William P., 103, 143. 
Johnson's head, 497. 
[ohnson street, 20S, 334, 344. 
Johnson's wharf, 332. 
Joiners, 438. 

Wages of, 312, 579. 
Jones, , 641, 642. 

Anthony S., 331. 

Ichabod, 612. 

John Cotfin, 577, 591, 592, 638, 
639, 642, 647. 

John Paul, 628. 

Capt. John Paul, 602, 603. 

Commodore John Paul, 603, 604. 

Paul, 605, 629. 

Thomas, 614, 637, 638. 

William P., 171, 173. 
Jones, Frank, Brewing company, 182. 
Joppa, 206, 207. 

flats, 151. 
Jordan L. Mott (schooner), 469. 
Josiah L. Hale (ship), 463. 
Josie Johnson (schooner), 469. 
Journal of Capt. Moses Brown, 631. 
Journal of Education, 321. 
Journal of Hugh Fmiay, 380. 
''Journal of the Captivity and Suffer- 
ings of John Foss several years a 
prisoner at Algiers,^' 492. 
"Journal of Marshall Soult," "Ex- 
tracts from," 497. 
Joy, Samuel, 90, 
J, R. Teel (schooner), 468. 
Judges, 70, loi, 191, 534, 556. 

of police court, 191. 
Julius Csesar (brig), 644, 
July fourth, 669. 



728 



INDEX 



Jupiter (brigantine), 643, 

Ju>y, 43- 

Justice (statue), 114, 132, 133. 

Justices of the peace, 25, 26, 39, 145. 

KEARSARGE (BARK), 461. 
Keeper of ammunition, 105. 
Kellar's American hymn, 440. 
Kelley, Elbridge G., 683. 
Hon. Elbridge G. , 420. 
Kelly, Rev. William J., 296. 
Kenmore (ship), 463. 
Kennebec river, 369, 380, 556-558, 

596. 
Kennebunk, Me., 237, 382. 
Kenney, Samuel, 17. 
Kenniston, Abner, 206, 207. 

James R., 237. 

Jonathan, 237. 
Kent, Colonel, 363. 

Governor, 445. 

Abel, 547. 

Clement, 17. 

John, 16. 

Dea. John, 26, 344. 

Philip, 261. 

Richard, 16, 344. 

Stephen, 581. 
Kent's island, 205. 
Kent's landing, 74, 357. 
Kent's lane, 356. 

Kent street, 147, 197, 200, 225, 227, 
289, 318, 322, 332, 334, 342-345, 
356-358, 360, 372, 438. 
Keteltas, Abraham, 484. 
Kettell, James, 73, 347. 

Thomas, 520. 
Kettle, John, 541, 547, 
Kettles, 30, 55, 578. 

Brass, 30. 
Key, John, 629. 
Keys, 105. 
Keys, Captain, 627. 
Kilham, Daniel, 313. 

Dr. Daniel, 679. 
Kiln, Lime, 333. 

Potter's, 122. 
Kimball, Amos, 90. 

Edmund, 239. 

Hervey, 682. 

Moody, 685. 

Moses, 420, 421, 430, 540. 

Capt. Moses, 546. 
Kimball's pond, 229. 
King, Mrs. A. F. A., 625. 

Daniel P., 444. 

Rufus, 92, 94, 95, 679. 

Rufus, esq., 313. 

Hon. Rufus, 414. 
King of England, 43, 57, 257, 420, 
579- 



King street, 28, 142, 265, 266, 270, 

273, 310, 336, 349, 350, 352, 354, 
362, 395, 427, 501, 505, 562, 572, 
579, 588, 617. 
King's chapel, Boston, 263. 
Kinsman, Henry W., 192, 206, 209, 
444, 676, 681, 682. 

Hon. Henry W., 436. 
Kirk, Rev. D., 278. 
Kitson, Henry Hudson, 221. 

Mrs. Theo Alice (Ruggles), 221, 441. 
Kitty Boynton (steamer), 469. 
Knapp, Major, 660. 

Mr., 479. 

Capt. Anthony, 486. 

Lt. Anthony, 627, 629. 

Benjamin R., 682. 

Bcnoni Eaton, 548. 

Capt. E., 107. 

Hannah C, 601. 

Isaac, 3d, 512. 

Jacob, 540, 547, 659. 

Nathaniel, 143. 

Corp. Nathaniel, 89. 

Samuel, 107. 

Samuel L., 498-500, 520, 680, 681. 

Samuel L., esq., 432. 

William, 18. 
Knapsack, 582. 
Knight, Amos, 239. 

Frederick, 209. 

George W., 209. 

John, 70. 

Joseph, 240, 547. 

Joseph, jr., 335. 

Thomas, 89. 
Knights Templar, Newburyport Com- 

mandery of, 447- 
Knitting, 315. 
Knowlton, Abram, 547. 

John, 288, 629. 
Knox, General, 95. 

I ABOR, 41 > 656. 
L< Laborers, 579. 

Wages of, 312. 
Labrador, 175. 
Labrador tea, 46. 

Lace, New England, company, 181. 
Lace, School for working, 181. 
Laces, 79. 
Ladd, Herman, 512. 
Ladies, Young, 181,311, 317, 326, 486. 
Ladles, Cream, 170. 

Sauce, 170. 

Soup, 170. 
Lady Washington (brig), 240. 
LaFayette, General, 393, 415-418,433, 

Visit of, 415-418. 
Laird, Robert, 146. 
Lamb, 392. 



INDEX 



729 



Lambert, William, 236, 388, 390. 

Lamps, 105, 282, 662. 

Lancaster, Eng., 193. 

Lancastrian system of education, 318- 

320. 
Lancer (ship), 460. 
Landais, Capt. Pierre, 604. 
Landing, Kent's, 74. 

Market House, 211. 

Market Square, 69. 

Sonierby's, 79, 146, 1 70. 

Town, 136. 
Landing place of first settlers of New- 
bury, 439. 
Landing places, 130, 134, 135, 190, 
333. 334, 356, 360-365, 439, 449, 
452, 453- 
Landmgs, 123, 140, 353, 357. 
Landseer (ship), 466. 
Lane, - — — , 565. 

Dr., 119. 

Rev. Benjamin L, 290. 

Daniel, 547. 
Lanes, 104, 333, 334, 355. 
Langdon, Rev. Dr., 272. 

G. W., 334. 

Lt. George \V., 672. 
Langdon's island, 604. 
Lankester, Sanuiel, 547. 
Lard, 616. 
Larkin, Benjamin, 487. 

Ebenezer, 487. 

Samuel, 397. 
Lalin, 322, 485. 

Accidence, 486. 

books, 118. 

grammar, 482. 

school, 309, 486. 

high school, 320. 
Laughton, Joseph, 635, 639, 644. 
Launchings, Ship, 114, 456-458, 572, 

573, 589, 620, 655. 
Laundry, 242. 
Laurel, 410. 
Laurel hill, 208. 
Law, Andrew, 479. 

Law, 174, 414, 446, 451, 580, 648, 
649. 

Enforcement of, 1S4. 

of parliament, 54. 

Province, 15. 

student, 154. 

suit, 365. 
Lawrence, Mass., 250, 426, 444. 
Lawrence Brown (ship), 463. 
Lawson, Capt. William, 318. 
Lawyers, 409, 432, 443. 
Lead, 572, 662. 

Sheet, 662. 
Leanore (ship), 461. 
Lear, Colonel, 410, 



Leather, Sealers of, 26. 
Leathers, Joseph, 71, 578. 
Leaviit, Dr. Josiah, 253. 
Lebanon (ship), 461. 
LeBonaparte (vessel), 114. 
LeBreton, Miss Anna P., 668. 

Edward L. , esq., 434. 

Peter, 107, 240. 

Capt. Peter, 486. 
Lectures, 190, 484. 
Lee, Gen. Charles, 584. 

John, 636, 637. 

Capt. John, 626, 638, 639, 643, 646. 

Joseph, 620, 638, 644, 645. 

William, 646. 
Lee & Jones, 641, 642. 
Lee (schooner), 647. 
Leeward Islands, 451. 
Legerdemain, 158. 
Legion of Honor, Bonaparte's, 496. 
Leigh, Thomas, 540. 
Leighton, Miss Helen, 166. 
Lennon, Rev. Henry, 300, 301. 
Lenox, James, 18. 
Leominster, Mass., 518. 
Leonard (brig), 240. 
Leopard (British ship-of-war), 648. 
Lesley, Edward S., 181. 
Letter bag, 383. 
Letter from B. Arnold, 558. 

to Gov. James Bowdoin, 82. 

from Gov. James Bowdoin, 83. 

of Tristram Dalton, 567. 

to conjmittee of correspondence, 
Hampton, N. H., 544, 545. 

to Major-general Heath, 584. 

of Jonathan Jackson, 571. 

of Capt. Thomas Thomas, 586. 

to Hon. Artemas Ward, 541. 

to Hon. James Warren, 552,553. 

of George Washington, 488. 
to Nicolas Pike, 311. 
Letter of John G. Whittier, 456. 
Letters, 45, 51, 56, 82, 83, 94, 257, 
266, 273, 311-, 380-385, 428, 450, 
451, 456, 458, 486, 526, 532, 574, 
588-590, 593, 617-619, 623, 630. 
" Letters to a Young Lady," etc., 486. 
Letters of marque, 619, 620, 624, 633- 

637. 639-647, 653. 
Letters for musical notation, 474, 475. 
" Letters written by the late Right Hon- 
orable Philip Dormer Stanhope, 
Earl of Chesterfield, to his Son 
Philip Stanhope, esq.," etc., 485. 
Levater, Rev. John Casper, 492. 
Levees, 418, 435, 438, 441, 442, 447. 
Leverett street, 358, 359. 
Levesque, Rev. J. L. M., 307. 
Leviathan (steam tug), 454. 
Levy, Samson, 385, 684. 



730 



INDEX 



Lewis, Capt. George, 599-601. 

Lt. George, 599. 

John, 18. 

Jonathan C, 288. 
Lexington, Mass., 418, 500, 539, 543. 
Lexington Alarm, 549, 550. 
Lexington, Battle of, 539, 543, 600. 
Libbie, C. F., & Co., 428. 
Liberty, Sons of, 427. 
Liberty street, 146, 183, 2S7-289, 296, 

297, 332, 337, 351. 
Lil>ranan of Massachusetts Historical 

society, 473. 
Librarians, 519, 521, ^27, 668. 
Libraries, 77, 78, 118, 258, 491, 493, 
518-528. 

Circulating, 518, 520-522. 
Library of the American Academy of 
Arts and Sciences, 77. 

of Boston Athenaeum, 78. 

Boston Public, 493. 

Pequot, 491. 
Library building, 521. 
Licenses to sell liquor, 186. 
" Life of Lord Timothy Dexter," 499, 

500. 
" Life in a New England Town," 101. 
Lighthouse, First, in Massachusetts 

Bay, 66. 
Lighthouse Point, 407. 
Lighthouses, 65-68, 151, 195, 205, 208, 

413- 

on Beacon island, Boston harbor, 66. 

on Cape Ann, 66. 

on Plum island, 68, 151, 195. 
ceded to United States, 68. 
Light infantry, 417, 445. 

company, 499. 

LaFayette^s, 417. 
Lighting meeting house, 2S2. 
Light-keeper, 66. 
Lightning, 162, 306. 
Lillies, Water, 213. 
Lime street, 200, 318, 332, 335, 336, 

349. 352, 354. 355- 
Lincoln, General, 88, 90. 

President, 668, 670. 

President Abraham, 422, 425, 440. 

B., 621. 

Benjamin, 20. 
Lincoln hall, 299. 
Lincoln house, 394. 
Linen, 452, 575, 576. 

manufacture, 88. 
Lines, White, 28. 
Lion, 392. 

Liquors, 48, 146, 183, 184, 186, 393. 
Little, Miss Ann, 339. 

Anna, 153. 

Ebenezer, 26,39, 341,364, 635, 645. 

Edward, 519, 520, 6S0. 



Little, coi2/imied. 

Francis, 216, 629. 

Henry B., 180, 224, 242, 245. 

Henry W., 686. 

John, 106, 217, 218, 540, 541, 555. 

Josiah, 327, 

Hon. Josiah, 524, 526. 

Moses, 33, 154, 164, 635, 637, 640, 
643, 645, 678. 

Moses, esq., 60. 

Capt. Moses, 548, 599-601. 

Sarah, 217. 

Mrs. Temperance, 217. 

Tristram, 339. 

William, 123, 169, 184, 492. 

William Coffin, 216, 337. 
Little, E., & Co., 497. 
Little, Edward, & Co., 519, 520. 
Little Porga (brigantine), 645. 
" Little Reader," " The," 499. 
Littlefield, Hiram, 237, 405. 

Solomon, 237. 
Lively (English sloop-of-war), 620. 
Livermore, Hon. Edward St. Loe, 325, 
326, 680. 

Samuel, 20. 
Liverpool, Eng., 193, 236, 454, 456, 

631, 633. 
Liverpool (privateer), 631. 
Liverpool Packet (British privateer), 

652. 
Lizzie IL Kimball (brig), 466. 
Lizzie William (schooner), 468. 
Lock, James, 90. 
Lockets, 171. 
Locks, 148, 149. 
Locks and canals on Merrimack River, 

Proprietors of, 148, 149. 
Lodging, 579, 
Lodgings, 5S0. 
Logan, John A., Post No. 127, G, A. 

R., 440. 
Lola Montez (schooner), 466. 
London, Eng., 152, 154, 164, 278-280, 

285, ':,^?,, 390, 451. 471, 473.476, 
490,492,495, 504, 523, 526, 530, 
615-617, 627, 652, 661, 663, 664. 

London Chronicle, 630. 

Londonderry presbytery, 281, 284. 

London Packet (British ship), 653. 

Long, Robert, 314, 518, 686. 

Longfellow, Henry \V., 36. 

Long Island, N. Y., 454, 549, 602, 
604. 

Long lane, Boston, 93. 

Long wharf, 503, 589. 

Longvvood (ship), 463. 

Lord, Mrs. Frances, 326. 
Moses, 384, 385. 
Robert, 541. 

Lord chancellor, 235. 



INDEX 



731 



Lord Hyde (packet), 630. 

Lords of Trade, 25. 

L'Orient, France, 603, 605. 633. 

Loring, Hon. George B., 250, 423, 

439, 443- 
Losses in tumults in Boston, 1766, 45. 
Lotteries, 137, 383. 
Lottie E. Cook (schooner), 466. 
Louis XVI., King, 114. 
Louis, Henry Marie, 115. 
Louisbourg, 387. 
Louisiana, 511. 

purchase, 238. 
Lovell, General, 59S- 

Solomon, 586. 
Lovering, Jonathan, 393. 
Lovett, Joseph, 288. 

Capt. Joseph, 655. 

William H., 405. 
Low street, 106, 208, 218, 247, 332, 

344, 346, 347, 358. 
Lowell, Barnard, 90. 

Ei)enezer, 17. 

J., 608. 

John, 33, 40, 58, 73, 77, 122, 130, 
i34j i35> 312, 520, 535, 678. 

John, esq., 45, 46, 59, 60, 70, 555. 

Hon. John, 72. 

Rev. John, 30, 60, 252, 271, 272, 
309, 310. 

Richard, 16. 

Capt. Richaid, 544. 
Lowell, Mass., 149, 242, 250, 291, 

398, 434, 440, 444- 
Lowell's, Rev.John, meeting house, 30, 

309- 
Lower Long wharf, 44, 136, 145, 352, 

353, 363, 449, 453- 
Lucie E. Friend (schooner), 468. 
Lucretia (brig), 463. 
Lucy (brig), 239. 
Lucy May (schooner), 467. 
Lutkin, Lt. David, 659. 
Luke, Son & Eraser, 451 • 
Lumber, 26, 255, 360, 450, 451, 456, 

464. 559. 575, 576, 612, 651. 
Lunt, Captain, 578. 

Abigail, 318. 

Anne, 605. 

Benjamin, 636. 

Capt. Betijamin, 551, 645. 

Cutting, 602, 603, 605, 606, 615,629. 

Daniel, 605, 629. 

Capt. Daniel, 620, 628. 

Mrs. Deborah, 606. 

E.,427. 

Eliza Ann, 318. 

Elizabeth, 605. 

Ezra, 395, 396, 449, 482, 483, 503- 

Capt. Ezra, 88-90, 545, 546, 548, 
549, 556, 599, 605, 606. 



Lunt, continued. 

Maj. Ezra, 390. 

Francis C. , 276. 

George, 189, 193, 328, 682. 

Hon. George, 219, 422, 435, 438, 
442, 682. 

Miss Hannah E., 528. 

Henry, 89, 303, 333, 395, 605, 629. 

Henry, jr., 605. 

Henry, sr., 605. 

Lt. Henry, 602-604. 

Jane, 605. 

Mrs. Jane, 549, 605. 

Maj. John, 562. 

John E., 171. 

Johnson, 39, 614. 

Joseph, 605. 

Miss Martha P., 528. 

Mary, 605. 

Matthew, 549, 605. 

Micajah, 241, 595. 

Micajah, jr., 175, 659. 

Hon. Micajah, 192. 

Moses, 608, 614. 

Col. Moses, 548, 549. 

Moses, esq., 555. 

Paul, 204, 606. 

Lt. Paul, 545, 546, 556, 606. 

Serg. Paul, 540. 

Richard, 603, 606, 629. 

Samuel, 578. 

Sarah, 606. 

Silas, 606. 

Skipper, 547. 

AVilliam, 90. 

William P., 89. 
Lunt & Tinges, 503. 
Lunt street, 334. 
Lunt's rock, 51, 195. 
Lurvey, Capi. Benjamin, 639. 
Lyceum association, Newburyport, 

188-190. 
Lyceum, Newburypo/t, 434. 
Lydia (schooner), 465. 
Lyford, George H., 236. 
Lyman (bark), 460. 
Lyme, Conn., 265, 270. 
Lynn, Mass., 167, 225, 301, 444, 551, 

55^'. 
Lynnficld, Mass., 377, 403. 
Lyon (ship), 646. 
Lyon, Mr., 479. 

Irving Whaiall, 164. 
Lyons, France, 115. 
Lyia (ship), 463. 
Lyric Odes, 421. 

MACE, JOSEPH, 89. 
Macfadden, Rev. T. James, 286. 
Machias, Me., 612, 613. 
harbor, 569, 612, 613. 



732 



INDEX 



Machias Liberty (sloop), 569-571, 613. 
Machine shops, 179, 181, 182. 
Machinery, 180, 181, 222, 446. 

Shoe, 222. 
Mackerel, 173, 174. 
Mackintosh, Hiram P., 676. 
Macomb, Major-genera], 194. 
Madeira, 452, 633. 
Madeira wine, 627. 
Madison street, 334, 355. 
Magazine, Theological, 517. 
Magazines, 243, 517, 526, 527. 
Maggie Andrews (schooner), 468. 
Magicians, 158. 
Magiciene (vessel), 114. 
Magistrates, 409. 
Magloire, Arlhute, 115. 
Magno, Francis, 47. 
Mail, 379, 381-383, 630. 

carrier, 396. 

packets, 630. 

stage, 387. 
Mails, 380-383, 450. 
Main, Capt. William, 639. 
Maine, 382, 414, 445, 464, 541, 542, 
590. 

Wilderness of, 558. 
Mairmaid (sloop), 39. 
Majestic (British frigate), 655. 
Malacca, 237. 

Straits of, 237. 
Malaga wine, 79. 

Mall, The, 78, 123, 125, 128, 130, 
196, 203, 211, 212, 318, 319, 

332, 334, 435-437- 

Fence around, 211, 212. 
Mall, Bartlet, 234, 415, 418, 419, 422, 
426, 431-434. 436, 438, 439, 444, 
445- 
Mall Improvement society, 212, 213. 
Malt, 146. 

houses, 145, 353. 
Malting business, 146. 
Manchester, 111., 166. 

Mass., 527, 581, 
Manhattan (privateer), 650. 
Manly, Captain, 573. 
Mann, Otis, 405. 
Manney, Capt. 11. N., 443. 
Man-of-war, English, 629. 
Manson, Alfred S., esq., 428. 

Eben, 236, 466, 467. 

Fred E., 226. 
Manson & Fernald, 466. 
Manufactuiers, 649. 
Manufactures, 45, 409, 438, 440, 441, 
596. 

British, 45. 

Importation of, 45. 
Manumission of Pomp, 71. 
Manuscripts, 41. 



Map of Newburyport, 21, 22, 30, 182, 
183, 207, 208, 332, 333. 

in 1743. 332. 

in 1795, 21, 22, 30. 

in 1830, 182, 183. 

in 1905, 207, 208. 

harbor, 151. 
Maps, 21, 22, 30, 151, 182, 183, 207, 

208, 332, 333, 497. 
Marble, Isaac, 541. 
Marble, 267. 

altar, 303. 
Marblehead (gunboat), 457, 466. 
MarVilehead, Mass., 66, 260, 381, 482, 
531. 534: 551, 561, 564,587.610, 
625, 661. 
March, , 178, 493, 510. 

Angler, 471, 492, 495, 507, 520. 

Ebenezer, esq., 93. 

Edmund, 19. 

John, 241. 

Capt. John, 366. 

Rev. John C, 307, 434. 

Jonathan, 18, 535, 555, 
March's ferry, 177. 
March's field, 443. 
March's hill, 440, 448. 
Margaret (brig), 107. 
Margaretta (English armed cutter), 612. 
Maria (brig), 240. 
Maria O. Teel (schooner), 468. 
Marietta, O., 169. 
Marine committee of congress, 572. 
Marine and Fire Insurance company, 

150. 
Marine society, 409, 413, 425, 433, 

436, 441, 452- 
Newburyport, 387. 

Mariners, 13, 18, 28, 1 17, 142, 

Mariquetta (schooner), 468. 

Market, 387, 393. 

Clerks of the, 26, 35, 36. 
Fish, 136. 

Market hall, 186-189, 192, 206, 304, 
434. 668. 

Market house, 135, 136, 139-141, 163, 
167, 183, 185, 187-190, 332. 
landing, 28, 69, 131, 211. 

Market place, Charlestown, Mass., 529. 

Market square, 30, 65, 68, 69, 79, 130, 
134, 137-141, 153, 161, 163, 167, 
170, 171, 183, 185, 190, 214, 227, 
234, 255, 256, 332, 338, 349, 351, 
356, 37S, 392, 393. 4''6, 407, 421, 
425, 430, 442, 444, 452, 474, 497, 
499, 510, 512, 519. 539, 545- 

Market street, 28, 30, 89, 118, 145, 
154, 180-183, 225, 315, 318, 331, 
332, 334, 339. 341, 355-359, 364, 
372, 399, 415, 432, 438, 442, 450. 
562, 605. 



INDEX 



733 



Market?, 450. 

Marlboro, Mas?., 153. 

Marlborough street, 208, 227, 235, 2S7, 

294, 332-335> 351, 355. 405- 406. 

Boston, 492. 
Mannontel, M., 492. 
Marquand, Captain, 351. 

Daniel, 17. 

Capt. Uanicl, 351. 

John, 240. 

Joseph, 40, 336, 415, 531, 591, 592, 
614, 637, 638, 641, 642,646,647, 
675, 676. 

Mrs. Sarah Winslow, 336. 
Marquand's wharf, 79. 
Marquis de LaFayette (brig), 641. 
Marquis de LaFayette (schooner), 641. 
Marriage of Rev. John Andrews, 253. 

of Rev. John Lowell, 252. 
Marsh, Rev. Christopher Bridge, 30, 
48, 271.273. 

Jonathan, 73, 123, 143, 352, 679, 
680. 
Marsh's, Rev. Christopher P)., meeting 

house, 30. 
Marshall, Robert, 546. 
Marshall, City, 190. 

United States, 409. 
Marshes, 147. 
Marshfield, Mass., 260. 
Marston, Mrs. Mary W., 527. 

Stephen W., 527, 681. 

Hon. Stephen \V., 191. 

Stephen Webster, 527. 
Martaban (ship), 237. 
Martha Pike (schooner), 466, 
Martha Washington Division, No. 6, 

Daughters of Temperance, 187. 
Mariinico, 117, 452. 
Marlinico, Island of, 575. 
Martinique, 115. 
Mary, Queen, 37. 
Mary (brig), 107, 240. 
Mary (sloop), 108. 
Mary A. Trundy (schooner), 470. 
Mary Alice (ship), 461. 
Mary Burdett (schooner), 467. 
Mary C. Ames (schooner), 459. 
Mary L. Cushing (ship). 459, 465. 
Mary Plumer (brig), 466. 
Mary Warren (ship), 467. 
Maryland, 259, 380. 
Masonic, 187, 261, 433. 

association, 440. 

ceremonies, 261. 

lodges, 421, 433, 437, 439. 
Masons, Free, 154, 155, 187, 261. 
Masons, Master, St. Mark's Lodge of, 

436. 
Masons, St. Peters' Lodge of F. & A. 

387. 



Masons' wages, 579. 

Massachusetts, 60, 6j, 66, 70, 71, 77, 
79, 82. 92, 109, 148, 153, 161, 
195, 196, 215, 231, 232, 247, 250, 
253, 258-260, 265, 293, 301, 303- 
305, 324, 370, 373, 376, 378, 379, 
387, 398, 399, 406, 408, 409, 411, 
414, 419, 421, 429, 441, 447, 449, 
459, 484, 487, 488, 518, 521, 533, 
549, 583, 595- 599>6o6, 609, 635, 
636, 650, 656, 658, 660, 664, 667, 
670, 671, 675, 676, 678, 688. 

Massachusetts Bay, 37, 44, 63, 287, 

534, 575. 581, 582, 586, 587, 

590, 595, 607, 625, 627, 630, 635. 

Arms of, 501, 502. 

Colony of, 35, 471, 531, 555, 559, 

570, 616, 619, 620, 622. 
Province of, 37, 45, 54, 56, 66, 160, 
309, 366, 534. 

Massachusetts (battle ship), 443, 444. 

Massachusetts (brigantine), 644. 

Massachusetts brigade, 670. 

Massachusetts Centinel, 41(1. 

Massachusetts, Commissary-general of, 
66. 

Massachusetts Historical society, 423. 
building, Boston, 77. 

Massachusetts Medical society, 118. 

Massachusetts and New Hampshire 
General Advertiser, 78. 

Massachusetts regiment, 669. 670. 

Massachusetts Spy, 501, 

Massachusetts Volunteer militia, 426, 
440, 442, 444, 447. 

Massacre, Boston, 49, 426-429, 482. 
Anniversary of, 426-428. 

Master builders, 677. 

Mast makers, 1 12. 

Master mariners, 409, 492. 

Master and slave, 69. 

Mastic, 133. 

Mast yard, 449. 

Matanzas, Cuba, 672. 

Matchless (schooner), 469. 

Mathematical instrument maker, 494. 

Mathematics, 322, 329. 

Mathew, Father, 187. 

Matrosses, 566, 581. 

Maud Sherwood (schooner), 468. 

Maulmain, 237. 

Maxwell, Olive, 669. 

May, Rev. Joseph, 256. 

May Queen (bark), 460. 

Mayhew, Captain, 456. 

Maynard, John A., 247. 

Mayors, 191, 201, 209, 221, 228, 329, 
336, 338, 347-349, 406, 420, 422, 
423, 426, 437-441, 443, 447, 524, 
686. 

McCarthy, Andrew, 664. 



734 



INDEX 



McClintock, William, 540. 
McCuller, Captain, 650. 
McDougall, J. D., 485. 
McGinley, Rev. William A., 278. 
McGlew, Hugh, 299. 
McHard, James, esq., 134. 

Joseph, 541. 

WUliam, 17, 26. 

Capt. William, 1 1 7. 
McKinley, President, 671. 
McLarty, Serg. John, 546. 
McLauren (ship), 469. 
M'Clintock, Rev. Mr., 272. 
McLeod, Norman, 442. 
McNeil, Hector, 572, 573, 640. 
Meal, 579. 

Measurers of customs, 676. 
Measurers of salt and sea coal, 27. 
Measures, 26. 
Meat, 135, 139, 141, 579. 
Mechanics, 13, 424, 431, 439, 521. 
Mechanics Light Infantry, Salem, 

445- 
Mechanics' Row. 152. 
Medbery, Rev. Nicholas, 289-292. 
Medcalf, Thomas E., 248. 
Medford, Mass., 153. 
Medical books, 1 18. 

discoveries, 77. 
Medical society, Massachusetts, 118. 
Medicine, 30, 74, 76, 193. 
Meeting house, Rev. Mr. Andrews', 
167, 430. 

Baptist, 183. 

Mr. Boddily's, 430. 

Brattle Street, Boston, 65, 93. 

Rev. Mr. Gary's, 69, 79, 135, 356, 

39O' 505- 
Mr. Dana's, 396. 
East, in Salisbury, 372. 
First Parish, 65. 
First Presbyterian, 183, 432. 
of First Religious society, 137, 183. 
of Fourth Religious society, 183, 

184. 
Rev. John LowelPs, 30. 
in Market square, 138, 139. 545. 
Rev. Mr. Noble's 544. 
Rev. Christopher B. Marsh's, 30. 
Methodist, 183. 
Old South, 52, 501. 
Rev. Mr. Parsons', 395, 501, 505. 
Rev. Jonathan Parsons', 30. 
Presbyterian, 162. 
Prospect Street, 5S2. 
at Sawyer's hill, 213. 
Second Congregational, 183. 
Second Presbyterian, 183. 
Rev. Mr. Tucker's, 79. 
Unitarian, 224. 
Universalist, 224. 



Meeting houses, 14, 22, 27, 30, 52, 65, 
69, 79, 93. 135, 137-139. 162,167, 
183, 184, 213, 214, 224, 248, 252- 
257, 266-268, 270, 272, 275-286, 
288-293, 296-299, 303-307, 309, 
322, 330, 338, 340, 354-356, 372, 
390, 395, 396, 41 1> 418, 421-423, 
425, 427, 429-439, 442, 446, 452, 
453, 501, 505, 539, 544, 545, 582, 
666, 678. 
Mehitable (brig), 239. 
Meigs, Maj. Return J., 556, 557. 
Melodeon, The, 668. 
Memnon (ship), 460. 
" Memoirs of Eminently Pious Wo- 
men," 495. 
Memorial service of Elisha P. Dodge, 

224. 
Memorial services, 224, 261, 420. 
Memorials, 650, 656, 664. 
Men, E\ening school for, 313. 
Meneely & Co., 263, 301, 689. 
Menial, Mr., 158. 
Men-of-war, 553, 603, 624, 629. 
Mercantile affairs, 27. 
" Mercantile Arithmetic," " A New 

System of," 494. 
Mercantile wharf, 393. 
Merchandise, 29, 48, 54, 103, 105, 148, 
176, 238, 373, 397, 403, 437, 450, 
531,575,578,624, 653, 662. 
Duties on, 45, 675. 
Foreign importation of, 88. 
" Merchant of Venice," 158. 
Merchant vessels, 103. 
Merchantmen, East India, 620. 
Merchants, 13, 18, 21, 24, 28, 29, 45, 
46, 48, 49, 67, 91, 112, 149, 238, 
278, 320, 381, 424, 431, 443, 450, 
453,457,482,521, 523, 531,575- 
577, 581, 5S7, 592, 594, 597, 601, 
620, 622, 623, 649. 
Merchants' Bank building, 523. 
Merchants' Telegraph Line, 201. 
Mercury (brig), 633. 
Mercury (brigantine), 645. 
Mercury (ship), 463. 
Merlande, Pierre, 116. 
Merrill, Mr., 362. 

Abel, 17, 271, 272, 450. 

Benjamin, 650. 

David J., 175- 

George B., 237. 

Rev. George P., 283. 

Henry, 288, 289. 

James, 237. 

John, 200, 319, 681. 

John, A. M., 666. 

Hon. John, 194, 434. 

Jonathan, 1 11. 

Moses, 196-198, 368, 547, 629,687. 



INDEX 



73 5 



Merrill, cotiliniien 

Nathan, iii. 

Oliver B., 325, 346, 684. 

Orlando B., in, 453, 655. 

Paul A., 234, 248. 

Robert M., 346, 

Stephen, 90. 

Thomas, 79, 289, 342, 343, 360, 390, 
540, 548. 

Thomas, jr., i 7. 

William H., 372. 
Merrill's lane, 342, 343, 453. 
Merrill street, 113, 318, 332, 334, 342, 

343. 453- 
Merrmiack (schooner), 468. 
Merrimack (ship), 1 11, 114, 175, 430, 

453i 463. 

Merrimac (sloop-of-war), 633. 

Merrimack (United States ship), 601. 

Merrimac, Mass., 407, 6S5. 

Merrimack Arms and Manufacturing 
company, 173. 

MerrimackCanal, Proprietors of the, 149. 

Merrimack chain bridge, 85. 

Merrimack Circulating library, 520, 522. 

Merrimack court, 357, 461. 

Merrimack Division, No. 11, Sons of 
Temperance, 187. 

Merrimack, Fort, 562. 

Merrimack Gazette and Essex Adver- 
tiser, 511. 

Merrimack hotel, 388. 

Merrimac house, 332. 

Merrimack Humane society, 256. 

Merrimack Journal, 517. 

Merrimack Library association, 523. 

Merrimack Magazine and Ladies' Lit- 
erary Cabinet, 512. 

Merrimack Manufacturing company, 
149. 

Merrimack Miscellany, 512. 

Merrimack river, 13, 18, 19, 21, 22,27, 
31, 80, 134, 145, 147, 149-152, 
I54> i74> 185, 194, 195, 200, 205, 
207, 208, 250, 333-336, 341, 342, 

344, 347. 34«, 35 1. 356, 360-366, 
368-3731 399, 401, 404, 406, 407, 
413, 443. 453, 456, 464, 551, 608, 
609, 655. 

Channel of, 31. 
Piers to mark, 31. 
Piers in, 31, 606. 

Merrimack River association, The, 149. 

Merrimack River, Proprietors of Locks 
and Canals on, 148, 149. 

Merrimack street, 131, 134, 147, 167, 
169-171, 173, 180, 182, 208, 225, 
265, 272, 331, 332, 334, 335, 338- 
348, 351-353, 356, 357, 359, 362, 
364, 393, 394, 399, 404, 405, 4i5, 
421, 425, 432, 442, 443, 450, 453. 
459, 460, 465-469, 505, 516, 6go. 



Merrimac \'alley \'isitor, 517. 
Mersey river, 456. 
Mestre, Jaque, 116. 
Louis Eli, 1 16. 
Metal, 632. 

Methodist Episcopal church, 294-297. 
Methodist Episcopal meeting hou«e, 

183, 354- 
Metis (bark), 467. 
Mexican war, 667. 
Mexico, 667, 669. 
Mexico, City of, 669. 
Meyor, Jos., 239. 
M'Gregor's bridge, 392. 
Miantanomah (schooner), 467. 
Michigan, 194. 

University of, 321. 
Middle ship-yard, 28, 113, 124, 134- 

137, 364, 365, 449, 452. 
Middle street, 152, 170, 173, 221,222, 
224, 297-299, 332, 337, 350, 351, 
436, 442, 492,493, 507,511, 512, 
514, 517, 522. 
Middlesex Canal company, 148. 
Middlesex company, 95. 
Middlesex county, 445, 668. 
Midshipman, 605. 
Milberry, Capt. W., 108. 
Milford (English frigate), 621-623. 
Miliken, Jonathan, 635, 644. 
Military, 203. 

companies, 660. 

stores, 562, 563, 596, 597. 

supplies, 543, 573, 578. 
Militia, loi, 412, 413, 429, 430, 433, 
434, 440, 442, 444, 447, 543' S^S, 
597- _ 

companies, 409, 431, 432, 539. 
Milk, 578, 579. 
Milk men, 439. 
Milk strett, 281, 332, 335, 336, 352. 

Boston, 93, 102. 
Mill, Bartlet Steam, 445. 

dam, 19. 

Serg. Emery's, 213. 

Grist, 179. 

James, 171. 

Steam, 181, 182. 

stones, 179. 
Mill prison, 602, 603, 605, 606, 

628. 
Miller, William, 239. 
Mills, Charles P., 685. 

Rev. Charles P., 278. 

Robert, 677. 
Mills, 18, 55, 149, 171, 179, iSi, 182, 
213, 228, 229, 445. 

James Steam, 22S, 229. 

Powder, 55. 
Miltimore, Andrew, jr., 209. 

James, jr., 666. 

Rev. James, 307, 546, 666. 



736 



INDEX 



Milton, , 483. 

Rev. Charles William, 30, 102, 256, 
280-283. 
Meeting house of, 30. 
Milton, N. H., 225. 
Miner, Rev. George H., 293, 294, 440, 

441. 
Mineral wealth, 201. 
Mineralogy, 329. 
Minerva (brig), 240. 
Minerva (ship), 633, 645. 
Mines, 668. 
Ministers, 315, 409, 411, 412, 441, 

443, 482, 496, 497. 
Ministry, 432. 
Minuet, 166. 
Minute men, 541. 
Mirror and Casket, 517. 
Mitchell, John, 547. 

Joseph, 548. 

Joshua, 541. 

Nathan'el, 540. 

Serg. Nathaniel, 546. 
Mitchell's falls, 368. 
Mitre, Bishop'?, 261. 
Mob, 41, 46, 47. 
Moderators, 25, 26, 44, 658, 665. 
" Modes of Presbyterian Church Wor- 
ship," etc., 490. 
Moer?, Moses, 540. 
Molasses, 28, 176-178,181,451,452,5 79. 

hogsheads, 55. 
Mole, The, 451. 
Moltater, Urane, 1 15. 
Money, 4"!, 170, 193, 381, 523, 526. 
Monitors in schools, 319. 
Monmouth (ship), 590, 595, 642. 
Monmouth, N. J., 584, 599, 600. 

Battle of, 601. 
Monopoly, 57S. 
Monroe, Pres. James, 415. 

Visit of, 415. 
Monroe street, 225, 241, 332, 345, 360. 
Monseratte (brig), 459. 
Montana (ship), 463. 
Monterey, Mexico, 669. 
Monte Rosa (ship), 464. 
Montesquieu, Lynch de, 387. 
Montevideo, 236, 237. 
Montgomery, Serg. John, 90. 

Nathaniel, 16. 

Corp. Nathaniel, 540. 

Lt. Nathaniel, 546. 

Gen. Richard, 556. 
Montgomery (ship), 573, 575, 576. 
Montgomery, Fort, 584. 
Monthly Paper, The, 513. 
Monticello (vessel), 114. 
Montreal, Canada, 308. 
Monument association, 221, 440, 441. 
Monument on Atkinson common, 220, 
221. 



Monuments, 218, 220, 221, 272, 275. 
Moody, Major, 563. 

Benjamin, 21. 

Cutting, 17, 120,271, 687. 

Capt. Cutting, 26, 309. 

Daniel, 555. 

David, 353, 535, 565, 687. 

Enoch, 540. 

Jane, 605. 

John, 27, 241. 

Joseph, 89. 

Joseph E. , 227. 

Miss Mary, 384. 

Moses, 347, 353. 

Nathaniel P., 91. 

Nicholas, 89, 540. 

Oliver, 33. 

Paul, 149. 

Somerby, 17. 

Stephen, 17. 

Dea. Thomas, 19, 26. 

Hon. W^illiam H., 232, 444. 
Moody's landing, 353, 363. 
Moody's lane, 347, 352, 353, 666. 
Moore, Moses, 546. 
Moose skins, 79. 
More, Edmund, jr., 25. 
Morehouse, Rev. Daniel W., 257. 
Moreland, William, 17. 
Morey, Cieorge I)., 247. 
Morgan, Gov. E. D., 454. 
Morgaridge, William, 39, 40. 
Morgaridge's Point, 357, 453. 
Morning school, 317. 
Morning Star (newspaper), 253, 507. 
Morrell, Quar.-serg. Ezekiel, 90. 

Serg. Samuel, 89. 
Morrett, Capt. Philip, 642. 
Morrill, Aaron, jr., 683. 

Israel, jr., 374. 

John P., 394. 

Joseph, 682. 

Thomas, 540. 
Morrison, Ebenezer, 122, 123. 
Morse, Anthony, 281. 

Edmund, 17, 540. 

Edmund, jr., 18, 34. 

Serg. Edmund, 546. 

Elbridge M., 6S2. 

Enoch, 17. 

James, 325, 520. 

Rev. James, 256, 263, 264, 326. 

Jedediah, D. D., 496. 

Jonathan, 281. 

Joseph, 331. 

Joseph B. , 229, 236. 

Stephen, 540. 
Morss, Rev. James, 516. 

John, 676. 

Joseph 13., 509, 511, 68 1, 683. 
Morss & Brewster, 511. 
Morss, Brewster & Huse, 511. 



INDEX 



737 



Morss building, 226. 
Mortar, Sign of the, 30. 
Morton, Perez, 560, 561, 621. 
Moseley, Charles W., 227, 242. 

Ebenezer, 132, 139, 149, 162, 183, 
184, 188, 398, 416, 658, 665, 680, 
681. 
Ebenezer, esq., 319, 415, 431, 498, 

654- 

Hon. Ebenezer, 415, 442. 

Edward A., 684. 

Edward S., 213, 402, 526, 527. 

Frederick S., 133, 245, 264. 

Lucy, 242. 

William O., 227, 526. 
Moseley avenue, 219, 234. 
" Moses and Aaron," etc., 473. 
Moses Davenport (ship), 463. 
Motly, Thomas, 396. 
Mott, Rev. Henry E., 305. 
Motto: ''The Hero of Two Conti- 
nents," 416. 
Mottoes, 416, 448. 
Mould, 122. 
Moullon, Abel, 170. 

Widow Elizabeth, 337. 

Henry W., 683. 

Jonathan, 239, 337. 

Joseph, 16, 169-171, 643. 

Joseph, jr., 531 . 

Nathan A., 385. 

Susan I., 318. 

William, 17, 164, 169-171. 
Moulton & Bradbury, 170. 
Moulton & Davis, 171. 
Moulton & Lunt, 171. 
Mount Holyoke college, 243. 
Mount Vernon, 420, 488, 494. 
Mourners, 489. 
Mourning lor Abraham Lincoln, 422, 

423- 
Moylen, Stephen, 561. 
Mozart regiment, 671. 
" Much Ado about Nothing," 158. 
Mulattoes, 69, 70. 
Mulliken, Edward, 91. 

John, 166. 

Jonathan, 166, 427. 

Joseph, 91. 

Capt. Moses J. ,237. 

Samuel, 164, 166, 167, 688. 

Susannah, i65. 
Murder, 492. 

Murdock, , 334. 

Murray, ''Damnation," 413. 

Governor, 37. 

Mrs., 88. 

" Salvation," 413. 

Rev. John, 27, 88, 102, 266, 267, 

270, 280, 281, 313,413,489,546. 

Murray's, Rev. Mr., meeting house, 27. 



Murrietta, Capt. Joseph A. de, 413. 
Music, 156, 157, 255, 256, 2S0, 421, 

434. 436, 440, 442, 443. 445. 447. 
477-480, 527. 
box, 497. 
Church, 475, 476. 
" Music in New England," "Ili^toiy 

of," 474. 
Musical association, 430. 
clocks, 166. 
entertainment, 436. 
instruments, 157. 
"Musical Companion," "Gentleman 

and Ladies," 479- 
Musicians, 156, 409, 430, 527, 
" Musick," "A New and Complete 
Introduction to the Grounds and 
Rules of," 474. 
Musket-men, 556-558. 
Muskets, 113, 544, 654, 662, 666. 
Mussey, John, 636. 
Muster-masters, 561, 566, 584. 
Mutton, 579. 

Muzzey, Rev. Artemas, 256. 
Joseph, 333, 335. 
Mrs. Lucy, 242. 
Muzzey's lane, 333, 335. 
Mycall, John, 62, 63, 78, 81, 92, 103, 
260, 313, 483 486, 488 492, 503, 
505, 611, 679. 
Mycall & Tinges, 483, 503. 
]\Iyrtle avenue, 334. 

NABOB (BARK), 466. 
Naiad Qut-en (bark), 466. 
Nails, 30, 626, 627. 
Names, 81. 

on bread, 81. 
Nancy (brig), 107, 239. 
Nancy (ship), 626, 627. 
Nancy (sloop), 240. 
Nanny (ship), 631, 632. 
Nantasket, 594. 

harbor, 566. 

roads, 595. 
Nantes, France, 602, 603. 
Nantucket, Mass., 192, 562. 
Nantz, 653. 
Naomi (ship), 459. 
Naples (bark), 461. 
Napoleon dethroned, 658. 
Nashua, N. H., 278. 
Nason, , 565. 

Charles, 515. 

Elias, 324, 326. 
Nason, Bragdon & Co., 515. 
Nassau, Fott, 602. 
National Lancers, 670. 
Naturalization, 316. 
Naudau, Maiie Felicite, 116. 
Nautical instruments, 662. 



738 



INDEX 



Naval office, 577. 

Naval battalion, 444. 

officers, 449, 577, 578, 595, 625, 

634, 675, 676, 679. 
service, in. 

in Revolution, 601. 
supplies, 656. 

Navell, Samuel, 16. 

Navigation, 31, 250, 369. 

Navigator (ship), 461. 

" Navigator," " New American Practi- 
cal," 491. 

"Navigator," "New Practical," 494. 

Navy, 438, 439, 671. 

Navy agent, 113. 
department, 1 13. 
Officers of the, 421. 

Navy (ship), 175. 

Naylor, Vickers & Co., 279. 

Neale, Daniel, M. A., 498. 

Nearchus (ship), 464. 

Neat tongues, 589. 

"• Necessity of a well experienced sol- 
diery or a Christian Common- 
wealth," etc., 473. 

Needham, Mass., 557. 

Needle work, 311, 315. 

Negro slaves, 117. 

Negroes, 69-71, 117, 585. 

Neil, Capt. Francis, i 75. 

Nellie C. Foster (schooner), 469. 

Nelson, J., 239. 

Jeremiah, 336, 337, 441, 520, 656, 

680. 
Hon. Jeremiah, 150, 319. 
Mrs. Mary, 336, 337. 
Mary B., 337. 
Samuel, 548, 549. 

Neptune (ship), 651. 

Neptune street, 334. 

Nestorian (ship), 461. 

Neutral French, 37-39. 

Neutrality in war between England and 
France, 102. 

New street, 264. 

New brick church, 275, 276. 
burned, 276. 

"New American Practical Navigator," 
494. 

New Brunswick, 174, 2S0. 

Newbury, Mass., 13,18-21,23-25,27,39- 
41, 46, 57, 58. 70, 72,73, 75, 76, 
93,99, loi, 105, III, 119, 120, 
123-125, 128, 129, 134, 136, 137, 
139, 140, 142, 151- 153, 154, "tii, 
164, 169-171, 178-1S0, 185, 190, 
204-209, 211, 213-215, 226, 228, 
236, 241, 252, 253, 257, 263, 265, 
266, 270-272, 287 289, 294, 295, 
298, 305. 306, 309, 324, 326, 333- 
336, 338, 341, 342, 345-351, 354- 



Newbury, Mass., continued. 

357. 360, 361, 363, 364, 366, 368- 
370, 378-380, 386, 387, 394, 395, 
399, 404, 406-409, 416, 418, 427, 
437, 439) 441 443. 449. 452, 453. 
4.S9, 461. 465, 471-474, 483-485, 
493, 538, 543' 544, 548, 551, 556- 
558, 560, 561, 586, 59c, 600, 605, 
618, 655, 659, 661, 666, 675, 683- 
685, 688. 

Newbury, Vt., 484. 

Newbury (brig), 466. 

Newbury bar, 151. 

Newbury calvary, 433. 

Newbury Green, loi. 

Newbury New town, 543. 

Newbury Spring Bleaching compaby, 
228. 

Newbury street, 332, 349. 
Boston, 480. 

Newburyport, Mass., 21-42, 44-53, 55- 
60, 62-64, 66, 67, 69, 71-86, 88, 
89, 91, 92, 94, 96, 99-115, 117- 
120, 123-125, 129, 130, 133-137, 
139-142, 145, 146, 149-154, 156- 
171, 173-187, 190-196, 201, 202, 
204-209, 211-219, 221, 222, 224- 
232, 234-238, 241-245, 247, 248, 
250, 252, 253, 255, 257-260, 263, 
265-267, 270, 272-276, 278, 280, 
281, 284-289, 291-301, 303, 305, 
307-311, 316, 317. 320-322, 324, 
326-329, 331, 333-339, 341, 342, 
344, 346-361, 364-370, 372, 374- 
38S, 390-392, 394-416, 418-429, 
431, 432, 435-444, 446, 447, 449- 
453, 456, 459-463, 465, 471, 474, 
476, 478-501, 503, 505, 507-509. 
511-518, 520, 522, 524, 526, 527, 

529-535, 537-546, 548-573, 575- 

583, 585-603, 606-609, 611-614, 
■ 616-631, 633-636, 639, 645, 648- 

651, 653-656, 658-671, 675, 677- 

679, 6S2-685, 688, 689. 
View of, 79, So. 
Newburyport (ship), 175, 461. 
Newburyport (tune), 476, 477. 
Newburyport academy, 322, 325, 326. 
Newburyport Advertiser, 513, 515. 
Newburyport and Amesbury railroad, 

403- 
Newburyport and Amesbury Horse 

Railroad company, 405, 406. 
Newburyport Aqueduct company, 229. 
Newburyport Artillery, 416, 422, 425, 

44;, 445- 
association, 557. 

company, 421, 426, 430, 431, 433- 
436, 445, 582, 585, 586. 
Newburyport Athenreum, 520, 521. 
Newburyport bookstore, 498. 



INDEX 



739 



Newburyport and Boston turnpike, 

377, 378. 
Newburyport bridge, 370, 373, 374, 

399- 
Newburyport Chair company, 188. 
Newburyport City railroad, 365, 404. 

company, 404. 
" Newl)uryport in the Civil War," 

423, 671, 672. 
" Newburyport Collection of Sacred 

European Musick," 480, 481. 
Newburyport Courier, 517. 
Newburyport Daily Germ, 516. 
Newburyport Daily News, 516. 
Newburyport Debating society, 433. 
Newbur}'port Female High school, 323. 
Newburyport Gazette, 516. 
Newburyport, Georgetown and Danvers 

railroad, 401, 402. 
Newburyport harbor, 79, 80, 150, 151, 

194, 195- 
Plan of, 150, 151. 
Newburyport Herald, 142, 145, 171, 
174, 181, 261, 291, 330, 392, 464, 

495, 509, 515, 521-523, 601. 
company, 511. 

Newburyport Herald and Commercial 
Gazette, 509. 

Newburyport Herald and Country Ga- 
zette, 170, 507, 509-511. 

Newburyport High school, 329. 

"Newburyport," " History and Present 
State of the town of," 499. 

Newburyport Hosiery company. Facto- 
ry of, 183. 

Newburyport Ice company, 226. 

Newburyport Item (newspaper), 516. 

Newburyport library, 518, 519. 
association, 519. 

Newburyport Lyceum, 434. 
association, 188-190. 

Newburyport, Maps of. See Maps. 

Newburyport Marine society, 387. 

Newburyport Morning Herald, 511. 

Newburyport Public library, 486, 490, 
492, 522, 525-528. 

Newburyport railroad, 403, 404. 
company, 402, 403. 

Newburyport Sabbath School and Tract 
society, 330, 331. 

Newburyport and Salisbury bridges, 
362, 373-376. 

Newburyport Shoe company, 225. 

Newburyport Star (newspaper), 517. 

Newburyport Street Sprinkling associa- 
tion, 227, 228. 

Newburyport Suspension bridge, 373. 

Newburyport turnpike, 358. 
corporation, 377. 

Newburyport Veteran Artillery associ- 
ation, 438. 



Newburyport Water company, 229-232, 

234- 
Newcastle, Duke of, 420. 
Newcomb, Rev. Edward H., 278. 
Newell, Edward, 17. 
Joseph, 209. 
Richard, 685. 
W., 664. 

Rev. William W., jr., 271. 
Newell's, Lynn, 556. 
New England, 55, 117, 253, 258, 266, 

330, l^l, 409, 432, 437, 471, '472, 

474, 479, 481-483, 497, 5oo, 534, 

556, 621, 657, 664, 665. 
New England Almanac, 483. 
New England Chronicle, 500. 
New England conference, 296, 297. 
New England Historic-Genealogical 

society, 243, 423. 
" New England," '' History of," 496. 
New England Lace company, 181. 
'"New England Primer," 490, 491. 
New England Repertory, 512. 
New England rum, 178, 589. 
shoe trade, 226. 
society, 669. 
states, 288, 585. 
New Era (scow), 468. 
Newfoundland, 27, 174, 175, 456,632. 
Newhall, Samuel, 17. 
New Hampshire, 93, 148, 153, 259, 

260, 370, 387, 397, 399, 408, 411, 

413, 421, 541, 542. 552. 
New Hampshire Gazette, 500. 
New Haven, Conn., 486. 
New Hill burying ground, 217, 218, 

275, 332- 
New Jersey, 549, 627, 669. 
New lane, 345, 360. 
New London, Conn., 602. 
Newman, John, 17. 

Moses, 540, 548. 

Robert, 114. 

S., 239. 

Samuel, 287, 288, 680. 

Capt. Wingate, 627, 629, 646. 
New Orleans, La., 201, 669, 671. 
Newport, R. I., 518, 602. 
" New Practical Navigator," 494. 
New Rowley, Mass., 272. 
News, 455. 
News Letter, 500. 
Newspaper advertisements, 78, 79. 
Newspapers, 56, 78, 79, 243, ^153, 330, 
382, 395, 441, 471, 482,483, 500- 
517, 520, 526-528, 6i2, 613, 620, 
631, 649. 

English, 631. 
News Publishing company, 516. 
" New System of Modern Geography," 
"A," 497. 



740 



INDEX 



" New Testament," "The," 498. 
Newtown, Pa., 599-601. 
"New Universal Harmony," 478, 479. 
New York, 41, 235, 259,1380, 408, 426, 
454, 549. 582, 627, 629-631, 634. 
New York, N. V., 94, 95, 108, 113, 
159- 193, 212, 219, 236, 237, 245, 
275, 369^ 414, 426, 438, 454, 456, 
491, 494, 602. 
New York regiment, 671. 
Nichols, John H., 300. 
William, 638, 639, 676. 
Capt. William, 638, 651-653, 661, 
662, 664. 
Certiiicate of release of, 652. 
Personal description of, 653. 
William W., 182. 
Nineteenth Essex district, 6S2, 683. 
Noble, John, 395. 
Oliver, 482. 

Rev. Oliver, 271, 272,427. 
Noble's, Rev. Mr., meetinghouse, 544. 
Nonantum (ship), 466. 
Non-importation of goods, 49. 

Agreements for, 533. 
Norfolk, Va., 193, 648. 
Norfolk street, 335, 338. 
Norman, George H . , 229. 

Norris, , 480. 

Norris, C, & Co., 497. 
North America, 41, 3S0. 
North American colonies, 532. 
Congress of deputies of, 532. 
North Atkinson street, 145, 208, 247, 

334, 347, 348- 
North Atlantic trade, 454. 
North Berwick, Me., 27S. 
North church, 162, 218, 499. 
North Congregational church, 271, 276- 

279, 494. 
North Congregational meeting house, 

273, 275-277, 427, 482. 
Ruins of, 276. 
North Congregational society, 340, 355, 

497- 
North Danvers, Mas<;., 403. 
North river, 91. 
North school, 310, 313-315. 

house, 310, 314, 318. 
North street, 185, 305, 332, 347, 356, 

357, 360, 453. 454, 562. 
North Writing school, 313. 
Northend, Enoch T., 406. 
Hon. William D., 424. 
Northern Chronicler, 512. 
^Norton, Bishop, 81, 313, 314, 518, 
546, 680. 
Jonathan, 548, 549. 
Joshua, 17. 
Norwegian merchants, 456. 
Notes, 118, 198. 
Notes, Letters for musical, 474, 475. 



Nova Scotia, 258, 627. 
Nowell, George, 241. 

Moses, 17, 535, 565. 

C.pt. Moses, 540, 541, 549, 55T, 
555, ?66, 567, 586, 600. 

Samuel, 540. 
Noyes, Captain, 107, 

Abiaham, 585. 

Amos, 189. 

Amos, esq., 257. 

Cutting, 350. 

Davis F., 179. 

Eliphalet, 90. 

Elizabeth, 318. 

Mrs. Elizabeth (Greenleaf), 386, 

Enoch, 118, 178, 521. 

Eugene, 28,484, 511, 513. 

Isaac P., 385. 

Rev. James, 471-473, 492, 493- 

John P., 295. 

Joseph, 548. 

Joseph, jr., 1 7. 

Capt. Joseph, 76. 

Miss Mary, 386. 

Hon. Nathan, 416. 

Nathaniel, 348. 

Parker, 16. 

Patty, 11^ 

Paul, 18, 118, 541, 603, 629. 

Robert, 118. 

Sally, 118. 

Samuel, 137. 

Simeon, 548. 

Stephen, 122. 

Col. Thomas, 386. 

William, 71, 179, 565. 

William Herbert, 179. 
Noyes, Somerby C, & Co., 180. 
Noyes, W. H., & Bro. Company, 179, 

180. 
Noyes, William H., & Bro., 179. 
Noyes, William H , & Co., 179. 
Noyes & Vine, 179. 
Noyes' wharf, 332. 
Numbering houses and stores, 349. 
Nurses, 73, 74, 76, 242. 

Training school for, 242. 
Nursing, 76. 
Nye, Dr. Samuel, 629. 

k i /^AK," "THE BbACON," 30, 

'^ 141, 142. 

Oaken ribs, 456, 457. 
Oak Hill cemetery, 208, 21 8, 219,228, 

276, 291, 304, 332, 527. 
association, 218. 
Oak street, 334. 
Oak timber, 149. 
Oakland street, 13, 173, 305, 333, 334, 

346, 347, 356, 357, 360, 453, 459, 

466, 562. 
Oakum, 145. 



INDEX 



741 



Oath of allegiance, 256. 

Oatmeal, 626. 

Oats, 579, 616. 

Obed Baxter (bark), 468. 

Ober, Samuel, 541. 

Oberlin (bark), 461. 

O'Brien, , 107. 

Captain, 626. 

Dennis, 288. 

Capt. Jeremiah, 569-571, 612, 613, 
634, 644. 

John, 284, 644. 

Capt. John, 634, 641, 642. 

Rev. John, 3C0. 

Joseph, 287, 288. 

Lt. William, 634. 
O'Brien & Pike, 107. 
Occupation of the settlers of Newbury, 

13- 
Ocean avenue, 351, 378, 556. 
Ocean house, 393. 
Ocean Pearl (schooner), 466. 
Ocean street, 345. 
Ocean Mills company, 225. 
Ocean Wave, The, 5 1 7. 
O'Connell, George H., esq., 232. 
Odd Fellows, 436. 
Odell, Charles, 379, 406. 
Odes, 409, 425, 433, 434, 436, 437, 

442, 666. 
Odiorne, Capt. Nathaniel, 637, 647. 
Odors, 213. 
Officers, 134. 
Ogden, David, 454. 
Ohio, 235, 390, 549i 669. 
Oils, 66, 175, 282, 573, 651, 662. 
Paint, 662. 
Sperm, 175. 
Train, 573. 
Whale, 175. 
Old Brick meeting house in Boston, 

429. 
Old Colony (ship), 460. 
Old Hill burying ground, 105, 115, 

214, 215, 256, 272, 332, 549, 
Old South meeting house, Boston, 52, 

501. 
Oldtown bridge, 39, 73, 195, 543. 
Olive, 410. 

Olive (schooner), 240. 
Olive Branch (brig), 107, 239. 
Olive lane, 342. 
Olive street, 289, 297, 332, 342, 358, 

360, 406, 438. 
Oliver, Stephen, 444. 
Oliver Putnam (ship), 463. 
Omnibusses, 404, 405. 
Ontario (steamship), 457, 466. 
Opinion of supreme court of the Uni ed 

States, 231. 
Oporto, 631, 632, 



Orange street, 332, 352, 438. 
" Oration," by Thomas P. Fox, 499, 
" Oration," by Ebenezer Moseley, 498. 
" Oration Pronounced Before the 
Right Worshipful Master and 
Brethren of St. Peter's Lodge," 
etc., 495. 
Orations, 418, 425, 426, 429, 432-437, 

441, 495, 498, 499, 666, 669. 
Oratorio of St. Paul, 423. 
Orchestral Union, 156. 
Ordinances, City, 210. 
Ordination of Rev. Thomas Cary, 30. 
Ordinations, 30, 252, 253, 272, 273, 
276, 284, 286, 287, 304, 473, 6S9. 
Ordway, Charles W., 241. 

John, 341. 

Moses, 341. 

Thomas, 288. 
Ordway's grant, 362. 
Ordway's lane, 28, 145, 215, 309, 341, 

351, 356. 
Organ builder, 253. 
Organ in St. Paul's church, 261, 263. 
Organist, 255. 
Organs, 253, 261, 263, 278, 280, 476. 

Church, 253, 261, 263. 
Orne, Colonel, 560, 563, 564. 

John, 676. 
Orpheus Club quartette, 444. 
Osborne, Mr., 518, 519. 

George J., 518. 

George Jerry, 492. 
Osgood, Alfred, 171. 

Charles E., 683. 

Gayton P., 676. 

Rev. George W., 283. 

John, 300, 326, 441. 

Nathaniel S., 217. 

Samuel, 382. 
Otheman, Bartholomew, 296. 
Otis, James, 617, 618. 

Samuel A., 109, 261, 325, 325. 

Samuel A., jr., 1 12. 

Samuel Allyne, 618. 
Otis place, 334. 

Overseers of the poor, 25, 26, 37, 38, 
73, 184, 204. 

Boston, 533. 
Oxen, 270, 370, 544. 

PACIFIC (SHIP), 461. 
Pacific coast, 175, 201, 456. 
Packet, 454, 456. 
Packet ship, British, 661. 
Packet ships, 630, 661. 
Page, Benjamin, 90. 

David P., 513. 

David Perkins, 320, 321, 32^. 

John, 288. 

John T., 236. 



742 



INDEX 



Pails, 55. 
Paine, Mr., 452. 

Josiah, 397. 

Robert Treat, 421. 

Thomas, 421. 

Thomas, A. M., 494. 
Paine, Samuel, «& Co., 451. 
Painters, 438, 668. 

colors, 27. 
Portrait, 99, 117, 526. 
Paintings, 388, 442. 
Pall bearers, 256, 582. 
Pallas (brig), 590, 595, 640. 
Pallas (brigantine), 595, 639. 
Palmer, Brigadier, 569. 

Ambrose, 255. 

j., 621. 

Mary, 600. 

Sir Roundell, 235. 

Timothy, 255, 315, 368-370, 540- 

Serg. Timothy, 546. 

WilHam, 677. 
Palmer, G. \V., & Co., 495. 
Palmer & Spofford, 255. 
Pamphlets, 426, 427, 474, 482, 484, 
489, 494-497, 500, 520, 524, 527. 
Paper, 480. 

Duty on, 45. 
'^ Parade," "The,'' 596. 
Parades, 156, IS7, 43°) 431, 435. 439, 

442-444. 
Paramount (bark), 461. 
Paris, France, 238, 601, 658. 
Parish, Elijah, D. D., 496, 497. 

Moses P., 681. 

Moses P., esq., 434. 
Parishes. See under their respective 

names and numbers. 
Parize, France vor, 115. 
Park, John, 512. 
Park commissioners, 213. 
Park street, 284, 339. 
Parker, Chief-justice, 153. 

Hon, Isaac, 98. 

Noah, 130. 

S., 102. 

Samuel, 311 . 

Samuel S., 491. 

Silas, 540, 548. 

Southey, 288. 

Rev. Thomas, 471, 473. 
Parker river, 13, 18, 39, 40, 406, 408, 

439, 441- 

bridge, 73, 408, 409, 544. 
Parker street, 207, 219. 
Parks, 213, 220. 
Parliament, 41-45, 53, 54- '93, 258, 

531, 534, 536, 580. 
Parlors, 293, 387. 

of Wolfe tavern, 387. 
Parochial residence, 301. 

school buildings, 301. 



Parry, Edward, esq., 530. 
Parsonage house of the First Presby- 
terian society, 88. 
Parsons, Colonel, 565. 
Rev. Mr., 46, 427 558. 
Capt. Daniel, 639. 
Eben, 642, 

Ebenezer, 641, 643, 644, 647. 
Gorham, 377. 
Capt. Harry, 653. 
John D., 527, 
Jonathan, 51. 

Capt. Jonathan, 594, 641. 
Rev. Jonathan, 30, 265-267, 270, 
310, 482, 485, 545, 546. 
Meeting house of, 30. 
Mrs. Phebe, 482. 

Theophilus, 61, 62, 64, 65, 77, 99- 
102, 109,154, 156, 273, 414, 431, 
520, 678, 679. 
Theophilus, esq., 83, 92, 94-96, 98, 

99, 313, 408, 410. 
Hon. Theophilus, 108, 301. 

House of, 301. 
William, 644. 
Capt. William, 642. 
Parsons', Rev. Mr., Meeting house, 

395, 427, 501, 505. 
Parsons street, 332, 334. 
Parthenia (ship), 463. 
Parton, James, 443. 
Passengers, 201, 202, 627, 630, 661. 
Pastors, 482-484, 4S9, 494, 546, 

689. 
Pasture, Common, 74-76, 106, 185, 
207, 358. 
Davenport, 217. 
Great, 40, 41, 72, 73. 
Pastures, 18, 21, 40, 41, 72-76, 106, 

160, 185, 207, 217, 358. 
Patch's wharf, 332. 
Patent bridge, 369, 370. 
Patent Jacks, 162. 
Paths, 211, 212, 218, 219, 

on mall, 21 1, 212. 
Patrols, 628. 
Patten, Robert W., 682. 
Patterson, Rev. Robert A., 292. 
Patton, Rev. Myron O., 283. 
Paul, Andrew M., 171. 
" Paul Jones, Founder of the Ameri 

can Navy," 604. 
" Paul Revere and his Engravings," 

428. 
Pavilions, 157, 442. 
Pawtucket Falls, 148, 149. 
Paxton, Edmund, 471. 
Payne, Prof. VV. H., 321. 
Peabody, Corp. Abraham, 90. 
Anna (Little), 153. 
Charles, 175, 296. 
David, 153. 



INDEX 



743 



Peabody, contimied. 

Ebenezer, 91. 

George, 152, 153, 399, 526. 
Life of, 526. 

James C, 515. 

John, 133, 153, 680. 

John, esq., 326. 

Gen. John, 153, 388. 

Judith (Dodge , 153. 

Thomas, 153. 
Peabody, Everett, Post No. 108, G. 

A. R., 440. 
Peabody trust fund, 526. 
Peace (ship), 79. 
Peace, Treaty of, 598. 
Peacock (schooner), 642. 
Peak, Elder John, 287. 

Rev. John, 287-290. 
Pearce's, Mr., farm, 351, 361. 
Pearl street, Boston, 53. 
Pearson, Amos, 16, 239, 240, 540, 578. 

Lt. Amos, 582. 

Serg. Amos, 547, 549. 

Benjamin, 540, 546. 

David, 541, 547. 

Capt. Green, 641 . 

Harris, 303. 

Capt. Jabez L., 438. 

Jeremiah, 18. 

Jeremiah, jr., 17. 

Capt. Jeremiah, 26, 642. 

John, 239, 303, 680. 

Capt. John, 183, 184. 

Rev. John, jr.. 303. 

John G., 171. 

Jonathan, 17. 

Joseph, 17, 541. 

Joseph, jr., 567. 

Capt. M., 107. 

Robert, 288. 

Walter S., 517. 
Pearson, John G., & Co., 171. 
Pearson's hotel, 433. 
Pearson's mills, 18. 
Pearsontown, Me., 48. 
Peas, 579, 616, 626. 
Pease, Rev. Bartlett, 290. 

Capt. J. H., 175. 
Peck, John, 55. 

Capt. John, 56. 
Pecker, George, 90, 91. 
Peekskill, N. Y., 582-584. 
Peggy & Polly (schooner), 239. 
Pelham, Henry, 428. 
Pemberton, John, 345. 
Pen, 653. 

Penalties, 43, 104, 105, 141. 
Penalty for fast driving, 104, 105. 
Penas, Cape, 456. 
Pencil, 321. 
Penet & Son, 574. 



Pennsylvania, 259, 380, 556. 

regiment, 669. 
Penobscot bay, 590, 593, 595. 
Penobscot expedition, 593-596. 
Penobscot liver, 380, 590, 592, 593, 

595- 
Pension rolls, 668, 
Pentucket pond, 226. 
People's Advocate, and Commercial 

Advertiser, 514, 515. 
People's Methodist Episcopal church, 

294, 295. 
People's Street Railway company, 407. 
Pequot library, 491. 
Percy, Earl, Regiment of, 616, 617. 
Periodicals, 512. 
Perkins, Abraham, 261, 296, 331. 

Capt. Alexander G., 672. 

Mrs. Anne, 549. 

Benjamin, 548. 

Capt. Benjamin, 547-549, 599, 600. 

Lt. Benjamin, 540. 

George, 291. 

Henry C, 521, 682. 

Jacob, 431. 

Joseph, 90. 

Matthew, 134, 549. 

N., 332. 

T. H., 399. 

Thomas, 162, 388, 398. 
Parley, Renton M., 182. 

Sidney, 208. 
Pernambuco, 236. 
Perrin, Ferico, 115. 

Mariane, 1 15. 

Sophia, 115. 
Perry, John, 540, 546. 

Oliver H., 242. 
Persia (bark), 467. 
Pest house, 73, 74. 
Pestilence, 191. 
Peter (brig), 240. 
Peters, Mr., 142. 

Richard, 369. 
Petersburg, \'a., 192. 
Petersham, Mass., 89. 
Petition to congress in 1796, 108. 

for incorporation of Newburyport, 13. 

to general court, 183. 

to set off western part of town, 19. 
Petitions, 13, 19, 108, 183, 271, 531, 
590, 606-608, 6 [I, 622, 625, 634, 
035' 649, 656. 
Petrel (schooner), 461. 
Pettingell, , 107. 

Cutting, 295. 

Edmund, 540. 

James, 130. 

John, 149, 239, 377, 531, 635, 645. 

John Q. A., 685. 

Joseph, 548. 



744 



INDEX 



Pettingell, continued. 

Joshua, 540. 

Matthew, 16. 

Moses, 205, 207. 

Nicholas, 354. ^ — 

Richard, 193. 

Samuel, 90. 

Thomas, 90. 

William S., 682. 
Petlingell's wharf, 332. 
Pews, 253, 255, 259, 267, 275, 283, 
286, 289, 294. 

Square, 286. 
Pewter, 544. 
Phenix (brig), 640. 
Phenix (vessel), 114. 
Philadelphia, Pa., 77, 92, 108, no, 
ii3t 153. 259, 267, 330,369,484, 
493, 514, 518, 531-533, 567, 599- 
602, 604, 605, 627, 671. 
Philadelphia street, 355, 
Philalethes (Rev. Samuel Spring), 486. 
Phillips, Captain, 552. 

Mr., 560. 

Bridget, 551-554. 

John, 676. 

Samuel, 55, 209, 676. 

Samuel, jr., 64, 484. 
Philosophical research, 77. 
Philosophy, 77, 524. 
Phcebus, 128. 

Phwnix building, 169, 515, 517. 
Phrenix Circulating library, 522. 
Phcenix hall, 157, 158, 297. 
Physicians, 76, 11 7-1 19, 409. 
Piazza, 394. 

Pickering, Timothy, 108, 382. 
Pickering (United States brig), ill. 
"Pickle for the Knowing Ones," 

495. 496, 499, 500. 
Pickman, Benjamin, 156. 
Pidgeon, Benjamin, 17. 
Pierce, Enoch, 240, 546. 

Franklin, 446. 

J. W., 162. 

Capt. N., 107. 

Nathaniel, 273, 683. 

Hon. Nathaniel, 686. 

Nathaniel G., esq., 71. 
Pierpont, John, esq., 432. 
Piers, 31, "119, 149, I50> «S2, 185, 195, 
208, 372, 373, 401, 551, 559,606, 
608, 609. 

The, 119. 

in Merrimack river, 606, 608, 609. 

to mark the channel of Merrimack 
river, 31. 

Stone, in river, 372, 373. 

.Sunken, 195. 

Wooden, 551. 
Pies, 79.;544- 



Pigeon, Moses, 540, 548, 549. 
Pike, , 107. 

Justice, 119. 

Mr., 343. 
-^ Albert, 322. 

Alfred W., 322, 326. 

Benjamin, 17. 

Caleb, 295. 

Charles W., 247. 

Daniel P., 676. 

Rev. Daniel P., 290, 298, 299, 423, 
514. 

Enoch, 288. 

Capt. Enoch, 643. 

James, 499. 

James D., 683. 

John D., 221, 683. 

Hon. JohnN., 191. 

Joseph S., 3:9. 

Joseph T., 320. 

Joshua M., 368. 

Corp. Moses, 540. 

Lt. Moses, 89. 

Nicholas, 217, 374, 377, 680. 

Nicolas, 61, 311, 313,314, 338, 355, 
370, 487, 488, 550, 686. 

Nicolas, esq., 489. 

Richard, 325, 326, 337, 486, 518. 

Samuel B., 237. 

Miss Sophie, 324. 

Timothy, 26. 
Pike, John D., & G;., 221. 
Pike street, 179, 334. 
Pilgrim (ship), 645. 
Pillars, 130. 
Pillsbury, Captain, 653. 

Hon. Albert E., 232, 443, 444. 

Capt. Eliphalet, 546. 

Enoch, 18, 26. 

Josiah, 348. 

Nathaniel, 296. 

Stephen M., 297. 

Wingate, 651. 
Pillsbury's lane, 348, 357, 404. 
Pillsbury's wharf, 332. 
" Pilot," " American Coast," 493. 
Pilots, 66, 74, 551, 615, 651. 
Pinder, Benjamin, 296. 

James, 547. 

Peter, esq., 492. 

Thomas, 18. 
Pine street, 334. 
Pine swamp, 377. 
Pine tree, 621. 
Pingree, Moses, 91. 
Pipe Stave hill, 1 70. 
Piper, Daniel W., 264. 

George W., 687. 
Pipes, 104, 661. 

Water, 200, 201, 228, 230, 234. 
Pirates, 492, 



INDEX 



745 



Piscataqua river, 368, 369. 

Pistareens, 310. 

Pistols, 565, 615, 662. 

Pitchers, 170, 321. 

Pitts, Mr., 560. 

Place, Lieutenant, 664. 

Places of interest, 579. 

Plan of Market landing, 130, 131, 135. 

Plank, 373. 

Plant, Rev. Matthias, 264. 

Planters, 1 16, 1 17. 

Plate, 170, 271, 272, 662. 
Church, 271, 272. 

Plates, 445. 

Platform, 440, 445. 

Pleasant street, 146, 157, 158, 173, 
183, 203, 222-225, 227, 247, 255, 
256, 299, 322, 323, 332, 334, 355, 
356, 384, 406, 418, 421, 423, 425, 

431-4331 436-439, 523- 
Pleasant Street meeting house, 432-435, 

437^ 439, 442. 
Pledge, Temperance, 187. 
Plumb Bush creek, 195. 
Plum island, 41, 66, 67, 72-74, 151, 

194, 195, 204, 205, 208, 215, 250, 

378, 379, 391, 392, 406, 550, 551, 
565-567, 581, 654, 655, 660. 

Batteries on, 666. 

Fort on, 606, 609, 610. 

Fortifications on, 660. 

hotel, 151, 378, 379, 391, 392, 407. 

lighthouse, 151. 
Plum Island Bridge and Turnpike 

company, 378, 379. 
Plum Island Electric Street Railway 

company, 406. 
Plum Island river, 13, 147, 149, 194, 

195, 378. 

Plum Island Street Railway company, 

406. 
Plum Island turnpike, 204, 208, 378, 

379, 666. 

Plum Island Turnpike and Bridge cor- 
poration, 391. 
Plumer, Albert, 270. 

Daniel, 281. 

Dr. Daniel T., 270. 

Enoch, 18, 541, 567. 

Miss Eunice T., 324. 

Frank H., 227. 

Miss Jane, 270. 

John, 18. 

Jonathan, 75, 541. 

Joseph, 603, 629, 

"josiah, 287, 541. 

Miss Maria, 270. 

Miss Mehitable T. , 270. 

Richard, 236, 385. 

Samuel S., 681. 

Tristram, 396, 540. 



Plymouth county, 384, 3S5. 
Plymouth, Eng., 602, 628. 
Po, The, 128. 
Pocahontas (brig), 215. 

Wreck of, 215. 
Poet laureate, 500. 

Quaker, 456. 

of Thebes, 492. 
"Poetical Works of Peter Pinder, 

esq.," 492. 
Poetry, 127, 432, 455-4 57- 
Police, 420. 
Police court, 190, 191. 

room, 190. 
Police department, 190. 

station, 1 13, 364, 450. 
Political calendar, 512. 

gatherings, 387. 
Political Gazette, 507. 
Political meetings, 444-446. 
Polk, James K., 667. 

President James K., 418, 419. 
Visit of, 418, 419. 
Polly (brig), 107. 
Polly (schooner), 73, 239. 
Polly (sloop), 108. 

Pomp (negro slave), Manumission of,7i. 
Pond street, 78, 212, 215, 256, 358, 

359, 444- 
Ponds, 22, 208, 211, 226, 228-230, 399. 
Poor (Poore), , 261. 

Ben: Perley, 515. 

Maj. Ben : Perley, 439, 448. 

Daniel, 18. 

Joseph, 603, 629. 

Capt. Nathan, 646. 
Poor, The, 86, 184, 193. 

department, 199. 

of Newbury port, 104. 

Overseers of, 204. 
Poore's lane, 347, 357. 
Pope, Alexander, esq., 485. 

Rev. Louis A., 294. 
Popkins, Rev. John Snelling, 93, 256. 
Population, 27, 160, 161, 688. 

in 1764, 27. 

in 1905, 688. 
Porch, 253, 281. 
Pork, 193, 541, 579, 616, 626, 635, 

636, 661. 
Porringers, 1 70. 
Port of Boston closed, 54. 
Port of Newbury, 449. 
Port au Prince, 452. 
Port Law (ship), 466. 
Porter, 88, 146, 616. 
Porter, Mr., 309. 

John, 141, 175, 181, 209, 338, 687. 

John, esq., 2c6. 

William, 227. 

William B., 227. 



746 



INDEX 



Portico, 130. 

Portland, Me., 48, 193, 379, 380, 382, 

396, 397, 415, 4i9> 420, 4^3, 651. 
'• Portland " (name proposed for New- 

buryport), 34. 
Porto Rico, 176, 265. 
Portrait painted on gla^s, 663. 
Portrait painters, 99, 1 1 7. 
Portraits, frontispiece, 59, 77, 100, 

155, 223, 242, 243, 321, 387-389, 

417, 442, 443, 500, 526, 568, 574, 

615, 623, 663. 
Ports, 54, 449, 452, 466, 531, 649, 

656, 660, 662, 670, 675, 676. 
Foreign, 648, 675. 
Portsmouth, Eng., 661. 

N. H., 29, 31, 47, IS3- 192, 195, 

236, 260, 272, 368, 373, 374, 

379-382, 394-397, 400, 408, 410, 

413, 418, 438, 450, 481, 498, 514, 

516, 530, 539, 550, 552,553, 565, 

604, 613, 655, 661. 
harbor, 553. 
Va., 192. 
'' Portsmouth Flying Stage Coach." 29. 
Portsmouth, Newburyport & Boston 

Stage company, 388. 
Post, The, 380, 381. 
Postage, 383, 384, 505. 
Postal service, 379. 
Post chaise, 377. 
Post horns, 380. 
Postmaster of Lynn, 167. 
I'ostmaster-general, 94, 382. 

Deputy, 381. 
Postmasters, 167, 379-385, 4S2, 512. 
Postmen, 380, 382. 
Post-offices, 321, 381-3S5, 480, 503, 

630. 
Post -riders, 53, 379, 381, 382, 395. 
Post-roads, Surveyor of, 380. 
Posts, Alarm, 654. 
Post stage, 395. 
Pot, Tar, 47. 

Potash house, 55, 120, 121. 
Potatoes, 579, 613, 616. 

Spanish, 579. 
Pots, Cream, 170. 
Potter, William, 398. 
Potter's kiln, 122. 
Pouhry, 139, 387, 419, 579. 
Powder, 30, 56, 57, 105, 106, 113, 

214, 409, 430, 550, 554. 555, 560, 

563, 564, 571, 597,614,635, 636, 

654- 
(lun, 44. 
horn, 578. 
house, 79, 105, 106, 120, 121, 185, 

538, 539- 
mills, 55. 
vessels, 559. 



Powder House hill, 214. 
Powell, Rev. James, 278. 

Hon. Jeremiah, 585, 586. 
Power station, 406, 468. 
Powers, Rev. Peter, 484. 
Pownalborough, Me., 612. 
Western parish of, 612. 
Jail in, 612. 
Pratt", R. D. & Thomas S., 517. 
Pratt Brothers, 517. 
Prayer, 266, 310, 421, 423, 432, 436 
440, 543, 666. 
at opening of school, 310. 
Prayer book, 257, 258. 

Erasures in, by Rev. Edward Bass, 
258. 
Preaching, 266, 267, 282. 
Prentiss, Stanton, 347. 
Presbyterian church, Newburyport, 484, 

489. 
"Presbyterian -Church - Worship," 

" Modes of," etc., 490. 
Presbyterian congregation, 482, 485. 
meeting house, 162, 482. 
society, 102. 
Presbyterians, 46, 413. 
Prescott, Oliver, 77. 
Presidents of the United States, 103, 
108-IIO, 196, 378, 408-411. 413- 
415, 418-421, 424, 425, 435, 445, 
446, 488, 648-650, 658, 667, 668, 
670, 671, 675, 676. 
Press, 667. 

Preston, Capt. William, 638, 642. 
Price, William, 26. 
Prices fixed, 578, 579. 

regulated, 596. 
Pride, Elisha P., 394. 
Primary schools, 322. 
•' Primer," " The New England," 490, 

491. 
Prince, J., 338. 

James, 184, 218, 372, 377, 39f , 4' i, 

650, 676. 
James, esq., 416. 
Rev. Joseph, 267. 
Prince Edward's Island, 175. 
Prince place, 171, 179, 222, 224, 225. 
Prince of Wales, 419. 

Visit of, 419. 
Princess Elizabeth (British packet-ship), 

661. 
Printers, 63, 482, 4S4, 49S, 501, 503, 

505, 517, 520, 522. 
Printing, Art of, 503. 
Printing offices, 480, 487, 494, 501, 
503, 505, 507, 515, 517. 
press, 78, 482, 484, 501. 
Prioress (schooner), 466. 
Prison, English, 603, 605. 
Prison, Mill, 605, 606, 628. 



INDEX 



747 



Prison ship, 633, 653. 

Prisoners, 89, 492, 544, 556, 559, 560, 

579. 580, 602, 603, 612, 617, 618, 

620, 622, 624, 626-628, 631, 651, 

653, 661. 

of 1776; A Relic of the Revolution, 

628. 
of war, 652. 
Exchange of, 653. 
Pritchard, Hugh, 307. 
Mrs. John B., 182. 
Thomas, 237. 
William, 237. 
Private schools, 311. 315. 
Privateers, 106, 107, 114, 238, 570, 
579, 5S0, 605, 612-620, 622-647, 
650-653. 
French, 114, 238. 
Privaleersman, 394. 
Privy council, 381. 
Prize crew, 651, 663. 
court, 613. 
master, 631, 651. 
ships, 592, 631. 

vessels, 590, 592, 626, 627, 629, 631. 
Prizes, 570, 661, 662. 
Procession, Funeral, 582. 

Torchlight, 446. 
Processions, 186, 409, 416, 418, 421, 
426, 430-432, 434, 436, 437, 439, 
441, 442, 444-447, 582, 666. 
Proclamation of president of the United 

States, 102, 103. 
Proctor, Nathaniel, 90. 
Professor of divinity, 253. 
Professors, 253, 321, 437. 
Promenade concert, 443, 445. 
Property, Division of town, upon incor- 
poration of Newburyport, 32. 
Proprietors of Locks and Canals on Mer- 
rimack river, 148, 149. 
Prospect hill, 546, 556, 578. 
Prospect street, 30, 164, 184, 281, 304, 
330'332>336,338,349o50,447>448. 
Prospect Street meeting house, 283, 

425, 435, 446, 5S2. 
Protector (frigate), 449, 588, 589. 
Prostestant non-conformists, 498. 

young men, 329. 
Proudfit, Rev. John, 270. 
Providence (sloop), 592. 
Providence (sloop-of-war), 602. 
Providence, R. I., 248, 585. 
Province, 530. 
Province of Massachusetts Bay, 19, 21, 

23,. 25, 50, 53, 66. 
Provincial army, 626. 
charter, 58. 

congress, 56, 57, 382, 537, 550-553. 
Provisions, 543, 548, 556, 567, 575. 
592, 594, 596, 597, 635, 636. 
for Englibh army, 616, 661. 



Provost, Bishop, 259. 

Provost-marshall-general, 671. 

" Psalm Singers' Assistant," 480. 

I'sahn tunes, 166, 473-476. 

" Psalmodist," "Universal," 476. 

Psalms, 280. 

" Psalms of David," 485. 

Psalter, 310. 

Public library, 243, 522-528, 689. 

building, 393, 408, 410, 416. 

Boston, 243. 
Public property committee, 234. 
Publishers, 390, 495, 509, 512, 514, 

515, 517, 522, 527. 
Pudding lane, 354. 
Pulcifer, Ebenezer, 288. 
Pulpits, 255, 264, 266, 267, 281, 286, 

294, 667. 
Pump, Force steam, 201 
Pump in Market square, 139. 
Pump, Old town, 234. 
Pumping station, 230. 

Bartlett's spring, 233. 
Pumps, 139, 201. 234, 632. 
Punches, 29, 42. 
Pupils, 315-317, 319, 323. 
Purchase street, 291, 295, 322, 332, 

354, 355- 

Boston, 93. 
Purchase Street meeting house, 295. 
Purser, 114. 
Putnam, , 156. 

Billings, 288. 

Gideon, 62. 

Oliver, 326-328. 

Samuel, 154. 
Putnam Free school, 324-328. 

building, 324. 
Pyrola (schooner), 469. 

QUADRILLE (GAME), 156. 
Quaker burying ground, 28. 
Quaker field, 28. 

poet, 456. 
Quartermasters, 582. 
Quebec, Can., 546, 556, 558, 626. 

Reduction of, 387. 
Queen of England, 526. 
Queen Anne's chapel, 214, 257, 264. 
Queen's chapel, Portsmouth, 260. 
Queen street, 28, 309, 310, 341, 355, 
362, 364, 450, 562. 

London, Eng., 526. 
Queenstown, Ire., 454. 
Queen's wharf, 363, 450. 
Quills, 409. 

RACER (SHIP), 460. 
Racklief, Joseph, 629. 
Radiant (ship), 464. 
Raduga (ship), 460. 
Rafts, 148. 



74S 



INDEX 



Railroad, Annapolis & Elkridge, 671. 

Boston & Maine, 208, 402, 403. 

Eastern, 373, 374, 378. 

Newburyport City, 365. 

stations, 332, 445- 
Railroad street, 334. 
Railroads, 332, 365, 373, 374, 378, 

398 405, 671. 
Rain, 152, 380, 416, 670. 
Rainsford's island, Boston harbor, 74, 

119. 
Raisins, 79, 662. 

Malaga, 662, 
Ram island, 195, 205, 208, 544. 
Rambler (ship), 459. 
Rand, Edward, 325, 326, 531. 

Edward S., 149, 327, 441, 6S0, 681. 

Edward W., 191, 688. 

Hon. Edward S., 328. 

Serg. Rufus, 668. 
Randall, Moses D., 328, 422, 437, 522. 
Ranger (brig), 239. 
Ranger (schooner), 647. 
Ranger (snow), 626. 
Rangoon (ship), 463. 
Ranlet & Norris, 480. 
Ransom of British packet-ship Princess 

Elizabeth, 661. 
Rantoul, Robert, jr., esq., 668. 
Rapid (brig), 453. 
Ratcliffe, Nelson, 16. 
Ravine, 124. 

Rawson, Edmund (Edward?), 345. 
Raynes, John, 314. 
" Reader," "The Little," 499. 
Reading, 310, 312, 315, 316, 327, 330, 
490, 491, 499. 

desk, 264. 

room, 243, 521, 526, 528. 

school, 14, 309. 
Reading, Mass., 403. 
Reardon, Mrs., 157. 
Reasonable (English frigUe), 602. 
Reasonable (ship-of-war), 628. 
Rebecca (schooner), 240. 
Rebecca (ship), 241. 
Rebellion, Shay's, 88, 89. 
Rebellion, War of the, 235. 
Rebels, 88, 89. 
Receptions, 193, 446, 447. 

Public, 446, 447. 
Reddington, John, 91. 
Redwood Library association, 518. 
Reed (Read, Reid), Daniel M., 682. 

Rev. Daniel M., 298. 

Enoch M., 236. 

Rev. John H., 305. 

Joseph, 637. 

Paul, 636. 

Capt. Paul, 645. 

William, 324. 

Plon. William, 444. 



Reeds, 148. 

Reformation, 498. 

Refugees, French, 114, 115, 215. 

Regular army, 667. 

Regulars, The, 543, 544, 

Regulations, School rules and, 312. 

Reina del Oceana (ship), 460. 

Rejan, Capt. A., 107. 

Rejoicings, Public, 44. 

" Relic of the Revolution," 602. 

Relief of poor in Boston, 532. 

Relief of sufferers from fire and famine, 
191-194. 

Relief fund, Irish, 192. 

Religion, 412, 471. 

Religious doctrines, 514. 

Religious Library, The, 521. 

Religious paper, 513. 

Remick, Joseph, 16. 

Renown (ship), 465. 

Repairs of public buildings, 199. 

Reporter (ship), 466. 

Representatives to congress, 109, III, 
384, 423, 444, 445, 676. 
to provincial congress, 537. 
to general court, 23, 24, 32, 33, 43, 
44. 52. 56, 58, 60, 62, 372, 399, 
414, 429. 535, 553-555, 575, 576, 
582, 598, 607, 613, 667, 669, 
678-685. 
Instructions to, 62, 85. 
House of, 656, 664. 

Reprisal, Letter of, 619, 620. 

Republic (ship), 461. 

Republic (sloop), 635. 

Republicans, 108, 671. 
National, 513. 

Reredos, 261. 

Reservoir, 208. 

Resolutions, 415, 416, 422, 425, 429, 
445, 522, 53[, 534, 537, 552-554, 
563, 569, 570, 572, 588, 592-594, 
596. 608, 637, 648, 649, 667, 
671. 

Restorer (United States cable steamer), 

465- 
Retailers, 184. 
Retaliation (ship), 644. 
Retrieve (brig), 241. 
Retrieve (schooner), 240. 
Reunion of Newbury and Newburyport 

proposed, 32, 33. 
Revenge (brigantine), 646. 
Revenue, 41. 

laws, 46, 47, 53. 
Revere, , 282. 

Paul, 166, 279, 427, 428, 543. 
Revere & Son, 256, 261, 268. 
Review of troops, 557. 
Revolution, American, 41. 

French, 114, 117. 
Revolutionary army, 503, 598. 



INDEX 



749 



Revolutionary soldiers, 390, 394, 433, 

435- 
war, 54, 69, 79, 169, 257, 258, 387, 

394, 396,45°' 452. 518, 529,612, 
624, 625. 
Reward, 1 70. 
Reynard fship), 465. 
Reynolds, W. J., & Co., 500. 
Rhode Island, 247, 259, 265, 370, 426, 

567, 585, 586, 601. 
Rice, 193, 237,' 577. 
Richard Cobden (ship), 459. 
Richard S. Spofford (schooner), 468. 
Richard's wharf, 332. 
Riehards, D., 107. 
Richardson, Mr., 424. 

Arthur C, 684. 

Enoch, 547. 

George W., 180. 

Rev. John, 473. 

Rev. John G., 292. 

Pottle, 405. 

Rev. Richard H., 270, 423. 

Samuel, 390-392, 397- 

Rev. William C., 265. 
Richardson, G. W., company, 180. 
Richmond, Va., 288, 451. 
Ricker, John W., 684. 
Riders, Post, 53, 379, 381, 382, 395. 
Ridge, The, 206, 207. 
Rifle company, Byfield, 441. 
Riflemen, 419, 556-558. 
Rigan, Capt. Peter, 627. 
Riggers, 99, 112. 
Ring, Gold, 667, 668. 
Ring's island, 280, 366. 
Ringing of church bells, 52. 
Rings, 171, 667, 668. 
Rio Grande, 667. 

river, 669. 
Riots, 41, 42, 46, 47, 174. 
Ripp, Mrs. Sarah, 216. 

WiUiam, 216, 217. 

William Coffin, 216. 
River lots, 361, 362. 

road, 204. 
Riverdale, N. Y., 426. 
Road toward West Indies, 121. 
Roads, 121, 372, 378, 380, 407. See 

Highways. 
Roberts, Col. James, 582. 

John C, 540. 

John Carr, 547. 

Joseph, 209. 

Peter, 643. 

Capt. Peter, 614, 637, 643, 647. 

Robert, 17, 309, 341, 360. 
. Capt. Robert, 32, 33, 41, 361. 

Miss Sarah, 145. 
Roberts street, 171, 332, 349. 



Robinson, , 492. 

Gov. George D., 447. 

Howard S., 505, 507. 

Capt. Joseph, 645. 

Joshua D., 437, 682. 

Samuel, 631. 

Timothy S., 682. 
Robinson & Tucker, 507. 
Rochambeau, Count de, 387. 
Rock, Anvil, 207. 

Lunt's, 151. 
Rockets, 412, 446. 

Rocks, 21, 22, 31, 39. 149-151, 185, 
195, 207, 208. 

Badger's, 195. 

Black, 195. 

Gangway, 149-151, 185, 195. 

Great, 151. 

Half-tide, 39, 151, 185, 195, 208. 

Sunken, 31, 151. 
Rogers, Daniel C, 237. 

David, 540, 547. 

Edmond, 545. 

Francis, 540. 

George L., 237. 

John, 17. 

Levi, 396. 

Moses, 26, 547. 

Capt. Moses, 535. 

Robert, 17. 

Samuel, 178. 

Maj. William, 5S2. 
Rogers' mill-dam, 19. 
Rolfe, Joseph N., 683. 

Samuel, 26, 27. 
Role's lane, 204, 351, 378, 556. 
Rollins, Jabez, 91. 

John R., 322. 
Roman (ship), 461. 
Roman Catholic bishop, 118. 

chapel, 187. 

church, 219, 299. 

Religious society, 299. 
Rope, 47, 270. 

walks, 28, 77, 80, 120-122, 556. 

yard, 28. 
Ropes, Nathaniel, 20. 
Rosalind (ship), 461. 
Roscoe (brig), 202. 
Rose (ship), 239, 240. 
Rose Estabrook (schooner), 468. 
Ross, Alexander, 595, 629. 

Capt. Alexander, 642. 

Rev. James H., 283. 
Rotterdam, Holland, 452. 
Roveine, Augestane, 115. 
Row galley, 573. 
Rowe, Jacob T., 221. 

Capt. Joseph, 573-576, 637, 
646. 



750 



INDEX 



Rowley, Mass., i8, 76, 153, 287, 291, 

377, 378,407, 409, 543. 685. 
Roxbury, Mass., 162, 2S0, 564. 
" Royal Melody," 474, 476. 

Tansur's, 479. 
Royal Society of London, 162. 
Ruby (brig), 239. 
Ruby (brigantine), 646. 
Ruggles, Miss Theo Alice, 441. 
Rules and regulations, School, 312. 
Ruling elders, 411, 412. 
Rum, 28, 70, 451,579,589,627,651,661. 

New England, 28, 145, 147, 178, 

579, 589- 
Distillation and importation of, 28. 

West India, 181, 579, 589. 

carts, 141. 
Rundlett, Samuel, 27. 
Runnels, Ens. Enos, 90. 

William F., 182. 
Russell, Judge, 20. 

Albert, 182, 209. 

Edward P., 182, 229. 

Ezekiel, 503. 

Joseph, 639. 

Robert, 182. 

William, 636. 

Capt. William, 641, 644. 
Russell, Albert & Sons, 182. 
Russell & Walker, 182. 
Russell (ship), 107. 
Russell Sturgis (ship), 460. 
Russia street, 318, 332, 342. 
Rust, Francis, 17. 

Ryan, Rev. William H., 301, 303, 308. 
Rye, 81, 183. 

CABBATfl, PROFANATION OF, 

"^ 330- 

Sabbath School and Tract society, 330, 

331- 

Sachem (ship), 158, 600. 

Said Bin Sultan (bark), 465. 

Sailing-master, 114. 

Sail-loft, 177. 

Sail makers, 112. 

Sail-making, 177. 

Sailors, 41, 409, 438, 439, 455, 655. 

Sails, 454, 455, 662. 

Salary of postmaster-general, 382. 
Rev. Samuel Spring, 274. 
teachers, 310-313, 316. 

Sale of merchandise, 578. 

Salem, Mass., 20, 30, 57, 62, 77, 91, 
13s, 136, 139, 153. 156, 167, 168, 
201, 252, 258-260, 266, 267, 291, 
300, 328, 334, 377, 379, 381, 382, 
386, 388, 394, 397, 398, 400, 406, 
415, 481-483, 494-496, 500, 503, 
516,518,529,531, 535, 537, 551. 
552, 561, 564, 565, 593, 594, 613, 
661, 662, 688. 



Salem Baptist association, 292. 

Salem Gazette or the Newbury and 

Marblehead Advertiser, 503. 
Salem Mechanics Light infantry, 445. 
Salem street, 332. 

Sales, Conventions at Concord to regu- 
late, 596. 
Salisbury, Mass., 31, 38, 80, 150, 151, 
153. 185, 195, 205, 208, 240, 241, 
280, 291, 295, 316, 332, 347, 362, 
366-370, 372-376, 400, 401, 403, 
405, 407, 413, 453. 544, 551, 558, 
609, 661, 682,683, 685. 
Fort in, 609. 
Salisbury beach, 147, 151, 195, 208, 
250, 407. 
Old road to, 407. 
Salisbury Beach Plank Road company, 

148. 
Salisbury Branch railroad, 403. 

company, 403. 
Salisbury Point, 151, 298, 317. 
Salleron, Albert, 575. 
Sally (brig), 115. 

Sally (schooner), 107, 119, 239, 240. 
Sally (sloop), 108. 
Salmon, 174. 

Salt, 27, 79. 150. 451, 452, 575. 651. 
Cadiz, 79. 
works, 150, 151. 
Salt Lake City, 668. 
Saltonstall, Captain, 595. 
Capt. David, 602. 
Hon. Leverett, 445. 
Saltpetre, 55-57. 

Salutes, 202, 413, 426, 429-431, 435, 
438, 439, 441, 443. 446, 659, 665. 
Federal, 202, 665. 
Salver, Silver, 369. 
Sampson, Joseph, 17. 
Sampson, Murdock & Co., 334. 
Sam Slick (bark), 466. 
Samuels, Capt. Samuel, 454. 
San Bias (schooner), 469. 
Sanborn, Green, 336, 337. 
Sand, 122, 250. 
Sandy beach, 378. 
Sandy Hook, 4S4- 
Sandy street, 348. 

San Francisco,Cal.,20i, 236, 456, 506. 
Santo Domingo, 215. 
Sapphire (ship), 463. 
Sarah Chase (ship), 466. 
Sarah E. Kingsbury (bark), 469. 
Sarah Newman (sliip), 463. 
Sarah Woodbridge (schooner), 467. 
Saratoga (cartel), 652. 
Sargent (see Sergant)^ Daniel, 641-643. 
Lucius Maulius, 413. 
Capt. Nathaniel, 643, 644. 
Patten, 682. 
William H., 225. 



INDEX 



751 



Satin, 79, 315. 
Satisfaction (sloop), 639. 
Saturday Evening Union, 515. 
Saturday Evening Union and Essex 

North Record, 515. 
Saturday Night, 516. 

company, 516. 
Sauce ladles, 170. 

Savage, Samuel Phips, 588, 594, 635. 
Savannah, Ga., 382, 633, 672. 
Savory, Ebenezer, 322, 326. 

M., 239. 
Saws, Hand, 30. 
Sawyer, Dr., 95. 

Albert P., 241. 

Edmund, 484. 

Edward, 485. 

Capt. Edward, 57. 

Elizabeth, 344. 

Enoch, 377. 

Enoch, esq., 93. 

Matthias, 526. 

Micajah, 64, 77, 377. 

Micajah, esq., 408. 

Dr. Micajah, 312, 313, 535, 608. 

Stephen, 347. 

William, 519. 
Sawyer, William, & Co., 519. 
Sawyer Hill burying ground, 213. 
Sawyer's land, 347, 348. 
Sawyer's tavern, 156. 
Scabbard, 417. 
Scales, 132, 133. 

Hay, 77, 78, 122, 123, 128. 
Scarborough (man-of-war), 553. 
Scarborough, Me., 414. 
Scarfs, 56. 
Scargo (ship), 460. 
Scarlett's wharf, 386, 387. 
Schamyl (bark), 467. 
Schofield, George A., 685. 
Scholars, 314, 316. 409, 422, 489. 
School, Boarding, 315. 

books, 316. 

children, 415, 418, 433, 435, 437, 

439. 441, 442, 444- 
committee, 198, 318, 319, 322, 323. 
Dancing, 31. 
department, 198, 199. 
districts, 315. 
Free, 315. 
Girls, 132. 
Grammar, 316, 317. 
houses, 14, 122, 123, 128, 197, 211, 

212, 287, 294, 309, 310, 314, 316- 

320, 322-325, 342, 354. 
Brick, 128, 212. 
Lace, 181. 
masters, 309-313, 316, 318, 320, 

323, 409, 487, 503. 
piistresses, 311, 316. 



School, contimied. 

Parochial, buildings, 301. 

Period of, 315. 

rules and regulations, 312. 

Training, for nurses, 242. 

vacations, 312, 313. 
Schools, 14, 15, 127, 309-319, 321-323, 
326, 328, 330, 331, 422, 489, 491, 
496, 497, 499. 

Charity, 316. 

Evening, 311, 313, 314, 322. 

Examination of, 323. 

Female, 318, 499. 

Morning, 316, 317. 

Primary, 322. 

Private, 311, 315, 316, 321, 326. 

Sunday, 330, 331. 

School street, 266, 310, 319, 332, 354. 

Schooners, 73, 107, 119, 202, 236, 

239-241,453, 459, 461, 465-470, 

557, 569-571, 596, 613, 614, 626, 

634, 637-643, 645, 647, 648, 653, 

655- 
Schuyler, General, 627. 
Schuylkill river, 369. 
Science, 524. 
Sciences, 77, 520. 
Scientific education, 329. 
Scientific school. Wheelwright's, 329, 
Scientific subjects, 77, 
Scituate, Mass., 260. 
Scotchman, 146. 
Scotland, 265. 
Scott, Gen. Winfield, 669. 
Scow, 468. 

Sea Bride (bark), 237, 460. 
Seabrook, N. H., 440. 
Sea-coast men, 566, 567. 
" Sea Fencibles," 659, 665. 
Sea Flower (brigantine), 636, 646. 
Seal, 369. 

Seal island, 151, 195, 208. 
Sealers of leather, 26. 

of weights and measures, 26, 78. 
Seamen, 67, 103, 108, 202, 602, 603, 
606, 622, 652, 659, 671. 

Care of sick and wounded, 652. 
Searl, Rev. Mr., 485. 

George, 79. 

Rev. John, 482. 
Second Advent church, 304. 

society, 303. 
Second Congregational church, 48. 

meeting house, 183. 
Second Essex district, 685. 
Second parish, 19, 214. 

church, 305. 
Second Presbyterian church, 218, 284- 
286. 

meeting house, 183, 322, 434. 

society, 267. 



752 



INDEX 



Secretary of state, His Majesty's, 52. 
Secretary of war, 194, 250. 
Sedgwick, Hotel, 393. 
Sedman, Thomas, 91. 
Seine, 174. 

"Select Harmony," 479. 
Selectmen, 15, 16, 19, 25, 26, 34-36, 
38-41,50,69, 73-76, 78, 81, 83, 
102, 105,106, 120, 122-124, 130, 
134, 136, 139-141, 143, 145) 162, 
163, 174, 175, 182, 185-188, 192, 
194, 197-199, 201, 209, 211, 215, 
217, 309, 310, 313-316, 318, 319, 
322, 323, 335, 337,338, 341,344) 
345. 349-352, 355-361, 363, 364, 
366-368, 409, 414-416, 421-423, 
425, 43°, 431, 433, 436, 450, 531, 
532, 535, 537, 545, 546, 548-550, 
555, 565, 578-580. 582, 585, 596, 
597, 608, 611, 648, 654,658, 660, 
666. 
Boston, 45, 387. 
Marblehead, 534. 
Newbury, 32, 33. 
Seminary, 689. 
Semi-Weekly Germ, 516. 
Semi-Weekly Herald, 509. 
Senate, Slate, 656, 664. 

United States, 385. 
Senatorial convention, 444. 
Senators, State, 228, 444, 679. 

United States, 215, 413. 
Seneca, 495. 
Sentinels, 628. 
Serenaders, 156, 430. 
Serapis (English man-of-war), 603-605. 
Sergant (see Sargent)^ Jacob, 90. 
Moses, 90. 
Robert, 90. 
Rev. Winwood, 258. 
Serges, 30. 
vSermon, Election, 484. 

Funeral, 546. 
Sermons, 88, 256, 261, 266, 267, 275, 
278, 427, 429, 473,482, 484, 485, 
489, 497, 545, 546- 
Serpents (fire), 538. 
Sessions, Court of general, 387. 
Settlement of Newbury, 441-443. 
Settlers of Newbury, 439. 
Seventeenth regiment, 599, 600. 
Sever, W., 617. 
Sewage, 235. 
Sewall, Miss Ann, 339. 
Mrs. Ann, 339. 
Henry, 345. 
Miss Jane, 386. 
John, 17, 339. 
Sarah, 339. 
Stephen, 17, 26,51,310-313,339,686. 



Sewall place, 339. 

Seward, Emanuel, 288. 

Sewers, 235. 

Seymour, Rev. Charles R., 278. 

Joseph n., 485. 
Shackford, John, 547. 

Paul, 27, 105. 

Samuel, 17. 

William, 540, 547, 603, 629. 
Shad, 174. 

Shambles, 135, 136, 139, 140, 187. 
Shark (schooner), 596, 642. 
Shaw, Edward P., 148, 379, 406, 684. 

Hon. Edward P., 298. 

Miss Lucy Ann, 324. 

Samuel, 378. 

Samuel, jr., 397. 
Shay, Richard, 547. 
Shays, Daniel, 88, 89, 91. 
Shays' Rebellion, 88, 89, 549. 
Sheaf, Jacob, 350. 
Sheds, 135, 136. 
Sheepscut, Me., 575, 576. 
Sheep skins, 79. 
Sheffield, Eng., 279. 
Shells, 626. 

Shepard, Hon. Harvey N., 444. 
Sheriff, 409. 

Sherman Cadets of Lawrence, 426. 
Sherrill, Edwin N. , 224. 
Sherry wine, 79. 
Shillaber, Ebenezer, 319, 681. 
Ship, British packet, 661. 
Ship lane, 354. 
Ship, Model of, 142. 
Shipbuilders, 112, 236, 237, 449, 450, 

459, 539- 

Ship building, 13, 45, 202, 534. 

Ship carpenters, 46, 438, 539. 
Wages of, 312. 

Ship chandlers, 493, 494. 

Ship-masters, 41, 66, 443, 581, 651, 
658, 664. 

Shipping, 421, 430, 431. 

Ship street, 332, 334, 354, 539, 601. 

Ship work, 182. 

Ship wrecks, 99, 112, 626. 

Shipwrights, 99, 112. 

Ship-yard, Cross', 353. 
Middle, 364. 

Shipyards, 27, 28, in, 113,353, 362- 
364, 421,449, 450, 453, 454, 459- 
461, 465-468, 588, 655. 

Ships, 53, 74, 103, 107, 108, 111-114, 
135, 136, 175, 193, 201, 202, 236- 
241, 383, 414, 450, 469, 492, 501, 
502, 530, 553, 559, 572-576, 587- 
590, 592, 593, 595, 600-605, 614- 
619, 624-627, 630-636, 640, 642- 
646, 648, 649, 651, 653-655, 662. 



INDEX 



753 



Ships, continued. 

Armed, 594. 

British, 619, 653. 

Prison, 633. 

Prize, 592. 

of war, 569, 572, 590, 604, 619, 622, 
628, 655. 
British, 590, 648. 
United States, 655. 
Shirley, W., 387. 

Gov. William, 386. 
Shirts, 585. 

Shoe buckles, 170, 282. 
Shoe dressing, Patent, 298. 
Shoe makers, 99, 668. 
.Shoe manufactories, 221. 
.Shoe manufacturing, 224, 225. 
Shoe shop, 298. 
Shoes, 105, 106, 221-226, 585, 626. 

for the army, 585. 
Shomaker, Rev. Elmer E., 278. 
Shop, Barber, 341. 

Shoe, 298. 
.Shopkeepers. 79, 483. 
Shops, 29, 30, 73, 152, 164, 167, 169- 
171, 179, 181, 184, 221, 350, 353, 
362, 379, 380, 4S4, 486. 

Grog, 186. 
Shot, 554, 566, 607, 635, 636. 

Grape, 554. 
Shovels, Iron, 55. 
Shrigley, Rev. James, 298. 
Shrubs, 218, 220. 
Siam, 600. 

Siamese twins, 158, 159, 600. 
Sibley, E. R., 241. 
.Sidewalks, 335. 
"Sigma," 413. 
Sign of the American Eagle, 390. 

Bible, 493. 

Bunch of Grapes, 390. 

Dish, 503. 
, Glove, 79. 

Globe, 386. 

Golden Ball, 79. 

Golden Eagle, 30. 

Mortar, 30. 
Sign of Thomas Tannatt, baker, 36. 

The Wentworth Arms, 388. 

James Wolfe, esq., 387-389. 
Sign-board, 349. 

Swingmg, 388, 389. 

Wolfe tavern, 29, 387. 
Signal (bark), 467. 
Signal officer, 668. 
Silk, 315. 

Silk street, 289, 360. 
Silloway, Joseph, jr., 422. 
Silver, 167, 170, 544, 597. 
Silver-plate worker, 170. 
Silversmiths, 169, 170, 625. 



.Silverware, 41, 169-171, 173, 321. 
.Simmons, Charles, 90. 
Simons' tavern, Danvers, 539. 
Simpson, Michael H., 227, 250, 524. 
Paul, 27. 
Thomas C, 191, 227, 329, 379, 676, 

684. 
Simpson annex to public library, 524, 

526. 
.Sinclair, Rev. Brevard D., 271. 
.Singapore, 237. 
Singing, 156, 203, 219, 409, 421-423, 

425, 426, 433 438' 440-444, 446, 

473, 474- 476, 479-481- 
Singing books, 473, 474, 476-480. 
"Singing T'saim Tunes," "A very 

plain and easy Introduction to the 

Art of," 473, 474. 
Sisters of Charity, 301. 
Sixteenth Essex district, 684. 
Sixth Essex district, 683. 
Sixth Massachusetts congressional dis- 
trict, 444. 
Skins, Sheep, 79. 
Sky Rocket (ship), 590, 595, 643. 
Slater, Mrs. Winthrop, 369. 
Slave, Pomp, Freedom of, 71. 
Slaveholders, 69-71. 
Slavery, 43, 72, 482. 
Slaves, 69-72, 117. 
Sleeper, Henry, 18. 
John, 540, 547. 
Capt. Moses, 547. 
Sleet, 670. 
Sleighing, 156. 
.Sley, 1 01. 
Slippers, 221, 226. 
.Sloops, 39, 240, 241, 557, 558, 569- 

571, 592, 612-614, 620, 626, 635- 

637, 639, 645- 

of war, 453, 572, 602. 
Smallpox, 39, 40, 72-76, 118, 119. 

hospital, 40, 41, 76. 
Smart, Thomas, 582, 584. 
Smith, Anthony, 416. 

Charles, 226. 

Charles F., 247. 

Charles T., 226. 

Rev. Elias, 514. 

Enoch, 27. 

Mrs. E. Vale, 415, 515, 545. 

Fred E., 385, 516. 

Harriet M., 226. 

Henry, 509, 629. 

Jacob H., 226. 

Jeremiah, 548. 

John, 547, 603, 629. 

Capt. John, 638. 

Joseph, 541. 

Josiah, 240, 415, 

Hon. Josiah, 416. 



754 



INDEX 



Smith, continued. 

Justin H., 558. 

Leonard, 239, 284, 378. 

Nathaniel, 541, 546. 

Richard, 271, 555, 585. 

Capt. Sargent, 642. 

Silvanus, 459. 

Thomas, 261. 

Rev. Thomas, 396. 
Journal of, 396. 

William, 377. 
Smith, Charles T., & Co., 226. 
Smith & Pettingell, 108. 
Smith, Pettingell & Coffin, 107. 
Smith & Townsend, 459. 
Smith's court, 334. 
Smoking pipes and cigars on streets, 

etc., prohibited, 104. 
Smuggling, 46, 538. 
Snow, 380. 

Snow (vessel), A, 626, 631. 
Social gatherings, 88, 387. 
Social Library, Second, of Newbury- 

port, 521. 
Social life, 154-156. 
Society for the Propagation of the Gos- 
pel in Foreign Parts, 258. 
Sodom, Dorchester, 528. 
Soldiers, 413, 417, 420, 435, 438, 439, 
567, 578, 585, 586, 649, 660. 

Association to aid, 671. 

British, 543. 

of the Revolution, 390, 394, 433. 
Solicitor, City, 232. 
Somerby, , 127. 

Captain, 431. 

Daniel, 17, 540, 548. 

John, 136, 540. 

Joseph, 17, 22, 30, 352, 519, 540, 
548. 

Joseph, jr., 540. 

Thomas, 133. 
Somerby's, Deacon, house, 121. 
Somerby's landing, 79, 146, 170, 364. 
" Some Strictures upon the Sacred Story 
recorded in the Rook of Esther," 
etc., 482. 
Somes, Capt. Isaac, 643. 

Capt. John, 643. 
Songs, 409, 425, 438, 444, 446, 454. 
Sonora (ship), 237, 238, 463. 
Sons of Liberty, 427. 
Sons of Temperance, 187, 436. 
Soult, Marshall, 498. 
Soup ladles, 170. 
Sour krout, 616. 
Southborough, Mass., 20. 
South Carolina, 541. 
Southern ports, 119. 
South Hadley, Mass., 243. 
South Pond street, 334. 



Southport, Conn., 491. 
South Reading, Mass., 403. 
South Row, 512. 
South school, 310, 312, 315. 

house, 310. 
South Shore'(schooner), 467. 
South street, 332, 335, 349, 352, 354, 

355. 409, 416, 453, 562. 
South writing school, 312, 313. 
Spain, 576, 577, 671. 
Spalding, Samuel J., 523. 

Rev. Samuel J., 304, 305, 423, 425, 

439. 
Spanish brig,f^63i, 633. 

castles, 456. 

war, 667, 671. 
Spars, 454, 455, 575. 576. 
Spaulding, Rev. Willard, 298. 
Speaker of the house of representatives, 

553- 
Speaking, Art of, 315, 316, 485. 
" Speaking," " Art of," 485. 
Specie, 629, 661. 

Speeches, 193, 431, 439, 440, 443-448- 
Speedwell (schooner), 107, 239, 
Spellmg, 499. 
" Spelling Book," 499. 
Spencer, Capt. S., 629, 630, 
Sperm oil, 175. 
Spinners, Cotton, 193. 
Spinning, 145. 

wheels, 88. 

of yarn, 46. 
Spire, 301. 
Spofford, Daniel, 255. 

Richard S., jr., 464, 682, 683. 

Richard S., esq., 448. 

Dr. Richard S., 326. 
Spoon, Yankee Hero, 624, 625. 
Spooner, Bartholomew, 547. 

Edward, 629. 

W., 621. 
Spoons, 169-171, 624, 625. 
Sprague, John, 17. 

Dr. John, 51, 535. 

Capt. Samuel, 629, 630. 
Spring, Rev. Mr , 557. 

Rev. Gardner, 275. 

Mrs. Hannah (Hopkins), 275. - 

John R., 526. 

Samuel, 497. - 

Rev. Samuel, 102, 218, 256, 273-275, 
279. 313, 421, 486, 494, 556. 
Spring Bird (schooner), 469. 
Spring street, 167, 332, 352. 
Springer, Capt. William, 640. 
Springfield, Mass., 88. 
Springs, 22S-230. 
Springvale, Me., 225. 
Squadron, 114. 
Stables, 152, 379, 392, 394, 



INDEX 



755 



Stacey, George, 154, 156. 

Stage coach, Portsmouth, Flying. 29. 

Stage coaches, 29, 373, 3S0, 390, 394, 

395) 404, 503, 549- 
Stage company, Eastern, 178. 
Stage company, Portsmouth, Nevvbury- 

port & Boston, 388. 
Stage entrance, 204. 
Stage-house, The, 405. 
Stage, Post, 395. 

Stages, 377-379) 381, 394-398, 418. 
Stalls, Butchers', 190. 
St. Aloysius de Gonzaga, Church of, 

307, 308. 
Stamp act, 41-44, 48. 

tax, 41. 
Standard Newspaper company, 517. 
Standard Yarn company, 222. 
St. Andrew's church, Scituate, 260. 
Stanhope, Philip, esq., 485. 
Hon. I'hilip Dormer, 485. 
Stanley, Benjamin F., 685. 
Stanwood, Abel, 239. 
Atkinson, 236, 237. 

Jm 107. 

John R., 237. 

Joseph, 42, 614, 643. 

Philip, 89. 
Stapleton, Me., 353. 
Star of Peace (bark), 468. 
Star of Peace (ship) 236, 463. 
Stark (brig), 107. 
Starkey, William, 17. 
Starr King (ship), 465. 
State constitution, 57, 60-64, 72. 
State house, Boston, 30, 92, 93, 183, 
197, 228, 546, 586, 625,627, 634, 
647. 
State ship, 590. 
Statesman, The, 516. 
State Normal school, Albany, N. Y., 

321, 324 

. State street, 13, 29, 68, 129, 133, 134, 
145, 152, 153, 164, 166, 167, 169, 
171, 173. 177. 178, 183, 208, 218, 
219, 221, 227, 229, 247, 252, 271, 
299, 303) 304) 308, 311, 314, 315, 
324, 332, 334, 338, 339, 349, 350, 
353. 355) 356, 358, 377) 380, 386, 
388, 390-393, 398, 404-406, 415, 
416, 421, 425, 430, 432, 433, 435, 
438, 441, 442, 448, 449, 493-499, 
505,507, 508, 512, 514, 515)517) 
519, 522-524, 562, 676. 
Boston, 93. 

Stationer, 379. 

Stationery, 474, 485. 

Stations, Railroad, 400-403, 419. 

Statue on Atkinson common, 220, 221. 
of Justice, 132, 133. 
of Washington, 426. 



Statues, 132, 133, 220, 221, 426, 440, 

441. 
Stavers, Bartholomew, 394. 
John, 379, 380, 394. 
William, 396. 
Staves, 26, 451. 
Stayns, John, 91. 
St. Christopher's, 107. 
St. Clair (ship), 461. 
St. Dominique, Isle of, 115. 
Steamers, 407, 454, 457, 466, 469, 670. 
Steam P'ire-engine and Hose Carriage 

company No. i, 190. 
Steam mill, 181, 182. 
Steamships, 459, 466. 
Steam-tug, 454. 
Stearns, Eben S., 323. 

Rev. Jonathan F., 218, 266, 270. 
Stedman, Ebenezer, 499, 519. 
Steel engraving, 321. 
Steeples, 255, 256, 268, 270, 272, 275, 

2S6, 289. 294, 296, 301. 
Stephenson, Mr., 479. 
Stepney Green, Eng., 664. 
Stetson, Mr., 158. 
Charles, 416. 

Prince, 388, 392, 393, 415, 416, 432, 
Stevens, Albert W., 683. 
Bartholomew, 29. 
George H., 686. 
Isaac, 682. 
John, 29. 
Capt. John, 639. 
J. P., 225. 
Paul, 548. 
Samuel, 90, 237. 
Stevens' patent balances, 78. 
Stevenson, Robert, 240. 
Stewart, WiUiam, 169. 
St. George, George, 652. 
St. George's hall, 193. 
St. Germains, Earl of, 420. 

Stickney, , 509, 629. 

AHce, 318. 

Benjamin, 676. 

Edward S., 527. 

Mrs. Elizabeth H., 527. 

Enoch, 18. 

Henry R., 516, 517. 

Jeremiah, 507. 

Capt. Jeremiah, 659. 

John, 16, 17, 27, 134, 366,479,531, 

541, 614, 637, 638. 
John, jr., 17. 
Jonathan, 170, 547. 
Joseph, 17, 26, 541, 548. 
Samuel, 547. 
Miss Sarah E., 167, 168. 
William, i 7, 540, 650. 
Lt. William, 547. 
St. James, Court of, 414. 



756 



INDEX 



St. John the Baptist, 495. 

St. John's, Nova Scotia, 627. 

St. John's church, Portsmouth, N. H., 

263. 
St. John's Day, 154. 
St. Lawrence river, 558. 
St. Louis, Mo., 317. 
St. Louis church, Montreal, Can., 308. 
St. Lucie, Island of, 117. 
St. Maloes, 626. 
St. Mark's Lodge of Master Masons, 

187, 188, 436. 
St. Martins, 452. 
St. Mary's cemetery, 219. 
St. Mary's church, Lynn, 301. 
St. Mary's society, 300. 
St. Michaels, 631. 

St. Michael's church, Marblehead, 260. 
Stock raising, 13. 
Stocker, E , 240. 

Ebenezer, 112, 240, 378. 

Capt. Ebenezer, 390, 431. 
Stocking factory, 179. 
Stockings, 282, 586. 
Stockman, Joseph, 90. 

Capt. Joseph, 637. 

Roland, 18, 540. 

William, 18. 
Stocks, 47. 

Stoddard, Benjamin, 114. 
Stone, Eben F., 95-97, 99, loi, 175, 
209, 210, 329, 522, 523, 683, 684. 

Col. Eben F., 439. 

Hon. Eben F., 424, 443, 448, ^85, 
587, 596, 686. 

Ebenezer, 27, 184, 327. 

Capt. Ebenezer, 486. 

George P'rederick, 443. 

Isaac, 680, 681, 687. 

J., jr., 521. 

Jacob, 209, 435. 

John, 17, 26, 535. 

Capt. John, 487. 

John Q. A., 511. 

Miss Louise Parsons, 442. 

Rebecca, 164. 

Richard, 189. 
Stone bridge, 18. 

buildings, 628, 676, 677. 

jail, 128, 129. 
Stoneham, Mass., 482. 
Stone, Rubble, 250. 
Stone wall, 211, 213. 

on the mall , 21 1 . 
Stone's wharf, 322. 
Stones, 154, 214,248,250,264,267,353. 

Mill, 179. 
Store, Blunt & March's, 178. 
Stores, 27, 105, 131, 134, 154, 160, 
164, 169, 181, 192, 193,349,353. 
421, 446, 522. 



Stores, continued. 

Book, 480. 

Numbering of, 349. 
Stores, Military, 626. 
Storey avenue, 214, 219, 234, 301,406, 

407. 
Stories, Fabulous, 201. 
Stork (brigantine), 647. 
Storm, 378. 

Stoughton, Mass., 55, 564. 
Stove, Iron, 130. 
Stover, Mrs. Charlotte, 668. 

Lt. David Brainard, jr., 668. 

Henry, 668. 
Stoves, 93, 105, 158, 182. 

Cooking, 182. 
Stowell, Rev. George L., 257. 
St. Patrick (ship), 459. 
St. Paul (oratorio), 423. 
St. Paul's cathedral, 261. 

church, 27, 30, 36, 102, 117, 163, 
183, 215, 257, 259-265, 474, 476, 
478. 

churchyard, 215, 216, 341. 
St. Peter's church, Salem, 260. 
St. Peter's Lodge of Free and Accepted 

Masons, 261, 387, 495. 
Strabo (ship), 461. 
Strangers, 34. 
Stratton, Rev. F. K., 296. 
Street car service, 404. 
Street sprinkling, 227, 228. 
Streets, 104, 105, 160, 183, 200, 332- 
360. 

Strickland, , 267. 

" Strictures on Female Education," 486. 
St. Rose, Island of Guadeloupe, 116. 
Strong, Caleb, 92. 
Strong street, 147, 334, 348, 359, 400. 

Strothers, , 267. 

St. Sauveur, Poyen de, 116. 

St. Thomas, 119, 237. 

St. Thomas' church, Taunton, 260. 

Stuart, Gilbert, 99. 

Student-at-law, 273, 410. 

Subscriptions, 501, 503, 665. 

Success (schooner), 640. 

Suffolk county, 95, 386, 387, 445, 526, 

668. 
Sugar, 107, 176, 181. 451, 452, 579, 

589, 627, 651, 654. 
Suits, Law, 33, 71, 124, 135, 136,211, 

289. 
Sukey (brig), 614, 616. 
Sullivan, , 95. 

General, 413, 565, 585-587. 

Governor, 413. 
Sulphur, 56. 
Summer street, 318, 332, 334, 341, 

359, 399- 
Summit place, 334. 



INDEX 



757 



Sumner, Charles, Post No. loi, G. A. 

R., 440. 
Sumner, Ebenezer, 240. 
Sumter, Fort, 670. 
Sun, The, 517. 
Sun hotel, 391, 397, 414. 

tavern, 625. 
Sunday, 55. 

schools, 330, 331. 
Suppers, 156, 446, 579. 
Supply Wagon, No. i, 190. 
Supreme court of the United States, 

231, 232. 
Supreme judicial court, 70, 153, 197- 

199, 232, 324, 327, 328, 431. 
Surgeons, 582, 629. 
Surinam, 452. 

Surplus revenue, 196- 199, 212. 
Surprise (British frigate), 651. 
Surrender of Cornwallis, 598. 

of English man-of-war Serapis, 603. 

of forts, 584. 
Surveyor of port, 452, 676. 

post-roads, 380. 
Surveyors of highways, 26, 122, 358. 

land 22, 130, 182, 334, 338, 352. 

lumber, 26. 
Susan Gilmore (bark), 469. 
Swain, E., 239. 

Edward, 548. 
Swallow (bark), 460. 
Swallow (bird), 127. 
Swamp, Aspen, 346. 
Swan, Timothy, 91. 
Swasey, John B., esq 206. 

Joseph, 17, 310. 

Samuel, 17, 541, 659. 

Stephen, 17, 74, 135, 452. 

William H., 173, 220, 223, 224, 241, 
440. 
Swedish brig, 656. 
Sweeping town house, 130. 
Sweet, Miss S. A., 323. 
Sweetser, Seth, 326, 397, 398. 
Swett, Daniel, 415. 

Dr. John Barnard, 77, 118, 313. 

Capt. Samuel, 153. 

Col. Samuel, 43S, 524, 526, 54.9, 
631. 

Miss Susan A., 324. 
Swett & Farley, 240. 
Switzerland, 235. 
Swivel guns, 560, 561, 566, 569, 573, 

621, 626, 627. 
Swords, 417, 668. 
Sykes, Rev. James N., 290. 
Symonds, Mark, 682. 

TTABERNACLE, 287. 
* Table Bay, 237. 
Tables, 76, 439, 445. 



Tablet in St. Paul's church in memory 

of Bishop Bas«, 263. 
Taggard, Mrs. Ann E., 234. 

Cyrus Henry, 234. 
Tailer, Governor, 449. 

William, 449, 675. 
Tailors, 99. 
Talbot (ship), 461. 
Talisman (Ijark), 459. 
Talyrand, Baron de, 387. 
Tankard, 369. 
Tannatt, Thomas, 36. 
Tansur, Mr., 479. 

William, 474, 476. 
Tansur, Royal Melody of, 474, 476, 
Tappan. See Toppan. 
Tappan, N. V. , Skirmish at, 599-601. 
Taproom, 42. 
Tar barrels, 42. 

pot, 47. 
Tar box, John, 17. 
Tasket, John, 91. 
Taunton, Mass., 182, 260. 
Tavern, Bunch of Grapes, 482. 

Cape Breton, Boston, 531. 

Castle, 386. 

Mr. Davenport's, 383. 

Hoyt's, 424. 

Thomas Merrill's, 79. 

Sawyer's, 156. 

Sun, 625. 

White Horse, Boston, 480. 

Wolfe, 29, 40, 70, 183, 386-389, 

424, 519- 
Dinner at, 579. 
keeper, 552. 
Taverns, 29, 40, 70, 79, 156, 183, 382, 
383, 386-392, 394, 424, 480, 482, 
519, 531, 549, 579> 625. 
Taxation for the support of public wor- 
ship, 253, 259. 
of pew owners, 267, 275. 
Taxes, 15, 23, 24, 41, 43, 45, 196, 210, 
316, 487, 533, 606. 
Poll, 196. 
Province, 533. 
Stamp, 41. 
Taylor, Captain, 20. 
General, 669. 
Eldad, 62. 
Ezra, 20. 
John, 577, 621. 
Gen. Zachary, 446. 
Tea, 45, 46, 48, 49, 52-54, 442, 529- 

53I' 538, 539- 
Bohea. 48. 
* Duty on, 45. 
Foreign, 48, 49. 
India, 49. 
Labrador, 46. 
from Maine, 48. 



758 



INDEX 



Tea, continued. 

Destruction of, 529, 538, 539. 
in Boston harbor, 529. 

Importation and sale of, 538, 580. 
Tea party, Boston, 53. 
Teacher of the Newbury church, 471, 

472. 
Teachers, 310-313, 315, 320, 321,324. 

Female, 315. 

Salary of, 31O-312. 
Teaching, Science and Art of, 321. 
Teaching, Theory and Practice of, 321. 
Team, 370. 
Teamster, 227. 
Teaspoon, 624, 625. 

Tebbetts, , 527. 

Teel, Edwin L., 516. 

Josiah, 540. 

Michael C, 516. 

William, 535, 541. 
Tee), M. C, & Son, 516. 
Teeling, Rev. Arthur J., 301. 
Telegraph, 201, 450. 
Telescope, 193. 
Temperance societies, 183, 184, 186, 

436- 
Temperance, Sons of, 436. 
Temperance society, Belleville, 1S6. 

Young Men's, iS6. 
Templeman, John, 369, 370. 
"Temple Measured," "The," 471. 
Temple street, 153, 167, 169, 183, 281, 
2S7, 332, 337, 338, 350, 3^8^ 393, 
416, 422. 

meeting house, 337. 

society, 102. 
Tender, 612. 
Tenereif wine, 589. 
Teneriffe, 413. 
Tenger, Henry W., 540. 
Tenney, Daniel I., esq., 212, 426. 

Hiram, 527. 

Samuel, 319, 331, 687. 
Tennyson (ship), 463. 
Tents, 419, 432, 438, 439, 443, 586. 
Terra del Fuego, 456. 
" Testament," "The New," 498. 
Tewksbury, Mass., 149. 
Texel, Holland, 604, 605. 
Texian Star (ship), 237. 
Texts, 255, 305, 427. 473' 474, 476, 

481, 482, 484, 490, 545. 
Thacher, Anthony, 66. 

Hon. George, 319. 
Thacher's island, 66. 
Thankful (schooner), 239. 
Thatch, 148. 
Thtbes, Poet of, 492. 
"The Creation," 442. 
The Friends (ship), 616. 
Theft, 169, 170. 



"The Heavens are Telling," 442. 

Theory and practice of teaching, 321. 

"The Portrait," 432. 

Thespian club, 158. 

Theyer, Colonel, 560. 

Thigh, 621. 

Thimbles, 170, 171. 

Third Es.sex congressional district, 445. 

ThirdjEssex state senatorial district, 444. 

Third Massachusetts district, 676. 

Third parish, 13, 18, 21, 214, 252. 

meeting house, 161, 163. 

of Newbury, 333. 
Third regiment, 599-601. 
Third Religious society, 274, 276, 278, 

355- 
Thomas, Rev. Eugene E., 294. 

Isaiah, 427, 482, 489, 490, 501, 503. 

Capt. Seth, 641. 
Thomas, 486, 591, 592, 595, 638, 641, 
642, 647. 

Thomas, jr., 103. 

Capt. Thomas, 394, 535, 555, 562, 
586, 643. 

WilUam, 333. 
Thomas & Andrews, 487, 489, 492. 
Thomas & Carlisle, 489. 
Thomas & Tinges, 482. 
Thomas & Whipple, 481, 496-498. 
Thomas (brig), 607. 
Thomas Dana (ship), 464. 
Thompson, , 156. 

Alexander, 91. 

Richard, 30. 

Samuel, 98. 

Thomas, 503. 

Thomas, jr., 314. 
Thomson, The poet, 508. 

G. N., 499. 
Thorla's bridge, 39, 544. 
Thorn (brigantine), 641. 
Thorn (ship), 644. 
Thorn, Gen. George, 250. 
Thorndick, Moses, 90. 
Threadneedle alley, 221, 386, 519. 
Three Friends (schooner), 239, 240. 
Thurlow, John, 295. 

Zaccheus P., 209. 
Thurston, Miss Matia, 324. 
Tibbetts, Edward F., 221. 
Ticonderoga, 273. 
Tilton, Dudley D., 247. 

Miss Helen E., 528. 

John C, 467. 

John G., 499, 500, 522. 

Nathaniel, 350. 

Stephen, 90, 369. 
Tilton, J. E., & Co., 500. 
Timandra (brig), 467. 
Timber, 362, 363, 373, 375. 

Oak, 149. 



INDEX 



759 



Timlow, Rev. Heman R., 286. 
Timour (ship), 467. 
Tinges, H. W., 427, 540. 

Henry Walter, 482, 483, 501, 503, 
540. 
Tippets, 30. 
Tippling houses, 186. 
Titcomb, Mr., 75. 

Major-general, 409. 

Miss Anna Hart, 601. 

Beniah, 40. 

Miss Betsey, 601. 

Charles, 676. 

Enoch, 16, 17, 26, 124, 125, 217, 
272, 339, 340, 578, 596. 679, 680, 
687. 

Enoch, jr., 284, 535, 555, 679, 686. 

Elder Enoch, 284. 

Maj. Enoch, 313, 586, 687. 

Serg. Enoch, 89. 

Francis, 170. 

George A., 685. 

Mrs. Hannah C., 601. 

Henry, 16. 

Henry, jr., 175. 

Capt. Henry, 26, 361, 555. 

Ichabod, 90. 

Mrs. Jemima, 601. 
John, 17. 
John B., 217. 
John H., 659. 
Capt. John H., 280. 
Jonathan, 17, 26, 153, 62, 114, 366, 
535, 553, 555. 566, 586, 614, 620, 
637, 643, 647, 675, 678, 679. 
Capt. Jonathan, 555. 
Col. Jonathan, 562, 578, 5S1, 586. 
Gen. Jonathan, 587. 
Hon. Jonathan, 85, 92, 108. 
Joseph, 17, 359. 
Capt. Joseph, 27, 355. 
Joshua, 339. 
Capt. Joshua, 562. 
Josiah, 18, 134. 
Mrs. Lydia, 601. 
Michael, 449, 541, 600, 601. 
Capt. Michael, 601. 
Lt. Michael, jr., 114. 
Moses, 40. 
Col. Moses, 342. 
Capt. Nathaniel, 540. 
Nicholas, 540. 
Parker, 17, 601. 
Capt. Paul, 170. 
Richard, 339, 535, 562. 
Capt. Richard, 581 . 
Samuel, 17, 26. 
Mrs. Sarah, 601 . 
Miss Sarah Little, 601. 
Thomas, 601. 
Zebulon, 541, 548, 600. 



Titcomb street, 30, 162, 183, 225, 272, 
275, 332, 334, 340, 355, 356, 393, 
399, 4c6, 469. 
meeting house, 436. 
society, 102. 
Tithingmen, 27. 
Title-pages, 472, 478, 482-484, 488- 

491, 493 496, 499. 500- 
Tittle, Capt. John, 646. 
Tivertown, R. I., 586. 
Toasts, 424, 430, 431, 433, 438, 439, 

442. 
Tobacco, 181, 451. 
Tobacconist, 503. 
Todd, Ebenezer, 543. 

J-, 239. 

Jeremiah, 392. 

Moses, 17. 

T. Gillis, 227. 

Thomas, 1 7. 

William C, 243, 245, 324, 526, 527. 
Toddy, 42. 
Toletus, 486. 
Toll bridge, 370. 

gates, 378. 

houses, 377, 378, 414. 
Tolling of bells at funerals, 104, 141. 
Tolls, Canal, 148. 

Turnpike, 377. 
Tom (brigantine), 643. 
Tom (ship), 240. 
Tombstone of Hon. Tristram Dalton, 

215, 216. 
Tongues, 589, 619. 

Neat, 589. 
Toppan (Tappan), Captain, 107. 

Aljram, 54S. 

Amos, 441, 522. 

Benjamin Hall, 548. 

Caleb, 17, 635, 641, 645. 

Rev. David, 486. 

Edward, 239, 540. 

Edward, jr., 682. 

Enoch, 17. 

Henry, 78. 

Jacob, 346. 

John, 17. 

John S., esq., 219. 

Jos., 241. 

Joseph, 635, 645. 

Joshua, 284. 

Michael, 17, 540. 

Corp. Michael, 547. 

Peter, 363. 

Richard, 17. 

Samuel, 17, 26, 363. 

Stephen, 133, 261. 

William, 318. 
Toppan's lane, 345, 346. 
Toppan street, 208, 234, 245, 345, 346. 
Topsfield, Mass., 153, 377, 398, 403. 



760 



INDEX 



Topsfield Warren Blues, 445. 
Torchlights, 446. 
Torrens, Prof. L. A., 423. 
Tortola, 626. 
Tory, 529. 

Total Abstinence society, Washington, 
186. 
Young Men's, 186. 
" To Thee, Oh Counliy," 440, 442. 
Tower of Presbyterian meeting house, 

162, 163. 
Towle, Anthony F., 171, 173. 

Edward B., 173. 
Towle, A. F., & Son, 173. 
Towle, A. F., & Son company, 173. 
Towle & Jones, 171. 
Towle, Jones & Co., 173. 
Towle Manufacturing company, 173. 

factory (1905), 172. 
Tow-line, 603. 

Town clerks, 34, 49, 61, 189, 252, 399, 
550, 658, 686. 
creek, 151, 195. 

hall, 134, 185, 204, 418, 425, 432, 
433, 435-437, 442, 523, 659, 665. 
Townhouse, 13, 44,68,80,108,128,130, 
132, 134, 153, 166, 183, 271, 281, 
283, 284, 287, 311, 324,384,390, 
441, 442, 543, 556, 557. 
Old, 384. 
Boston, 50. 
Town meeting, First, 25, 26. 
Town meetings, 25, 26, 44, 65, 69, 132, 

523, 538,648-650, 665.' 

in First Parish meeting house, 65. 

Town officers, 409, 686, 687. 

plan, 183. 

treasurers, 143, 687. 
Townsend, Miss Elizabeth A., 324. 

James L., 454, 459. 
Tozer, Hiram, 513, 517. 
Tracts, 520. 

Tracy, , 571, 573, 576, 614, 623, 

634, 637, 639. 

Mr., 624. 

Mrs., 558. 

James, 638. 

Capt. James, 620, 621, 625, 638. 

John, 28, 142, 581, 591, 592, 620, 
633, 635-641, 643-647. 

John, esq., 313. 

Col. John, 421, 431. 

Nathaniel, 64, 65, 72, 77, 122, 312, 
338, 339, 450, 452> 679, 524, 558, 
567, 581. 591, 592, 620-624, 630, 
633, 636-638, 640-646. 

Hon. Nathaniel, 83, 391, 414. 

Nicholas, 531. 

Capt. Nicholas, 535. 

Patrick, 17, 18, 30, 31, 64, 66, 72, 

524, 531, 532, 535. 



Tracy, continuea. 

Capt. Patrick, 26, 45, 51, 134. 

Robert, 531, 625. 

Lt. Robert, 622. 
Tracy court, 222. 
Tracy house, 391, 393, 408, 410, 416, 

417, 525, 526. 
Tracy's wharf, 630. 

Trade, 43, 85, 450, 531-533, 551, 572, 
573. 577, 650. 

Coast, 531. 

Foreign, 45. 

Lords of, 25. 
Traders, 13, 21, 48, 49. 
Tradesmen, 18, 409, 437-440, 444. 
Train (band), 429. 
Training field, 122, 123. 

Boston, 530. 
Training green in Newbury, 406, 418, 

439- 
Training school for nurses, 242. 
Trains of cars, 374, 400, 403, 419, 420. 
Translation, 492. 
Tranparencies, 446. 
Transport service, 652. 
Transportation, 397. 403. 
Transports, 557, 558, 561, 595, 616, 
661, 669, 670. 
English, 661. 
Trask, Joshua, 90. 

Capt. Philip, 640. 
Traveller's Guide to Seaboard Towns, 

401. 
Travellers, 368, 370, 373, 377, 378, 
380, 386-388, 390-395, 496, 579- 
Travels, 497. 
Trays, 55. 

Treasurer,City, 204, 210, 234, 687, 689. 
County, 129. 
Provincial, 45. 
Boston, 102. 
State, 196, 660, 666. 
Town, 15, 25, 26, 32, 143. 196-198, 
216, 354, 366, 416, 541, 548, 565, 
581, 585, 660,687. 
Treasury notes, British, 662. 
Treaties, 108, 109, 235, 238, 598, 665, 

670. 
Treaty with France, 238. 

with Great Britain, 108, 109, 598, 

665. 
with Mexico, 1848, 670. 
of Washington, 1871, 735. 
Treble, 473. 
Tree, The Beacon Oak, 141, 142. 

Pine, 621. 
Trees, 122, 125, 141, 142, 218, 220, 
335, 621. 
Shade, 335. 
Tremont street, 336. 
Trenton, N. j., 1 13. 



INDEX 



76 1 



Trevecca, Wales, 689. 

Tringana, Siam, ii;8. 

Trinity church, Boston, 260, 265. 

Marshfield, 260. 
Tripe, 616. 

" Triumphs of Temper," 485. 
Trombone, 442. 

Troops, 539, 540, 543, 557, 558, 581, 
599, 601, 630. 

British, 500, 626. 

Confederate, 670. 

EngHsh, 46, 49, 550, 587. 
Troubadour (ship), 460. 
Trout brook, 229. 
Trow, Capt., 107. 

Capt. W., 107. 
Trowbridge, Mr., 20. 
Troy, N. Y., 222. 
Truckman, 433, 437. 
True, Jacob, 541, 547, 603, 629. 

Samuel, 565. 
Trumbull, Ezra, 468. 
Trumpets, 409, 442. 
Trunks, 159, 553, 662. 
Trj'all (brig), 240. 
Tsar (ship), 459. 
Tubs, 55. 
Tucker, Benjamin, 507. 

Rev. John, 79, 253. 

Reuben, 629. 

Samuel, esq., 590. 

Capt. Samuel, 450, 644. 

William F., 668. 
Tudor, Hon. William, 377. 
Tufts, Rev. John, 473-475. 

Samuel, 17, 26, 40, 57, 313, 531, 

535. 555, 567- 
Tug boats, 454, 456. 
Tuition, 314, 330. 
Tula (brig), 467. 
Tumblers, 170. 
Tunes, 166, 473-480. 

Psalm, 166, 473-480. 
Tunnel, 400. 
Turf, 122. 
Turk's island, 452. 
Turkey hill, 205, 346, 348, 544. 
Turkey Hill street, 208. 
Turkish ambassador, 661. 
Turner, Hon. Charles, 384, 385. 

John, 90. 
Turnips, 613. 

Turnpike, Newliuryport and Boston, 
185, 218, 324, 332, 358 377, 378, 

391- 
Plum Island, 151, 204, 208, 378, 

379, 666. 
Turnpikes, 151, 185, 204, 20S, 218, 

324- 332, 358, 377-379> 391- 414, 

435, 441, 666. 
Turpentine, Distilling oil of, 122, 



Turtle, 127. 

Twelfth regiment, 599, 600. 
Twenty-second Essex district, 685. 
Two Brothers (schooner), 107, 655. 
" Two Gentlemen of Verona," 158. 
Tyler, Mr., 20. 

President, 445. 

Joseph, 148. 

Royal, 20. 
Tyng, Dudley A., 112, 486, 675. 

Dudley A., esq., 346. 

Dudley Atkins, 148, 258. 260. 
Tyng street, 241, 332, 334, 346, 360, 

404, 405. 
Type, 78. 

UNDERTAKERS, 104. 
Unicorn street, 170, 334. 
Uniforms, 429. 
Union (schooner), 241. 
Union forces, 425. 
Union hall, 390, 424. 
Union house, 405. 
Union street, 200, 323, 332, 340, 357, 

358, 399- 
Union wharf, 332. 
Unitarian meeting house, 224. 
United States, 68, 77, 93, 102, 103, 
108-111, 114, 150, 152, 159-161, 
194, 196, 198, 231, 232, 235, 237, 
238, 258, 274, 323, 334, 369, 378, 
379, 408-410, 415, 416, 418-422, 
425, 429, 430, 43^, 438, 442, 443, 
446, 453, 457, 488, 489, 493-495, 
497, 577, 580, 598, 601, 604, 610, 
630, 634, 636, 648-650, 652, 654, 
656, 664, 665, 667, 669, 671, 672, 
675, 676. 
army, 668. 
circuit court, 70. 
Convention to frame constitution of, 

414. 
troops, 670. 
volunteers, 668. 
United States (ship), 464. 
Unity (schooner,), 239. 
Unity (-ihip), 642. 
Unity (sloop), 612. 
Universalist, 413. 
church, 297. 
meetinghouse, 224, 299 
University of Michigan, 321. 
Upper Long wharf, 44, 450, 655. 
Upper woods, 13. 
Usher, William A., 225. 

William R., 225. 
Usher, William R., & Son, 225. 
Usher, William R., & Son Shoe com- 
pany, 225. 
Ushers, 312. 
Utensils, Plantation, 663. 



762 



INDEX 



\/ACATIONS (SCHOOL), 312, 313. 
V Valley Forge, 583, 584. 

Valparaiso (ship), 463. 

\z.v\ Buren, Rev. James H., 265. 
Martin, 676. 

Vanes, Weather, 30, 142. 

Vaudreuil, M. de, 3S7. 

Vaulting, 157. 

Vehicles, 544. 

Velocipede boats, 439. 

Vengeance (American privateer), 630. 

Vengeance (brigantine), 629. 

Vengeance (ship), 590, 595, 643. 

Veno (brig), 468. 

Vera Cruz, Mexico, 669, 670. 

Vergnies, Doctor, 11 7-1 19. 
l\Ionsieur, 117. 

Vermilye, Rev. Ashbel G., 270. 

Vermont, 370, 484. 

Vernon, William, 590. 

Vernon street, 359. 

Verpril, Nerau, 115. 

Versailles, 598. 

Vessels, 39, 46, 54, 66, 73, 74, 102, 
103, 106-108, 111-115, 117, 119, 
149, I73-I75> 235-238, 362, 363, 
368, 372, 383, 409, 424, 449-453, 
456-459, 461, 465-469, 530, 53i> 
550. 551, 557-563, 569-572, 575, 
577, 579, 5S0, 587, 589, 590, 592- 
595, 601-603, 607, 613, 614, 616- 
622, 624-626, 634, 637649, 651, 
652, 654-656, 662, 664, 675. 
Armed, 102, 103, 108, 579, 580, 

593, 613, 637649, 651.' 
American, 648. 
British, 651. 
burned, 236, 237, 595. 
Inspection of, 675. 
Merchant, 624, 656. 
State. 592 

Vestibule, 281. 

Vestries, 282, 293, 299, 300, 306, 307, 
318, 322, 330. 

Vestrymen of St. Paul's church, 36, 
257. 

" Vicar of Wakefield," 491. 

Vickers, 279. 

Vickery Joshua, 46, 47. 

Victor (schooner), 467. 

Victoria (ship), 464. 

Victory (ship), 459. 

View of Newburyporl, 79. 

" Village Curate," 492. 

" Village Harmony," 497. 

Vinal, John, 121, 310, 311. 

Vinal & Carter, 487. 

Vincent, Matthew, 601. 

Vine, Robert, 179. 

Vinegar, 616. 

Viol, Bass, 421. 



Violence, 46, 47, 537. 

Violins, 156, 280, 430. 

Mrgin (brig), 641. 

Virginia, 27, 41, 96, 380, 451, 452, 

556, 648. 
coal, 27. 
Virginia (ship), 461. 
" Vision and Prophecies of Daniel," 

"The," 471. 
Voice, Training of the, 474. 
Volant (ship), 463. 
Von Hagar, P. A., 255. 
Voters, 688. 

Voyages, 20, 202, 278, 497, 633. 
Vulture (brig), 74, 239, 240. 



W 



ADLEIGH, JOSEPH, & CO., 



Wages, 548, 579, 581, 596, 597, 655, 
660. 

Carpenters', 579. 

Caulkers', 579. 

Joiners', 579. 

Masons', 579. 

Soldiers', 581. 

Revolutionary soldiers', 596, 597. 
Wagons, 78, 377, 382, 396, 397, 439, 

581. 
Waide, Col. Nathaniel, 89. 
Waistcoat, 282. 
Waite, Morrison R., 235. 
Waitemata (bark), 468. 
Wakefield, Mass., 403. 
Wakefield (bark), 469. 
Wales, 689. 

Wales, Visit of, Prince of, 419. 
Walker, Eleazer R., 182. 

Samuel, 676. 
Walks, 220. 
Wall, 628. 
Wallace, Rev. Charles C, 271, 447. 

Edward P., 683. 

Sir James, 632. 
Wallace, E. P., Post No. 122, G. A. 

R., 440. 
Walpole, N. H., 489. 
Walsh, Mrs. Hannah, 317. 

John, 317. 

K., 240. 

Michael, 316, 317. 

Michael, A. M., 495. 
Walsh's Arithmetic, 494. 
Walter, Mr., 479. 

Thomas, M A., 474. 
Waltham, Mass., 153. 
Walton, Samuel, 240. 
War, 54, 102, 103, 106, 238, 387, 
394, 396, 413. 432, 450, 452, 648, 
650, 654, 657, 659, 667, 668, 670, 
671. 

French, 106, 



INDEX 



763 



War, continued. 

Old French, 413. 

between England and France, 238. 
Neutrality in, 102. V 

Revolutionary, 54, 387, 394, 396, 
450, 452. 

of 1812-1815, 432, 648, 650. 

Mexican, 667. 

Civil, 667, 670. 

Spanish, 667, 671 . 
War, Board of, 573-575> 584, 586-589, 

592> 593. 635. 
War, Committee of, 553. 
War department, 668. 
War, Secretary of, 194, 250. 
War Hawk (ship), 465. 
Ward, Captain, 556. 

General, 552, 622, 624. 

Hon. Artemas, 541-543. 
Letter to, 541, 542. 

John Q. A., 212, 425. 

Jonathan, 51. 
Wardens of St. Paul's church, 26, 36, 

257, 537- 
Wards, 209. 
Ware, Joseph, 557. 
Ware, Hollow, 182. 
Warehouse point, 366. 
Warehouses, 47, [76, 362. 
Warner, John, 279, 285. 

Joseph, 16. 

Nathaniel, 541, 547, 629. 
Warner, John, & Son, 285. 
Warrant for first town meeting, 24, 25. 
Warrants for town meetings, 19,24, 25, 

34, 344. 366. 
Warren, J., 560, 590. 
James, 574. 
Hon. James, 553. 
Warren Blues, Topstield, 445. 
Warren Moore (schooner), 470. 
Warren street, 147, 332, 334, 345. 600. 
Wart, 499. 

Washburn, Rev. Edward A., 264. 
Washmgton, General, 560, 598, 617- 
619, 623, 624. 
George, 92, 127, 311, 408-413, 420, 
421, 424-426, 432, 488, 489, 

494, 499. 561, 5*^3-585. 599, 
601. 

Birthday of, 424-426, 499. 

Body guard of, 601. 

Book plate of, 492. 

Discourse on death of, 494. 

Farewell address of, 425. 

Statue of, 212, 425, 426. 
Washington (privateer), 627. 
Washington (schooner), 613, 614, 637, 

638. 
Washington, D. C, 201, 238, 241, 250, 

422, 445, 446, 625, 668, 670. 



Washington Benevolent society, 425, 

432, 665. 
Washington Circulating library, 522. 
Washington hall, 158, 291, 303, 308, 

322, 414, 415, 431, 433, 446. 
hotel, 392, 393, 398. 
house, 332, 393. 
Washington Light Guard, 203, 436,437. 
Washington Light infantr)', 261, 415, 

416, 421, 425, 431-434, 499. 582, 

666. 
Washington street, 28, 99, 118, 297, 

301, 323, 332, 334, 340, 355, 357- 

359, 399. 400, 406, 415, 438, 499, 
500. 

meeting house, 297. 

Methodist Episcopal church, 296,297. 
Washington temperance movement, 1 83, 
Washington Total Abstinence society, 

186, 435, 436. 
Washington, Treaty of, 1871, 235. 
Wasp (schooner), 643. 
Wasp (sloop-of-war), 453, 655. 
Wassell, Rev. Joseph, 292. 
Watch houses, 68, 69, 130, 131, 134. 
Watch maker, 169. 
Watches, 164, 166, 167, 171. 
Watchmen, 48, 530. 
Watchtower, The, 513. 
Water, 228-232, 234. 

commissioners, 234. 

company, Newburypott, 229-232,234. 

pipes, 228, 230, 234. 
"Waterside," "The," 1316, 18,21. 
Water street, 41, 170, 171, 179, 208, 
222, 225, 332, 334-337, 351-354, 

360, 368, 390, 421, 485, 549, 676. 
Plan of, 352, 353. 

Water supply, 200, 201, 228-232, 234. 

Bartlett Spring, 228. 
Water works, 208, 229, 230, 232. 
Watertown, Mass., 56-58, 60, 537, 550, 
551, 554, 555. 563, 564, 566, 612, 
613, 616, 617, 019, 621, 678. 
Watrous, Uanicl, 578. 
Watts, Dr., 421 . 
L, D. D., 485. 
Dr. Isaac, 493. 
Watts' cellar, 338. 
Waverly hotel, 393, 394. 
Ways, 134, 135, 140, 177, 200, 312, 
333-335. 338, 341, 344. 349-352, 
354, 356-358, 361-364, 378. 
Piivate, 335. 
W. B. Herrick (schooner), 467. 
\\ . C. French (schooner), 470. 
Weare, N. IL. 392. 
Weather, 380, 416, 418, 425, 437, 558, 

670. 
Weather cock, 256. 
Weather vane, 30, 142, 256. 



764 



INDEX 



Weaver, G. Norman, 229. 
Weaving, 145. 
Webb, Timothy, 520. 
Webb & Kettell, 520. 
Webster, Mr., 563. 

Hon. Daniel, 445, 446. 

Humphrey, 346. 

Luke, 541. 
Wedding, 410. 
Weed, Willia !■, 17. 
Weekly Family Visuor, 515. 
Weigher of cubinms, 676. 
Weights, 26. 

Weld, Edward, 4S0, 482. 
Well in Market square, 139. 
Wells, 139, 230. 
Wells, Arnold, 377. 

Capt. J., 108. 

John, 240. 

William H., 328, 522, 523. 
Wenham, Mass., 403. 
Wentworth, Governor, 390. 
Wentworth Arms, Sign of the, 388. 
Wescomb, Serg. Thomas, 547. 
Weskon, Thomas, 541. 
Wesle) , John, 689. 
Wessacunicon (bark), 461. 
Wessacumcon Steam Mills, 200. 
West, David, 487. 
West & Greenleaf, 494. 
Westcoit, James I'. L., 393. 
Western, Fort, 558. 
West India islands, 28, 450, 533, 653. 

French, 533. 
West India lane, 218. 
West India rum, 70, 181, 589. 
West Indies, 69, 106, 107, 114, 115, 
176, 451, 452, 494, 531, 573. 634, 
63s, 640. 
West Indies (local name), 21. 

Road towards, 121. 
West Male grammar school. 324. 
West Newbury, Mass., 156, 179, iSo, 
205, 207, 208, 214, 241, 402,407, 
419, 430, 441, 442, 473, 514, 685. 
West Troy, N. Y., 263, 301. 
Western Union telegraph system, 201. 
Wetcomb, John, 621. 
Wexford (brig), 640. 
Weymouth, Mass., 586, 595. 
Whalan, John, 240. 
Whale boats, 614, 615. 

fishery, 175. 

oil, 175. 
Whampoa (ship), 463. 
Wharf, Brown's, 182. 

Commercial, 182. 

Davenport^s, 353, 449. 

Ferryway, 390. 

First, in Newbury, 449. 

Hudson's, 353. 

Long, 503, 589, 



Wharf, continued . 

Lower Long, 44, 136, 145, 352, 

McHard's, 134. 

Queen's, 450. 

Scarlett's, 386, 387. 

Capt. Paul Titcomb's, 170. 

Tracy's, 630. 

Upper Long, 44, 655. 

Wheelwright's, 332. 
Wharves, 44, 74, 104, 131, 134, 136, 
145, 170, 176-178, 182, 183, 202, 
332, 352, 353i 362, 363, 386, 
387, 390, 421, 449. 450, 503' 580, 
589, 616, 630, 649. 
Wheat, 35, 81. 
Wheel-chair, 483. 
Wheeler, Abijah, 288. 

Rev. Hosea, 289, 290. 

John H., 248. 

Moses B., 422. 

Samuel, 90. 
Wheels, 597. 

Wheelwright, Abraham, 112, 240, 331, 
518, 519. 

Ebenezer, 181, 204, 240, 336, 416. 

Capt. Ebenezer, 326, 486. 

Henry B., 337. 

Isaac W., 326. 

Serg. Jeremiah, 659. 

William, 329. 
Wheelwright fund, 329. 
Wheelwright Scientific school, 329,423. 
Wheelwright's wharf, 332. 
Whig, 529. 

party, 444. 
Whipple, , 481, 496-49S. 

C, 499. 

Charles, 499, 521. 
Whirligig, The, 158. 
Whist, 156. 
Whistler (ship), 465. 
White, B., 621. 

Daniel A., 520. 

Hon. Edward Douglas, 231. 

James, 487. 

John, 574. 

Rev. John C, 264. 

Capt. Paul, 449. 

Philip, 16, 135. 

Rev. William, 259. 
White, T. B. & E. L., 499. 
Whitefield, Rev. George, 79, 266, 267, 

497, 689. 
Whitcficld Congregational church, 304, 
305, 689. 

society, 248, 304, 305. 
White Horse tavern, Boston, 480. 
White Plains, N. Y., Battle of, 599-601. 
Whitmore, Benjamin, 687. 

David, 18. 

Ebenezer, 239. 

Jonathan, 16. 629. 



INDEX 



765 



Whitney, Doctor. 56. 

James E., 329. 
Whittemore, Colonel, 430. 

Lt. Joseph, 547, 549. 

Whitten, , 517. 

Whitten & Hale, 517. 
Whittier (ship), 456, 464. 
Whittier, John G., 456, 512. 
Whittle, Corp. William, 89. 
W. H. Lewis (schooner), 467. 
W. H. Lincoln (ship), 465. 
Wibird, Rev. Mr., 272. 
Wicks, 66. 
Wigglesworth, E., 313. 

Edward, 83, 531, 565, 608, 675, 
678, 679. 

Capt. Edward, 566, 642. 

Col. Edward, 60, 75, 337, 408, 581- 
584. 

Dr. Edward, 253 . 

Miss Margaret, 253. 

Mrs. Martha, 581. 

Rev. Samuel, 581. 

William, 178. 
Wilcomb, Capt. William, 636, 637,646. 
" Wild boat of the Atlantic," 455. 
Wilde, George C, esq., 433. 

Hon. Samuel S., 319, 416, 433. 
Wildes, Ephrann, 397. 

Rev. George D., 426, 438. 
Wiley, Capt. J., 107. 
Wilkins, Herbert A., 167, 168, 688. 

S. Herbert, 688. 
Wilkinson, Rev. Howard S. , 297. 
Will of William Bartlet, 181. 
Willard, Jacob, 548. 

Simon, 162, 280. 
Willett, Nathan, 120. 
William (brig), 107, 239. 
William (ship), 631, 646. 
William, King, 35. 
William and Alfred (ship), 662, 663. 
William and Charlotte (brig), 651. 
William A. Tarlton (schooner), 202. 
William Hales (bark), 469. 
Williams, Captain, 589, 590. 

Mr., 479. 

A., 476, 5S9, 590. 

Abraham, 139, 264, 319. 

Capt. Abraham, 147. 

Col. Abraham, 415. 

Ann, 264. 

Enoch S., 179, 200, 203, 209, 402, 
682. 

Archbishop John J., 219, 299, 301, 
303, 30S. 

John Q. A., 163, 264, 526. 

Joseph, 147, 184, 415, 650. 

Rev. Nathaniel W., 289, 290. 

Robert B., 147. 

Rev. Samuel P., 218, 270. 



Williams college, 275. 

Williams court, 147, 182. 

Williams'" wharf, 332. 

Willie H. Lord (schooner), 469. 

Willicot, Captain, 632. 

Willow avenue, 334. 

Wills, 181, 245, 322, 326, 327, 

329- 
Wills, Charles, 207. 

Elizabeth L. B., 237. 

John, 336. 
Willson, Ciptain, 565. 
Winchester, Job, 582. 
Wind, 380. 

Winder, John W., 329. 
Windsor, Vt., 484. 
Windward islands, 451. 
Windmill hill, 120. 
Windmills, 120, 121, 123, 339. 
Window, Stained glass, 294. 
Wine, 79, 394, 416, 452, 579, 589, 
616, 627, 651. 

Madeira, 627, 661. 

Sherry, 662. 

Tenereif, 589. 
Wingate, John, 582. 

Paine, 167. 
Wingate, Newman & Co., 644. 
Winged Hunter (ship), 463. 
Winkley, Paul T. , 291. 
Winona (ship), 463. 
Winter, 582, 583. 
Winter island, Salem, 153. 
Winter street, 28, 141, 147, 310, 332, 

342, 357-359. 399. 400. 
Winthrop, Hon. Robert C, 442. 
Wiscasset, Me., 192, 397. 
Wisconsin, 194. 
Witcher, Moses, 548. 
Witham, Thomas, 114. 
Withington, Arthur, 517. 

David L., 229, 379, 439. 

Ebenezer, 528. 

Rev. Leonard, 278, 524. 

Lothrop, 517. 

Nathan N., 257, 684. 
Woart, John, esq., 434. ~ 

William, 325, 326, 336, 520. 
Wolfe, General, 387. 

James, esq., 29, 388. 
Wolfe tavern, 29, 40, 42, 70, 183, 386- 
389. 394, 405. 415. 419, 424, 430. 
431. 519- 
Woman's Relief Corps, 220. 
Women, 221, 222, 226, 544, 671. 
" Women," " Memoirs of Eminently 

Pious," 495. 
Wood, 105, 145, 272. 

sawing and splitting, 145. 

carver, 386. 

cuts, 373, 374. 



766 



INDEX 



Q 



C 



Wood, Abner, 239, 240, 680, 681. 

Amos, 682. 

Charles G., 329. 

Daniel, 91. 

David, 167, 171, 347, 682, 

Enoch, 240. 

Eunice, 167. 

George, 511. 

John, 18, 167, 372, 531. 

Joseph, 547. 

Thomas, 18. 
Wood, Tell & Kettle, 36. 
Wocdberry, Mrs., 315. 
Woodbridge, , 452. 

Mr., 363. 

Benjamin, 70, 177. 

Joseph, 17, 70, 177. 

Samuel, 629. 

Thomas, 16, 18, 129, 356, 449, 450. 
Woodbridge, N. J., 283. 
Woodbridge's island, 151, 194, 195, 

205, 208. 
Woodland stieet, 163, 208, 227, 305, 

334» 347, 357, 440, 666. 
Woodman, Edward. 344. 

Rev. Henry A., 514. 

Ichabod, 17, 26, 272. 

John, 18, 337. 

Jonathan, 344. 

Lt. Jonathan, 582. 
Woodman's lane, 342-344, 346, 361. 
Woods, Frank O., 247, 248. 
Woodward, Rev. David H., 304. 
Woodwell. David, 453. 

David T., 683. 

George W., 683. 

Gideon, 454, 614. 

Capt. Gideon, 44. 

John, 209, 453. 

John, jr., 682. 
Woolen, 575, 576. 
Woolen goods, 88. 

yarn, 179 181. 
Worcester, Eng., 505. 

Mass., 62, 72, 79, 88, 253, 259, 471, 
489, 490. 
Worcester county, 71, 95. 
Work, William, 658, 686. 
Workhouse, 69, 142, 143, 145. 
Workshops, 105, 421. 
Wormstead, Michael, 296. 



Worth, Lionel, 348. 

Wrecks, 114, 456. 

Wright, Rev. Arthur H., 265. 

Col. Isaac H., 667, 669. 

Nathaniel H., 516. 

Rev. Richard, 307. 
Writing, 310, 312, 315, 316, 327, 330. 

master, 313. 

school for girls, 318. 

school, North, 313. 

schools, 14, 309, 312, 313, 318, 

319- 
W. S. Jordan (schooner), 467. 
Wyatt, Benjamin, 336. 

Benjamm, jr., 241. 

John, 26, 540, 548. 

Samuel, 540. 

Corp. Samuel, 547. 

Stephen, 16, 26, 27, 548. 
Wyer, Mrs., 142. 

Nathaniel, 629. 

Capt. William, 125, 366, 555. 

VALE COLLEGE, 275. 
i Yankee (schooner), 653. 
Yankee Hero (brig), 621-623, 638. 
Yankee Hero (privateer), 620, 624, 

625. 
Yankee sailors, 454. 
Yarn, 145. 

factory, 179, 181, 222. 

Linen, 88. 

Woolen, i79-i8(. 
Yeaton, Thales G., 89. 
Yellow fever, 118, 119, 193. 
York, Me., 555. 
York county, 581, 612. 
Yorkshire, Eng., 388. 
Yorktown, Pa., 598. 
Young, Benaiah, 16. 

Capt. J., 107. 

Joseph, 288. 

Corp. William, 659. 
Young men, 329. 

Young Men's Christian association, 
247. 

Temperance society, 1S6. 

Total Abstinence society, 186. 

yURIC, 492. 



NOTE. 



On page 263, eleventh line from the bottom of the page, after the word 
" February " the year " 1905 " should be inserted. 

On page 697, first column, the word "Bartlet" in parentheses, after the word 
" Barrett," and in the second column, at the beginning of the second line, the 
word " Barett " should be erased. 












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